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1. Broadband Multi-wavelength Properties of M87 during the 2018 EHT Campaign including a Very High Energy Flaring Episode

Author: Algaba, J. C., Balokovic, M., Chandra, S., Cheong, W. Y., Cui, Y. Z., D'Ammando, F., Falcone, A. D., Ford, N. M., Giroletti, M., Goddi, C., Gurwell, M. A., Hada, K., Haggard, D., Jorstad, S., Kaur, A., Kawashima, T., Kerby, S., Kim, J. Y., Kino, M., Kravchenko, E. V., Lee, S. S., Lu, R. S., Markoff, S., Michail, J., Neilsen, J., Nowak, M. A., Principe, G., Ramakrishnan, V., Ripperda, B., Sasada, M., Savchenko, S. S., Sheridan, C., Akiyama, K., Alberdi, A., Alef, W., Anantua, R., Asada, K., Azulay, R., Bach, U., Baczko, A. -K., Ball, D., Bandyopadhyay, B., Barrett, J., Bauböck, M., Benson, B. A., Bintley, D., Blackburn, L., Blundell, R., Bouman, K. L., Bower, G. C., Boyce, H., Bremer, M., Brissenden, R., Britzen, S., Broderick, A. E., Broguiere, D., Bronzwaer, T., Bustamante, S., Carlstrom, J. E., Chael, A., Chan, C. -K., Chang, D. O., Chatterjee, K., Chatterjee, S., Chen, M. -T., Chen, Y., Cheng, X., Cho, I., Christian, P., Conroy, N. S., Conway, J. E., Crawford, T. M., Crew, G. B., Cruz-Osorio, A., Dahale, R., Davelaar, J., De Laurentis, M., Deane, R., Dempsey, J., Desvignes, G., Dexter, J., Dhruv, V., Dihingia, I. K., Doeleman, S. S., Dzib, S. A., Eatough, R. P., Emami, R., Falcke, H., Farah, J., Fish, V. L., Fomalont, E., Ford, H. A., Foschi, M., Fraga-Encinas, R., Freeman, W. T., Friberg, P., Fromm, C. M., Fuentes, A., Galison, P., Gammie, C. F., García, R., Gentaz, O., Georgiev, B., Gold, R., Gómez-Ruiz, A. I., Gómez, J. L., Gu, M., Hesper, R., Heumann, D., Ho, L. C., Ho, P., Honma, M., Huang, C. -W. L., Huang, L., Hughes, D. H., Ikeda, S., Impellizzeri, C. M. V., Inoue, M., Issaoun, S., James, D. J., Jannuzi, B. T., Janssen, M., Jeter, B., Jiang, W., Jiménez-Rosales, A., Johnson, M. D., Jones, A. C., Joshi, A. V., Jung, T., Karuppusamy, R., Keating, G. K., Kettenis, M., Kim, D. -J., Kim, J., Koay, J. Y., Kocherlakota, P., Kofuji, Y., Koch, P. M., Koyama, S., Kramer, C., Kramer, J. A., Kramer, M., Krichbaum, T. P., Kuo, C. -Y., La Bella, N., Levis, A., Li, Z., Lico, R., Lindahl, G., Lindqvist, M., Lisakov, M., Liu, J., Liu, K., Liuzzo, E., Lo, W. -P., Lobanov, A. P., Loinard, L., Lonsdale, C. J., Lowitz, A. E., MacDonald, N. R., Mao, J., Marchili, N., Marrone, D. P., Marscher, A. P., Martí-Vidal, I., Matsushita, S., Matthews, L. D., Medeiros, L., Menten, K. M., Mizuno, I., Mizuno, Y., Montgomery, J., Moran, J. M., Moriyama, K., Moscibrodzka, M., Mulaudzi, W., Müller, C., Müller, H., Mus, A., Musoke, G., Myserlis, I., Nagai, H., Nagar, N. M., Nair, D. G., Nakamura, M., Narayanan, G., Natarajan, I., Nathanail, A., Fuentes, S. Navarro, Ni, C., Oh, J., Okino, H., Olivares, H., Oyama, T., Özel, F., Palumbo, D. C. M., Paraschos, G. Filippos, Park, J., Parsons, H., Patel, N., Pen, U. -L., Pesce, D. W., Piétu, V., PopStefanija, A., Porth, O., Prather, B., Psaltis, D., Pu, H. -Y., Rao, R., Rawlings, M. G., Raymond, A. W., Rezzolla, L., Ricarte, A., Roelofs, F., Romero-Cañizales, C., Ros, E., Roshanineshat, A., Rottmann, H., Roy, A. L., Ruiz, I., Ruszczyk, C., Rygl, K. L. J., Sánchez, S., Sánchez-Argüelles, D., Sánchez-Portal, M., Satapathy, K., Savolainen, T., Schloerb, F. P., Schonfeld, J., Schuster, K. -F., Shao, L., Shen, Z., Small, D., Sohn, B. W., SooHoo, J., Salas, L. D. Sosapanta, Souccar, K., Stanway, J. S., Sun, H., Tazaki, F., Tetarenko, A. J., Tiede, P., Tilanus, R. P. J., Titus, M., Toma, K., Torne, P., Toscano, T., Traianou, E., Trent, T., Trippe, S., Turk, M., van Bemmel, I., van Langevelde, H. J., van Rossum, D. R., Vos, J., Wagner, J., Ward-Thompson, D., Wardle, J., Washington, J. E., Weintroub, J., Wharton, R., Wielgus, M., Wiik, K., Witzel, G., Wondrak, M. F., Wong, G. N., Wu, Q., Yadlapalli, N., Yamaguchi, P., Yfantis, A., Yoon, D., Young, A., Younsi, Z., Yu, W., Yuan, F., Yuan, Y. -F., Zensus, J. A., Zhang, S., Zhao, G. -Y., Zhao, S. -S., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Bissaldi, E., Blandford, R. D., Bonino, R., Bruel, P., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Cavazzuti, E., Cheung, C. C., Ciprini, S., Orestano, P. Cristarella, Cutini, S., Di Lalla, N., Dinesh, A., Di Venere, L., Domínguez, A., Fegan, S. J., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasbarra, C., Germani, S., Giliberti, M., Grenier, I. A., Hays, E., Horan, D., Kuss, M., Larsson, S., Liodakis, I., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Maldera, S., Mazziotta, M. N., Mereu, I., Michelson, P. F., Mirabal, N., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Negro, M., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Persic, M., Rainò, S., Rani, B., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Sánchez-Conde, M., Parkinson, P. M. Saz, Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Spinelli, P., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Torres, D. F., Zaharijas, G., Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Aschersleben, J., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Böttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Lavergne, M. de Bony, Borowska, J., Bouyahiaoui, M., Bradascio, F., Brose, R., Brown, A., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Casanova, S., Cecil, R., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chand, T., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Czerny, T., Dainotti, M., Dubus, F., Dumm, J., D'Urso, G., Drouhin, A., Durouchoux, P., Fabbian, D., Franczak, D., Funk, M., Gabanyi, J., Gaggero, G., Garcia, N., Geiger, A., Giorgi, M. G., Gleeson, S., Gonzalez, S., Gauthier, G. T., Grasso, P., Hovatta, T., Hyman, J., Kaaret, C., Kirk, D., Lal, S., Lesch, T. M., Lohmann, K., Massaro, C., Mayer, M., Meintjes, P. J., Miral, E., Mirra, A., Neronov, J., Padovani, E., Paccagnella, F., Parisi, E., Piotrowska, A., Pohl, S., Puga, G., Ramirez, L. R., Reville, S., Rowell, D. S., Rudge, M., Rybka, G., Schlenstedt, M. S., Seo, E. S., Svirski, J., Taylor, J. R., Torres, F., Tsujimoto, K., Tosti, F., Volpi, S., Walraven, N. A., Welker, L., Zietkiewicz, M., Abdalla, G., Aleva, C., Benkhali, H. A. Ait, Aldous, M., Amin, M., Aschieri, M. A., de Deus, E., Santos, J. de Los, Fontanot, D., Jorfi, S., Levens, P., Zwart, A. E. E., Oliviero, S., Puglisi, D., Thiel, M., Zaharijas, C., Amaral, F., Boella, L., Holincheck, L., Queiroz, R., Sofue, H., Tellis, G., Wagner, G., Wierzcholska, A., Zacharias, M., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zywucka, N., Abe, S., Abhir, J., Abhishek, A., Acciari, V. A., Aguasca-Cabot, A., Agudo, I., Aniello, T., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Arcaro, C., Artero, M., Asano, K., Babic, A., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Batkovic, I., Bautista, A., Baxter, J., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Bernete, J., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bosnjak, Z., Bronzini, E., Burelli, I., Busetto, G., Campoy-Ordaz, A., Carosi, A., Carosi, R., Carretero-Castrillo, M., Castro-Tirado, A. J., Cerasole, D., Ceribella, G., Chai, Y., Cifuentes, A., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Amico, G., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., de Menezes, R., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Mendez, C. Delgado, Di Pierro, F., Di Tria, R., Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Escudero, J., Fariña, L., Fattorini, A., Foffano, L., Font, L., Fröse, S., Fukami, S., López, R. J. García, Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Paiva, J. G. Giesbrecht, Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinovic, N., Gradetzke, T., Grau, R., Green, D., Green, J. G., Günther, P., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Heckmann, L., Llorente, J. Herrera, Hrupec, D., Imazawa, R., Ishio, K., Martínez, I. Jiménez, Jormanainen, J., Kayanoki, T., Kerszberg, D., Kluge, G. W., Kobayashi, Y., Kouch, P. M., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Laínez, M., Lamastra, A., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., López-Coto, R., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Lorini, A., Lyard, E., Fraga, B. Machado de Oliveira, Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mangano, S., Mannheim, K., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Martínez-Chicharro, M., Mas-Aguilar, A., Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., González, M. Molero, Molina, E., Mondal, H. A., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Nakamori, T., Nanci, C., Neustroev, V., Nickel, L., Rosillo, M. Nievas, Nigro, C., Nikolic, L., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Ekoume, T. Njoh, Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Okumura, A., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Peresano, M., Pihet, M., Pirola, G., Podobnik, F., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Priyadarshi, C., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Saturni, F. G., Schmidt, K., Schmuckermaier, F., Schubert, J. L., Schweizer, T., Sciaccaluga, A., Silvestri, G., Sitarek, J., Sliusar, V., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strišković, J., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Suutarinen, S., Takahashi, M., Takeishi, R., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terauchi, K., Terzic, T., Teshima, M., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Ventura, S., Verna, G., Viale, I., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Walter, R., Will, M., Wunderlich, C., Yamamoto, T., Acharyya, A., Adams, C. B., Bangale, P., Bartkoske, J. T., Benbow, W., Christiansen, J. L., Duerr, A., Errando, M., Feng, Q., Foote, G. M., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Hanlon, W., Hervet, O., Hinrichs, C. E., Holder, J., Humensky, T. B., Jin, W., Johnson, M. N., Kaaret, P., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Kleiner, T. K., Korzoun, N., Krennrich, F., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Lundy, M., Maier, G., McGrath, C. E., Millard, M. J., Mooney, C. L., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Ning, W., O'Brien, S., Ong, R. A., Pohl, M., Pueschel, E., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Ribeiro, D., Roache, E., Ryan, J. L., Sadeh, I., Saha, L., Santander, M., Sembroski, G. H., Shang, R., Splettstoesser, M., Talluri, A. K., Tucci, J. V., Valverde, J., Vassiliev, V. V., Williams, D. A., Wong, S. L., Chen, Z., Cui, L., Hirota, T., Li, B., Li, G., Liu, Q., Liu, X., Liu, Z., Ma, J., Niinuma, K., Ro, H., Sakai, N., Sawada-Satoh, S., Wajima, K., Wang, J., Wang, N., Xia, B., Yan, H., Yonekura, Y., Zhang, H., Zhao, R., Zhong, W., group, The Event Horizon Telescope - Multi-wavelength science working, Collaboration, The Event Horizon Telescope, Collaboration, The Fermi Large Area Telescope, Collaboration, H. E. S. S., Collaboration, MAGIC, Collaboration, VERITAS, and Collaboration, EAVN
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: The nearby elliptical galaxy M87 contains one of the only two supermassive black holes whose emission surrounding the event horizon has been imaged by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). In 2018, more than two dozen multi-wavelength (MWL) facilities (from radio to gamma-ray energies) took part in the second M87 EHT campaign. The goal of this extensive MWL campaign was to better understand the physics of the accreting black hole M87*, the relationship between the inflow and inner jets, and the high-energy particle acceleration. Understanding the complex astrophysics is also a necessary first step towards performing further tests of general relativity. The MWL campaign took place in April 2018, overlapping with the EHT M87* observations. We present a new, contemporaneous spectral energy distribution (SED) ranging from radio to very high energy (VHE) gamma-rays, as well as details of the individual observations and light curves. We also conduct phenomenological modelling to investigate the basic source properties. We present the first VHE gamma-ray flare from M87 detected since 2010. The flux above 350 GeV has more than doubled within a period of about 36 hours. We find that the X-ray flux is enhanced by about a factor of two compared to 2017, while the radio and millimetre core fluxes are consistent between 2017 and 2018. We detect evidence for a monotonically increasing jet position angle that corresponds to variations in the bright spot of the EHT image. Our results show the value of continued MWL monitoring together with precision imaging for addressing the origins of high-energy particle acceleration. While we cannot currently pinpoint the precise location where such acceleration takes place, the new VHE gamma-ray flare already presents a challenge to simple one-zone leptonic emission model approaches, and emphasises the need for combined image and spectral modelling., Comment: 46 pages, 23 figures, accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysics on August. 29, 2024
Published: 2024
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2. Ordered magnetic fields around the 3C 84 central black hole

