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2. Detection of capillary abnormalities in early diabetic retinopathy using scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and optical coherence tomography combined with adaptive optics

Author

Torm, Marie Elise Wistrup, Pircher, Michael, Bonnin, Sophie, Johannesen, Jesper, Klefter, Oliver Niels, Schmidt, Mathias Falck, Frederiksen, Jette Lautrup, Lefaudeux, Nicolas, Andilla, Jordi, Valdes, Claudia, Loza-Alvarez, Pablo, Brea, Luisa Sanchez, De Jesus, Danilo Andrade, Grieve, Kate, Paques, Michel, Larsen, Michael, and Gocho, Kiyoko

Published
2024
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3. Leveraging Visual Outcome Measures to Advance Therapy Development in Neuroimmunologic Disorders

Author

Graves, Jennifer S, Oertel, Frederike Cosima, Van der Walt, Anneke, Collorone, Sara, Sotirchos, Elias S, Pihl-Jensen, Gorm, Albrecht, Philipp, Yeh, E Ann, Saidha, Shiv, Frederiksen, Jette, Newsome, Scott Douglas, and Paul, Friedemann

Subjects
Neurosciences, Brain Disorders, Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision, Clinical Research, Neurodegenerative, Multiple Sclerosis, Autoimmune Disease, Eye, Neurological, Good Health and Well Being, Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS, Humans, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Vision Disorders, Vision Tests, Visual Pathways, IMSVISUAL
Abstract

The visual system offers unparalleled precision in the assessment of neuroaxonal damage. With the majority of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) experiencing afferent and efferent visual dysfunction, outcome measures capturing these deficits provide insight into neuroaxonal injury, even in those with minimal disability. Ideal for use in clinical trials, visual measures are generally inexpensive, accessible, and reproducible. Quantification of visual acuity, visual fields, visual quality of life, and electrophysiologic parameters allows assessment of function, whereas optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides reliable measures of the structural integrity of the anterior afferent visual pathway. The technology of oculomotor biometrics continues to advance, and discrete measures of fixation, smooth pursuit, and saccadic eye movement abnormalities are ready for inclusion in future trials of MS progression. Visual outcomes allow tracking of neuroaxonal injury and aid in distinguishing MS from diseases such as neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated diseases (MOGAD). OCT has also provided unique insights into pathophysiology, including the identification of foveal pitting in NMOSD, possibly from damage to Müller cells, which carry an abundance of aquaporin-4 channels. For some study designs, the cost-benefit ratio favors visual outcomes over more expensive MRI outcomes. With the next frontier of therapeutics focused on remyelination and neuroprotection, visual outcomes are likely to take center stage. As an international community of collaborative, committed, vision scientists, this review by the International MS Visual System Consortium (IMSVISUAL) outlines the quality standards, informatics, and framework needed to routinely incorporate vision outcomes into MS and NMOSD trials.

Published
2022

4. Artificial intelligence extension of the OSCAR‐IB criteria

Author

Petzold, Axel, Albrecht, Philipp, Balcer, Laura, Bekkers, Erik, Brandt, Alexander U, Calabresi, Peter A, Deborah, Orla Galvin, Graves, Jennifer S, Green, Ari, Keane, Pearse A, Bijvank, Jenny A Nij, Sander, Josemir W, Paul, Friedemann, Saidha, Shiv, Villoslada, Pablo, Wagner, Siegfried K, Yeh, E Ann, Aktas, Orhan, Antel, Jack, Asgari, Nasrin, Audo, Isabelle, Avasarala, Jagannadha, Avril, Daly, Bagnato, Francesca R, Banwell, Brenda, Bar‐Or, Amit, Behbehani, Raed, Manterola, Arnaldo Belzunce, Bennett, Jeffrey, Benson, Leslie, Bernard, Jacqueline, Bremond‐Gignac, Dominique, Britze, Josefine, Burton, Jodie, Calkwood, Jonathan, Carroll, William, Chandratheva, Arvind, Cohen, Jeffrey, Comi, Giancarlo, Cordano, Christian, Costa, Silvana, Costello, Fiona, Courtney, Ardith, Cruz‐Herranz, Anes, Cutter, Gary, Crabb, David, Delott, Lindsey, De Seze, Jerome, Diem, Ricarda, Dollfuss, Helene, Ayoubi, Nabil K El, Fasser, Christina, Finke, Carsten, Fischer, Dominik, Fitzgerald, Kathryn, Fonseca, Pedro, Frederiksen, Jette L, Frohman, Elliot, Frohman, Teresa, Fujihara, Kazuo, Cuellar, Iñigo Gabilondo, Galetta, Steven, Garcia‐Martin, Elena, Giovannoni, Gavin, Glebauskiene, Brigita, Suárez, Inés González, Jensen, Gorm Pihl, Hamann, Steffen, Hartung, Hans‐Peter, Havla, Joachim, Hemmer, Bernhard, Huang, Su‐Chun, Imitola, Jaime, Jasinskas, Vytautas, Jiang, Hong, Kafieh, Rahele, Kappos, Ludwig, Kardon, Randy, Keegan, David, Kildebeck, Eric, Kim, Ungsoo Samuel, Klistorner, Sasha, Knier, Benjamin, Kolbe, Scott, Korn, Thomas, Krupp, Lauren, Lagrèze, Wolf, Leocani, Letizia, Levin, Netta, Liskova, Petra, Preiningerova, Jana Lizrova, Lorenz, Birgit, May, Eugene, Miller, David, Mikolajczak, Janine, Saïd, Saddek Mohand, Montalban, Xavier, Morrow, Mark, Mowry, Ellen, and Murta, Joaquim

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Bioengineering, Biomedical Imaging, Autoimmune Disease, Neurodegenerative, Aging, Brain Disorders, Neurological, Algorithms, Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Cohort Studies, Humans, Nervous System Diseases, Retina, Tomography, Optical Coherence, IMSVISUAL, ERN-EYE Consortium, Clinical Sciences, Clinical and health psychology
Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI)-based diagnostic algorithms have achieved ambitious aims through automated image pattern recognition. For neurological disorders, this includes neurodegeneration and inflammation. Scalable imaging technology for big data in neurology is optical coherence tomography (OCT). We highlight that OCT changes observed in the retina, as a window to the brain, are small, requiring rigorous quality control pipelines. There are existing tools for this purpose. Firstly, there are human-led validated consensus quality control criteria (OSCAR-IB) for OCT. Secondly, these criteria are embedded into OCT reporting guidelines (APOSTEL). The use of the described annotation of failed OCT scans advances machine learning. This is illustrated through the present review of the advantages and disadvantages of AI-based applications to OCT data. The neurological conditions reviewed here for the use of big data include Alzheimer disease, stroke, multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson disease, and epilepsy. It is noted that while big data is relevant for AI, ownership is complex. For this reason, we also reached out to involve representatives from patient organizations and the public domain in addition to clinical and research centers. The evidence reviewed can be grouped in a five-point expansion of the OSCAR-IB criteria to embrace AI (OSCAR-AI). The review concludes by specific recommendations on how this can be achieved practically and in compliance with existing guidelines.

