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1. DNA methylation signatures of aggression and closely related constructs: A meta-analysis of epigenome-wide studies across the lifespan

Author: Dongen, J. (Jenny) van, Hagenbeek, F.A. (Fiona A.), Suderman, M.J. (Matthew J.), Roetman, P.J. (Peter J.), Sugden, K. (Karen), Chiocchetti, A.G. (Andreas G.), Ismail, K. (Khadeeja), Mulder, R.H. (Rosa), Hafferty, J.D. (Jonathan D.), Adams, M.J. (Mark J.), Walker, R.M. (Rosie M.), Morris, S.W. (Stewart W.), Lahti, J. (Jari), Küpers, A.M. (Marlijn), Escaramis, G. (Georgia), Alemany, S. (Silvia), Jan Bonder, M. (Marc), Meijer, M. (Mandy), Ip, H.F. (Hill F.), Jansen, R. (Rick), Baselmans, B.M.L. (Bart M. L.), Parmar, P. (Priyanka), Lowry, E. (Estelle), Streit, F. (Fabian), Sirignano, L. (Lea), Send, T.S. (Tabea S.), Frank, J. (Josef), Jylhävä, J. (Juulia), Wang, Y. (Yunzhang), Mishra, P.P. (Pashupati Prasad), Colins, O.F. (Olivier F.), Corcoran, D.L. (David L.), Poulton, R. (Richie), Mill, J. (Jonathan), Hannon, E. (Eilis), Arseneault, L. (Louise), Korhonen, T. (Tellervo), Vuoksimaa, E. (Eero), Felix, J.F. (Janine), Bakermans-Kranenburg, M.J. (Marian), Campbell, A. (Archie), Czamara, D. (Darina), Binder, E.B. (Elisabeth), Corpeleijn, E. (Eva), Gonzalez, J.R. (Juan R.), Grazuleviciene, R. (Regina), Gutzkow, K.B. (Kristine B.), Evandt, J. (Jorunn), Vafeiadi, M. (Marina), Klein, M. (Marieke), van der Meer, D. (Dennis), Ligthart, L. (Lannie), Kluft, C. (Cornelis), Davies, G.E. (Gareth E.), Hakulinen, C. (Christian), Keltikangas-Järvinen, L. (Liisa), Franke, B. (Barbara), Freitag, C.M. (Christine), Konrad, K. (Kerstin), Hervas, A. (Amaia), Fernández-Rivas, A. (Aranzazu), Vetro, A. (Agnes), Raitakari, O. (Olli), Lehtimäki, T. (Terho), Vermeiren, R.R.J.M. (Robert R.J.M.), Strandberg, T. (Timo), Räikkönen, K. (Katri), Snieder, H. (Harold), Witt, S.H. (Stephanie H), Deuschle, M. (Michael), Pedersen, N.L. (Nancy), Hägg, S. (Sara), Sunyer, J. (Jordi), Franke, L. (Lude), Kaprio, J. (Jaakko), Ollikainen, M. (Miina), Moffitt, T.E. (Terrie E.), Tiemeier, H.W. (Henning), IJzendoorn, M.H. (Rien) van, Relton, C.L. (Caroline), Vrijheid, M. (Martine), Sebert, S. (Sylvain), Jarvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), Caspi, A. (Avshalom), Evans, K.L. (Kathryn L.), McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), Bartels, M. (Meike), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret I.), Dongen, J. (Jenny) van, Hagenbeek, F.A. (Fiona A.), Suderman, M.J. (Matthew J.), Roetman, P.J. (Peter J.), Sugden, K. (Karen), Chiocchetti, A.G. (Andreas G.), Ismail, K. (Khadeeja), Mulder, R.H. (Rosa), Hafferty, J.D. (Jonathan D.), Adams, M.J. (Mark J.), Walker, R.M. (Rosie M.), Morris, S.W. (Stewart W.), Lahti, J. (Jari), Küpers, A.M. (Marlijn), Escaramis, G. (Georgia), Alemany, S. (Silvia), Jan Bonder, M. (Marc), Meijer, M. (Mandy), Ip, H.F. (Hill F.), Jansen, R. (Rick), Baselmans, B.M.L. (Bart M. L.), Parmar, P. (Priyanka), Lowry, E. (Estelle), Streit, F. (Fabian), Sirignano, L. (Lea), Send, T.S. (Tabea S.), Frank, J. (Josef), Jylhävä, J. (Juulia), Wang, Y. (Yunzhang), Mishra, P.P. (Pashupati Prasad), Colins, O.F. (Olivier F.), Corcoran, D.L. (David L.), Poulton, R. (Richie), Mill, J. (Jonathan), Hannon, E. (Eilis), Arseneault, L. (Louise), Korhonen, T. (Tellervo), Vuoksimaa, E. (Eero), Felix, J.F. (Janine), Bakermans-Kranenburg, M.J. (Marian), Campbell, A. (Archie), Czamara, D. (Darina), Binder, E.B. (Elisabeth), Corpeleijn, E. (Eva), Gonzalez, J.R. (Juan