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Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is associated with high morbidity and mortality, especially in those with severe RHD or progression of valvular disease (VD). Evaluation of the factors that predict valvular progression is important in order to improve clinical outcome.To evaluate outcome and clinical predictors of valvular progression in children with newly diagnosed RHD.A retrospective cohort study was conducted in children with newly diagnosed RHD at Dr Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia during 2013-2020. Clinical and echocardiography data at the time of diagnosis were collected and patients were followed up for 1 year. Echocardiography evaluations were undertaken to determine the progression of VD. Independent predictors of valvular progression were identified by Cox regression analysis.A total of 77 patients were recruited, 36 (46.7%) of whom were male, and the median age (range) was 12.3 years (5.9-17.8). Thirty-three (42.8%) had progression of VD in the year after diagnosis. By multivariable analysis, an age at diagnosis of10 years and high C-reactive protein (CRP) were independently associated with an increased risk of valvular progression with an adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) of 3.23 (1.09-9.60) and 3.69 (1.45-9.67), respectively.After only 1 year of follow-up, approximately four in 10 children with newly diagnosed RHD developed progression of VD. An increased risk of valvular progression was associated with being over 10 years of age and a high level of CRP.