Published
2021

5. Discontinuation of dimethyl fumarate in multiple sclerosis - a nationwide study

Author

Roar, Malte, Nielsen, Amalie Rhode Høgh, Berg, Jonas Munksgaard, Sirakov, Georgi, Stilund, Morten, Schäfer, Jakob, Ratzer, Rikke, Frederiksen, Jette, Asgari, Nasrin, Ashna, Said Nasim, Jensen, Henrik Boye, Kant, Matthias, Theódorsdóttir, Ásta, Illes, Zsolt, Sellebjerg, Finn, Magyari, Melinda, Schlosser, Louise Mose, Nordborg, Hilde, Wergeland, Stig, and Sejbaek, Tobias

Published
2023
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10. Diagnosis and classification of optic neuritis

Author

Petzold, Axel, Fraser, Clare L, Abegg, Mathias, Alroughani, Raed, Alshowaeir, Daniah, Alvarenga, Regina, Andris, Cécile, Asgari, Nasrin, Barnett, Yael, Battistella, Roberto, Behbehani, Raed, Berger, Thomas, Bikbov, Mukharram M, Biotti, Damien, Biousse, Valerie, Boschi, Antonella, Brazdil, Milan, Brezhnev, Andrei, Calabresi, Peter A, Cordonnier, Monique, Costello, Fiona, Cruz, Franz M, Cunha, Leonardo Provetti, Daoudi, Smail, Deschamps, Romain, de Seze, Jerome, Diem, Ricarda, Etemadifar, Masoud, Flores-Rivera, Jose, Fonseca, Pedro, Frederiksen, Jette, Frohman, Elliot, Frohman, Teresa, Tilikete, Caroline Froment, Fujihara, Kazuo, Gálvez, Alberto, Gouider, Riadh, Gracia, Fernando, Grigoriadis, Nikolaos, Guajardo, José M, Habek, Mario, Hawlina, Marko, Martínez-Lapiscina, Elena H, Hooker, Juzar, Hor, Jyh Yung, Howlett, William, Huang-Link, Yumin, Idrissova, Zhannat, Illes, Zsolt, Jancic, Jasna, Jindahra, Panitha, Karussis, Dimitrios, Kerty, Emilia, Kim, Ho Jin, Lagrèze, Wolf, Leocani, Letizia, Levin, Netta, Liskova, Petra, Liu, Yaou, Maiga, Youssoufa, Marignier, Romain, McGuigan, Chris, Meira, Dália, Merle, Harold, Monteiro, Mário L R, Moodley, Anand, Moura, Frederico, Muñoz, Silvia, Mustafa, Sharik, Nakashima, Ichiro, Noval, Susana, Oehninger, Carlos, Ogun, Olufunmilola, Omoti, Afekhide, Pandit, Lekha, Paul, Friedemann, Rebolleda, Gema, Reddel, Stephen, Rejdak, Konrad, Rejdak, Robert, Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J, Rougier, Marie-Bénédicte, Sa, Maria Jose, Sanchez-Dalmau, Bernardo, Saylor, Deanna, Shatriah, Ismail, Siva, Aksel, Stiebel-Kalish, Hadas, Szatmary, Gabriella, Ta, Linh, Tenembaum, Silvia, Tran, Huy, Trufanov, Yevgen, van Pesch, Vincent, Wang, An-Guor, Wattjes, Mike P, Willoughby, Ernest, Zakaria, Magd, Zvornicanin, Jasmin, Balcer, Laura, and Plant, Gordon T

Published
2022
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11. MIF in the cerebrospinal fluid is decreased during relapsing-remitting while increased in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis

Author

Hjæresen, Simone, Sejbaek, Tobias, Axelsson, Markus, Mortensen, Sif Kløvedal, Vinsløv-Jensen, Helle, Pihl-Jensen, Gorm, Novakova, Lenka, Pedersen, Christian Bonde, Halle, Bo, Poulsen, Frantz Rom, Zhang, Mengliang, Benedikz, Eirikur, Frederiksen, Jette Lautrup, Lycke, Jan, Illes, Zsolt, and Fex-Svenningsen, Åsa

Published
2022
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12. Subcortical plaques and inflammation reflect cortical and meningeal pathologies in progressive multiple sclerosis.

Author

Okutan, Betül, Frederiksen, Jette L., Houen, Gunnar, Sellebjerg, Finn, Kyllesbech, Cecilie, Magyari, Melinda, Paunovic, Manuela, Sørensen, Per S., Jacobsen, Christina, Lassmann, Hans, and Bramow, Stephan

Subjects
*WHITE matter (Nerve tissue), *CEREBRAL cortex, *BRAIN stem, *IMMUNOGLOBULIN G, *T cells
Abstract