R.), Grazuleviciene, R. (Regina), Gutzkow, K.B. (Kristine B.), Evandt, J. (Jorunn), Vafeiadi, M. (Marina), Klein, M. (Marieke), van der Meer, D. (Dennis), Ligthart, L. (Lannie), Kluft, C. (Cornelis), Davies, G.E. (Gareth E.), Hakulinen, C. (Christian), Keltikangas-Järvinen, L. (Liisa), Franke, B. (Barbara), Freitag, C.M. (Christine), Konrad, K. (Kerstin), Hervas, A. (Amaia), Fernández-Rivas, A. (Aranzazu), Vetro, A. (Agnes), Raitakari, O. (Olli), Lehtimäki, T. (Terho), Vermeiren, R.R.J.M. (Robert R.J.M.), Strandberg, T. (Timo), Räikkönen, K. (Katri), Snieder, H. (Harold), Witt, S.H. (Stephanie H), Deuschle, M. (Michael), Pedersen, N.L. (Nancy), Hägg, S. (Sara), Sunyer, J. (Jordi), Franke, L. (Lude), Kaprio, J. (Jaakko), Ollikainen, M. (Miina), Moffitt, T.E. (Terrie E.), Tiemeier, H.W. (Henning), IJzendoorn, M.H. (Rien) van, Relton, C.L. (Caroline), Vrijheid, M. (Martine), Sebert, S. (Sylvain), Jarvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), Caspi, A. (Avshalom), Evans, K.L. (Kathryn L.), McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), Bartels, M. (Meike), and Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret I.)
Abstract: DNA methylation profiles of aggressive behavior may capture lifetime cumulative effects of genetic, stochastic, and environmental influences associated with aggression. Here, we report the first large meta-analysis of epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) of aggressive behavior (N = 15,324 participants). In peripheral blood samples of 14,434 participants from 18 cohorts with mean ages ranging from 7 to 68 years, 13 methylation sites were significantly associated with aggression (alpha = 1.2 × 10−7; Bonferroni correction). In cord blood samples of 2425 children from five cohorts with aggression assessed at mean ages ranging from 4 to 7 years, 83% of these sites showed the same direction of association with childhood aggression (r = 0.74, p = 0.006) but no epigenome-wide significant sites were found. Top-sites (48
Published: 2021
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2. Cortical thickness across the lifespan: Data from 17,075 healthy individuals aged 3–90 years

Author: Frangou, S. (Sophia), Modabbernia, A. (Amirhossein), Williams, S.C.R. (Steven C. R.), Papachristou, E. (Efstathios), Doucet, G.E. (Gaelle E.), Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Aghajani, M. (Moji), Akudjedu, T.N. (Theophilus N.), Albajes-Eizagirre, A. (Anton), Alnæs, D. (Dag), Alpert, K. (Kathryn), Andersson, M. (Micael), Andreasen, N.C. (Nancy C.), Andreassen, O.A. (Ole), Asherson, P. (Philip), Banaschewski, T. (Tobias), Bargallo, N. (Nuria), Baumeister, S. (Sarah), Baur-Streubel, R. (Ramona), Bertolino, A. (Alessandro), Bonvino, A. (Aurora), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret I.), Borgwardt, S. (Stefan), Bourque, J. (Josiane), Brandeis, D. (Daniel), Breier, A. (Alan), Brodaty, H. (Henry), Brouwer, R.M. (Rachel), Buitelaar, J.K. (Jan K.), Busatto, G.F. (Geraldo F.), Buckner, M., Calhoun, V.D. (Vince), Canales-Rodríguez, E.J. (Erick J.), Cannon, D.M. (Dara M.), Caseras, X. (Xavier), Castellanos, F.X. (Francisco X.), Cervenka, S. (Simon), Chaim-Avancini, T.M. (Tiffany M.), Ching, C.R.K. (Christopher), Chubar, V. (Victoria), Clark, V.P. (Vincent P.), Conrod, P. (Patricia), Conzelmann, A. (Annette), Crespo-Facorro, B. (Benedicto), Crivello, F. (Fabrice), Crone, E.A. (Eveline), Dale, A.M. (Anders), Davey, C.G. (Christopher), Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Haan, L. (Lieuwe) de, Zubicaray, G.I. (Greig) de, Braber, A. (Anouk) den, Dickie, E.W. (Erin W.), Di Giorgio, A. (Annabella), Doan, N.T. (Nhat Trung), Dørum, E.S. (Erlend S.), Ehrlich, S.M. (Stefan), Erk, S., Espeseth, T. (Thomas), Fatouros-Bergman, H. (Helena), Fisher, S.E. (Simon), Fouche, J.