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Changing the coordinate system of grids storing population counts is typically a challenging task, due to the need to keep the population totals unchanged (i.e. volume preservation). The Population Warp tool (GHS-POPWARP), version 1, is an information system developed in the framework of the Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) project to convert geospatial raster grids of population counts between different map projections and/or resolutions, while preserving population volumes. The GHS-POPWARP v1 is a flexible tool to produce geospatial population counts grids in GeoTIFF format starting from another grid in a different coordinate system and/or resolution. The tool operationalises a stable and rigorous workflow long used in the Global Human Settlement Layer to handle gridded population data. The GHS-POPWARP v1 tool allows the creation of population counts grids via a sequence of oversampling, structure conversion and reprojection geospatial procedures. The principal purpose of the tool is to expand the interoperability of GHSL tools which require population grid data as input (e.g. GHS-DUG that strictly requires a kilometric population grid in equal area projection) or to simplify the warping of population grids for users less familiar with geospatial processing. The tool is offered as a contribution to capacity enhancement in the framework of the multi-stakeholder effort for the uptake of the Degree of Urbanisation (DEGURBA) classification method. Degree of Urbanisation refers to the people-based harmonised definition of cities and settlements recommended by the 51st Session of the United Nations Statistical Commission as the methodology to delineate cities and rural areas for international statistical comparison. The GHS-POPWARP, as all GHSL tools, is issued with an end-user licence agreement, included in the download package., JRC.E.1-Disaster Risk Management

The Population To Grid tool (POP2G) –version 1.0- is an information system developed in the framework of the Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) to produce geospatial grids of population counts at different spatial resolutions. The POP2G v1.0 is a flexible tool to produce geospatial population grids in GeoTIFF format from census data. The tool operationalises the workflow developed for the production of the Global Human Settlement Layer Population Grid layers (GHS-POP). The POP2G v1.0 tool allows the creation of population grids at 50 m, 250 m, and 1 km spatial resolutions, handling census data stored as point or polygon vector data (in latter case requires additional covariate as input for dasymetric disaggregation). The principal purpose of the tool is the production of the population grid used as input for the Degree of Urbanisation Grid (DUG) also produced in the GHSL framework. However the potential uses of the tool and population grids go far beyond this main application. The tool is a capacity enhancement asset in the framework of the multi-stakeholder effort to develop a people-based harmonised definition of cities and settlements that helps the assessment of the feasibility of applying a global definition of cities/urban areas in support of global monitoring of SDGs and the New Urban Agenda urban targets. The POP2G, as all GHSL tools, is issued with an end-user licence agreement, included in the download package, JRC.E.1-Disaster Risk Management

The ENACT grids are a set of consistent, seamless, multi-temporal and validated population density grids for the European Union that take into account major daily and monthly population variations. These grids were produced by combining official statistical data at regional level with geo-spatial data from conventional and non-conventional data sources. The grids display maximum population density at day- and night-time for each month of the year (i.e. 24 population grids in total), at a spatial resolution of 1 x 1 km resolution for the whole EU-28. This is a major contribution to the state-of-the-art information on population density in Europe, as prior grids considered only static residential population (i.e. night-time). The newly released grids were produced in the context of the JRC ENACT exploratory research project, “ENhancing ACTivity and population mapping. This document accompanies the public release of the ENACT 2011 Population Grids and describes the contents., JRC.E.1-Disaster Risk Management

The Population To Grid tool (GHS-POP2G) –version 2- is an information system developed in the framework of the Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) to produce geospatial grids of population counts at different spatial resolutions. The GHS-POP2G v2 is a flexible tool to produce geospatial population grids in GeoTIFF format from census data. The tool operationalises the workflow developed for the production of the Global Human Settlement Layer Population Grid layers (GHS-POP). The GHS-POP2G v2 tool allows the creation of population grids at 50 m, 100 m, 250 m, and 1 km spatial resolutions, handling census data stored as point or polygon vector data (in latter case requires additional covariate as input for dasymetric disaggregation). The principal purpose of the tool is the production of the population grid used as input for the Degree of Urbanisation Grid (GHS-DUG) also produced in the GHSL framework. However the potential uses of the tool and population grids go far beyond this main application. The tool is a capacity enhancement asset in the framework of the multi-stakeholder effort to develop a people-based harmonised definition of cities and settlements that helps the assessment of the feasibility of applying a global definition of cities/urban areas in support of global monitoring of SDGs and the New Urban Agenda urban targets. The GHS-POP2G, as all GHSL tools, is issued with an end-user licence agreement, included in the download package., JRC.E.1-Disaster Risk Management