It remains elusive whether lesions and inflammation in the sub/juxtacortical white matter reflect cortical and/or meningeal pathologies. Elucidating this could have implications for MRI monitoring as sub/juxtacortical lesions are detectable by routine MRI, while cortical lesions and meningeal inflammation are not. By large‐area microscopy, we quantified total and mixed active plaque loads along with densities and sizes of perivascular mononuclear infiltrates (infiltrates) in the sub/juxtacortical white matter ≤2 mm from the cortex, intra‐cortically and in the meninges. Data were related to ante‐mortem clinical parameters in a false discovery rate‐corrected analysis. We compared 12 patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) and 15 with secondary progressive MS to 22 controls. Fifteen patients and 11 controls contributed with hemispheric sections. Sections were stained with haematoxylin–eosin, for myelin and for microglia/macrophages. B cells and T cells were confirmed in a subset. Immunoglobulin G depositions in selected cortical plaques resembled depositions described before in “slowly expanding” plaques in the white matter. We quantified plaque activity by measuring microglia‐dominated and macrophage‐dominated areas. Sub/juxtacortical plaques (load and activity) reflected plaque activity in the cerebral cortex. Plaque activity and infiltrates were more pronounced in the sub/juxtacortical white matter than in the cerebral cortex while conversely, the total plaque load was highest in the cortex. Infiltrates correlated trans‐cortically and sub/juxtacortical plaque activity reflected cortical and meningeal infiltrates. Sub/juxtacortical infiltrate sizes correlated with shorter survival after progression onset. Two patients with PPMS and putatively fatal brain stem lesions argue against incidental findings. Trans‐cortical inflammatory flares and plaque activity may be pathogenic in progressive MS. We suggest emphasis on sub/juxtacortical MRI lesions as plausible surrogates for cortical and meningeal pathologies and, when present, as indicators for cognitive testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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13. Longitudinal Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging Reveals Hyperreflective Foci Characteristics in Relapsing–Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients.

Author

Schmidt, Mathias Falck, Pihl-Jensen, Gorm, Larsen, Michael, and Frederiksen, Jette Lautrup

Subjects
OPTIC nerve diseases, OPTIC neuritis, OPTICAL coherence tomography, MULTIPLE sclerosis, RETINAL diseases
Abstract

Background/Objectives: Retinal hyperreflective foci, 25–50 µm in diameter, that can be imaged by noninvasive optical coherence tomography (OCT) may represent microglial activity related to inflammation. This study aimed to detect hyperreflective foci in the OCT-hyporeflective avascular outer nuclear layer of the retina in relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS) patients without ongoing eye or optic nerve disease. Methods: A cohort of 13 RRMS patients (8 eyes with and 18 eyes without prior optic neuritis) underwent retinal OCT at baseline, after 1 month, after 6 months, and then every 6 months for 3 years. The data were compared with single-examination data from 106 eyes in 53 age-matched healthy subjects. Results: The prevalence of hyperreflective foci at baseline was higher in RRMS patients than in healthy subjects (46.2% vs. 1.8%, p < 0.005). Patients with optic neuritis had much more foci than those without (p < 0.001). Hyperreflective foci recurred in 23.1% of RRMS patients, bilaterally in one with prior optic neuritis and unilaterally in two without. Conclusions: Patients with RRMS, notably those with prior optic neuritis, had elevated rates of retinal infiltration in the absence of retinal disease, suggesting that the phenomenon may represent elevated activity of an immune surveillance or housekeeping mechanism rather than retinal disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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14. The levels of the serine protease HTRA1 in cerebrospinal fluid correlate with progression and disability in multiple sclerosis

Author

Hjæresen, Simone, Sejbaek, Tobias, Axelsson, Marcus, Vinsløv-Jensen, Helle, Mortensen, Sif Kløvedal, Pihl-Jensen, Gorm, Novakova, Lenka, Christensen, Julie Damgaard Rosgaard, Pedersen, Christian Bonde, Halle, Bo, Poulsen, Frantz Rom, Lautrup Frederiksen, Jette, Zhang, Mengliang, Benedikz, Eirikur, Lycke, Jan, Illes, Zsolt, and Fex Svenningsen, Åsa

Published
2021
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15. 2021 MAGNIMS–CMSC–NAIMS consensus recommendations on the use of MRI in patients with multiple sclerosis

Author

Wattjes, Mike P, Ciccarelli, Olga, de Stefano, Nicola, Enzinger, Christian, Fazekas, Franz, Filippi, Massimo, Frederiksen, Jette, Gasperini, Claudio, Hacohen, Yael, Kappos, Ludwig, Mankad, Kshitij, Montalban, Xavier, Palace, Jacqueline, Rocca, María A, Sastre-Garriga, Jaume, Tintore, Mar, Vrenken, Hugo, Yousry, Tarek, Barkhof, Frederik, Rovira, Alex, Li, David K B, Traboulsee, Anthony, Newsome, Scott D, Banwell, Brenda, Oh, Jiwon, Reich, Daniel S, Rocca, Maria A, Tintoré, Mar, and Rovira, Àlex

Published
2021
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16. Contributors

Author

Agardh, Daniel, primary, Antvorskov, Julie, additional, Biagi, Federico, additional, Brottveit, Margit, additional, Carroccio, Antonio, additional, Chauhan, Ashish, additional, Ciacci, Carolina, additional, Frederiksen, Jette, additional, Hadjivassiliou, Marios, additional, Hervonen, Kaisa, additional, Josefsen, Knud, additional, Dahal-Koirala, Shiva, additional, Kurppa, Kalle, additional, Leffler, Daniel A., additional, Lundin, Knut E.A., additional, Makharia, Govind K., additional, Mansueto, Pasquale, additional, Passali, Moschoula, additional, Penny, Hugo A., additional, Rajput, Mahendra Singh, additional, Rej, Anupam, additional, Reunala, Timo, additional, Risnes, Louise Fremgaard, additional, Salmi, Teea, additional, Sanders, David S., additional, Schiepatti, Annalisa, additional, Seidita, Aurelio, additional, Skodje, Gry, additional, Sollid, Ludvig M., additional, Therrien, Amelie, additional, Yoosuf, Shakira, additional, Zingone, Fabiana, additional, and Zis, Panagiotis, additional

Published
2022
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18. Age-related decline in cerebral oxygen consumption in multiple sclerosis

Author

Knudsen, Maria H., Vestergaard, Mark B., Lindberg, Ulrich, Simonsen, Helle J., Frederiksen, Jette L., Cramer, Stig P., Larsson, Henrik B. W., Knudsen, Maria H., Vestergaard, Mark B., Lindberg, Ulrich, Simonsen, Helle J., Frederiksen, Jette L., Cramer, Stig P., and Larsson, Henrik B. W.