-P. (Jean-Paul), Franke, B. (Barbara), Frodl, T. (Thomas), Fuentes-Claramonte, P. (Paola), Glahn, D.C. (David), Gotlib, I.H. (Ian H.), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Grimm, O. (Oliver), Groenewold, N.A. (Nynke A.), Grotegerd, D. (Dominik), Gruber, O. (Oliver), Gruner, P. (Patricia), Gur, R.E. (Rachel E.), Gur, R.C. (Ruben C.), Harrison, B.J. (Ben J.), Hartman, C.A. (Catharine A.), Hatton, W., Heinz, A. (Andreas), Heslenfeld, D.J. (Dirk), Hibar, D.P. (Derrek P.), Hickie, I.B. (Ian), Ho, B.-C. (Beng-Choon), Hoekstra, P.J. (Pieter), Hohmann, S. (Sarah), Holmes, A.J. (Avram J.), Hoogman, M. (Martine), Hosten, N. (Norbert), Howells, F.M. (Fleur M.), Hulshoff Pol, H.E. (Hilleke E.), Huyser, J. (Jochanan), Jahanshad, N. (Neda), James, A., Jernigan, T.L. (Terry L.), Jiang, J. (Jiyang), Jönsson, E.G. (Erik G.), Joska, J.A. (John A.), Kahn, R. (Rene), Kalnin, A. (Andrew), Kanai, R. (Ryota), Klein, M. (Marieke), Klyushnik, T.P. (Tatyana P.), Koenders, L. (Laura), Koops, S. (Sanne), Krämer, B. (Bernd), Kuntsi, J. (Jonna), Lagopoulos, J. (Jim), Lázaro, L. (Luisa), Lebedeva, I. (Irina), Lee, W.H. (Won Hee), Lesch, K.-P. (Klaus-Peter), Lochner, C. (Christine), Machielsen, M.W.J. (Marise), Maingault, S. (Sophie), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas G.), Martínez-Zalacaín, I. (Ignacio), Mataix-Cols, D. (David), Mazoyer, B. (Bernard), McDonald, C. (Colm), McDonald, B.C. (Brenna C.), McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), McMahon, K.L. (Katie L.), McPhilemy, G. (Genevieve), Menchón, J.M. (José M.), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Meyer-Lindenberg, A. (Andreas), Naaijen, J. (Jilly), Najt, P. (Pablo), Nakao, T. (Tomohiro), Nordvik, J.E. (Jan E.), Nyberg, L. (Lisa), Oosterlaan, J. (Jaap), de la Foz, V.O.-G. (Víctor Ortiz-García), Paloyelis, Y. (Yannis), Pauli, P. (Paul), Pergola, G. (Giulio), Pomarol-Clotet, E. (Edith), Portella, M.J. (Maria J.), Potkin, S.G. (Steven G.), Radua, J. (Joaquim), Reif, A. (Andreas), Rinker, D.A. (Daniel A.), Roffman, J.L. (Joshua), Rosa, P.G.P. (Pedro G. P.), Sacchet, M.D. (Matthew D.), Sachdev, P.S. (Perminder), Salvador, R. (Raymond), Sánchez-Juan, P. (Pascual), Sarró, S. (Salvador), Satterthwaite, T.D. (Theodore), Saykin, A.J. (Andrew), Serpa, M.H. (Mauricio H.), Schmaal, L. (Lianne), Schnell, K. (Kerry), Schumann, G. (Gunter), Sim, K. (Kang), Smoller, J.W., Sommer, I. (Iris), Soriano-Mas, C. (Carles), Stein, D.J. (Dan J.), Strike, L.T. (Lachlan), Swagerman, S.C. (Suzanne C.), Tamnes, C.K. (Christian K.), Temmingh, H.S. (Henk S.), Thomopoulos, S.I. (Sophia I.), Tomyshev, A.S. (Alexander S.), Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D. (Diana), Trollor, J., Turner, J.A. (Jessica A.), Uhlmann, A. (Anne), Heuvel, O.A. (Odile A.), van den Meer, D. (Dennis), Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, van Haren, N.E.M. (Neeltje E. M.), Ent, D. (Dennis) van 't, Erp, T.G.M. (Theo G.) van, Veer, I.M. (Ilya), Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Voineskos, A. (Aristotle), Völzke, H. (Henry), Walter, H. (Henrik), Walton, E. (Esther), Wang, L. (Lei), Wang, Y. (Yang), Wassink, A.M.J. (Annemarie), Weber, B. (Bernd), Wen, W. (Wei), West, J.D. (John