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Contains fulltext : 245130.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) BACKGROUND: In patients with haematuria, a fast, noninvasive test with high sensitivity (SN) and negative predictive value (NPV), which is able to detect or exclude bladder cancer (BC), is needed. A newly developed urine assay, Xpert Bladder Cancer Detection (Xpert), measures five mRNA targets (ABL1, CRH, IGF2, UPK1B, and ANXA10) that are frequently overexpressed in BC. OBJECTIVE: To validate the performance of Xpert in patients with haematuria. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Voided precystoscopy urine specimens were prospectively collected at 22 sites from patients without prior BC undergoing cystoscopy for haematuria. Xpert, cytology, and UroVysion procedures were performed. Technical validation was performed and specificity (SP) was determined in patients without BC. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Test characteristics were calculated based on cystoscopy and histology results, and compared between Xpert, cytology, and UroVysion. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: We included 828 patients (mean age 64.5 yr, 467 males, 401 never smoked). Xpert had an SN of 78% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 66-87) overall and 90% (95% CI: 76-96) for high-grade (HG) tumours. The NPV was 98% (95% CI: 97-99) overall. The SP was 84% (95% CI: 81-86). In patients with microhaematuria, only one HG patient was missed (NPV 99%). Xpert had higher SN and NPV than cytology and UroVysion. Cytology had the highest SP (97%). In a separate SP study, Xpert had an SP of 89% in patients with benign prostate hypertrophy and 92% in prostate cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS: Xpert is an easy-to-use, noninvasive test with improved SN and NPV compared with cytology and UroVysion, representing a promising tool for identifying haematuric patients with a low likelihood of BC who might not need to undergo cystoscopy. PATIENT SUMMARY: Xpert is an easy-to-perform urine test with good performance compared with standard urine tests. It should help identify (micro)haematuria patients with a very low likelihood to have bladder cancer.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:Alternatives to radical cystectomy (RC) are critically needed for the treatment of high-risk BCG-unresponsive NMIBC. Vicinium is a recombinant fusion protein comprised of...

Background A fast, noninvasive test with high sensitivity (SN) and a negative predictive value (NPV), which is able to detect recurrences in bladder cancer (BC) patients, is needed. A newly developed urine assay, Xpert Bladder Cancer Monitor (Xpert), measures five mRNA targets (ABL1, CRH, IGF2, UPK1B, and ANXA10) that are frequently overexpressed in BC. Objective To validate Xpert characteristics in patients previously diagnosed with non-muscle-invasive BC. Design, setting, and participants Voided precystoscopy urine samples were prospectively collected at 22 sites. Xpert, cytology, and UroVysion were performed. If cystoscopy was suspicious for BC, a histologic examination was performed. Additionally, technical validation was performed and specificity was determined in patients without a history or clinical evidence of BC. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis Test characteristics were calculated based on cystoscopy and histology results, and compared between Xpert, cytology, and UroVysion. Results and limitations Of the eligible patients, 239 with a history of BC had results for all assays. The mean age was 71 yr; 190 patients were male, 53 never smoked, and 64% had previous intravesical immunotherapy (35%) or chemotherapy (29%). Forty-three cases of recurrences occurred. Xpert had overall SN of 74% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 60–85) and 83% (95% CI: 64–93) for high-grade (HG) tumors. The NPV was 93% (95% CI: 89–96) overall and 98% (95% CI: 94–99) for HG tumors. Specificity was 80% (95% CI: 73–85). Xpert SN and NPV were superior to those of cytology and UroVysion. Specificity in non-BC individuals (n = 508) was 95% (95% CI: 93–97). Conclusions Xpert has an improved NPV compared with UroVysion and cytology in patients under follow-up for BC. It represents a promising tool for excluding BC in these patients, reducing the need for cystoscopy. Patient summary Xpert is an easy-to-perform urine test with good performance compared with standard urine tests. It should help optimize the follow-up of recurrent bladder cancer patients.

Prostatic carcinoma is androgen dependent and, therefore, treated by orchiectomy. However, adrenal androgen secretion remains intact after orchiectomy, and several investigators even reported an increase in serum adrenal androgen concentrations after orchiectomy. Such an increase in androgen secretion theoretically could promote tumor recurrence. To investigate this question, we obtained multiple blood samples from 10 men before, within 1 week after, and up to 6 months after orchiectomy for prostatic carcinoma. Serum testosterone concentrations became unmeasurable (less than 40 ng/dl) after orchiectomy. Three of the 10 patients had transient increases of at least 50% in both serum dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and cortisol after orchiectomy, presumably due to surgical stress, but mean serum DHA and DHA sulfate (DHAS) did not increase in the group as a whole. Subsequently, serum DHA and DHAS concentrations were similar to preoperative values in all patients. Therefore, we find no evidence to support the hypothesis that adrenal androgen concentrations increase after orchiectomy.