Abstract

Cerebral oxygen metabolism is altered in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), possibly a result of disease related cerebral atrophy with subsequent decreased oxygen demand. However, MS inflammation can also inhibit brain metabolism. Therefore, we measured cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) using MRI phase contrast mapping and susceptibility-based oximetry in 44 patients with early RRMS and 36 healthy controls. Cerebral atrophy and white matter lesion load were assessed from high-resolution structural MRI. Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores were collected from medical records. The CMRO2 was significantly lower in patients (−15%, p = 0.002) and decreased significantly with age in patients relative to the controls (−1.35 µmol/100 g/min/year, p = 0.036). The lower CMRO2 in RRMS was primarily driven by a higher venous oxygen saturation in the sagittal sinus (p = 0.007) and not a reduction in CBF (p = 0.69). There was no difference in cerebral atrophy between the groups, and no correlation between CMRO2 and MS lesion volume or EDSS score. Therefore, the progressive CMRO2 decline observed before the occurrence of significant cerebral atrophy and despite adequate CBF supports emerging evidence of dysfunctional cellular respiration as a potential pathogenic mechanism and therapeutic target in RRMS., Cerebral oxygen metabolism is altered in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), possibly a result of disease related cerebral atrophy with subsequent decreased oxygen demand. However, MS inflammation can also inhibit brain metabolism. Therefore, we measured cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) using MRI phase contrast mapping and susceptibility-based oximetry in 44 patients with early RRMS and 36 healthy controls. Cerebral atrophy and white matter lesion load were assessed from high-resolution structural MRI. Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores were collected from medical records. The CMRO2 was significantly lower in patients (−15%, p = 0.002) and decreased significantly with age in patients relative to the controls (−1.35 µmol/100 g/min/year, p = 0.036). The lower CMRO2 in RRMS was primarily driven by a higher venous oxygen saturation in the sagittal sinus (p = 0.007) and not a reduction in CBF (p = 0.69). There was no difference in cerebral atrophy between the groups, and no correlation between CMRO2 and MS lesion volume or EDSS score. Therefore, the progressive CMRO2 decline observed before the occurrence of significant cerebral atrophy and despite adequate CBF supports emerging evidence of dysfunctional cellular respiration as a potential pathogenic mechanism and therapeutic target in RRMS.

Published
2024

20. Age-related decline in cerebral oxygen consumption in multiple sclerosis.

Author

Knudsen, Maria H, Vestergaard, Mark B, Lindberg, Ulrich, Simonsen, Helle J, Frederiksen, Jette L, Cramer, Stig P, and Larsson, Henrik BW

Abstract

Cerebral oxygen metabolism is altered in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), possibly a result of disease related cerebral atrophy with subsequent decreased oxygen demand. However, MS inflammation can also inhibit brain metabolism. Therefore, we measured cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) using MRI phase contrast mapping and susceptibility-based oximetry in 44 patients with early RRMS and 36 healthy controls. Cerebral atrophy and white matter lesion load were assessed from high-resolution structural MRI. Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores were collected from medical records. The CMRO2 was significantly lower in patients (−15%, p = 0.002) and decreased significantly with age in patients relative to the controls (−1.35 µmol/100 g/min/year, p = 0.036). The lower CMRO2 in RRMS was primarily driven by a higher venous oxygen saturation in the sagittal sinus (p = 0.007) and not a reduction in CBF (p = 0.69). There was no difference in cerebral atrophy between the groups, and no correlation between CMRO2 and MS lesion volume or EDSS score. Therefore, the progressive CMRO2 decline observed before the occurrence of significant cerebral atrophy and despite adequate CBF supports emerging evidence of dysfunctional cellular respiration as a potential pathogenic mechanism and therapeutic target in RRMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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24. Microfibrillar-associated protein 4 as a potential marker of acute relapse in inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system: Pathological and clinical aspects

Author

Samadzadeh, Sara, primary, Olesen, Mads Nikolaj, additional, Wirenfeldt, Martin, additional, Möller, Sören, additional, Misu, Tatsuro, additional, Soelberg, Kerstin, additional, Frederiksen, Jette Lautrup, additional, Heegaard, Steffen, additional, Mariotto, Sara, additional, Fujihara, Kazuo, additional, Ruprecht, Klemens, additional, Andersen, Thomas Levin, additional, Marignier, Romain, additional, Lillevang, Søren Thue, additional, Flanagan, Eoin P, additional, Pittock, Sean J, additional, Kim, Ho Jin, additional, Bennett, Jeffrey L, additional, Paul, Friedemann, additional, Sorensen, Grith Lykke, additional, Weinshenker, Brian G, additional, Lassmann, Hans, additional, and Asgari, Nasrin, additional

Published
2023
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25. The hippocampus in multiple sclerosis

Author

Barkhof, Frederik, Ciccarelli, Olga, De Stefano, Nicola, Enzinger, Christian, Filippi, Massimo, Frederiksen, Jette L., Gasperini, Claudio, Kappos, Ludwig, Palace, Jacqueline, Rocca, Maria A., Rovira, Alex, Sastre-Garriga, Jaume, Vrenken, Hugo, Yousry, Tarek A., Rocca, Maria A, De Luca, John, Frisén, Jonas, Geurts, Jeroen J G, and Hulst, Hanneke E

Published
2018
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26. Effect of natalizumab on disease progression in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (ASCEND): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with an open-label extension