D.), Westlye, L.T. (Lars), Whalley, H. (Heather), Wierenga, L.M. (Lara M.), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Wolf, D.H. (Daniel H.), Worker, A. (Amanda), Wright, M.J. (Margaret J.), Yang, K. (Kun), Yoncheva, Y. (Yulyia), Zanetti, M.V. (Marcus V.), Ziegler, G.C. (Georg C.), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), Dima, D. (Danai), Frangou, S. (Sophia), Modabbernia, A. (Amirhossein), Williams, S.C.R. (Steven C. R.), Papachristou, E. (Efstathios), Doucet, G.E. (Gaelle E.), Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Aghajani, M. (Moji), Akudjedu, T.N. (Theophilus N.), Albajes-Eizagirre, A. (Anton), Alnæs, D. (Dag), Alpert, K. (Kathryn), Andersson, M. (Micael), Andreasen, N.C. (Nancy C.), Andreassen, O.A. (Ole), Asherson, P. (Philip), Banaschewski, T. (Tobias), Bargallo, N. (Nuria), Baumeister, S. (Sarah), Baur-Streubel, R. (Ramona), Bertolino, A. (Alessandro), Bonvino, A. (Aurora), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret I.), Borgwardt, S. (Stefan), Bourque, J. (Josiane), Brandeis, D. (Daniel), Breier, A. (Alan), Brodaty, H. (Henry), Brouwer, R.M. (Rachel), Buitelaar, J.K. (Jan K.), Busatto, G.F. (Geraldo F.), Buckner, M., Calhoun, V.D. (Vince), Canales-Rodríguez, E.J. (Erick J.), Cannon, D.M. (Dara M.), Caseras, X. (Xavier), Castellanos, F.X. (Francisco X.), Cervenka, S. (Simon), Chaim-Avancini, T.M. (Tiffany M.), Ching, C.R.K. (Christopher), Chubar, V. (Victoria), Clark, V.P. (Vincent P.), Conrod, P. (Patricia), Conzelmann, A. (Annette), Crespo-Facorro, B. (Benedicto), Crivello, F. (Fabrice), Crone, E.A. (Eveline), Dale, A.M. (Anders), Davey, C.G. (Christopher), Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Haan, L. (Lieuwe) de, Zubicaray, G.I. (Greig) de, Braber, A. (Anouk) den, Dickie, E.W. (Erin W.), Di Giorgio, A. (Annabella), Doan, N.T. (Nhat Trung), Dørum, E.S. (Erlend S.), Ehrlich, S.M. (Stefan), Erk, S., Espeseth, T. (Thomas), Fatouros-Bergman, H. (Helena), Fisher, S.E. (Simon), Fouche, J.-P. (Jean-Paul), Franke, B. (Barbara), Frodl, T. (Thomas), Fuentes-Claramonte, P. (Paola), Glahn, D.C. (David), Gotlib, I.H. (Ian H.), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Grimm, O. (Oliver), Groenewold, N.A. (Nynke A.), Grotegerd, D. (Dominik), Gruber, O. (Oliver), Gruner, P. (Patricia), Gur, R.E. (Rachel E.), Gur, R.C. (Ruben C.), Harrison, B.J. (Ben J.), Hartman, C.A. (Catharine A.), Hatton, W., Heinz, A. (Andreas), Heslenfeld, D.J. (Dirk), Hibar, D.P. (Derrek P.), Hickie, I.B. (Ian), Ho, B.-C. (Beng-Choon), Hoekstra, P.J. (Pieter), Hohmann, S. (Sarah), Holmes, A.J. (Avram J.), Hoogman, M. (Martine), Hosten, N. (Norbert), Howells, F.M. (Fleur M.), Hulshoff Pol, H.E. (Hilleke E.), Huyser, J. (Jochanan), Jahanshad, N. (Neda), James, A., Jernigan, T.L. (Terry L.), Jiang, J. (Jiyang), Jönsson, E.G. (Erik G.), Joska, J.A. (John A.), Kahn, R. (Rene), Kalnin, A. (Andrew), Kanai, R. (Ryota), Klein, M. (Marieke), Klyushnik, T.P. (Tatyana P.), Koenders, L. (Laura), Koops, S. (Sanne), Krämer, B. (Bernd), Kuntsi, J. (Jonna), Lagopoulos, J. (Jim), Lázaro, L. (Luisa), Lebedeva, I. (Irina), Lee, W.H. (Won Hee), Lesch, K.-P. (Klaus-Peter), Lochner, C. (Christine), Machielsen, M.W.J. (Marise), Maingault, S. (Sophie), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas G.), Martínez-Zalacaín, I. (Ignacio), Mataix-Cols, D. (David), Mazoyer, B. (Bernard), McDonald, C. (Colm), McDonald, B.C. (Brenna C.), McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), McMahon, K.L. (Katie L.), McPhilemy, G. (Genevieve), Menchón, J.M. (José M.), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Meyer-Lindenberg, A. (Andreas), Naaijen, J. (Jilly), Najt, P. (Pablo), Nakao, T. (Tomohiro), Nordvik, J.E. (Jan E.), Nyberg, L. (Lisa), Oosterlaan, J. (Jaap), de la Foz, V.O.