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Targeting refers to methods used to identify and select individuals for widening participation (WP) initiatives. Research mostly focuses on WP outcomes, policy and university perspectives. The targeting actions of school staff are under-researched. These actions are generally positioned as (non)-adherence to the intentions of WP initiatives and the resultant recommendations often over-simplify targeting within schools. This study, of school WP leads enacting targeting of a restricted number of pupils to participate in a WP initiative, addresses the school perspective research gaps. Holland and colleagues' lens of figured worlds (FWs) yields new insights into targeting which highlight the agency and contextually embedded professional judgement of school staff working to enhance aspiration and opportunity among pupils. Three examples illuminate contrasting targeting strategies, each underpinned by a combination of three interlinked drivers: principles, pragmatics, and predictions. Contextualised application of these strategies and drivers determines which few pupils, from many who could have been selected, enter the WP initiative's FW. These insights into pupil-level targeting provide a counter-narrative to deficit-oriented discourses, which could help universities to understand and value contextualised enactment of targeting by school staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Done well, ward rounds (WRs) promote effective, safe care and collaboration; but WR quality varies. An improvement-focused appreciative inquiry (AI) into a large intensive care unit's WR practices identified a pivotal axis of collaboration between the most senior medical role (the consultant) and the bedside nurse (BSN). This paper examines that axis of interprofessional collaboration (IPC) to deepen understanding of its implications. Data included ethnographic observations, interviews, and co-constructed AI with groups of staff. Four key concepts emerged from cyclical interpretive analysis: "need," "presence," "ability" and "willingness." BSNs and consultants needed the interprofessional WR to enable their work; WR effectiveness was affected by whether they were both present, then able and willing to participate in IPC. BSN presence was necessary for effective and efficient IPC between these key roles. Indirect contributions, based on prior exchanges with colleagues or through written notes, reduced the joint problem-solving through discussion and negotiation that characterizes IPC to less efficient asynchronous interprofessional coordination. Factors affecting "presence," "ability" and "willingness" are discussed alongside potential mitigations and acknowledgment of asymmetric power. Appreciative examination of interprofessional WRs identified mechanisms supporting and undermining effective WR IPC and the centrality of consultants' and BSNs' collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: We describe an example of simulation-based interprofessional continuing education, the multidisciplinary obstetric simulated emergency scenarios (MOSES) course, which was designed to enhance nontechnical skills among obstetric teams and, hence, improve patient safety. Participants' perceptions of MOSES courses, their learning, and the transfer of learning to clinical practice were examined. Methods: Participants included senior midwives, obstetricians, and obstetric anesthetists, including course faculty from 4 purposively selected delivery suites in England. Telephone or e-mail interviews with MOSES course participants and facilitators were conducted, and video-recorded debriefings that formed integral parts of this 1-day course were analyzed. Results: The team training was well received. Participants were able to check out assumptions and expectations of others and develop respect for different roles within the delivery suite (DS) team. Skillful facilitation of debriefing after each scenario was central to learning. Participants reported acquiring new knowledge or insights, particularly concerning the role of communication and leadership in crisis situations, and they rehearsed unfamiliar skills. Observing peers working in the simulations increased participants' learning by highlighting alternative strategies. The learning achieved by individuals and groups was noticeably dependent on their starting points. Some participants identified limited changes in their behavior in the workplace following the MOSES course. Mechanisms to manage the transfer of learning to the wider team were weakly developed, although 2 DS teams made changes to their regular update training. Discussion: Interprofessional, team-based simulations promote new learning. (Contains 2 tables.)

A British nursing school's version of the Objective Structured Clinical Examination is a process for assessing clinical skills in the context of holistic patient care. Students work with one simulated patient at one station, demonstrating competence in a sample of skills. (SK)

In a clinical skills center, nurses, doctors, and specialists helped nursing and medical students develop clinical and communication skills in the context of holistic patient care. Two aspects of the format received high ratings: realistic patient scenarios and interdisciplinary team teaching. (SK)