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Copyright of Journal of Planning Education & Research is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The fate of residents living in gentrifying neighborhoods remains an important yet little understood outcome of the gentrification process. In this study, we assess the effects of gentrification on mobility patterns using the geocoded version of the panel study of income dynamics (PSID), a nationally representative longitudinal survey of households. While many studies examine whether residents move from gentrifying neighborhoods, few study their destinations. We utilize PSID data from 2001 to 2017 to identify each respondent's census tract and characteristics of the tract to which they moved. We find little difference in the socioeconomic status or access to the urban core of the destination neighborhoods of residents originating in gentrifying neighborhoods compared to the destination neighborhoods of residents originating in nongentrifying neighborhoods. Our findings inform debates on whether residents of gentrifying neighborhoods are pushed out of central cities and into worse neighborhoods than residents of other low-income neighborhoods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigated how well the spatial assimilation, primacy of race, and ethnic identity models would explain black immigrants' spatial relations with Whites and African Americans. Data from the 1990 decennial census Summary Tape File 4A and from the 1999 New York City Housing and Vacancy Survey indicated that regardless of degree of acculturation, black immigrants were highly segregated from Whites and modestly so from native Blacks. (SM)

In the wake of the civil rights era, it is generally thought that the importance of class in determining social outcomes has increased. The extent to which this is true for locational outcomes, however, is unclear. This article examines how Blacks' ability to translate individual characteristics into locational outcomes changed over the period from 1970 to 2000. The results presented here show that higher socioeconomic status Blacks have more White neighbors, fewer poor neighbors, and live in neighborhoods with higher housing values. This pattern was evident in 1970, however, and appears to have changed little over time. To the extent Blacks are living in more integrated and higher-status neighborhoods, it appears to be because their socioeconomic status is improving. Their ability to translate their status into locational outcomes remained static. Keywords: assimilation; segregation; African-Americans; poverty concentration

To purchase or authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2008.00771.x Byline: LANCE FREEMAN (1) Keywords: gentrification Abstract: Abstract 'The eviction of critical perspectives from gentrification research' offers the premise that scholars are becoming less critical of gentrification and that this trend is detrimental to those most vulnerable to gentrification. This argument falls short on a number of grounds. First, the article does not persuasively show that the scholarly literature on gentrification has indeed become less critical. More significantly, Slater does not consider perhaps the most important reason that gentrification can be accurately described in both critical and less than critical terms - gentrification's impacts are multifaceted, affecting different people differently and even the same individuals in different ways. Finally, those most threatened by gentrification are likely to need a combination of resistance and persuasion to blunt the ill effects of gentrification. Slater's call for more critical approaches may inspire some to resist, but will do little to persuade the larger society to take their concerns seriously. Given that those most threatened by gentrification are among the least powerful, their cause will most benefit from a combination of literature that inspires resistance as well as literature that persuades others that gentrification is truly a predicament. Therefore, literature that not merely criticizes gentrification but offers a rationale for blunting its detrimental effects is needed as well. Resume L'article intitule The eviction of critical perspectives from gentrification research pose en principe que les chercheurs se font moins critiques sur la 'gentrification' et que cette tendance porte prejudice aux plus vulnerables face a ce phenomene. Cet argument ne tient pas pour plusieurs raisons. D'abord, il n'est pas montre de maniere probante que la litterature academique sur la 'gentrification' soit vraiment devenue moins critique. De facon plus marquante, Slater n'etudie pas la raison, peut-etre la plus importante, pour laquelle la 'gentrification' peut etre decrit avec exactitude en termes a la fois critiques et moins critiques : en effet, ses impacts revetent plusieurs aspects, affectant differemment les populations differentes, voire les memes populations. Enfin, les plus menaces par la 'gentrification' ont sans doute besoin d'un melange de resistance et de persuasion pour attenuer les effets negatifs du processus. L'appel de Slater a des approches plus critiques peut susciter la resistance chez certains, mais va difficilement convaincre la societe de traiter serieusement le probleme. Etant donne que les plus menaces font partie des moins puissants, leur cause beneficiera surtout d'une combinaison de publications inspirant la resistance et de textes capables de convaincre de toute la complexite de la situation liee a la 'gentrification'. En consequence, une litterature qui ne se contente pas de critiquer la 'gentrification', mais qui propose un raisonnement pour en attenuer les effets nefastes, a tout autant d'utilite. Author Affiliation: (1)Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation, Columbia University, New York, USA Article note: Lance Freeman (lf182@columbia.edu), Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation, Columbia University, 400 Avery Hall, New York, NY 10027, USA.