Author

Bartholomé, Emmanuel, D'Hooghe, Marie, Pandolfo, Massimo, Van Wijmeersch, Bart, Bhan, Virender, Blevins, Gregg, Brunet, Donald, Devonshire, Virginia, Duquette, Pierre, Freedman, Mark, Grand'Maison, François, Jacques, François, Lapierre, Yves, Lee, Liesly, Morrow, Sarah, Yeung, Michael, Dufek, Michal, Havrdová, Eva Kubala, Kanovsky, Petr, Stetkarova, Ivana, Talabova, Marika, Frederiksen, Jette, Kant, Matthias, Petersen, Thor, Ravnborg, Mads, Sellebjerg, Finn, Airas, Laura, Elovaara, Irina, Eralinna, Juha-Pekka, Sarasoja, Taneli, Al Khedr, Abdullatif, Brassat, David, Brochet, Bruno, Camu, William, Debouverie, Marc, Laplaud, David, Lebrun Frenay, Christine, Pelletier, Jean, Vermersch, Patrick, Vukusi, Sandra, Baum, Karl, Berthele, Achim, Faiss, Juergen, Flachenecker, Peter, Hohlfeld, Reinhard, Krumbholz, Markus, Lassek, Christoph, Maeurer, Mathias, Meuth, Sven, Ziemssen, Tjalf, Hardiman, Orla, McGuigan, Christopher, Achiron, Anat, Karussis, Dimitrios, Bergamaschi, Roberto, Morra, Vincenzo Brescia, Comi, Giancarlo, Cottone, Salvatore, Grimaldi, Luigi, Mancardi, Giovanni Luigi, Massacesi, Luca, Nocentini, Ugo, Salvetti, Marco, Scarpini, Elio, Sola, Patrizia, Tedeschi, Gioacchino, Trojano, Maria, Zaffaroni, Mauro, Frequin, Stephan, Hupperts, Raymond, Killestein, Joep, Schrijver, Hans, Van Dijl, Ronald, van Munster, Erik, Czarnecki, Maciej, Drozdowski, Wieslaw, Fryze, Waldemar, Hertmanowska, Hanka, Ilkowski, Jan, Kaminska, Anna, Klodowska-Duda, Gabriela, Maciejowski, Maciej, Motta, Ewa, Podemski, Ryszard, Potemkowski, Andrzej, Rog, Teresa, Selmaj, Krzysztof, Stelmasiak, Zbigniew, Stepien, Adam, Tutaj, Andrzej, Zaborski, Jacek, Boyko, Alexey, Chefranova, Zanna, Evdoshenko, Evgeny, Khabirov, Farit, Sivertseva, Stella, Yakupov, Eduard, Alvarez Cermeño, Jose Carlos, Escartin, Antonio, Fernandez, Oscar Fernandez, Garcia-Merino, Antonio, Hernandez Perez, Miguel Angel, Ayuso, Guillermo Izquierdo, Lallana, José Meca, Gairin, Xavier Montalban, Oreja-Guevara, Celia, Saiz Hinarejos, Albert, Gunnarsson, Martin, Lycke, Jan, Martin, Claes, Piehl, Fredrik, Roshanisefat, Homayoun, Sundstrom, Peter, Duddy, Martin, Gran, Bruno, Harrower, Timothy, Hobart, Jeremy, Kapoor, Raju, Lee, Martin, Mattison, Paul, Nicholas, Richard, Pearson, Owen, Rashid, Waqar, Rog, David, Sharrack, Basil, Silber, Eli, Turner, Ben, Williams, Anna, Woolmore, John, Young, Carolyn, Bandari, Daniel, Berger, Joseph, Camac, Ann, Cohan, Stanley, Conway, Jill, Edwards, Keith, Fabian, Michelle, Florin, Jack, Freedman, Steven, Garwacki, Dennis, Goldman, Myla, Harrison, Daniel, Herrman, Craig, Huang, Deren, Javed, Adil, Jeffery, Douglas, Kamin, Stephen, Katsamakis, George, Khatri, Bhupendra, Langer-Gould, Annette, Lynch, Sharon, Mattson, David, Miller, Tamara, Miravalle, Augusto, Moses, Harold, Muley, Suraj, Napier, James, Nielsen, Allen, Pachner, Andrew, Pardo, Gabriel, Picone, MaryAnn, Robertson, Derrick, Royal, Walter, Sheppard, Christopher, Thrower, Ben, Twyman, Cary, Waubant, Emmanuelle, Wendt, Jeanette, Yadav, Vijayshree, Zabad, Rana, Zarelli, Greg, Ho, Pei-Ran, Campbell, Nolan, Chang, Ih, Deykin, Aaron, Forrestal, Fiona, Lucas, Nisha, Yu, Bei, Arnold, Douglas L, Freedman, Mark S, Goldman, Myla D, Hartung, Hans-Peter, Miller, Aaron, Cadavid, Diego, Mikol, Dan, and Steiner, Deborah

Published
2018
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27. Prediction of a multiple sclerosis diagnosis in patients with clinically isolated syndrome using the 2016 MAGNIMS and 2010 McDonald criteria: a retrospective study

Author

Filippi, Massimo, Preziosa, Paolo, Meani, Alessandro, Ciccarelli, Olga, Mesaros, Sarlota, Rovira, Alex, Frederiksen, Jette, Enzinger, Christian, Barkhof, Frederik, Gasperini, Claudio, Brownlee, Wallace, Drulovic, Jelena, Montalban, Xavier, Cramer, Stig P, Pichler, Alexander, Hagens, Marloes, Ruggieri, Serena, Martinelli, Vittorio, Miszkiel, Katherine, Tintorè, Mar, Comi, Giancarlo, Dekker, Iris, Uitdehaag, Bernard, Dujmovic-Basuroski, Irena, and Rocca, Maria A

Published
2018
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29. Performance of five research-domain automated WM lesion segmentation methods in a multi-center MS study

Author

de Sitter, Alexandra, Steenwijk, Martijn D., Ruet, Aurélie, Versteeg, Adriaan, Liu, Yaou, van Schijndel, Ronald A., Pouwels, Petra J.W., Kilsdonk, Iris D., Cover, Keith S., van Dijk, Bob W., Ropele, Stefan, Rocca, Maria A., Yiannakas, Marios, Wattjes, Mike P., Damangir, Soheil, Frisoni, Giovanni B., Sastre-Garriga, Jaume, Rovira, Alex, Enzinger, Christian, Filippi, Massimo, Frederiksen, Jette, Ciccarelli, Olga, Kappos, Ludwig, Barkhof, Frederik, and Vrenken, Hugo

Published
2017
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33. Scanner agnostic large-scale evaluation of MS lesion delineation tool for clinical MRI

Author

Hindsholm, Amalie Monberg, primary, Andersen, Flemming Littrup, additional, Cramer, Stig Præstekjær, additional, Simonsen, Helle Juhl, additional, Askløf, Mathias Gæde, additional, Magyari, Melinda, additional, Madsen, Poul Nørgaard, additional, Hansen, Adam Espe, additional, Sellebjerg, Finn, additional, Larsson, Henrik Bo Wiberg, additional, Langkilde, Annika Reynberg, additional, Frederiksen, Jette Lautrup, additional, Højgaard, Liselotte, additional, Ladefoged, Claes Nøhr, additional, and Lindberg, Ulrich, additional

Published
2023
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34. Application of diagnostic criteria for optic neuritis – Authors' reply