Author: Paraschos, G. F., Kim, J. -Y., Wielgus, M., Röder, J., Krichbaum, T. P., Ros, E., Agudo, I., Myserlis, I., Moscibrodzka, M., Traianou, E., Zensus, J. A., Blackburn, L., Chan, C. -K., Issaoun, S., Janssen, M., Johnson, M. D., Fish, V. L., Akiyama, K., Alberdi, A., Alef, W., Algaba, J. C., Anantua, R., Asada, K., Azulay, R., Bach, U., Baczko, A. -K., Ball, D., Baloković, M., Barrett, J., Bauböck, M., Benson, B. A., Bintley, D., Blundell, R., Bouman, K. L., Bower, G. C., Boyce, H., Bremer, M., Brinkerink, C. D., Brissenden, R., Britzen, S., Broderick, A. E., Broguiere, D., Bronzwaer, T., Bustamante, S., Byun, D. -Y., Carlstrom, J. E., Ceccobello, C., Chael, A., Chang, D. O., Chatterjee, K., Chatterjee, S., Chen, M. T., Chen, Y., Cheng, X., Cho, I., Christian, P., Conroy, N. S., Conway, J. E., Cordes, J. M., Crawford, T. M., Crew, G. B., Cruz-Osorio, A., Cui, Y., Dahale, R., Davelaar, J., De Laurentis, M., Deane, R., Dempsey, J., Desvignes, G., Dexter, J., Dhruv, V., Doeleman, S. S., Dougal, S., Dzib, S. A., Eatough, R. P., Emami, R., Falcke, H., Farah, J., Fomalont, E., Ford, H. A., Foschi, M., Fraga-Encinas, R., Freeman, W. T., Friberg, P., Fromm, C. M., Fuentes, A., Galison, P., Gammie, C. F., García, R., Gentaz, O., Georgiev, B., Goddi, C., Gold, R., Gómez-Ruiz, A. I., Gómez, J. L., Gu, M., Gurwell, M., Hada, K., Haggard, D., Haworth, K., Hecht, M. H., Hesper, R., Heumann, D., Ho, L. C., Ho, P., Honma, M., Huang, C. L., Huang, L., Hughes, D. H., Ikeda, S., Impellizzeri, C. M. V., Inoue, M., James, D. J., Jannuzi, B. T., Jeter, B., Jaing, W., Jiménez-Rosales, A., Jorstad, S., Joshi, A. V., Jung, T., Karami, M., Karuppusamy, R., Kawashima, T., Keating, G. K., Kettenis, M., Kim, D. -J., Kim, J., Kino, M., Koay, J. Y., Kocherlakota, P., Kofuji, Y., Koch, P. M., Koyama, S., Kramer, C., Kramer, J. A., Kramer, M., Kuo, C. -Y., La Bella, N., Lauer, T. R., Lee, D., Lee, S. -S., Leung, P. K., Levis, A., Li, Z., Lico, R., Lindahl, G., Lindqvist, M., Lisakov, M., Liu, J., Liu, K., Liuzzo, E., Lo, W. -P., Lobanov, A. P., Loinard, L., Lonsdale, C. J., Lowitz, A. E., Lu, R. -S., MacDonald, N. R., Mao, J., Marchili, N., Markoff, S., Marrone, D. P., Marscher, A. P., Martí-Vidal, I., Matsushita, S., Matthews, L. D., Medeiros, L., Menten, K. M., Michalik, D., Mizuno, I., Mizuno, Y., Moran, J. M., Moriyama, K., Mulaudzi, W., Müller, C., Müller, H., Mus, A., Musoke, G., Nadolski, A., Nagai, H., Nagar, N. M., Nakamura, M., Narayanan, G., Natarajan, I., Nathanail, A., Fuentes, S. Navarro, Neilsen, J., Neri, R., Ni, C., Noutsos, A., Nowak, M. A., Oh, J., Okino, H., Olivares, H., Ortiz-León, G. N., Oyama, T., Özel, F., Palumbo, D. C. M., Park, J., Parsons, H., Patel, N., Pen, U. -L., Piétu, V., Plambeck, R., PopStefanija, A., Porth, O., Pötzl, F. M., Prather, B., Preciado-López, J. A., Psaltis, D., Pu, H. -Y., Ramakrishnan, V., Rao, R., Rawlings, M. G., Raymond, A. W., Rezzolla, L., Ricarte, A., Ripperda, B., Roelofs, F., Rogers, A., Romero-Cañizales, C., Roshanineshat, A., Rottmann, H., Roy, A. L., Ruiz, I., Ruszczyk, C., Rygl, K. L. J., Sánchez, S., Sánchez-Argüelles, D., Sánchez-Portal, M., Sasada, M., Satapathy, K., Savolainen, T., Schloerb, F. P., Schonfeld, J., Schuster, K., Shao, L., Shen, Z., Small, D., Sohn, B. W., SooHoo, J., Salas, L. D. Sosapanta, Souccar, K., Sun, H., Tazaki, F., Tetarenko, A. J., Tiede, P., Tilanus, R. P. J., Titus, M., Torne, P., Toscano, T., Trent, T., Trippe, S., Turk, M., van Bemmel, I., van Langevelde, H. J., van Rossum, D. R., Vos, J., Wagner, J., Ward-Thompson, D., Wardle, J., Washington, J. E., Weintroub, J., Wharton, R., Wiik, K., Witzel, G., Wondrak, M. F., Wong, G. N., Wu, Q., Yadlapalli, N., Yamaguchi, P., Yfantis, A., Yoon, D., Young, A., Young, K., Younsi, Z., Yu, W., Yuan, F., Yuan, Y. -F., Zhang, S., Zhao, G. Y., and Zhao, S. -S.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: 3C84 is a nearby radio source with a complex total intensity structure, showing linear polarisation and spectral patterns. A detailed investigation of the central engine region necessitates the use of VLBI above the hitherto available maximum frequency of 86GHz. Using ultrahigh resolution VLBI observations at the highest available frequency of 228GHz, we aim to directly detect compact structures and understand the physical conditions in the compact region of 3C84. We used EHT 228GHz observations and, given the limited (u,v)-coverage, applied geometric model fitting to the data. We also employed quasi-simultaneously observed, multi-frequency VLBI data for the source in order to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the core structure. We report the detection of a highly ordered, strong magnetic field around the central, SMBH of 3C84. The brightness temperature analysis suggests that the system is in equipartition. We determined a turnover frequency of $\nu_m=(113\pm4)$GHz, a corresponding synchrotron self-absorbed magnetic field of $B_{SSA}=(2.9\pm1.6)$G, and an equipartition magnetic field of $B_{eq}=(5.2\pm0.6)$G. Three components are resolved with the highest fractional polarisation detected for this object ($m_\textrm{net}=(17.0\pm3.9)$%). The positions of the components are compatible with those seen in low-frequency VLBI observations since 2017-2018. We report a steeply negative slope of the spectrum at 228GHz. We used these findings to test models of jet formation, propagation, and Faraday rotation in 3C84. The findings of our investigation into different flow geometries and black hole spins support an advection-dominated accretion flow in a magnetically arrested state around a rapidly rotating supermassive black hole as a model of the jet-launching system in the core of 3C84. However, systematic uncertainties due to the limited (u,v)-coverage, however, cannot be ignored., Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures, published in A&A
Published: 2024
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3. The Physiology of Perception

Author: Freeman, W. J.
Subjects: Neuroscience: Neural Modelling, Neural Modelling
Abstract: The brain transforms sensory messages into conscious perceptions almost instantly. Chaotic, collective activity involving millions of neurons seems essential for such rapid recognition.
Published: 1991

4. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Dose-Escalation Safety and Tolerability Trial

Author: Durand, Nisha C., Kim, H. G., Patel, Vishal N., Turnbull, Marion T., Siegel, Jason L., Hodge, David O., Tawk, Rabih G., Meschia, James F., Freeman, W. David, and Zubair, Abba C.
Published: 2024
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5. The eSAH score: a simple practical predictive model for SAH mortality and outcomes

Author: Sharma, Rohan, Mandl, Daniel, Föttinger, Fabian, Salman, Saif D., Godasi, Raja, Wei, Yujia, Tawk, Rabih G., and Freeman, W. David
Published: 2024
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6. Nimodipine-associated standard dose reductions and neurologic outcomes after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: the era of pharmacogenomics

Author: Vázquez-Medina, Adriana, Turnbull, Marion T., James, Courtney L., Cowart, Jennifer B., Lesser, Elizabeth, Carter, Rickey E., Ross, Owen A., Miller, David A., Meschia, James F., De Jesús Espinosa, Aixa, Weinshilboum, Richard, and Freeman, W. David
Published: 2024
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7. Urine kidney injury molecule-1 predicts subclinical kidney disease among persons living with HIV initiating tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-based ART in Zambia