-G. (Víctor Ortiz-García), Paloyelis, Y. (Yannis), Pauli, P. (Paul), Pergola, G. (Giulio), Pomarol-Clotet, E. (Edith), Portella, M.J. (Maria J.), Potkin, S.G. (Steven G.), Radua, J. (Joaquim), Reif, A. (Andreas), Rinker, D.A. (Daniel A.), Roffman, J.L. (Joshua), Rosa, P.G.P. (Pedro G. P.), Sacchet, M.D. (Matthew D.), Sachdev, P.S. (Perminder), Salvador, R. (Raymond), Sánchez-Juan, P. (Pascual), Sarró, S. (Salvador), Satterthwaite, T.D. (Theodore), Saykin, A.J. (Andrew), Serpa, M.H. (Mauricio H.), Schmaal, L. (Lianne), Schnell, K. (Kerry), Schumann, G. (Gunter), Sim, K. (Kang), Smoller, J.W., Sommer, I. (Iris), Soriano-Mas, C. (Carles), Stein, D.J. (Dan J.), Strike, L.T. (Lachlan), Swagerman, S.C. (Suzanne C.), Tamnes, C.K. (Christian K.), Temmingh, H.S. (Henk S.), Thomopoulos, S.I. (Sophia I.), Tomyshev, A.S. (Alexander S.), Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D. (Diana), Trollor, J., Turner, J.A. (Jessica A.), Uhlmann, A. (Anne), Heuvel, O.A. (Odile A.), van den Meer, D. (Dennis), Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, van Haren, N.E.M. (Neeltje E. M.), Ent, D. (Dennis) van 't, Erp, T.G.M. (Theo G.) van, Veer, I.M. (Ilya), Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Voineskos, A. (Aristotle), Völzke, H. (Henry), Walter, H. (Henrik), Walton, E. (Esther), Wang, L. (Lei), Wang, Y. (Yang), Wassink, A.M.J. (Annemarie), Weber, B. (Bernd), Wen, W. (Wei), West, J.D. (John D.), Westlye, L.T. (Lars), Whalley, H. (Heather), Wierenga, L.M. (Lara M.), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Wolf, D.H. (Daniel H.), Worker, A. (Amanda), Wright, M.J. (Margaret J.), Yang, K. (Kun), Yoncheva, Y. (Yulyia), Zanetti, M.V. (Marcus V.), Ziegler, G.C. (Georg C.), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), and Dima, D. (Danai)
Abstract: Delineating the association of age and cortical thickness in healthy individuals is critical given the association of cortical thickness with cognition and behavior. Previous research has shown that robust estimates of the association between age and brain morphometry require large-scale studies. In response, we used cross-sectional data from 17,075 individuals aged 3–90 years from the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium to infer age-related changes in cortical thickness. We used fractional polynomial (FP) regression to quantify the association between age and cortical thickness, and we computed normalized growth centiles using the parametric Lambda, Mu, and Sigma method. Interindividual variability was estimated using meta-analysis and one-way analysis of variance. For most regions, their highest cortical thickness value was observed in childhood. Age and cortical thickness showed a negative association; the slope was steeper up to the third decade of life and more gradual thereafter; notable exceptions to this general pattern were entorhinal, temporopolar, and anterior cingulate cortices. Interindividual variability was largest in temporal and frontal regions across the lifespan. Age and its FP combinations explained up to 59% variance in cortical thickness. These results may form the basis of further investigation on normative deviation in cortical thickness and its significance for behavioral and cognitive outcomes.