Author

Petzold, Axel, primary, Liu, Yaou, additional, Fraser, Clare, additional, Abegg, Mathias, additional, Alroughani, Raed, additional, Alshowaeir, Daniah, additional, Alvarenga, Regina, additional, Andris, Cécile, additional, Asgari, Nasrin, additional, Barnett, Yael, additional, Battistella, Roberto, additional, Behbehani, Raed, additional, Berger, Thomas, additional, Bikbov, Mukharram M., additional, Biotti, Damien, additional, Biousse, Valerie, additional, Boschi, Antonella, additional, Brazdil, Milan, additional, Brezhnev, Andrei, additional, Calabresi, Peter, additional, Cordonnier, Monique, additional, Costello, Fiona, additional, Cruz, Franz Marie, additional, Cunha, Leonardo Provetti, additional, Daoudi, Smail, additional, Deschamps, Romain, additional, DeSeze, Jerome, additional, Diem, Ricarda, additional, Etemadifar, Masoud, additional, Flores-Rivera, Jose, additional, Fonseca, Pedro, additional, Frederiksen, Jette, additional, Frohman, Elliot, additional, Frohman, Teresa, additional, FromentTilikete, Caroline, additional, Fujihara, Kazuo, additional, Gálvez, Alberto, additional, Gouider, Riadh, additional, Gracia, Fernando, additional, Grigoriadis, Nikolaos, additional, Guajardo, José Manuel, additional, Habek, Mario, additional, Hawlina, Marko, additional, Hernández-Martínez de Lapiscina, Elena, additional, Hooker, Juzar, additional, Hor, Jyh Yung, additional, Howlett, William, additional, Huang-Link, Yumin, additional, Idrissova, Zhannat, additional, Illes, Zsolt, additional, Jancic, Jasna, additional, Jindahra, Panitha, additional, Karussis, Dimitrios, additional, Kerty, Emilia, additional, Kim, Ho Jin, additional, Lagrèze, Wolf, additional, Leocani, Letizia, additional, Levin, Netta, additional, Liskova, Petra, additional, Maiga, Youssoufa, additional, Marignier, Romain, additional, McGuigan, Chris, additional, Meira, Dália, additional, Merle, Harold, additional, Monteiro, Mário L.R., additional, Moodley, Anand, additional, Moura, Frederico, additional, Muñoz, Silvia, additional, Mustafa, Sharik, additional, Nakashima, Ichiro, additional, Noval, Susana, additional, Oehninger, Carlos, additional, Ogun, Olufunmilola, additional, Omoti, Afekhide, additional, Pandit, Lekha, additional, Paul, Friedemann, additional, Rebolleda, Gema, additional, Reddel, Stephen, additional, Rejdak, Konrad, additional, Rejdak, Robert, additional, Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso, additional, Rougier, Marie-Bénédicte, additional, Sa, Maria Jose, additional, Sanchez-Dalmau, Bernardo, additional, Saylor, Deanna, additional, Shatriah, Ismail, additional, Siva, Aksel, additional, Stiebel-Kalish, Hadas, additional, Szatmary, Gabriella, additional, Ta, Linh, additional, Tenembaum, Sylvia, additional, Tran, Huy, additional, Trufanov, Yevgen, additional, VanPesch, Vincent, additional, Wang, An-Guor, additional, Wattjes, Mike P., additional, Willoughby, Ernie, additional, Zakaria, Magd, additional, Zvornicanin, Jasmin, additional, Balcer, Laura, additional, and Plant, Gordon T., additional

Published
2023
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35. Efficacy of surgical treatment in patients with trigeminal neuralgia secondary to multiple sclerosis: A prospective study of 18 cases with evaluation of outcome and complications by independent evaluators

Author

Worm, Jacob, primary, Noory, Navid, additional, Smilkov, Emil Andonov, additional, Heinskou, Tone Bruvik, additional, Andersen, Anne Sofie Schott, additional, Springborg, Jacob Bertram, additional, Rochat, Per, additional, Frederiksen, Jette Lautrup, additional, Bendtsen, Lars, additional, and Maarbjerg, Stine, additional

Published
2023
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36. Microfibrillar-associated Protein 4 as Potential Marker of Acute Relapse in Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases of the Central Nervous System: Pathological and Clinical Aspects

Author

Samadzadeh, Sara, primary, Olesen, Mads Nikolaj, additional, Wirenfeldt, Martin, additional, Möller, Sören, additional, Misu, Tatsuro, additional, Soelberg, Kerstin, additional, Frederiksen, Jette Lautrup, additional, Heegaard, Steffen, additional, Mariotto, Sara, additional, Fujihara, Kazuo, additional, Ruprecht, Klemens, additional, Andersen, Thomas Levin, additional, Marignier, Romain, additional, Lillevang, Søren Thue, additional, Flanagan, Eoin P, additional, Pittock, Sean J, additional, Kim, Ho Jin, additional, Bennett, Jeffrey L, additional, Paul, Friedemann, additional, Sorensen, Grith Lykke, additional, Weinshenker, Brian G., additional, Lassmann, Hans, additional, and Asgari, Nasrin, additional

Published
2023
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37. Scanner agnostic large-scale evaluation of MS lesion delineation tool for clinical MRI

Author

Hindsholm, Amalie Monberg, Andersen, Flemming Littrup, Cramer, Stig Præstekjær, Simonsen, Helle Juhl, Askløf, Mathias Gæde, Magyari, Melinda, Madsen, Poul Nørgaard, Hansen, Adam Espe, Sellebjerg, Finn, Larsson, Henrik Bo Wiberg, Langkilde, Annika Reynberg, Frederiksen, Jette Lautrup, Højgaard, Liselotte, Ladefoged, Claes Nøhr, Lindberg, Ulrich, Hindsholm, Amalie Monberg, Andersen, Flemming Littrup, Cramer, Stig Præstekjær, Simonsen, Helle Juhl, Askløf, Mathias Gæde, Magyari, Melinda, Madsen, Poul Nørgaard, Hansen, Adam Espe, Sellebjerg, Finn, Larsson, Henrik Bo Wiberg, Langkilde, Annika Reynberg, Frederiksen, Jette Lautrup, Højgaard, Liselotte, Ladefoged, Claes Nøhr, and Lindberg, Ulrich