Author: Freeman W. Chabala, Edward D. Siew, C. William Wester, Alana T. Brennan, Masauso M. Phiri, Michael J. Vinikoor, Sepiso K. Masenga, and Muktar H. Aliyu
Subjects: kidney injury molecule-1, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, acute kidney injury, HIV, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-associated nephrotoxicity, Zambia, Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC870-923
Abstract: IntroductionAntiretroviral therapy (ART) increases the life expectancy of persons living with HIV (PLWH), but not without potentially serious adverse effects. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) can cause nephrotoxicity, manifesting as acute kidney injury (AKI) that may persist after treatment discontinuation. Kidney injury biomarkers such as kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP-4), interleukin-18 (IL-18), and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) can aid early diagnosis and predict TDF-associated nephrotoxicity. This study aimed to determine whether the change from baseline in urine KIM-1 (δKIM-1) and NGAL (δNGAL) following 2 weeks of TDF use could predict subclinical TDF-associated nephrotoxicity before the overt manifestation as acute kidney disease after 3 months.MethodsA prospective cohort study of 205 PLWH was conducted at the Adult Center for Infectious Disease Research (AIDC) in Lusaka, Zambia. ART-naïve PLWH who were starting treatment with TDF with intact kidney function [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)> 60 mL/min/1.73m2] were followed at initiation, 2 weeks, and approximately 3 months to determine the incidence of TDF-associated nephrotoxicity. We measured urine KIM-1 and NGAL at baseline and after 2 weeks of treatment to determine if it predicted subclinical nephrotoxicity. The presence of TDF-associated nephrotoxicity was defined according to the established acute kidney disease and disorders criteria (AKD) as having either 1) one or more episodes of eGFR< 60ml/min/1.73m2 within 3 months, 2) a reduction in eGFR of greater than 35% (from baseline) within 3 months, and/or 3) an increase in serum creatinine of more than 50% (from baseline) within 3 months.ResultsThe incidence of TDF-associated nephrotoxicity was 22%. Baseline eGFR, creatinine, age, female sex, and BMI predicted the risk of overt TDF-associated nephrotoxicity. The median baseline KIM-1-to-creatinine and NGAL-1-to-creatinine ratios of the participants who developed overt TDF-associated nephrotoxicity and those who did not were not significantly different. However, every 1 pg/mg increase in δKIM-1 was associated with a 41% higher risk of TDF-associated nephrotoxicity. No association was observed with δNGAL.ConclusionsThe incidence of TDF-associated nephrotoxicity was high. Change in KIM-1 level within 2 weeks of the initiation of TDF treatment predicted subclinical TDF-associated nephrotoxicity before overt manifestation as acute kidney disease while δNGAL within the same period did not predict subclinical TDF-associated nephrotoxicity.
Published: 2025
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8. Asymptomatic carriage of intestinal protists is common in children in Lusaka Province, Zambia.

Author: Mable Mutengo, Michaela Kaduková, Namwiinga R Mulunda, Freeman W Chabala, Alejandro Dashti, Kyoko Hayashida, Stanley Chinyanta, Kelly Chisanga, Lourdes Castro, Sergio Sánchez, James Mwansa, Pamela C Köster, David González-Barrio, Jenny G Maloney, Mónica Santín, Javier Sotillo, and David Carmena
Subjects: Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: BackgroundPCR-based screenings on the presence of diarrhoea-causing intestinal protist species are limited in Zambia, resulting in inaccurate current prevalence and epidemiological data. Sensitive PCR-based methods are particularly well suited for detecting subclinical infections in apparently healthy carriers.MethodologyIn this prospective cross-sectional study, we investigated the occurrence of the most common intestinal protists in an apparently healthy paediatric population (5-18 years) in Lusaka Province, Zambia. We collected single stool samples (n = 256) and epidemiological questionnaires on demographics, behavioural habits, drinking water and toilet access from participating children. We used PCR for the initial screening of samples for the presence of intestinal protist species and Sanger and next-generation sequencing for genotyping. We conducted statistical analyses to assess the association of the gathered variables with an increased likelihood of the investigated pathogens.Principal findingsBlastocystis sp. was the most prevalent intestinal protist found (37.9%, 97/256; 95% CI: 31.9-44.1), followed by Giardia duodenalis (30.9%, 79/256; 95% CI: 25.3-36.90), Entamoeba dispar (13.3%, 34/256; 95% CI: 9.4-18.1), and Cryptosporidium spp. (4.3%, 11/256, 95% CI: 2.2-7.6). Entamoeba histolytica was not detected. Based on Sanger sequencing results, subtypes ST2 (44.3%, 43/97), ST1 (35.1%, 34/97), and ST3 (20.6%, 20/97) were identified within Blastocystis sp. and assemblages B (71.0%), A+B (16.1%), and A (12.9%) within G. duodenalis. Cryptosporidium parvum (81.8%) and C. hominis (18.2%) were the only two Cryptosporidium species found. Living in the Kafue District was positively associated with higher infection rates by G. duodenalis and Blastocystis sp. Schoolchildren living in Chongwe District were more likely to be infected by Cryptosporidium spp.Conclusions/significanceIntestinal protist infection/colonization is a common finding in apparently healthy children in Lusaka Province, Zambia. Asymptomatic carriers may play an underestimated role as spreaders of gastrointestinal parasitic infections. This study improves our current understanding of the epidemiology of diarrhoea-causing protists in Zambia and sub-Saharan Africa and indicates that the role of asymptomatic carriers of gastrointestinal parasites in transmission should be further explored.
Published: 2024
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9. Measurement of Cortical Evoked Potentials by Decomposition of their Wave Forms

Author: Freeman, W. J.
Subjects: Neuroscience: Neural Modelling, Neural Modelling
Abstract: Evoked potentials are used for measurement of dynamic events in the nervous system that accompany and are related to defined sequences of behavior. The usual raw data are recordings of potential differences in or around the central nervous system that fluctuate in amplitude over limited time spans during behavior. The purpose of the study is to detect, describe and classify particular states of the brain that underlie normal and abnormal patterns of behavior, especially those involving higher functions such as perception, learning, cognition, and so forth. The basic approach is to measure the recordings of the potential differences in order to express the information in them by sets of numbers. Description, classification, comparison, correlation, etc., by a variety of statistical techniques are all based on the numbers.
Published: 1979

10. Distribution in time and space of prepyriform electrical activity

Author: Freeman, W. J.
Subjects: Neuroscience: Neural Modelling, Neural Modelling
Abstract: IN A PREVIOUS STUDY (9) evidence was found that a large proportion of the spontaneous electrical activity recorded from the basal forebrain of the anesthetized cat was generated bilaterally by the prepyriform cortex, not by the subcortical structures in which the recording electrodes were located. This finding raised the question of how the oscillating potentials of the brain are transmitted, i.e., to what extent the spread of EEG activity is due (i) to continuous spread of membrane depolarization along axonal or dendritic fibers; (ii) to the formation of intracellular?extracellular current loops such as occur on a shorter time scale in peripheral nerve, with instantaneous field distribution of the current through the brain; and (iii) to successive activation of contiguous cells. To approach this question a study was made of the nature of the various wave forms generated by the prepyriform cortex and of their rates, directions, and distances of spread in and around the cortex.
Published: 1958

11. Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Pipeline Embolization Device in Anterior and Posterior Circulation Aneurysms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author: Greco, Elena, Ghaith, Abdul Karim A., Rios-Zermeno, Jorge, Ghanem, Marc, Perez-Vega, Carlos, Kashyap, Samir, Freeman, W. David, Miller, David A., Huynh, Thien J., Bydon, Mohamad, Middlebrooks, Erik H., Sandhu, Sukhwinder J.S., and Tawk, Rabih G.
Published: 2024
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12. Design Galleries: A General Approach to Setting Parameters for Computer Graphics and Animation

Author: Marks, J., primary, Andalman, B., additional, Beardsley, P.A., additional, Freeman, W., additional, Gibson, S., additional, Hodgins, J., additional, Kang, T., additional, Mirtich, B., additional, Pfister, H., additional, Ruml, W., additional, Ryall, K., additional, Seims, J., additional, and Shieber, S., additional
Published: 2023
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13. Artificial intelligence and machine learning in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: Future promises, perils, and practicalities

Author: Salman, Saif, Gu, Qiangqiang, Sharma, Rohan, Wei, Yujia, Dherin, Benoit, Reddy, Sanjana, Tawk, Rabih, and Freeman, W. David
Published: 2023
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14. Urine kidney injury molecule-1 predicts subclinical kidney disease among persons living with HIV initiating tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-based ART in Zambia.

Author: Chabala, Freeman W., Siew, Edward D., Wester, C. William, Brennan, Alana T., Phiri, Masauso M., Vinikoor, Michael J., Masenga, Sepiso K., and Aliyu, Muktar H.
Published: 2025
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15. Seizures in the Intensive Care Unit

Author: Siegel, Jason, Freeman, W. David, Tatum, William O., editor, Sirven, Joseph I., editor, and Cascino, Gregory D., editor
Published: 2021
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16. The Double-Edged Sword of Seizures and Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus on Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Outcomes

Author: Freeman, W. David
Published: 2022
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17. Finite volume effects on the electric polarizability of neutral hadrons in lattice QCD

Author: Lujan, M., Alexandru, A., Freeman, W., and Lee, F. X.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract: We study the finite volume effects on the electric polarizability for the neutron, neutral pion, and neutral kaon using eight dynamically generated two-flavor nHYP-clover ensembles at two different pion masses: 306(1) and 227(2) MeV. An infinite volume extrapolation is performed for each hadron at both pion masses. For the neutral kaon, finite volume effects are relatively mild. The dependence on the quark mass is also mild and a reliable chiral extrapolation can be performed along with the infinite volume extrapolation. Our result is $\alpha_{K^0}^\mbox{phys}=0.356(74) \times 10^{-4} \mbox{fm}^3$. In contrast, for neutron the electric polarizability depends strongly on the volume. After removing the finite volume corrections, our neutron polarizability results are in good agreement with $\chi$PT. For the connected part of the neutral pion polarizability, the negative trend persists, and it is not due to finite volume effects, but likely sea quark charging effects., Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, 6 tables. Version to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Published: 2016
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18. Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Common yet Disproportionately Deadly Stroke Subtype

Author: O’Carroll, Cumara B., Brown, Benjamin L., and Freeman, W. David
Published: 2021
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19. Platforms for Personalized Polytherapeutics Discovery in COVID-19

Author: Hopkins, Christopher, Onweni, Chidinma, Zambito, Victoria, Fairweather, DeLisa, McCormick, Kathryn, Ebihara, Hideki, Caulfield, Thomas, Zhang, Yu Shrike, and Freeman, W. David
Published: 2021
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20. Robotics in Simulated COVID-19 Patient Room for Health Care Worker Effector Tasks: Preliminary, Feasibility Experiments

