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1. Early cave art and ancient DNA record the origin of European bison

Author

Julien Soubrier, Graham Gower, Kefei Chen, Stephen M. Richards, Bastien Llamas, Kieren J. Mitchell, Simon Y. W. Ho, Pavel Kosintsev, Michael S. Y. Lee, Gennady Baryshnikov, Ruth Bollongino, Pere Bover, Joachim Burger, David Chivall, Evelyne Crégut-Bonnoure, Jared E. Decker, Vladimir B. Doronichev, Katerina Douka, Damien A. Fordham, Federica Fontana, Carole Fritz, Jan Glimmerveen, Liubov V. Golovanova, Colin Groves, Antonio Guerreschi, Wolfgang Haak, Tom Higham, Emilia Hofman-Kamińska, Alexander Immel, Marie-Anne Julien, Johannes Krause, Oleksandra Krotova, Frauke Langbein, Greger Larson, Adam Rohrlach, Amelie Scheu, Robert D. Schnabel, Jeremy F. Taylor, Małgorzata Tokarska, Gilles Tosello, Johannes van der Plicht, Ayla van Loenen, Jean-Denis Vigne, Oliver Wooley, Ludovic Orlando, Rafał Kowalczyk, Beth Shapiro, and Alan Cooper

Subjects
Science
Abstract

The ancestry of the European bison (wisent) remains a mystery. Here, Cooper and colleagues examine ancient DNA from fossil remains of extinct bison, and reveal the wisent originated through the hybridization of the extinct Steppe bison and ancestors of modern cattle.

Published
2016
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2. Early cave art and ancient DNA record the origin of European bison

Author

Frauke Langbein, Joachim Burger, Pere Bover, Vladimir B. Doronichev, Gilles Tosello, Damien A. Fordham, Adam Ben Rohrlach, Jeremy F. Taylor, Kefei Chen, Graham Gower, Ruth Bollongino, Alexander Immel, Federica Fontana, Jared E. Decker, Katerina Douka, Maågorzata Tokarska, David Chivall, Bastien Llamas, Johannes Krause, Michael S. Y. Lee, Thomas Higham, Simon Y. W. Ho, Jan Glimmerveen, Marie-Anne Julien, Colin P. Groves, Antonio Guerreschi, Stephen M. Richards, Robert D. Schnabel, Amelie Scheu, Oleksandra Krotova, Liubov V. Golovanova, Johannes van der Plicht, Gennady F. Baryshnikov, Evelyne Crégut-Bonnoure, Pavel A. Kosintsev, Greger Larson, Rafa Kowalczyk, Ayla L. van Loenen, Ludovic Orlando, Emilia Hofman-Kamińska, Beth Shapiro, Alan Cooper, Julien Soubrier, Kieren J. Mitchell, Carole Fritz, Jean-Denis Vigne, Wolfgang Haak, Oliver Wooley, Isotope Research, Australian Research Council, European Commission, National Science Centre (Poland), Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Danish National Research Foundation, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Baylor University-Baylor University, School of Biological Sciences [Sydney], The University of Sydney, Departament de Biodiversati i Conservacio (IMEDEA, CSIC-UIB), Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats, Museum Requien, Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), University of Oxford [Oxford], Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Ferrara (UniFE), Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, Department of Archaeogenetics [Jena] (DAG), Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, University of Southampton, Natl Ukrainian Acad Sci, Inst Archaeol, Dept Stone Age, Kiev, Ukraine, Univ Tubingen, Inst Archaeol Sci Archaeo & Palaeogenet, Tubingen, Germany, Centre for Isotope Research [Groningen] (CIO), University of Groningen [Groningen], Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Section for GeoGenetics, Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, and University of Glasgow

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, General Physics and Astronomy, megafauna, Bison priscus, Megafauna, hybridization, Bison bonasus, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Holocene, Phylogeny, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Genome, biology, Bison, Fossils, American Bison, fossil record, Mitochondrial, Pleistocene, Europe, Caves, visual_art, Sequence Analysis, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Evolution, Life on Land, Science, Bison, Pleistocene, fossil record, mitochondrial genome, hybridization, Socio-culturale, Zoology, Steppe bison, DNA, Mitochondrial, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Ancient, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Paleontology, Cave, Genetics, Pleistocene extinctions, Animals, DNA, Ancient, visual_art.artwork, Cell Nucleus, geography, Human Genome, Molecular, Sequence Analysis, DNA, General Chemistry, DNA, Aurochs, biology.organism_classification, Eurpoean Bison, Bos primigenius, 030104 developmental biology, Ancient DNA, mitochondrial genome, American bison, Genome, Mitochondrial, Commentary, Cattle, Paintings
Abstract