Published: 2021
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3. DNA methylation signatures of aggression and closely related constructs:a meta-analysis of epigenome-wide studies across the lifespan

Author: van Dongen, J. (Jenny), Hagenbeek, F. A. (Fiona A.), Suderman, M. (Matthew), Roetman, P. J. (Peter J.), Sugden, K. (Karen), Chiocchetti, A. G. (Andreas G.), Ismail, K. (Khadeeja), Mulder, R. H. (Rosa H.), Hafferty, J. D. (Jonathan D.), Adams, M. J. (Mark J.), Walker, R. M. (Rosie M.), Morris, S. W. (Stewart W.), Lahti, J. (Jari), Kupers, L. K. (Leanne K.), Escaramis, G. (Georgia), Alemany, S. (Silvia), Bonder, M. J. (Marc Jan), Meijer, M. (Mandy), Ip, H. F. (Hill F.), Jansen, R. (Rick), Baselmans, B. M. (Bart M. L.), Parmar, P. (Priyanka), Lowry, E. (Estelle), Streit, F. (Fabian), Sirignano, L. (Lea), Send, T. S. (Tabea S.), Frank, J. (Josef), Jylhava, J. (Juulia), Wang, Y. (Yunzhang), Mishra, P. P. (Pashupati Prasad), Colins, O. F. (Olivier F.), Corcoran, D. L. (David L.), Poulton, R. (Richie), Mill, J. (Jonathan), Hannon, E. (Eilis), Arseneault, L. (Louise), Korhonen, T. (Tellervo), Vuoksimaa, E. (Eero), Felix, J. F. (Janine F.), Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (Marian J.), Campbell, A. (Archie), Czamara, D. (Darina), Binder, E. (Elisabeth), Corpeleijn, E. (Eva), Gonzalez, J. R. (Juan R.), Grazuleviciene, R. (Regina), Gutzkow, K. B. (Kristine B.), Evandt, J. (Jorunn), Vafeiadi, M. (Marina), Klein, M. (Marieke), van der Meer, D. (Dennis), Ligthart, L. (Lannie), Kluft, C. (Cornelis), Davies, G. E. (Gareth E.), Hakulinen, C. (Christian), Keltikangas-Jarvinen, L. (Liisa), Franke, B. (Barbara), Freitag, C. M. (Christine M.), Konrad, K. (Kerstin), Hervas, A. (Amaia), Fernandez-Rivas, A. (Aranzazu), Vetro, A. (Agnes), Raitakari, O. (Olli), Lehtimaki, T. (Terho), Vermeiren, R. (Robert), Strandberg, T. (Timo), Raikkonen, K. (Katri), Snieder, H. (Harold), Witt, S. H. (Stephanie H.), Deuschle, M. (Michael), Pedersen, N. L. (Nancy L.), Hagg, S. (Sara), Sunyer, J. (Jordi), Franke, L. (Lude), Kaprio, J. (Jaakko), Ollikainen, M. (Miina), Moffitt, T. E. (Terrie E.), Tiemeier, H. (Henning), van IJzendoorn, M. H. (Marinus H.), Relton, C. (Caroline), Vrijheid, M. (Martine), Sebert, S. (Sylvain), Järvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), Caspi, A. (Avshalom), Evans, K. L. (Kathryn L.), McIntosh, A. M. (Andrew M.), Bartels, M. (Meike), Boomsma, D. I. (Dorret, I), van Dongen, J. (Jenny), Hagenbeek, F. A. (Fiona A.), Suderman, M. (Matthew), Roetman, P. J. (Peter J.), Sugden, K. (Karen), Chiocchetti, A. G. (Andreas G.), Ismail, K. (Khadeeja), Mulder, R. H. (Rosa H.), Hafferty, J. D. (Jonathan D.), Adams, M. J. (Mark J.), Walker, R. M. (Rosie M.), Morris, S. W. (Stewart W.), Lahti, J. (Jari), Kupers, L. K. (Leanne K.), Escaramis, G. (Georgia), Alemany, S. (Silvia), Bonder, M. J. (Marc Jan), Meijer, M. (Mandy), Ip, H. F. (Hill F.), Jansen, R. (Rick), Baselmans, B. M. (Bart M. L.), Parmar, P. (Priyanka), Lowry, E. (Estelle), Streit, F. (Fabian), Sirignano, L. (Lea), Send, T. S. (Tabea S.), Frank, J. (Josef), Jylhava, J. (Juulia), Wang, Y. (Yunzhang), Mishra, P. P. (Pashupati Prasad), Colins, O. F. (Olivier F.), Corcoran, D. L. (David