Author: Freeman, W. David, Sanghavi, Devang K., Sarab, Masood S., Kindred, Mary S., Dieck, Elizabeth M., Brown, Suzanne M., Szambelan, Tom, Doty, Justin, Ball, Brendan, Felix, Heidi M., Dove, Jesse C., Mallea, Jorge M., Soares, Christy, and Simon, Leslie V.
Published: 2021
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21. First measurement of muon-neutrino disappearance in NOvA

Author: Adamson, P., Ader, C., Andrews, M., Anfimov, N., Anghel, I., Arms, K., Arrieta-Diaz, E., Aurisano, A., Ayres, D., Backhouse, C., Baird, M., Bambah, B. A., Bays, K., Bernstein, R., Betancourt, M., Bhatnagar, V., Bhuyan, B., Bian, J., Biery, K., Blackburn, T., Bocean, V., Bogert, D., Bolshakova, A., Bowden, M., Bower, C., Broemmelsiek, D., Bromberg, C., Brunetti, G., Bu, X., Butkevich, A., Capista, D., Catano-Mur, E., Chase, T. R., Childress, S., Choudhary, B. C., Chowdhury, B., Coan, T. E., Coelho, J. A. B., Colo, M., Cooper, J., Corwin, L., Cronin-Hennessy, D., Cunningham, A., Davies, G. S., Davies, J. P., Del Tutto, M., Derwent, P. F., Deepthi, K. N., Demuth, D., Desai, S., Deuerling, G., Devan, A., Dey, J., Dharmapalan, R., Ding, P., Dixon, S., Djurcic, Z., Dukes, E. C., Duyang, H., Ehrlich, R., Feldman, G. J., Felt, N., Fenyves, E. J., Flumerfelt, E., Foulkes, S., Frank, M. J., Freeman, W., Gabrielyan, M., Gallagher, H. R., Gebhard, M., Ghosh, T., Gilbert, W., Giri, A., Goadhouse, S., Gomes, R. A., Goodenough, L., Goodman, M. C., Grichine, V., Grossman, N., Group, R., Grudzinski, J., Guarino, V., Guo, B., Habig, A., Handler, T., Hartnell, J., Hatcher, R., Hatzikoutelis, A., Heller, K., Howcroft, C., Huang, J., Huang, X., Hylen, J., Ishitsuka, M., Jediny, F., Jensen, C., Jensen, D., Johnson, C., Jostlein, H., Kafka, G. K., Kamyshkov, Y., Kasahara, S. M. S., Kasetti, S., Kephart, K., Koizumi, G., Kotelnikov, S., Kourbanis, I., Krahn, Z., Kravtsov, V., Kreymer, A., Kulenberg, Ch., Kumar, A., Kutnink, T., Kwarciancy, R., Kwong, J., Lang, K., Lee, A., Lee, W. M., Lee, K., Lein, S., Liu, J., Lokajicek, M., Lozier, J., Lu, Q., Lucas, P., Luchuk, S., Lukens, P., Lukhanin, G., Magill, S., Maan, K., Mann, W. A., Marshak, M. L., Martens, M., Martincik, J., Mason, P., Matera, K., Mathis, M., Matveev, V., Mayer, N., McCluskey, E., Mehdiyev, R., Merritt, H., Messier, M. D., Meyer, H., Miao, T., Michael, D., Mikheyev, S. P., Miller, W. H., Mishra, S. R., Mohanta, R., Moren, A., Mualem, L., Muether, M., Mufson, S., Musser, J., Newman, H. B., Nelson, J. K., Niner, E., Norman, A., Nowak, J., Oksuzian, Y., Olshevskiy, A., Oliver, J., Olson, T., Paley, J., Pandey, P., Para, A., Patterson, R. B., Pawloski, G., Pearson, N., Perevalov, D., Pershey, D., Peterson, E., Petti, R., Phan-Budd, S., Piccoli, L., Pla-Dalmau, A., Plunkett, R. K., Poling, R., Potukuchi, B., Psihas, F., Pushka, D., Qiu, X., Raddatz, N., Radovic, A., Rameika, R. A., Ray, R., Rebel, B., Rechenmacher, R., Reed, B., Reilly, R., Rocco, D., Rodkin, D., Ruddick, K., Rusack, R., Ryabov, V., Sachdev, K., Sahijpal, S., Sahoo, H., Samoylov, O., Sanchez, M. C., Saoulidou, N., Schlabach, P., Schneps, J., Schroeter, R., Sepulveda-Quiroz, J., Shanahan, P., Sherwood, B., Sheshukov, A., Singh, J., Singh, V., Smith, A., Smith, D., Smolik, J., Solomey, N., Sotnikov, A., Sousa, A., Soustruznik, K., Stenkin, Y., Strait, M., Suter, L., Talaga, R. L., Tamsett, M. C., Tariq, S., Tas, P., Tesarek, R. J., Thayyullathil, R. B., Thomsen, K., Tian, X., Tognini, S. C., Toner, R., Trevor, J., Tzanakos, G., Urheim, J., Vahle, P., Valerio, L., Vinton, L., Vrba, T., Waldron, A. V., Wang, B., Wang, Z., Weber, A., Wehmann, A., Whittington, D., Wilcer, N., Wildberger, R., Wildman, D., Williams, K., Wojcicki, S. G., Wood, K., Xiao, M., Xin, T., Yadav, N., Yang, S., Zadorozhnyy, S., Zalesak, J., Zamorano, B., Zhao, A., Zirnstein, J., and Zwaska, R.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: This paper reports the first measurement using the NOvA detectors of $\nu_\mu$ disappearance in a $\nu_\mu$ beam. The analysis uses a 14 kton-equivalent exposure of $2.74 \times 10^{20}$ protons-on-target from the Fermilab NuMI beam. Assuming the normal neutrino mass hierarchy, we measure $\Delta m^{2}_{32}=(2.52^{+0.20}_{-0.18})\times 10^{-3}$ eV$^{2}$ and $\sin^2\theta_{23}$ in the range 0.38-0.65, both at the 68% confidence level, with two statistically-degenerate best fit points at $\sin^2\theta_{23} = $ 0.43 and 0.60. Results for the inverted mass hierarchy are also presented., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures. Submitted to Phys. Rev. D Rapid Communications
Published: 2016
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22. First measurement of electron neutrino appearance in NOvA

Author: Adamson, P., Ader, C., Andrews, M., Anfimov, N., Anghel, I., Arms, K., Arrieta-Diaz, E., Aurisano, A., Ayres, D. S., Backhouse, C., Baird, M., Bambah, B. A., Bays, K., Bernstein, R., Betancourt, M., Bhatnagar, V., Bhuyan, B., Bian, J., Biery, K., Blackburn, T., Bocean, V., Bogert, D., Bolshakova, A., Bowden, M., Bower, C., Broemmelsiek, D., Bromberg, C., Brunetti, G., Bu, X., Butkevich, A., Capista, D., Catano-Mur, E., Chase, T. R., Childress, S., Choudhary, B. C., Chowdhury, B., Coan, T. E., Coelho, J. A. B., Colo, M., Cooper, J., Corwin, L., Cronin-Hennessy, D., Cunningham, A., Davies, G. S., Davies, J. P., Del Tutto, M., Derwent, P. F., Deepthi, K. N., Demuth, D., Desai, S., Deuerling, G., Devan, A., Dey, J., Dharmapalan, R., Ding, P., Dixon, S., Djurcic, Z., Dukes, E. C., Duyang, H., Ehrlich, R., Feldman, G. J., Felt, N., Fenyves, E. J., Flumerfelt, E., Foulkes, S., Frank, M. J., Freeman, W., Gabrielyan, M., Gallagher, H. R., Gebhard, M., Ghosh, T., Gilbert, W., Giri, A., Goadhouse, S., Gomes, R. A., Goodenough, L., Goodman, M. C., Grichine, V., Grossman, N., Group, R., Grudzinski, J., Guarino, V., Guo, B., Habig, A., Handler, T., Hartnell, J., Hatcher, R., Hatzikoutelis, A., Heller, K., Howcroft, C., Huang, J., Huang, X., Hylen, J., Ishitsuka, M., Jediny, F., Jensen, C., Jensen, D., Johnson, C., Jostlein, H., Kafka, G. K., Kamyshkov, Y., Kasahara, S. M. S., Kasetti, S., Kephart, K., Koizumi, G., Kotelnikov, S., Kourbanis, I., Krahn, Z., Kravtsov, V., Kreymer, A., Kulenberg, Ch., Kumar, A., Kutnink, T., Kwarciancy, R., Kwong, J., Lang, K., Lee, A., Lee, W. M., Lee, K., Lein, S., Liu, J., Lokajicek, M., Lozier, J., Lu, Q., Lucas, P., Luchuk, S., Lukens, P., Lukhanin, G., Magill, S., Maan, K., Mann, W. A., Marshak, M. L., Martens, M., Martincik, J., Mason, P., Matera, K., Mathis, M., Matveev, V., Mayer, N., McCluskey, E., Mehdiyev, R., Merritt, H., Messier, M. D., Meyer, H., Miao, T., Michael, D., Mikheyev, S. P., Miller, W. H., Mishra, S. R., Mohanta, R., Moren, A., Mualem, L., Muether, M., Mufson, S., Musser, J., Newman, H. B., Nelson, J. K., Niner, E., Norman, A., Nowak, J., Oksuzian, Y., Olshevskiy, A., Oliver, J., Olson, T., Paley, J., Pandey, P., Para, A., Patterson, R. B., Pawloski, G., Pearson, N., Perevalov, D., Pershey, D., Peterson, E., Petti, R., Phan-Budd, S., Piccoli, L., Pla-Dalmau, A., Plunkett, R. K., Poling, R., Potukuchi, B., Psihas, F., Pushka, D., Qiu, X., Raddatz, N., Radovic, A., Rameika, R. A., Ray, R., Rebel, B., Rechenmacher, R., Reed, B., Reilly, R., Rocco, D., Rodkin, D., Ruddick, K., Rusack, R., Ryabov, V., Sachdev, K., Sahijpal, S., Sahoo, H., Samoylov, O., Sanchez, M. C., Saoulidou, N., Schlabach, P., Schneps, J., Schroeter, R., Sepulveda-Quiroz, J., Shanahan, P., Sherwood, B., Sheshukov, A., Singh, J., Singh, V., Smith, A., Smith, D., Smolik, J., Solomey, N., Sotnikov, A., Sousa, A., Soustruznik, K., Stenkin, Y., Strait, M., Suter, L., Talaga, R. L., Tamsett, M. C., Tariq, S., Tas, P., Tesarek, R. J., Thayyullathil, R. B., Thomsen, K., Tian, X., Tognini, S. C., Toner, R., Trevor, J., Tzanakos, G., Urheim, J., Vahle, P., Valerio, L., Vinton, L., Vrba, T., Waldron, A. V., Wang, B., Wang, Z., Weber, A., Wehmann, A., Whittington, D., Wilcer, N., Wildberger, R., Wildman, D., Williams, K., Wojcicki, S. G., Wood, K., Xiao, M., Xin, T., Yadav, N., Yang, S., Zadorozhnyy, S., Zalesak, J., Zamorano, B., Zhao, A., Zirnstein, J., and Zwaska, R.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We report results from the first search for $\nu_\mu\to\nu_e$ transitions by the NOvA experiment. In an exposure equivalent to $2.74\times10^{20}$ protons-on-target in the upgraded NuMI beam at Fermilab, we observe 6 events in the Far Detector, compared to a background expectation of $0.99\pm0.11$ (syst.) events based on the Near Detector measurement. A secondary analysis observes 11 events with a background of $1.07\pm0.14$ (syst.). The $3.3\sigma$ excess of events observed in the primary analysis disfavors $0.1\pi < \delta_{CP} < 0.5\pi$ in the inverted mass hierarchy at the 90% C.L., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures. Minor updates to match version accepted by journal
Published: 2016
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23. Predicting the Likelihood a DCD Donor Will Expire