The GHS-SmartDissolve Tool– version 2.0 is an information system developed in the framework of the Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) to conduct smart and flexible aggregation of adjacent and complex polygons storing quantitative data. GHS-SmartDissolve is a tool that handles minimum mapping unit, resolution mismatch between layers, or spatial uncertainty problems in GISc. This tool automatically dissolves polygons below a threshold area or a threshold attribute value, updating fields’ values to meet a minimum target area or a minimum attribute value. This flexible framework allows to select the ordering of polygon analysis, different dissolve rules, and different field updating operations. The GHS-SmartDissolve is available as toolbox for ArcGIS 10.X. This document contains the description of the GHS-SmartDissolve Tool use, with details and description of the different settings and output. The GHS-SmartDissolve, as all GHSL Tools, is issued with an end-user licence agreement, included in the download package., JRC.E.1-Disaster Risk Management

The increasing availability of accessible sensor technologies, single board computers, and prototyping platforms have resulted in a growing number of frameworks explicitly geared towards the design and construction of Digital and Augmented Musical Instruments. Developing such instruments can be facilitated by choosing the most suitable framework for each project. In the process of selecting a framework for implementing an augmented guitar instrument, we have tested three Linux-based open-source platforms that have been designed for real-time sensor interfacing, audio processing, and synthesis. Factors such as acquisition latency, workload measurements, documentation, and software implementation are compared and discussed to determine the suitability of each environment for our particular project.

La Unión Europea es el mayor proceso de integración a nivel mundial. Este proceso de integración no solo ha supuesto el mayor período de paz en Europa, sino que también ha supuesto el mayor período de prosperidad económica para la región. Una de las fuentes de crecimiento es el libre comercio, y la Unión Europea, conocedora de este hecho, ha optado por abrir sus mercados a través de la negociación y la adopción de acuerdos que permitan la libre circulación de bienes y servicios. El papel de la Unión Europea en la economía mundial es clave, siendo una de las economías más grandes e importantes del planeta. En este trabajo se realizará un análisis de los principales acuerdos comerciales alcanzados por esta entidad., Máster en Comercio Exterior

The Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) produces new global spatial information, evidence-based analytics and knowledge describing the human presence on the planet Earth. The GHSL operates in a fully open and free data and methods access policy, building the knowledge supporting the definition, the public discussion and the implementation of European policies and the international frameworks as the 2030 Development Agenda and the related thematic agreements. The GHSL supports the GEO Human Planet Initiative (HPI) that is committed to developing a new generation of measurements and information products providing new scientific evidence and a comprehensive understanding of the human presence on the planet and that can support global policy processes with agreed, actionable and goal-driven metrics. The Human Planet Initiative relies on a core set of partners committed in coordinating the production of the global settlement spatial baseline data. One of the core partners is the European Commission, Directorate General Joint Research Centre, Global Human Settlement Layer project. The Global Human Settlement Layer project produces global spatial information, evidence-based analytics, and knowledge describing the human presence in the planet. This document describes the public release of the GHSL Data Package 2019 (GHS P2019)., JRC.E.1-Disaster Risk Management

The Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Centres Database (GHS-UCDB) is the most complete database on cities to date, publicly released as an open and free dataset - GHS STAT UCDB2015MT GLOBE R2019A V1.0. The database represents the global status on Urban Centres in 2015 by offering cities location, their extent (surface, shape), and describing each city with a set of geographical, socio-economic and environmental attributes, many of them going back 25 or even 40 years in time. Urban Centres are defined in a consistent way across geographical locations and over time, applying the “Global Definition of Cities and Settlements” developed by the European Union to the Global Human Settlement Layer Built-up (GHS-BUILT) areas and Population (GHS-POP) grids. This report contains the description of the dimensions and the derived attributes that characterise the Urban Centres in the database. The document includes notes about methodology and sources. The GHS-UCDB contains information for more than 10,000 Urban Centres and it is the baseline data of the analytical results presented in the Atlas of the Human Planet 2018., JRC.E.1-Disaster Risk Management

The Atlas of the Human Planet 2019 presents key human settlements and urbanisation statistics for 239 countries based on the progress made towards the development of a people-based global harmonised definition of cities and rural areas. Figures and statistics presented in the Atlas 2019 are the result of massive automatic big data processing carried out at the European Commission Directorate General Joint Research Centre in the framework of the Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) combining satellite imagery and census information to map settlements, understand their characteristics, and report about their changes over 40 years’ time (1975 – 2015). The Atlas explains the fundamentals of the GHSL, and the service it provides to upscale to the globe the Degree of Urbanisation method (currently adopted as European Union Regulation). Based on the global application of the method the Atlas presents a global urbanisation brief, a commented series of highlights on global human settlement development trajectories, supported by 239 urbanisation briefs, which form the knowledge base for the next generation of urban and territorial policy, development and cooperation action, and global reporting on progress made towards meeting the Sustainable Development Goals and the 2030 Development Agenda as a whole., JRC.E.1-Disaster Risk Management