Since 1992, the federal government has established regulations encouraging the government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to purchase home mortgages originated in neighborhoods traditionally underserved by financial institutions, with the aim of stimulating housing-market activity within such neighborhoods. This research tests this proposition empirically through an econometric analysis of variations in secondary mortgage market activity and single-family home prices across underserved census tracts in Cleveland, Ohio, from 1993 to 1999. We find no large or statistically significant relationship between variations in secondary-market purchasing rates of home-purchase mortgages in underserved neighborhoods and home prices one or two years hence, controlling for a rich variety of dwelling and neighborhood characteristics. These conclusions follow both for GSE and other sectors of the secondary market. We find some evidence that the secondary market was more responsive to changes in home prices than vice versa. We offer a possible explanation and draw policy implications. Keywords:government-,sponsored enterprises; neighborhood revitalization; secondary mortgage market; mortgages; housing prices;

This article examines the extent to which gentrification in U.S. neighborhoods is associated with displacement by comparing mobility and displacement in gentrifying neighborhoods with mobility and displacement in similar neighborhoods that did not undergo gentrification. The results suggest that displacement and higher mobility play minor if any roles as forces of change in gentrifying neighborhoods. Demographic change in gentrifying neighborhoods appears to be a consequence of lower rates of intraneighborhood mobility and the relative affluence of in-movers. Keywords: gentrification; neighborhood change; displacement; housing mobility

For many poor Americans, having a decent home and suitable living environment remains a dream. This lack of adequate housing is not only a burden for many of the poor, but it is harmful to the larger society as well, because of the adverse effects of inadequate housing on public health. Not only is the failure to provide adequate housing short-sighted from a policy perspective, but it is also a failure to live up to societal obligations. There is a societal obligation to meet the housing needs of everyone, including the most disadvantaged. Housing assistance must become a federally-funded entitlement.

Prior research on the residential patterns of minorities has generally found that relative to other minorities, African Americans are substantially less likely to reside in proximity to whites. These earlier studies, however, failed to consider whether preferences for integration with whites or household wealth played any role in shaping the patterns that were observed. The research presented here shows that both residential preferences and household wealth are important determinants of being able to achieve proximity to whites. Nevertheless, African Americans remain at a distinct disadvantage, compared to other minorities, even when accounting for residential preferences and household wealth.

The second decade of the twentieth century is viewed as the pivotal period for ghetto formation in the United States. This decade witnessed the onset of the Great Migration and it was during this time that modern ghettos, massive agglomerations of tens of thousands of Blacks and virtually only Blacks, became visible. Despite the importance of this period for ghetto formation and the subsequent segregation experienced by Blacks, our understanding of the dynamics of segregation during this period is incomplete. We utilize recently released fine-grained census data to present a more precise and complete picture of segregation in American cities in the second decade of the twentieth century and in doing so make several contributions to the historical literature on residential segregation. First, we document how segregation varied across the full range of American cities, including Southern and smaller cities overlooked in most historical accounts. Second, we assess how the influx of Southern Black migrants into Northern cities was related to increasing segregation. Third, we ascertain the role of Blacks' socioeconomic status in determining proximity to Whites. Fourth, we examine racial zoning's impact on segregation. Finally, we consider how the presence of immigrants in a city was related to the residential segregation experienced by Blacks. This research thus adds to the literature on residential segregation by providing more reliable estimates of the degree of residential segregation experienced by Blacks at the beginning of the Great Migration as well as exploring other factors associated with varying levels of segregation at that time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]