Author: Ng, Lauren, Freeman, W. D., Wijdicks, Eelco F. M., Croome, Kristopher P., editor, Muiesan, Paolo, editor, and Taner, C. Burcin, editor
Published: 2020
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24. Three-tier stratification for CNS COVID-19 to help decide which patients should undergo lumbar puncture with CSF analysis: a case report and literature review

Author: Ramakrishna Jahanavi M., Libertin Claudia R., Siegel Jason, Binnicker Matthew J., Harris Dana, Matcha Gautam V., Caulfield Thomas, and Freeman W. D.
Subjects: covid-19, sars-cov-2, encephalitis, lumbar puncture, cerebral spinal fluid, Internal medicine, RC31-1245
Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic continues to overwhelm global healthcare systems. While the disease primarily causes pulmonary complications, reports of central nervous system (CNS) involvement have recently emerged ranging from encephalopathy to stroke. This raises a practical dilemma for clinicians as to when to pursue neuroimaging and lumbar tap with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis in COVID-19 patients with neurological symptoms. We present a case of an encephalopathic patient infected with SARS-CoV-2 with no pulmonary symptoms. We propose a three-tier risk stratification for CNS COVID-19 aiming to help clinicians to decide which patients should undergo CSF analysis. The neurological examination remains an integral component of screening and evaluating patients for COVID-19 considering the range of emerging CNS complications.
Published: 2021
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25. Can Baseline Computed Tomography Scans Be Used to Identify Patients at High Risk of Vision Loss due to Terson Syndrome?

Author: Stewart, Michael W., Hasan, Syed A., Collins, Christina, Stanko, Carlene, Summer, Jennifer, Brazis, Paul W., Tawk, Rabih, and Freeman, W. David
Published: 2020
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26. Ordered magnetic fields around the 3C 84 central black hole

Author: Paraschos, G. F., primary, Kim, J.-Y., additional, Wielgus, M., additional, Röder, J., additional, Krichbaum, T. P., additional, Ros, E., additional, Agudo, I., additional, Myserlis, I., additional, Moscibrodzka, M., additional, Traianou, E., additional, Zensus, J. A., additional, Blackburn, L., additional, Chan, C.-K., additional, Issaoun, S., additional, Janssen, M., additional, Johnson, M. D., additional, Fish, V. L., additional, Akiyama, K., additional, Alberdi, A., additional, Alef, W., additional, Algaba, J. C., additional, Anantua, R., additional, Asada, K., additional, Azulay, R., additional, Bach, U., additional, Baczko, A.-K., additional, Ball, D., additional, Baloković, M., additional, Barrett, J., additional, Bauböck, M., additional, Benson, B. A., additional, Bintley, D., additional, Blundell, R., additional, Bouman, K. L., additional, Bower, G. C., additional, Boyce, H., additional, Bremer, M., additional, Brinkerink, C. D., additional, Brissenden, R., additional, Britzen, S., additional, Broderick, A. E., additional, Broguiere, D., additional, Bronzwaer, T., additional, Bustamante, S., additional, Byun, D.-Y., additional, Carlstrom, J. E., additional, Ceccobello, C., additional, Chael, A., additional, Chang, D. O., additional, Chatterjee, K., additional, Chatterjee, S., additional, Chen, M. T., additional, Chen, Y., additional, Cheng, X., additional, Cho, I., additional, Christian, P., additional, Conroy, N. S., additional, Conway, J. E., additional, Cordes, J. M., additional, Crawford, T. M., additional, Crew, G. B., additional, Cruz-Osorio, A., additional, Cui, Y., additional, Dahale, R., additional, Davelaar, J., additional, De Laurentis, M., additional, Deane, R., additional, Dempsey, J., additional, Desvignes, G., additional, Dexter, J., additional, Dhruv, V., additional, Doeleman, S. S., additional, Dougal, S., additional, Dzib, S. A., additional, Eatough, R. P., additional, Emami, R., additional, Falcke, H., additional, Farah, J., additional, Fomalont, E., additional, Ford, H. A., additional, Foschi, M., additional, Fraga-Encinas, R., additional, Freeman, W. T., additional, Friberg, P., additional, Fromm, C. M., additional, Fuentes, A., additional, Galison, P., additional, Gammie, C. F., additional, García, R., additional, Gentaz, O., additional, Georgiev, B., additional, Goddi, C., additional, Gold, R., additional, Gómez-Ruiz, A. I., additional, Gómez, J. L., additional, Gu, M., additional, Gurwell, M., additional, Hada, K., additional, Haggard, D., additional, Haworth, K., additional, Hecht, M. H., additional, Hesper, R., additional, Heumann, D., additional, Ho, L. C., additional, Ho, P., additional, Honma, M., additional, Huang, C. L., additional, Huang, L., additional, Hughes, D. H., additional, Ikeda, S., additional, Impellizzeri, C. M. V., additional, Inoue, M., additional, James, D. J., additional, Jannuzi, B. T., additional, Jeter, B., additional, Jaing, W., additional, Jiménez-Rosales, A., additional, Jorstad, S., additional, Joshi, A. V., additional, Jung, T., additional, Karami, M., additional, Karuppusamy, R., additional, Kawashima, T., additional, Keating, G. K., additional, Kettenis, M., additional, Kim, D.-J., additional, Kim, J., additional, Kino, M., additional, Koay, J. Y., additional, Kocherlakota, P., additional, Kofuji, Y., additional, Koch, P. M., additional, Koyama, S., additional, Kramer, C., additional, Kramer, J. A., additional, Kramer, M., additional, Kuo, C.-Y., additional, La Bella, N., additional, Lauer, T. R., additional, Lee, D., additional, Lee, S.-S., additional, Leung, P. K., additional, Levis, A., additional, Li, Z., additional, Lico, R., additional, Lindahl, G., additional, Lindqvist, M., additional, Lisakov, M., additional, Liu, J., additional, Liu, K., additional, Liuzzo, E., additional, Lo, W.-P., additional, Lobanov, A. P., additional, Loinard, L., additional, Lonsdale, C. J., additional, Lowitz, A. E., additional, Lu, R.-S., additional, MacDonald, N. R., additional, Mao, J., additional, Marchili, N., additional, Markoff, S., additional, Marrone, D. P., additional, Marscher, A. P., additional, Martí-Vidal, I., additional, Matsushita, S., additional, Matthews, L. D., additional, Medeiros, L., additional, Menten, K. M., additional, Michalik, D., additional, Mizuno, I., additional, Mizuno, Y., additional, Moran, J. M., additional, Moriyama, K., additional, Mulaudzi, W., additional, Müller, C., additional, Müller, H., additional, Mus, A., additional, Musoke, G., additional, Nadolski, A., additional, Nagai, H., additional, Nagar, N. M., additional, Nakamura, M., additional, Narayanan, G., additional, Natarajan, I., additional, Nathanail, A., additional, Navarro Fuentes, S., additional, Neilsen, J., additional, Neri, R., additional, Ni, C., additional, Noutsos, A., additional, Nowak, M. A., additional, Oh, J., additional, Okino, H., additional, Olivares, H., additional, Ortiz-León, G. N., additional, Oyama, T., additional, Özel, F., additional, Palumbo, D. C. M., additional, Park, J., additional, Parsons, H., additional, Patel, N., additional, Pen, U.-L., additional, Piétu, V., additional, Plambeck, R., additional, PopStefanija, A., additional, Porth, O., additional, Pötzl, F. M., additional, Prather, B., additional, Preciado-López, J. A., additional, Psaltis, D., additional, Pu, H.-Y., additional, Ramakrishnan, V., additional, Rao, R., additional, Rawlings, M. G., additional, Raymond, A. W., additional, Rezzolla, L., additional, Ricarte, A., additional, Ripperda, B., additional, Roelofs, F., additional, Rogers, A., additional, Romero-Cañizales, C., additional, Roshanineshat, A., additional, Rottmann, H., additional, Roy, A. L., additional, Ruiz, I., additional, Ruszczyk, C., additional, Rygl, K. L. J., additional, Sánchez, S., additional, Sánchez-Argüelles, D., additional, Sánchez-Portal, M., additional, Sasada, M., additional, Satapathy, K., additional, Savolainen, T., additional, Schloerb, F. P., additional, Schonfeld, J., additional, Schuster, K., additional, Shao, L., additional, Shen, Z., additional, Small, D., additional, Sohn, B. W., additional, SooHoo, J., additional, Sosapanta Salas, L. D., additional, Souccar, K., additional, Sun, H., additional, Tazaki, F., additional, Tetarenko, A. J., additional, Tiede, P., additional, Tilanus, R. P. J., additional, Titus, M., additional, Torne, P., additional, Toscano, T., additional, Trent, T., additional, Trippe, S., additional, Turk, M., additional, van Bemmel, I., additional, van Langevelde, H. J., additional, van Rossum, D. R., additional, Vos, J., additional, Wagner, J., additional, Ward-Thompson, D., additional, Wardle, J., additional, Washington, J. E., additional, Weintroub, J., additional, Wharton, R., additional, Wiik, K., additional, Witzel, G., additional, Wondrak, M. F., additional, Wong, G. N., additional, Wu, Q., additional, Yadlapalli, N., additional, Yamaguchi, P., additional, Yfantis, A., additional, Yoon, D., additional, Young, A., additional, Young, K., additional, Younsi, Z., additional, Yu, W., additional, Yuan, F., additional, Yuan, Y.-F., additional, Zhang, S., additional, Zhao, G. Y., additional, and Zhao, S.-S., additional
Published: 2024
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27. First Measurement of Electron Neutrino Appearance in NOvA