Urban transformation is an emerging topic in recent years and its socio-economical and environmental impacts have become increasingly evident to scientists and policymakers. The ability to analyse and understand this process was limited by the lack of comprehensive datasets and formalised methodologies. The Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) suite accommodates this need by providing worldwide, multi-epoch information on human settlements. In particular, the GHSL suite includes three main layers that map built-up density (GHS-BUILT), population density (GHS-POP) and human settlements (GHS-SMOD). These grid-based layers are produced in a consistent and harmonised way for four epochs (1975-1990-2000-2015) allowing the comparison between different periods. In this technical report, we present a formalised methodology (workflow) to characterise and analyse the dynamics of settlements. This workflow proposes a taxonomy of all possible GHS-SMOD classification combinations between two epochs; it quantifies and analyses changes of built-up surface and population density in each taxonomical class. We show the workflow capability by using the region of New York (United States of America) as a case study. The presented workflow has a direct application to characterise urban dynamics using the GHSL. Such approach supports the assessment of urbanization processes, by monitoring urban expansion, contraction and rural-urban transitions, and by measuring sustainable urban development metrics. The application of this workflow allows taking into account, both and separately, the net and the gross change in built-up surface and population density within a urban settlement evolution. Moreover, the application of this workflow to the GHSL suite benefits of the full ranges of GHSL features (global coverage, data consistency and open and free data format)., JRC.E.1-Disaster Risk Management

This paper describes two augmented nylon-string guitar projects developed in different institutions. GuitarAMI uses sensors to modify the classical guitars constraints while GuiaRT uses digital signal processing to create virtual guitarists that interact with the performer in real-time. After a bibliographic review of Augmented Musical Instruments (AMIs) based on guitars, we present the details of the two projects and compare them using an adapted dimensional space representation. Highlighting the complementarity and cross-influences between the projects, we propose avenues for future collaborative work.

The GEO Human Planet Initiative is committed to developing a new generation of measurements and information products that provide new scientific evidence and a comprehensive understanding of the human presence on the planet and that can support global policy processes with agreed, actionable and goal-driven metrics. The Human Planet Initiative relies on a core set of partners committed in coordinating the production of the global settlement spatial baseline data, and an enlarged community of partners developing experimental activities on using the new baseline data for derived post-2015 indicators. One of the core partners is the European Commission, Directorate General Joint Research Centre, Global Human Settlement Layer project. The Global Human Settlement Layer project produces global spatial information, evidence-based analytics, and knowledge describing the human presence in the planet. This document describes the Community pre-Release of the GHSL Data Package 2018 - GHS CR2018 - created for the members of the GEO Human Planet Initiative. The data in this data package have the purpose to gather feedbacks from the GEO Human Planet Initiative community, in preparation for the public release of these data. Disclaimer: the data included in the Community Pre-Release of the GHSL Data Package 2018 should be considered preliminary and not yet validated. It may differ substantially with the data that will be included in the public final Release 2018. The JRC data are provided "as is" and "as available" in conformity with the JRC Data Policy1 and the Commission Decision on reuse of Commission documents (2011/833/EU). Although the JRC guarantees its best effort in assuring quality when publishing these data, it provides them without any warranty of warranty of any kind, either express or implied, including, but not limited to, any implied warranty against infringement of third parties' property rights, or merchantability, integration, satisfactory quality and fitness for a particular purpose. The JRC has no obligation to provide technical support or remedies for the data. The JRC does not represent or warrant that the data will be error free or uninterrupted, or that all non-conformities can or will be corrected, or that any data are accurate or complete, or that they are of a satisfactory technical or scientific quality. The JRC or as the case may be the European Commission shall not be held liable for any direct or indirect, incidental, consequential or other damages, including but not limited to the loss of data, loss of profits, or any other financial loss arising from the use of the JRC data, or inability to use them, even if the JRC is notified of the possibility of such damages., JRC.E.1-Disaster Risk Management

La acción de deslinde, regulada en los artículos 384 a 387 del Código Civil, se encuadra dentro de las acciones dirigidas a la protección de los derechos reales, y en concreto del derecho de propiedad. En el siguiente trabajo se tratarán distintos aspectos relacionados con la misma. Empezaremos con una aproximación a su concepto, así como también será tratado su origen y naturaleza, lo cual nos permitirá llegar a un análisis que nos facilitará la distinción con otras figuras afines como la acción reivindicatoria o la acción declarativa. Posteriormente trataremos su regulación dentro del Código Civil, así como en otras leyes, lo que nos posibilitará entrar a analizar los requisitos para poder ejercitarla. Por último, nos centraremos en los efectos derivados del ejercicio de la acción de deslinde., Grado en Derecho

The Atlas of the Human Planet 2018 describes the Urban Centre Database, which was produced in the framework of the Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) project by applying a global definition of cities and settlements to the GHSL data. The Atlas presents the key findings of the analysis of geographic, environmental and socio-economic variables that were gathered from free and open sources for each urban centre in the world., JRC.E.1-Disaster Risk Management