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I grandi eventi lasciano alle città ospitanti un’eredità materiale e immateriale. Nella fase post-evento l’attenzione si concentra principalmente sulla valorizzazione delle opere e dei manufatti architettonici. La storia delle Esposizioni universali del passato racconta di edifici diventanti landmark delle città: la Torre Eiffel di Parigi, l’Atomium di Bruxelles, il Padiglione oceanico di Lisbona ne sono solo alcuni esempi. Il libro propone una narrazione dei grandi eventi che guarda alla società e all’eredità immateriale delle Esposizioni universali (human legacy). L’eredità umana dell’Esposizione universale di Milano del 2015 è trattata con attenzione all’accrescimento delle opportunità e al miglioramento della qualità di vita di residenti e lavoratori e all’apprendimento di nuovi saperi da parte delle istituzioni pubbliche, private e delle associazioni locali. In vista dell’Esposizione universale di Dubai 2020, la pubblicazione presenta un racconto a più voci che unisce i risultati della ricerca sociologica, alle storie dei lavoratori-protagonisti di EXPO2015, alle conversazioni con gli amministratori locali e gli esponenti della società civile.

The Italian Goat Consortium (IGC), joined the effort of many Universities and Research Institutes, in a comprehensive study of the Italian goat population genetic makeup using a medium density (54K) SNPs chip. Currently IGC has geno- typed more than 1,000 animals from more than 30 goat breeds and populations from all Italian geographical and agro- ecological areas of goat rearing. The aim of this work is to obtain a clear picture of the Italian caprine biodiversity, to reconstruct the ancestry, to disentangle the genetic background and to assess the relationships among and within the investigated breeds. To date, the IGC dataset includes about 50 million genotypes. The data were quality checked by excluding markers and individuals on the basis of missing genotypes, minor allele frequency and close individual relatedness. Genetic relationships among and within breeds was investigated by Multi-Dimensional Scaling and Principal Component Analysis. Population structure, ancestry models and admixture were estimated by ADMIXTURE and fastSTRUCTURE software. Finally, phylogenic trees were recon- structed with PHYLIP software suite starting from shared-allele identity by state, and Reynolds distance matrices, while past migration events were modeled with TreeMix software. The results confirmed high levels of genetic polymorphism and confirmed the North-South geographical pattern of diver- sity, previously reported on a smaller sample of Italian goat breeds. The analysis also revealed a pivotal role of Central Italy in connecting the genetic resources of the northern and southern areas of the country, and confirms the genetic isola- tion of insular breeds. Moreover, some breeds show clearly distinctive and homogeneous gene pools, whereas other breeds present complex and, in some cases, dishomogeneous genetic background. Even if "A breed is a group of domestic animals, termed such by common consent of the breeders" (Lush J.L., 1994), genomic tools are useful in understanding the genetic back- ground of populations and in defining their relationships or uniqueness. These tools can complement the traditional ones in providing farmers and their associations a powerful aid for a more conscious management of goat populations and their biodiversity.

AIMS: The aim of this consensus paper is to review the available evidence on the association between moderate alcohol use, health and disease and to provide a working document to the scientific and health professional communities. DATA SYNTHESIS: In healthy adults and in the elderly, spontaneous consumption of alcoholic beverages within 30 g ethanol/d for men and 15 g/d for women is to be considered acceptable and do not deserve intervention by the primary care physician or the health professional in charge. Patients with increased risk for specific diseases, for example, women with familiar history of breast cancer, or subjects with familiar history of early cardiovascular disease, or cardiovascular patients should discuss with their physician their drinking habits. No abstainer should be advised to drink for health reasons. Alcohol use must be discouraged in specific physiological or personal situations or in selected age classes (children and adolescents, pregnant and lactating women and recovering alcoholics). Moreover, the possible interactions between alcohol and acute or chronic drug use must be discussed with the primary care physician. CONCLUSIONS: The choice to consume alcohol should be based on individual considerations, taking into account the influence on health and diet, the risk of alcoholism and abuse, the effect on behaviour and other factors that may vary with age and lifestyle. Moderation in drinking and development of an associated lifestyle culture should be fostered.

High-spin states in Hf168 were populated in the Zr96(Ge76,4n) reaction and the decay γ rays measured with the Gammasphere spectrometer array. Previously known bands were extended to significantly higher spins and seven new bands were established. The results were interpreted within the framework of the cranked shell model with the help of comparisons with neighboring nuclei. The observation of full alignment in band crossings at a rotational frequency ω~0.55 MeV revealed that these crossings are associated with proton alignments involving h11/2 and h9/2 orbitals. The characteristics of one strongly coupled high-K band indicate that the deformation-aligned configuration is built on the same six quasiparticles that constitute the high-spin structure of a rotationally aligned band. This leads to the coexistence of two coupling schemes, deformation and rotation alignment, in six-quasiparticle structures involving the same orbitals.