Author: Adamson, P, Ader, C, Andrews, M, Anfimov, N, Anghel, I, Arms, K, Arrieta-Diaz, E, Aurisano, A, Ayres, DS, Backhouse, C, Baird, M, Bambah, BA, Bays, K, Bernstein, R, Betancourt, M, Bhatnagar, V, Bhuyan, B, Bian, J, Biery, K, Blackburn, T, Bocean, V, Bogert, D, Bolshakova, A, Bowden, M, Bower, C, Broemmelsiek, D, Bromberg, C, Brunetti, G, Bu, X, Butkevich, A, Capista, D, Catano-Mur, E, Chase, TR, Childress, S, Choudhary, BC, Chowdhury, B, Coan, TE, Coelho, JAB, Colo, M, Cooper, J, Corwin, L, Cronin-Hennessy, D, Cunningham, A, Davies, GS, Davies, JP, Del Tutto, M, Derwent, PF, Deepthi, KN, Demuth, D, Desai, S, Deuerling, G, Devan, A, Dey, J, Dharmapalan, R, Ding, P, Dixon, S, Djurcic, Z, Dukes, EC, Duyang, H, Ehrlich, R, Feldman, GJ, Felt, N, Fenyves, EJ, Flumerfelt, E, Foulkes, S, Frank, MJ, Freeman, W, Gabrielyan, M, Gallagher, HR, Gebhard, M, Ghosh, T, Gilbert, W, Giri, A, Goadhouse, S, Gomes, RA, Goodenough, L, Goodman, MC, Grichine, V, Grossman, N, Group, R, Grudzinski, J, Guarino, V, Guo, B, Habig, A, Handler, T, Hartnell, J, Hatcher, R, Hatzikoutelis, A, Heller, K, Howcroft, C, Huang, J, Huang, X, Hylen, J, Ishitsuka, M, Jediny, F, Jensen, C, Jensen, D, Johnson, C, Jostlein, H, and Kafka, GK
Subjects: NOvA Collaboration, hep-ex, physics.ins-det, Mathematical Sciences, Physical Sciences, Engineering, General Physics
Abstract: We report results from the first search for ν_{μ}→ν_{e} transitions by the NOvA experiment. In an exposure equivalent to 2.74×10^{20} protons on target in the upgraded NuMI beam at Fermilab, we observe 6 events in the Far Detector, compared to a background expectation of 0.99±0.11(syst) events based on the Near Detector measurement. A secondary analysis observes 11 events with a background of 1.07±0.14(syst). The 3.3σ excess of events observed in the primary analysis disfavors 0.1π
Published: 2016

28. First measurement of muon-neutrino disappearance in NOvA

Author: Adamson, P, Ader, C, Andrews, M, Anfimov, N, Anghel, I, Arms, K, Arrieta-Diaz, E, Aurisano, A, Ayres, DS, Backhouse, C, Baird, M, Bambah, BA, Bays, K, Bernstein, R, Betancourt, M, Bhatnagar, V, Bhuyan, B, Bian, J, Biery, K, Blackburn, T, Bocean, V, Bogert, D, Bolshakova, A, Bowden, M, Bower, C, Broemmelsiek, D, Bromberg, C, Brunetti, G, Bu, X, Butkevich, A, Capista, D, Catano-Mur, E, Chase, TR, Childress, S, Choudhary, BC, Chowdhury, B, Coan, TE, Coelho, JAB, Colo, M, Cooper, J, Corwin, L, Cronin-Hennessy, D, Cunningham, A, Davies, GS, Davies, JP, Del Tutto, M, Derwent, PF, Deepthi, KN, Demuth, D, Desai, S, Deuerling, G, Devan, A, Dey, J, Dharmapalan, R, Ding, P, Dixon, S, Djurcic, Z, Dukes, EC, Duyang, H, Ehrlich, R, Feldman, GJ, Felt, N, Fenyves, EJ, Flumerfelt, E, Foulkes, S, Frank, MJ, Freeman, W, Gabrielyan, M, Gallagher, HR, Gebhard, M, Ghosh, T, Gilbert, W, Giri, A, Goadhouse, S, Gomes, RA, Goodenough, L, Goodman, MC, Grichine, V, Grossman, N, Group, R, Grudzinski, J, Guarino, V, Guo, B, Habig, A, Handler, T, Hartnell, J, Hatcher, R, Hatzikoutelis, A, Heller, K, Howcroft, C, Huang, J, Huang, X, Hylen, J, Ishitsuka, M, Jediny, F, Jensen, C, Jensen, D, Johnson, C, Jostlein, H, and Kafka, GK
Subjects: hep-ex, physics.ins-det
Abstract: This paper reports the first measurement using the NOvA detectors of νμ disappearance in a νμ beam. The analysis uses a 14 kton-equivalent exposure of 2.74×1020 protons-on-target from the Fermilab NuMI beam. Assuming the normal neutrino mass hierarchy, we measure Δm322=(2.52-0.18+0.20)×10-3 eV2 and sin2θ23 in the range 0.38-0.65, both at the 68% confidence level, with two statistically degenerate best-fit points at sin2θ23=0.43 and 0.60. Results for the inverted mass hierarchy are also presented.
Published: 2016

29. Finite volume study of electric polarizabilities from lattice QCD

Author: Lujan, M., Alexandru, A., Freeman, W., and Lee, F. X.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract: Knowledge of the electric polarizability is crucial to understanding the interactions of hadrons with electromagnetic fields. The neutron polarizability is very sensitive to the quark mass and is expected to diverge in the chiral limit. Here we present results for the electric polarizability of the neutron, neutral pion, and neutral kaon on eight ensembles with nHYP-smeared clover dynamical fermions with two different pion masses (227 and 306 MeV). These are currently the lightest pion masses used in polarizability studies. For each pion mass we compute the polarizability at four different volumes and perform an infinite volume extrapolation for the three hadrons. Along with the infinite volume extrapolation we conduct a chiral extrapolation for the kaon polarizability to the physical point. We compare our results for the neutron polarizability to predictions from chiral perturbation theory., Comment: 7 pages, 11 figures
Published: 2014

30. Prevalence of Previously Undiagnosed Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in Patients with Intracranial Aneurysms: From the Brain and Aortic Aneurysms Study (BAAS)

Author: Erben, Y., Barrett, K. M., Freeman, W. D., Lin, M., Tawk, R., Ball, C. T., Melton, V. S., Thuro, L. M., Hakaim, A. G., Brott, T. G., and Meschia, J. F.
Published: 2020
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31. Strangeness and charmness content of nucleon from overlap fermions on 2+1-flavor domain-wall fermion configurations

Author: Gong, M., Alexandru, A., Chen, Y., Doi, T., Dong, S. J., Draper, T., Freeman, W., Glatzmaier, M., Li, A., Liu, K. F., and Liu, Z.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Lattice, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: We present a calculation of the strangeness and charmness contents and of the nucleon from dynamical lattice QCD with 2+1 flavors. The calculation is performed with overlap valence quarks on 2+1-flavor domain-wall fermion gauge configurations. The configurations are generated by the RBC collaboration on a 24^3*64 lattice with sea quark mass am_l=0.005, am_s=0.04, and inverse lattice spacing a^{-1}=1.73GeV. Both actions have chiral symmetry which is essential in avoiding contamination due to the operator mixing with other flavors. Nucleon propagator and the quark loops are both computed with stochastic grid sources, while low-mode substitution and low-mode averaging methods are used respectively which substantially improve the signal to noise ratio. We obtain the strangeness matrix element f_{T_{s}} = m_s / M_N = 0.0334(62), and the charmness content f_{T_{c}} = m_c / M_N = 0.094(31) which is resolved from zero by 3\sigma precision for the first time., Comment: 34 pages, 18 figures; correct typos and minor updates; Figures updated, final version published in Phys. Rev. D 88, 014503 (2013)
Published: 2013
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32. Electromagnetic contributions to pseudoscalar masses

Author: Basak, S., Bazavov, A., Bernard, C., DeTar, C., Freeland, E., Freeman, W., Foley, J., Gottlieb, Steven, Heller, U. M., Hetrick, J. E., Laiho, J., Levkova, L., Oktay, M., Osborn, J., Sugar, R. L., Torok, A., Toussaint, D., Van de Water, R. S., and Zhou, R.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Lattice, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: We report on the calculation by the MILC Collaboration of the electromagnetic effects on kaon and pion masses. These masses are computed in QCD with dynamical (asqtad staggered) quarks plus quenched photons at three lattice spacings varying from 0.12 to 0.06 fm. The masses are fit to staggered chiral perturbation theory with NLO electromagnetic terms, as well as analytic terms at higher order. We extrapolate the results to physical light-quark masses and to the continuum limit. At the current stage of the analysis, most, but not all, of the systematic errors have been estimated. The main goal is the comparison of kaon electromagnetic splittings to those of the pion, i.e., an evaluation of the corrections to "Dashen's theorem." This in turn will allow us to significantly reduce the systematic errors in our determination of m_u/m_d., Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures. Contribution to 7th International Workshop on Chiral Dynamics, August 6-10, 2012, Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
Published: 2013

33. Leptonic decay-constant ratio f_{K^+}/f_{pi^+} from lattice QCD with physical light quarks

Author: Bazavov, A., Bernard, C., DeTar, C., Foley, J., Freeman, W., Gottlieb, Steven, Heller, U. M., Hetrick, J. E., Kim, J., Laiho, J., Levkova, L., Lightman, M., Osborn, J., Qiu, S., Sugar, R. L., Toussaint, D., Van de Water, R. S., and Zhou, R.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract: A calculation of the ratio of leptonic decay constants f_{K^+}/f_{\pi^+} makes possible a precise determination of the ratio of CKM matrix elements |V_{us}|/|V_{ud}| in the Standard Model, and places a stringent constraint on the scale of new physics that would lead to deviations from unitarity in the first row of the CKM matrix. We compute f_{K^+}/f_{\pi^+} numerically in unquenched lattice QCD using gauge-field ensembles recently generated that include four flavors of dynamical quarks: up, down, strange, and charm. We analyze data at four lattice spacings a ~ 0.06, 0.09, 0.12, and 0.15 fm with simulated pion masses down to the physical value 135 MeV. We obtain f_{K^+}/f_{\pi^+} = 1.1947(26)(37), where the errors are statistical and total systematic, respectively. This is our first physics result from our N_f = 2+1+1 ensembles, and the first calculation of f_{K^+}/f_{\pi^+} from lattice-QCD simulations at the physical point. Our result is the most precise lattice-QCD determination of f_{K^+}/f_{\pi^+}, with an error comparable to the current world average. When combined with experimental measurements of the leptonic branching fractions, it leads to a precise determination of |V_{us}|/|V_{ud}| = 0.2309(9)(4) where the errors are theoretical and experimental, respectively., Comment: 6 pages, 1 table, 2 figures; v3: result for f_{K^+}/f_{pi^+} updated to include additional data; typo in some values of L in Table 1 corrected; typo in sign of 1-|V_{ud}|^2-|V_{us}|^2-|V_{ub}|^2 corrected; version to be published in Phys. Rev. Lett
Published: 2013
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34. Efficacy and safety of minimally invasive surgery with thrombolysis in intracerebral haemorrhage evacuation (MISTIE III): a randomised, controlled, open-label, blinded endpoint phase 3 trial