L.), Poulton, R. (Richie), Mill, J. (Jonathan), Hannon, E. (Eilis), Arseneault, L. (Louise), Korhonen, T. (Tellervo), Vuoksimaa, E. (Eero), Felix, J. F. (Janine F.), Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (Marian J.), Campbell, A. (Archie), Czamara, D. (Darina), Binder, E. (Elisabeth), Corpeleijn, E. (Eva), Gonzalez, J. R. (Juan R.), Grazuleviciene, R. (Regina), Gutzkow, K. B. (Kristine B.), Evandt, J. (Jorunn), Vafeiadi, M. (Marina), Klein, M. (Marieke), van der Meer, D. (Dennis), Ligthart, L. (Lannie), Kluft, C. (Cornelis), Davies, G. E. (Gareth E.), Hakulinen, C. (Christian), Keltikangas-Jarvinen, L. (Liisa), Franke, B. (Barbara), Freitag, C. M. (Christine M.), Konrad, K. (Kerstin), Hervas, A. (Amaia), Fernandez-Rivas, A. (Aranzazu), Vetro, A. (Agnes), Raitakari, O. (Olli), Lehtimaki, T. (Terho), Vermeiren, R. (Robert), Strandberg, T. (Timo), Raikkonen, K. (Katri), Snieder, H. (Harold), Witt, S. H. (Stephanie H.), Deuschle, M. (Michael), Pedersen, N. L. (Nancy L.), Hagg, S. (Sara), Sunyer, J. (Jordi), Franke, L. (Lude), Kaprio, J. (Jaakko), Ollikainen, M. (Miina), Moffitt, T. E. (Terrie E.), Tiemeier, H. (Henning), van IJzendoorn, M. H. (Marinus H.), Relton, C. (Caroline), Vrijheid, M. (Martine), Sebert, S. (Sylvain), Järvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), Caspi, A. (Avshalom), Evans, K. L. (Kathryn L.), McIntosh, A. M. (Andrew M.), Bartels, M. (Meike), and Boomsma, D. I. (Dorret, I)
Abstract: DNA methylation profiles of aggressive behavior may capture lifetime cumulative effects of genetic, stochastic, and environmental influences associated with aggression. Here, we report the first large meta-analysis of epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) of aggressive behavior (N = 15,324 participants). In peripheral blood samples of 14,434 participants from 18 cohorts with mean ages ranging from 7 to 68 years, 13 methylation sites were significantly associated with aggression (alpha = 1.2 × 10−7; Bonferroni correction). In cord blood samples of 2425 children from five cohorts with aggression assessed at mean ages ranging from 4 to 7 years, 83% of these sites showed the same direction of association with childhood aggression (r = 0.74, p = 0.006) but no epigenome-wide significant sites were found. Top-sites (48 at a false discovery rate of 5% in the peripheral blood meta-analysis or in a combined meta-analysis of peripheral blood and cord blood) have been associated with chemical exposures, smoking, cognition, metabolic traits, and genetic variation (mQTLs). Three genes whose expression levels were associated with top-sites were previously linked to schizophrenia and general risk tolerance. At six CpGs, DNA methylation variation in blood mirrors variation in the brain. On average 44% (range = 3–82%) of the aggression–methylation association was explained by current and former smoking and BMI. These findings point at loci that are sensitive to chemical exposures with potential implications for neuronal functions. We hope these results to be a starting point for studies leading to applications as peripheral biomarkers and to reveal causal relationships with aggression and related traits.