Abstract

Introduction: Patients with MS are MRI scanned continuously throughout their disease course resulting in a large manual workload for radiologists which includes lesion detection and size estimation. Though many models for automatic lesion segmentation have been published, few are used broadly in clinic today, as there is a lack of testing on clinical datasets. By collecting a large, heterogeneous training dataset directly from our MS clinic we aim to present a model which is robust to different scanner protocols and artefacts and which only uses MRI modalities present in routine clinical examinations. Methods: We retrospectively included 746 patients from routine examinations at our MS clinic. The inclusion criteria included acquisition at one of seven different scanners and an MRI protocol including 2D or 3D T2-w FLAIR, T2-w and T1-w images. Reference lesion masks on the training (n = 571) and validation (n = 70) datasets were generated using a preliminary segmentation model and subsequent manual correction. The test dataset (n = 100) was manually delineated. Our segmentation model https://github.com/CAAI/AIMS/ was based on the popular nnU-Net, which has won several biomedical segmentation challenges. We tested our model against the published segmentation models HD-MS-Lesions, which is also based on nnU-Net, trained with a more homogenous patient cohort. We furthermore tested model robustness to data from unseen scanners by performing a leave-one-scanner-out experiment. Results: We found that our model was able to segment MS white matter lesions with a performance comparable to literature: DSC = 0.68, precision = 0.90, recall = 0.70, f1 = 0.78. Furthermore, the model outperformed HD-MS-Lesions in all metrics except precision = 0.96. In the leave-one-scanner-out experiment there was no significant change in performance (p < 0.05) between any of the models which were only trained on part of the dataset and the full segmentation model. Conclusion: In conclusion

Published
2023

38. Efficacy of surgical treatment in patients with trigeminal neuralgia secondary to multiple sclerosis:A prospective study of 18 cases with evaluation of outcome and complications by independent evaluators

Author

Worm, Jacob, Noory, Navid, Smilkov, Emil Andonov, Heinskou, Tone Bruvik, Andersen, Anne Sofie Schott, Springborg, Jacob Bertram, Rochat, Per, Frederiksen, Jette Lautrup, Bendtsen, Lars, Maarbjerg, Stine, Worm, Jacob, Noory, Navid, Smilkov, Emil Andonov, Heinskou, Tone Bruvik, Andersen, Anne Sofie Schott, Springborg, Jacob Bertram, Rochat, Per, Frederiksen, Jette Lautrup, Bendtsen, Lars, and Maarbjerg, Stine

Abstract

Introduction Medical treatments for trigeminal neuralgia secondary to multiple sclerosis have low efficacy and tolerability and scientific evidence regarding efficacy of neurosurgery is scarce. We aimed to assess neurosurgical outcome and complications in trigeminal neuralgia secondary to multiple sclerosis. Methods Patients with trigeminal neuralgia secondary to multiple sclerosis who underwent microvascular decompression, glycerol rhizolysis or balloon compression were prospectively and consecutively included from 2012 to 2019. Preoperatively, we systematically obtained clinical characteristics and performed a 3.0 Tesla MRI. Follow-up at three, six and 12 months was performed by independent assessors. Results We included 18 patients. Of the seven patients treated with microvascular decompression, two patients (29%) had an excellent outcome (both had neurovascular contact with morphological changes), three patients (43%) had a good outcome, one patient (14%) had treatment failure and one patient (14%) had a fatal outcome. Three patients (43%) had major complications. Of 11 patients treated with percutaneous procedures, seven patients (64%) had an excellent or good outcome with major complications in three patients (27%). Conclusion Percutaneous procedures provided acceptable outcome and complication rates and should be offered to the majority of patients with trigeminal neuralgia secondary to multiple sclerosis who need surgery. Microvascular decompression is less effective and has a higher complication rate in trigeminal neuralgia secondary to multiple sclerosis compared to microvascular decompression in classical and idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia. Microvascular decompression should only be considered in patients with trigeminal neuralgia secondary to multiple sclerosis when they have neurovascular contact with morphological changes., Introduction: Medical treatments for trigeminal neuralgia secondary to multiple sclerosis have low efficacy and tolerability and scientific evidence regarding efficacy of neurosurgery is scarce. We aimed to assess neurosurgical outcome and complications in trigeminal neuralgia secondary to multiple sclerosis. Methods: Patients with trigeminal neuralgia secondary to multiple sclerosis who underwent microvascular decompression, glycerol rhizolysis or balloon compression were prospectively and consecutively included from 2012 to 2019. Preoperatively, we systematically obtained clinical characteristics and performed a 3.0 Tesla MRI. Follow-up at three, six and 12 months was performed by independent assessors. Results: We included 18 patients. Of the seven patients treated with microvascular decompression, two patients (29%) had an excellent outcome (both had neurovascular contact with morphological changes), three patients (43%) had a good outcome, one patient (14%) had treatment failure and one patient (14%) had a fatal outcome. Three patients (43%) had major complications. Of 11 patients treated with percutaneous procedures, seven patients (64%) had an excellent or good outcome with major complications in three patients (27%). Conclusion: Percutaneous procedures provided acceptable outcome and complication rates and should be offered to the majority of patients with trigeminal neuralgia secondary to multiple sclerosis who need surgery. Microvascular decompression is less effective and has a higher complication rate in trigeminal neuralgia secondary to multiple sclerosis compared to microvascular decompression in classical and idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia. Microvascular decompression should only be considered in patients with trigeminal neuralgia secondary to multiple sclerosis when they have neurovascular contact with morphological changes.

