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Objective: To investigate the effects of tibolone on carbohydrate metabolism, and to compare these effects with those of a sequential regimen of conjugated equine estrogens and medrogestone. Methods: This was an open-label, multicentre, comparative study. Seventy-two postmenopausal women were randomized to receive either tibolone 2.5 mg/day or conjugated equine estrogens 0.6 mg plus sequential medrogestone 5 mg (CEE/M) for six 28-day cycles. Carbohydrate metabolism was evaluated at baseline and after three and six cycles of treatment by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). A blood sample was taken at 30, 60, 90 and 120 mm after glucose 75 mg dosing for determination of plasma glucose, insulin and connecting peptide (C-peptide) levels. Results: The changes from baseline of glucose, insulin and C-peptide area-under-the-curve (AUC) values were not statistically significant after 3 and 6 months of tibolone or CEE/M treatment. There was a small transitory decrease in HbA 1C after three cycles of treatment with tibolone. Conclusion: The effects of tibolone and CEE/M on carbohydrate metabolism were considered to have no clinical significance.

Zusammenfassung Zum Bau des Begattungsorgans beim Ziegenbock mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der Angioarchitektur 1. Der Bau des Ziegenpenis und insbesondere die Bindegewebestruktur des Corpus cavernosum penis werden erstmals beschrieben. Das Corpus cavernosum ist als Ganzes dem ≪fibroelastischen Typ≫ zuzuordnen, obwohl die Crura penis eine ≪vaskulare≫ Struktur besitzen. 2. Die grobere Arterien- und Venenversorgung des Ziegenpenis konnte anhand eines Materials von 26 Tieren reprasentativer als bisher ermittelt werden. 3. Die feinere Angioarchitektonik des Ziegenpenis wurde eingehend dargestellt und ihre funktionelle Bedeutung fur den Erektionsablauf diskutiert. 4. Die Schwellgewebe des Corpus spongiosum penis und des Processus urethralis stehen nicht in unmittelbarer Verbindung. Die Schwellfahigkeit der Spitzenkappe ist durch ein zweidimensionales Netz von ≪Plexusvenen“ gegeben, die einen uberwiegend elastischen Wandbau aufweisen. Summary The structure of the goat's penis, especially its angioarchitecture 1. The structure of the goat's penis and especially the arrangement of the connective tissue forming the corpus cavernosum are described for the first time. Despite the “vascular” structure of the crura penis, the corpus cavernosum as a whole can be classified as belonging to the fibroelastic type. 2. Based on the study of 26 specimens, the larger arteries and veins of the goat's penis could be described and illustrated more accurately and in a more representative manner than has been the case. 3. The micro-vascularization of the goat's penis is described and illustrated in detail, and its significance in erection is discussed. 4. The cavernous tissue of the corpus spongiosum and that of the urethral process are not directly continuous. Erection of the glans is brought about by the engorgement of a flat network of “plexus veins” the walls of which consist predominantly of elastic fibers. Resume La structure du penis du Bouc, etude speciale de l'Angio-architecture 1. Etude de la structure du penis du Bouc et, en particulier, de la disposition du tissu conjonctif formant le corps caverneux. Malgre la ≪structure vasculaire≫ des racines du penis, la totalite du corps caverneux peut etre considered comme appartenant au type f ibro-elastique. Resumen Sobre la estructura del organo copulador del cabron, con especial consideracion de su angioarquitectonica 1. Por primera vez, se describe la estructura del pene del cabron y especialmente la constitucion del tejido conjuntivo del cuerpo cavernoso del mismo. Este cuerpo cavernoso pertenece en general al ≪tipo elastico≫, a pesar de que sus raices (Crura penis) tienen mas bien una estructura ≪vascular≫. 2. La irrigacion arterial y venosa del pene del cabron se estudio de una manera mas completa que hasta ahora, gracias a un material de 26 animales. 3. Se describe detalladamente la angioarquitectonica fina del pene, discutiendose su importancia funcional para el mecanismo de la ereccion. 4. Los tejidos erectiles del cuerpo esponjoso del pene (Corpus spongiosum penis) y de la porcion terminal de la uretra (Processus urethralis) no estan en comunicacion directa. La ereccion del capuchon apical se produce debido a una red bidimensional de venas plexiformes, cuya mayoria presenta una estructura elastica de su pared.