The two living species of bison (European and American) are among the few terrestrial megafauna to have survived the late Pleistocene extinctions. Despite the extensive bovid fossil record in Eurasia, the evolutionary history of the European bison (or wisent, Bison bonasus) before the Holocene (, This research was supported by the Australian Research Council, the European Commission (PIRSES-GA-2009-247652—BIOGEAST), the Polish National Science Centre (N N304 301940 and 2013/11/B/NZ8/00914), the Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF94), the Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship (7th European Community Framework Program—MEDITADNA, PIOF-GA-2011-300854, FP7-PEOPLE) and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (N 15-04-03882).

Published
2016

3. Effect of X-ray irradiation on ancient DNA in sub-fossil bones - Guidelines for safe X-ray imaging

Author

Marion Bonazzi, Gilbert Pion, Alexander Immel, Verena J. Schuenemann, Dorothée G. Drucker, Susanne C. Münzel, Oleksandra Krotova, Frauke Langbein, Paul Tafforeau, Heiko Temming, Marie-Anne Julien, Kirsten I. Bos, Katerina Harvati, Nicholas J. Conard, Alexander Herbig, Bence Viola, Johannes Krause, Adeline Le Cabec, Anne Bridault, Jean-Jacques Hublin, Department of Archaeogenetics [Jena] (DAG), Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Univ Tubingen, Inst Archaeol Sci Archaeo & Palaeogenet, Tubingen, Germany, Department of Human Evolution [Leipzig], Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Univ Kiel, Inst Clin Mol Biol, Kiel, Germany, Univ Tubingen, Senckenberg Ctr Human Evolut & Palaeoenvironm, Tubingen, Germany, Univ Tubingen, Senckenberg Ctr Human Evolut & Palaeoecol, Palaeoanthropol, Tubingen, Germany, Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assoc Dept Rech Archeol Savoie, F-73230 St Alban Leysse, France, University of Southampton, Natl Ukrainian Acad Sci, Inst Archaeol, Dept Stone Age, Kiev, Ukraine, Univ Tubingen, Inst Archaeol Sci, Archaeozool, Tubingen, Germany, Department of Geosciences, Palaeobiology [Tübingen], University of Tübingen, Univ Toronto, Dept Anthropol, Toronto, ON, Canada, ORANGE, Colette, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, DOSE-RATE EFFECTS, Double-Strand DNA Breaks, Mineralogy, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Fossil bone, Biology, Dose level, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, DNA DAMAGE, Bone and Bones, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Nuclear magnetic resonance, DOSE, Animals, DOSE DISTRIBUTIONS, DNA, Ancient, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Fossils, Chemistry, X-Rays, X-ray, Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation, 030104 developmental biology, Ancient DNA, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, MICROTOMOGRAPHY, X ray irradiation, FOSSIL BONE, Synchrotrons
Abstract

Sub-fossilised remains may still contain highly degraded ancient DNA (aDNA) useful for palaeogenetic investigations. Whether X-ray computed [micro-] tomography ([μ]CT) imaging of these fossils may further damage aDNA remains debated. Although the effect of X-ray on DNA in living organisms is well documented, its impact on aDNA molecules is unexplored.Here we investigate the effects of synchrotron X-ray irradiation on aDNA from Pleistocene bones. A clear correlation appears between decreasing aDNA quantities and accumulating X-ray dose-levels above 2000 Gray (Gy). We further find that strong X-ray irradiation reduces the amount of nucleotide misincorporations at the aDNA molecule ends. No representative effect can be detected for doses below 200 Gy. Dosimetry shows that conventional μCT usually does not reach the risky dose level, while classical synchrotron imaging can degrade aDNA significantly. Optimised synchrotron protocols and simple rules introduced here are sufficient to ensure that fossils can be scanned without impairing future aDNA studies.

Published
2016

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