Published
2023

39. Automated detection of hyperreflective foci in the outer nuclear layer of the retina

Author

Schmidt, Mathias Falck, Christensen, Jakob Lønborg, Dahl, Vedrana Andersen, Toosy, Ahmed, Petzold, Axel, Hanson, James V.M., Schippling, Sven, Frederiksen, Jette Lautrup, Larsen, Michael, Schmidt, Mathias Falck, Christensen, Jakob Lønborg, Dahl, Vedrana Andersen, Toosy, Ahmed, Petzold, Axel, Hanson, James V.M., Schippling, Sven, Frederiksen, Jette Lautrup, and Larsen, Michael

Abstract

Purpose: Hyperreflective foci are poorly understood transient elements seen on optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the retina in both healthy and diseased eyes. Systematic studies may benefit from the development of automated tools that can map and track such foci. The outer nuclear layer (ONL) of the retina is an attractive layer in which to study hyperreflective foci as it has no fixed hyperreflective elements in healthy eyes. In this study, we intended to evaluate whether automated image analysis can identify, quantify and visualize hyperreflective foci in the ONL of the retina. Methods: This longitudinal exploratory study investigated 14 eyes of seven patients including six patients with optic neuropathy and one with mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. In total, 2596 OCT B-scan were obtained. An image analysis blob detector algorithm was used to detect candidate foci, and a convolutional neural network (CNN) trained on a manually labelled subset of data was then used to select those candidate foci in the ONL that fitted the characteristics of the reference foci best. Results: In the manually labelled data set, the blob detector found 2548 candidate foci, correctly detecting 350 (89%) out of 391 manually labelled reference foci. The accuracy of CNN classifier was assessed by manually splitting the 2548 candidate foci into a training and validation set. On the validation set, the classifier obtained an accuracy of 96.3%, a sensitivity of 88.4% and a specificity of 97.5% (AUC 0.989). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that automated image analysis and machine learning methods can be used to successfully identify, quantify and visualize hyperreflective foci in the ONL of the retina on OCT scans.

Published
2023

40. Nationwide prevalence and incidence study of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in Denmark

Author

Papp, Viktoria, Illes, Zsolt, Magyari, Melinda, Koch-Henriksen, Nils, Kant, Matthias, Pfleger, Claudia Christina, Roemer, Shanu Faerch, Jensen, Michael Broksgaard, Petersen, Annett Evelyn, Nielsen, Helle Hvilsted, Rosendahl, Lene, Mezei, Zsolt, Christensen, Tove, Svendsen, Kristina, Hyldgaard Jensen, Poul Erik, Lydolph, Magnus Christian, Heegaard, Niels, Frederiksen, Jette Lautrup, Sellebjerg, Finn, Stenager, Egon, and Petersen, Thor

Published
2018
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43. Unraveling treatment response in multiple sclerosis: A clinical and MRI challenge

Author

Gasperini, Claudio, Prosperini, Luca, Tintoré, Mar, Sormani, Maria Pia, Filippi, Massimo, Rio, Jordi, Palace, Jacqueline, Rocca, Maria A., Ciccarelli, Olga, Barkhof, Frederik, Sastre-Garriga, Jaume, Vrenken, Hugo, Frederiksen, Jette L., Yousry, Tarek A., Enzinger, Christian, Rovira, Alex, Kappos, Ludwig, Pozzilli, Carlo, Montalban, Xavier, and De Stefano, Nicola

Published
2019
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48. Scanner agnostic large-scale evaluation of MS lesion delineation tool for clinical MRI.

Author

Monberg Hindsholm, Amalie, Littrup Andersen, Flemming, Cramer, Stig Præstekjær, Simonsen, Helle Juhl, Gæde Askløf, Mathias, Magyari, Melinda, Nørgaard Madsen, Poul, Espe Hansen, Adam, Sellebjerg, Finn, Wiberg Larsson, Henrik Bo, Reynberg Langkilde, Annika, Lautrup Frederiksen, Jette, Højgaard, Liselotte, Ladefoged, Claes Nøhr, and Lindberg, Ulrich

Subjects
SCANNING systems, MAGNETIC resonance imaging, WHITE matter (Nerve tissue), MULTIPLE sclerosis, OPTIC neuritis, DISEASE progression
Abstract

Introduction: Patients with MS are MRI scanned continuously throughout their disease course resulting in a large manual workload for radiologists which includes lesion detection and size estimation. Though many models for automatic lesion segmentation have been published, few are used broadly in clinic today, as there is a lack of testing on clinical datasets. By collecting a large, heterogeneous training dataset directly from our MS clinic we aim to present a model which is robust to different scanner protocols and artefacts and which only uses MRI modalities present in routine clinical examinations. Methods: We retrospectively included 746 patients from routine examinations at our MS clinic. The inclusion criteria included acquisition at one of seven different scanners and an MRI protocol including 2D or 3D T2-w FLAIR, T2-w and T1-w images. Reference lesion masks on the training (n = 571) and validation (n = 70) datasets were generated using a preliminary segmentation model and subsequent manual correction. The test dataset (n = 100) was manually delineated. Our segmentation model https://github.com/CAAI/AIMS/ was based on the popular nnU-Net, which has won several biomedical segmentation challenges. We tested our model against the published segmentation models HD-MS-Lesions, which is also based on nnU-Net, trained with a more homogenous patient cohort. We furthermore tested model robustness to data from unseen scanners by performing a leave-one-scanner-out experiment. Results: We found that our model was able to segment MS white matter lesions with a performance comparable to literature: DSC = 0.68, precision = 0.90, recall = 0.70, f1 = 0.78. Furthermore, the model outperformed HD-MS-Lesions in all metrics except precision = 0.96. In the leave-one-scanner-out experiment there was no significant change in performance (p < 0.05) between any of the models which were only trained on part of the dataset and the full segmentation model. Conclusion: In conclusion we have seen, that by including a large, heterogeneous dataset emulating clinical reality, we have trained a segmentation model which maintains a high segmentation performance while being robust to data from unseen scanners. This broadens the applicability of the model in clinic and paves the way for clinical implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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49. Blood-brain barrier permeability changes in the first year after alemtuzumab treatment predict 2-year outcomes in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

Author

Knudsen, Maria Højberg, primary, Lindberg, Ulrich, additional, Frederiksen, Jette Lautrup, additional, Vestergaard, Mark Bitsch, additional, Simonsen, Helle Juhl, additional, Varatharaj, Aravinthan, additional, Galea, Ian, additional, Blinkenberg, Morten, additional, Sellebjerg, Finn, additional, Larsson, Henrik Bo Wiberg, additional, and Cramer, Stig Præstekjær, additional

Published
2022
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50. Real-world study of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients treated with Teriflunomide in Nordic countries: Quality-Of-Life, efficacy, safety and adherence outcomes

Author

Hestvik, Anne Lise K., primary, Frederiksen, Jette Lautrup, additional, Nielsen, Helle Hvilsted, additional, Torkildsen, Øivind, additional, Eek, Camilla, additional, Huang-Link, Yumin, additional, Haghighi, Sara, additional, Tsai, Jon A., additional, and Kant, Matthias, additional

Published
2022
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