Author: Abdul-Rahim, Azmil, Abou-Hamden, Amal, Abraham, Michael, Ahmed, Azam, Alba, Carlos Alarcon, Aldrich, E. Francois, Altschul, David, Amin-Hanjani, Sepideh, Anderson, Doug, Ansari, Safdar, Antezana, David, Ardelt, Agnieszka, Arikan, Fuat, Baguena, Marcelino, Baker, Alexandra, Barrer, Steven J., Becker, Kyra J., Bergman, Thomas, Boström, Azize, Braun, Jamie, Brindley, Peter, Broaddus, William C., Brown, Robert, Buki, Andras, Cao, Bing, Cao, Ying, Carrion-Penagos, Julian, Chalela, Julio, Chang, Tiffany, Chorro, Indalecio Moran, Chowdhry, Shakeel, Corral, Luisa, Csiba, Laszlo, Davies, Jason, Díaz, Alberto Torres, Derdeyn, Colin P., Diringer, Michael, Dlugash, Rachel, Ecker, Robert, Economas, Tracey, Enriquez, Pedro, Ezer, Erzsebet, Fan, Yuhua, Feng, Hua, Franz, Douglas, Freeman, W. David, Fusco, Matthew, Galicich, Walter, Gelea, Mary Leigh, Goldstein, Joshua, Gonzalez, Alejandro Carrasco, Grabarits, Christina, Greenberg, Steven, Gress, Daryl, Gu, Eugene, Hall, Christiana, Hernandez, Fernando Muñoz, Hoesch, Robert, Hoh, Brian L., Houser, Jennifer, Hu, Rong, Huang, Yi, Hussain, Mohammed Akbar, Insinga, Salvatore, Jadhav, Ashutosh, Jaffe, Jennifer, Jahromi, Babak S., Jallo, Jack, James, Michael, James, Robert F., Jankowitz, Brian, Jeon, Esther, Jichici, Draga, Jonczak, Karin, Jonker, Ben, Karlen, Nicki, Keric, Naureen, Kerz, Thomas, Knopman, Jared, Koenig, Carolyn, Krishnamurthy, Satish, Kumar, Avinash, Kureshi, Inam, Laidlaw, John, Lakhanpal, Arun, Latorre, Julius Gene, Leifer, Dana, Leiphart, James, Lenington, Sarah, Li, Yunke, Lopez, George, Lovick, Darren, Lumenta, Christianto, Luo, Jinbiao, Maas, Matthew B., MacDonald, Joel, MacKenzie, Larami, Madan, Vikram, Majkowski, Ryan, Major, Otto, Malhorta, Rishi, Malkoff, Marc, Mangat, Halinder, Maswadeh, Ahmed, Matouk, Charles, McArthur, Kate, McCaul, Scott, Medow, Joshua, Mezey, Geza, Mighty, Janet, Miller, David, Mohan, Krishna K., Muir, Keith, Muñoz, Lorenzo, Nakaji, Peter, Nee, Alex, Nekoovaght-Tak, Saman, Nyquist, Paul, O'Kane, Roddy, Okasha, Mohamed, O'Kelly, Cian, Ostapkovich, Noeleen, Pandey, Aditya, Parry-Jones, Adrian, Perla, Krissia Rivera, Pollack, Ania, Polster, Sean, Pouratian, Nader, Quinn, Terry, Rajajee, Ventatakrishna, Reddy, Kesava, Rehman, Mohammed, Reimer, Ronald, Rincon, Fred, Rybinnik, Igor, Sanchez, Baltasar, Sansing, Lauren, Schneck, Michael, Schuerer, Ludwig, Schul, David, Schweitzer, Jeffrey, Seder, David B., Seyfried, Donald, Sheth, Kevin, Spiotta, Alejandro, Stechison, Michael, Szabo, Katalin, Tamayo, Gonzalo, Tanczos, Krisztian, Taussky, Philipp, Terry, John, Testai, Fernando, Thomas, Kathrine, Thompson, Carol B., Thompson, Gregory, Torner, James C., Tran, Huy, Tucker, Kristi, Ungar, Lior, Varelas, Panos, Vargas, Nataly Montano, Vatter, Hartmut, Venkatasubramanian, Chitra, Vermillion, Krista, Vollmer, Dennis, Wang, Yan, Wang, Ying, Wen, Jiajun, Whitworth, Louis Tony, Willis, Byron, Wrencher, Myriha, Wright, Shawn E., Xu, Yongge, Yanase, Lisa, Yi, Xuxia, Yu, Zhiyuan, Zomorodi, Ali, Hanley, Daniel F, Thompson, Richard E, Rosenblum, Michael, Yenokyan, Gayane, Lane, Karen, McBee, Nichol, Mayo, Steven W, Bistran-Hall, Amanda J, Gandhi, Dheeraj, Mould, W Andrew, Ullman, Natalie, Ali, Hasan, Carhuapoma, J Ricardo, Kase, Carlos S, Lees, Kennedy R, Dawson, Jesse, Wilson, Alastair, Betz, Joshua F, Sugar, Elizabeth A, Hao, Yi, Avadhani, Radhika, Caron, Jean-Louis, Harrigan, Mark R, Carlson, Andrew P, Bulters, Diederik, LeDoux, David, Huang, Judy, Cobb, Cully, Gupta, Gaurav, Kitagawa, Ryan, Chicoine, Michael R, Patel, Hiren, Dodd, Robert, Camarata, Paul J, Wolfe, Stacey, Stadnik, Agnieszka, Money, P Lynn, Mitchell, Patrick, Sarabia, Rosario, Harnof, Sagi, Barzo, Pal, Unterberg, Andreas, Teitelbaum, Jeanne S, Wang, Weimin, Anderson, Craig S, Mendelow, A David, Gregson, Barbara, Janis, Scott, Vespa, Paul, Ziai, Wendy, Zuccarello, Mario, and Awad, Issam A
Published: 2019
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35. Lattice QCD ensembles with four flavors of highly improved staggered quarks

Author: The MILC Collaboration, Bazavov, A., Bernard, C., DeTar, C., Freeman, W., Gottlieb, Steven, Heller, U. M., Hetrick, J. E., Komijani, J., Laiho, J., Levkova, L., Osborn, J., Sugar, R. L., Toussaint, D., Van de Water, R. S., and Zhou, Ran
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract: We present results from our simulations of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) with four flavors of quarks: u, d, s, and c. These simulations are performed with a one-loop Symanzik improved gauge action, and the highly improved staggered quark (HISQ) action. We are generating gauge configurations with four values of the lattice spacing ranging from 0.06 fm to 0.15 fm, and three values of the light quark mass, including the value for which the Goldstone pion mass is equal to the physical pion mass. We discuss simulation algorithms, scale setting, taste symmetry breaking, and the autocorrelations of various quantities. We also present results for the topological susceptibility which demonstrate the improvement of the HISQ configurations relative to those generated earlier with the asqtad improved staggered action., Comment: 43 pages, 11 postscript figures, 15 tables, minor changes in text, version published in Phys. Rev. D
Published: 2012
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36. Status of the MILC calculation of electromagnetic contributions to pseudoscalar masses

Author: Basak, S., Bazavov, A., Bernard, C., DeTar, C., Freeland, E., Freeman, W., Foley, J., Gottlieb, Steven, Heller, U. M., Hetrick, J. E., Laiho, J., Levkova, L., Oktay, M., Osborn, J., Sugar, R. L., Torok, A., Toussaint, D., Van de Water, R. S., and Zhou, R.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract: We calculate pseudoscalar masses on gauge configurations containing the effects of 2+1 flavors of dynamical asqtad quarks and quenched electromagnetism. The lattice spacings vary from 0.12 to 0.06 fm. The masses are fit with staggered chiral perturbation theory including NLO electromagnetic terms. We attempt to extract the fit parameters for the electromagnetic contributions, while taking into account the finite volume effects, and extrapolate them to the physical limit., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables. Proceedings of the 30th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory - Lattice 2012; June 24-29, 2012; Cairns, Australia. Expanded acknowledgements
Published: 2012

37. The $\Delta_{mix}$ parameter in the overlap on domain-wall mixed action

Author: Lujan, M., Alexandru, A., Draper, T., Freeman, W., Gong, M., Lee, F. X., Li, A., Liu, K. F., and Mathur, N.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract: A direct calculation of the mixed-action parameter $\Delta_{mix}$ with valence overlap fermions on a domain-wall fermion sea is presented. The calculation is performed on four ensembles of the 2+1-flavor domain-wall gauge configurations: $24^3 \times 64$ ($a m_l= 0.005$, $a=0.114\fm$) and $32^3 \times 64$ ($a m_l = 0.004, 0.006, 0.008$, $a=0.085\fm$). For pion masses close to $300\MeV$ we find \hbox{$\Delta_{mix}=0.030(6)\GeV^4$} at $a=0.114\fm$ and $\Delta_{mix}=0.033(12)\GeV^4$ at $a=0.085\fm$. The results are quite independent of the lattice spacing and they are significantly smaller than the results for valence domain-wall fermions on Asqtad sea or those of valence overlap fermions on clover sea. Combining the results extracted from these two ensembles, we get $\Delta_{mix}=0.030(6)(5)\GeV^4$, where the first error is statistical and the second is the systematic error associated with the fitting method., Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2012
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38. Properties of light pseudoscalars from lattice QCD with HISQ ensembles

Author: MILC Collaboration, Bazavov, A., Bernard, C., DeTar, C., Freeman, W., Gottlieb, Steven, Heller, U. M., Hetrick, J. E., Kim, J., Laiho, J., Levkova, L., Lightman, M., Oktay, M., Osborn, J., Sugar, R. L., Toussaint, D., and Van de Water, R. S.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract: We fit lattice-QCD data for light-pseudoscalar masses and decay constants, from HISQ configurations generated by MILC, to SU(3) staggered chiral perturbation theory. At present such fits have rather high values of chi^2/d.o.f., possibly due to the lack of ensembles with lighter-than-physical sea strange-quark masses. We propose solutions to this problem for future work. We also perform simple linear interpolations near the physical point on two ensembles with different lattice spacings, and obtain the preliminary result (f_K / f_pi)^phys = 1.1872(41) in the continuum limit., Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables, Talk presented at The XXIX International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, July 10 - 16, 2011, Squaw Valley, Lake Tahoe, California, USA
Published: 2011

39. Cortical phase transitions, non-equilibrium thermodynamics and the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation

Author: Freeman, W. J., Livi, R., Obinata, M., and Vitiello, G.
Subjects: Physics - Biological Physics, Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition, Quantum Physics
Abstract: The formation of amplitude modulated and phase modulated assemblies of neurons is observed in the brain functional activity. The study of the formation of such structures requires that the analysis has to be organized in hierarchical levels, microscopic, mesoscopic, macroscopic, each with its characteristic space-time scales and the various forms of energy, electric, chemical, thermal produced and used by the brain. In this paper, we discuss the microscopic dynamics underlying the mesoscopic and the macroscopic levels and focus our attention on the thermodynamics of the non-equilibrium phase transitions. We obtain the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation for the non-stationary regime and consider the formation of topologically non-trivial structures such as the vortex solution. The power laws observed in functional activities of the brain is also discussed and related to coherent states characterizing the many-body dissipative model of brain., Comment: 19 pages, 4 figures, research paper
Published: 2011
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40. The Dust Properties of Two Hot R Coronae Borealis Stars and a Wolf-Rayet Central Star of a Planetary Nebula: in Search of a Possible Link

Author: Clayton, Geoffrey C., De Marco, O., Whitney, B. A., Babler, B., Gallagher, J. S., Nordhaus, J., Speck, A. K., Wolff, M. J., Freeman, W. R., Camp, K. A., Lawson, W. A., Roman-Duval, J., Misselt, K. A., Meade, M., Sonneborn, G., Matsuura, M., and Meixner, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: We present new Spitzer/IRS spectra of two hot R Coronae Borealis (RCB) stars, one in the Galaxy,V348 Sgr, and one lying in the LMC, HV 2671. These two objects may constitute a link between the RCB stars and the late Wolf-Rayet ([WCL]) class of central stars of planetary nebula (CSPNe) such as CPD -56 8032 that has little or no hydrogen in their atmospheres. HV 2671 and V348 Sgr are members of a rare subclass that has significantly higher effective temperatures than most RCB stars, but sharing the traits of hydrogen deficiency and dust formation that define the cooler RCB stars. The [WC] CSPNe star, CPD -56 8032, displays evidence for dual-dust chemistry showing both PAHs and crystalline silicates in its mid-IR spectrum. HV 2671 shows strong PAH emission but shows no sign of having crystalline silicates. The spectrum of V348 Sgr is very different from those of CPD -56 8032 and HV 2671. The PAH emission seen strongly in the other two stars is not present. Instead, the spectrum is dominated by a broad emission centered at about 8.2 micron. The mid-IR spectrum of CPD -56 8032 shows emission features that may be associated with C60. The other two stars do not show evidence for C60. HV 2671 has also been detected by Herschel/PACS and SPIRE. V348 Sgr and CPD -56 8032 have been detected by AKARI/FIS. These data were combined with Spitzer, IRAS, 2MASS and other photometry to produce their spectral energy distributions from the visible to the far-IR. Monte Carlo radiative transfer modeling was used to study the circumstellar dust around these stars. HV 2671 and CPD -56 8032 require both a flared inner disk with warm dust and an extended diffuse envelope with cold dust to to fit their SEDs. The SED of V348 Sgr can be fit with a much smaller disk and envelope., Comment: 20 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journal
Published: 2011
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41. How to Prepare and Protect Health-Care Teams During COVID-19: Know Thyself

Author: Freeman, W. David, Karnatovskaia, Lioudmila V., and Dredla, Brynn K.
Published: 2021
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42. Simulations with dynamical HISQ quarks

Author: Bazavov, A., Bernard, C., DeTar, C., Freeman, W., Gottlieb, Steven, Heller, U. M., Hetrick, J. E., Laiho, J., Levkova, L., Oktay, M., Osborn, J., Sugar, R. L., Toussaint, D., and Van de Water, R. S.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract: We report on the status of a program of generating and using configurations with four flavors of dynamical quarks, using the HISQ action. We study the lattice spacing dependence of physical quantities in these simulations, using runs at several lattice spacings, but with the light quark mass held fixed at two tenths of the strange quark mass. We find that the lattice artifacts in the HISQ simulations are much smaller than those in the asqtad simulations at the same lattice spacings and quark masses. We also discuss methods for setting the scale, or assigning a lattice spacing to ensembles run at unphysical parameters., Comment: Proceedings of the XXVIII International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, Lattice2010
Published: 2010

43. Results for light pseudoscalar mesons

Author: MILC Collaboration, Bazavov, A., Bernard, C., DeTar, C., Du, X., Freeman, W., Gottlieb, Steven, Heller, Urs M., Hetrick, J. E., Laiho, J., Levkova, L., Oktay, M. B., Osborn, J., Sugar, R., Toussaint, D., and Van de Water, R. S.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Lattice, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: We present the current status of the MILC collaboration's calculations of the properties of the light pseudoscalar meson sector. We use asqtad staggered ensembles with 2+1 dynamical flavors down to $a \approx 0.045$ fm and light quark mass down to 0.05 $m_s$. Here we describe fits to the data using chiral forms from SU(3) chiral perturbation theory, including all staggered taste violations at NLO and the continuum NNLO chiral logarithms. We emphasize issues of convergence of the chiral expansion., Comment: 7 pp., 6 figs, presented at Lattice 2010, June 14-19, 2010, Villasimius, Italy
Published: 2010

44. Staggered chiral perturbation theory in the two-flavor case and SU(2) analysis of the MILC data

Author: Bazavov, A., Bernard, C., DeTar, C., Du, X., Freeman, W., Gottlieb, Steven, Heller, U. M., Hetrick, J. E., Laiho, J., Levkova, L., Oktay, M. B., Sugar, R., Toussaint, D., and Van de Water, R. S.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract: In the light pseudoscalar sector, we study rooted staggered chiral perturbation theory in the two-flavor case. The pion mass and decay constant are calculated through NLO for a partially-quenched theory. In the limit where the strange quark mass is large compared to the light quark masses and the taste splittings, we show that the SU(2) staggered chiral theory emerges from the SU(3) staggered chiral theory, as expected. Explicit relations between SU(2) and SU(3) low energy constants and taste-violating parameters are given. A brief summary of updated SU(2) chiral fits to the MILC lattice data is presented., Comment: 7 pages, talk given at the XXVIII International Symposium on Lattice Filed Theory, June 14-19,2010, Villasimius, Sardinia Italy
Published: 2010

45. Scaling studies of QCD with the dynamical HISQ action

Author: MILC collaboration, Bazavov, A., Bernard, C., DeTar, C., Freeman, W., Gottlieb, Steven, Heller, U. M., Hetrick, J. E., Laiho, J., Levkova, L., Oktay, M., Osborn, J., Sugar, R. L., Toussaint, D., and Van de Water, R. S.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract: We study the lattice spacing dependence, or scaling, of physical quantities using the highly improved staggered quark (HISQ) action introduced by the HPQCD/UKQCD collaboration, comparing our results to similar simulations with the asqtad fermion action. Results are based on calculations with lattice spacings approximately 0.15, 0.12 and 0.09 fm, using four flavors of dynamical HISQ quarks. The strange and charm quark masses are near their physical values, and the light-quark mass is set to 0.2 times the strange-quark mass. We look at the lattice spacing dependence of hadron masses, pseudoscalar meson decay constants, and the topological susceptibility. In addition to the commonly used determination of the lattice spacing through the static quark potential, we examine a determination proposed by the HPQCD collaboration that uses the decay constant of a fictitious "unmixed s bar s" pseudoscalar meson. We find that the lattice artifacts in the HISQ simulations are much smaller than those in the asqtad simulations at the same lattice spacings and quark masses., Comment: 36 pages, 11 figures, revised version to be published. Revisions include discussion of autocorrelations and several clarifications
Published: 2010
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46. Progress on charm semileptonic form factors from 2+1 flavor lattice QCD

Author: Bailey, Jon A., Bazavov, A., Bernard, C., Bouchard, C., DeTar, C., El-Khadra, A. X., Freeland, E. D., Freeman, W., Gamiz, E., Gottlieb, Steven, Heller, U. M., Hetrick, J. E., Kronfeld, A. S., Laiho, J., Levkova, L., Mackenzie, P. B., Oktay, M. B., Di Pierro, M., Simone, J. N., Sugar, R., Toussaint, D., and Van de Water, R. S.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract: Lattice calculations of the form factors for the charm semileptonic decays D to K l nu and D to pi l nu provide inputs to direct determinations of the CKM matrix elements |V(cs)| and |V(cd)| and can be designed to validate calculations of the form factors for the bottom semileptonic decays B to pi l nu and B to K l l-bar. We are using Fermilab charm (bottom) quarks and asqtad staggered light quarks on the 2+1 flavor asqtad MILC ensembles to calculate the charm (bottom) form factors. We outline improvements to the previous calculation of the charm form factors and detail our progress. We expect our current round of data production to allow us to reduce the theoretical uncertainties in |V(cs)| and |V(cd)| from 10.5% and 11%, respectively, to about 7%., Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, parallel talk at 27th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 2009), Beijing, China, 25-31 Jul 2009; typos corrected
Published: 2009

47. Progress on four flavor QCD with the HISQ action

Author: MILC Collaboration, Bazavov, A., Bernard, C., DeTar, C., Freeman, W., Gottlieb, Steven, Heller, U. M., Hetrick, J. E., Laiho, J., Levkova, L., Osborn, J., Sugar, R., Toussaint, D., and Van de Water, R. S.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract: We describe recent progress on generation of gauge configurations using the Highly Improved Staggered Quark (HISQ) action that was designed by the HPQCD/UKQCD collaboration. The HISQ action requires two levels of smearing with a reunitarization of the links before the second smearing. We describe how we deal with the occurrence of occasional large forces arising from the reunitarization step. The MILC collaboration is currently generating ensembles with approximate lattice spacings of 0.15, 0.12, 0.09, and 0.06 fm, with the strange and charm quark masses close to their physical values and the mass of the light quarks m_l set to 0.2 m_s. We present recent results for pion taste splittings, light hadron masses, the static potential, the eta_c dispersion relation and the topological susceptibility., Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures, poster presented at The XXVII International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory - LAT2009, July 26-31 2009, Peking University, Beijing, China
Published: 2009

48. SU(2) chiral fits to light pseudoscalar masses and decay constants

Author: Bazavov, A., Bernard, C., DeTar, C., Du, X., Freeman, W., Gottlieb, Steven, Heller, Urs M., Hetrick, J. E., Laiho, J., Levkova, L., Oktay, M. B., Osborn, J., Sugar, R., Toussaint, D., and Van de Water, R. S.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract: We present the results of fits to recent asqtad data in the light pseudoscalar sector using SU(2) partially-quenched staggered chiral perturbation theory. Superfine (a~0.06 fm) and ultrafine (a~0.045 fm) ensembles are used, where light sea quark masses and taste splittings are small compared to the strange quark mass. Our fits include continuum NNLO chiral logarithms and analytic terms. We give preliminary results for the pion decay constant, SU(2) low-energy constants and the chiral condensate in the two-flavor chiral limit.
Published: 2009

49. Results from the MILC collaboration's SU(3) chiral perturbation theory analysis

Author: Bazavov, A., Bernard, C., DeTar, C., Du, X., Freeman, W., Gottlieb, Steven, Heller, Urs M., Hetrick, J. E., Laiho, J., Levkova, L., Oktay, M. B., Osborn, J., Sugar, R., Toussaint, D., and Van de Water, R. S.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract: We present the status of the MILC collaboration's analysis of the light pseudoscalar meson sector with SU(3) chiral fits. The analysis includes data from new ensembles with smaller lattice spacing, smaller light quark masses and lighter than physical strange quark masses. Our fits include the NNLO chiral logarithms. We present results for decay constants, quark masses, Gasser-Leutwyler low energy constants, and condensates in the two- and three-flavor chiral limits., Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures; contribution to the proceedings of the XXVII International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory - LAT2009, July 26-31, 2009, Peking University, Beijing, China. v2: reference corrected
Published: 2009

50. MILC results for light pseudoscalars

Author: Bazavov, A., Bernard, C., DeTar, C., Du, X., Freeman, W., Gottlieb, Steven, Heller, Urs M., Hetrick, J. E., Laiho, J., Levkova, L., Oktay, M. B., Osborn, J., Sugar, R., Toussaint, D., and Van de Water, R. S.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract: We present the latest preliminary results of the MILC collaboration's analysis of the light pseudoscalar meson sector. The analysis includes data from new ensembles with smaller lattice spacings, smaller light quark masses and lighter-than-physical strange quark masses. Both SU(2) and SU(3) chiral fits, including NNLO chiral logarithms, are shown. We give results for decay constants, quark masses, Gasser-Leutwyler low energy constants, and condensates in the two- and three-flavor chiral limits., Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures; Contribution to the 6th International Workshop on Chiral Dynamics, CD09, July 6-10, 2009, Bern, Switzerland; To appear as PoS CD09 (2009) 007
Published: 2009

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