Published: 2021

4. Subcortical volumes across the lifespan: Data from 18,605 healthy individuals aged 3–90 years

Author: Dima, D. (Danai), Modabbernia, A. (Amirhossein), Papachristou, E. (Efstathios), Doucet, G.E. (Gaelle E.), Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Aghajani, M. (Moji), Akudjedu, T.N. (Theophilus N.), Albajes-Eizagirre, A. (Anton), Alnæs, D. (Dag), Alpert, K. (Kathryn), Andersson, M. (Micael), Andreasen, N.C. (Nancy C.), Andreassen, O.A. (Ole), Asherson, P. (Philip), Banaschewski, T. (Tobias), Bargallo, N. (Nuria), Baumeister, S. (Sarah), Baur-Streubel, R. (Ramona), Bertolino, A. (Alessandro), Bonvino, A. (Aurora), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret I.), Borgwardt, S. (Stefan), Bourque, J. (Josiane), Brandeis, D. (Daniel), Breier, A. (Alan), Brodaty, H. (Henry), Brouwer, R.M. (Rachel), Buitelaar, J.K. (Jan K.), Busatto, G.F. (Geraldo F.), Buckner, M., Calhoun, V.D. (Vince), Canales-Rodríguez, E.J. (Erick J.), Cannon, D.M. (Dara M.), Caseras, X. (Xavier), Castellanos, F.X. (Francisco X.), Cervenka, S. (Simon), Chaim-Avancini, T.M. (Tiffany M.), Ching, C.R.K. (Christopher), Chubar, V. (Victoria), Clark, V.P. (Vincent P.), Conrod, P. (Patricia), Conzelmann, A. (Annette), Crespo-Facorro, B. (Benedicto), Crivello, F. (Fabrice), Crone, E.A. (Eveline), Dale, A.M. (Anders), Davey, C.G. (Christopher), Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Haan, L. (Lieuwe) de, Zubicaray, G.I. (Greig) de, Braber, A. (Anouk) den, Dickie, E.W. (Erin W.), Di Giorgio, A. (Annabella), Doan, N.T. (Nhat Trung), Dørum, E.S. (Erlend S.), Ehrlich, S.M. (Stefan), Erk, S., Espeseth, T. (Thomas), Fatouros-Bergman, H. (Helena), Fisher, S.E. (Simon), Fouche, J.-P. (Jean-Paul), Franke, B. (Barbara), Frodl, T. (Thomas), Fuentes-Claramonte, P. (Paola), Glahn, D.C. (David), Gotlib, I.H. (Ian H.), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Grimm, O. (Oliver), Groenewold, N.A. (Nynke A.), Grotegerd, D. (Dominik), Gruber, O. (Oliver), Gruner, P. (Patricia), Gur, R.E. (Rachel E.), Gur, R.C. (Ruben C.), Harrison, B.J. (Ben J.), Hartman, C.A. (Catharine A.), Hatton, W., Heinz, A. (Andreas), Heslenfeld, D.J. (Dirk), Hibar, D.P. (Derrek P.), Hickie, I.B. (Ian), Ho, B.-C. (Beng-Choon), Hoekstra, P.J. (Pieter), Hohmann, S. (Sarah), Holmes, A.J. (Avram J.), Hoogman, M. (Martine), Hosten, N. (Norbert), Howells, F.M. (Fleur M.), Hulshoff Pol, H.E. (Hilleke E.), Huyser, J. (Jochanan), Jahanshad, N. (Neda), James, A., Jernigan, T.L. (Terry L.), Jiang, J. (Jiyang), Jönsson, E.G. (Erik G.), Joska, J.A. (John A.), Kahn, R. (Rene), Kalnin, A. (Andrew), Kanai, R. (Ryota), Klein, M. (Marieke), Klyushnik, T.P. (Tatyana P.), Koenders, L. (Laura), Koops, S. (Sanne), Krämer, B. (Bernd), Kuntsi, J. (Jonna), Lagopoulos, J. (Jim), Lázaro, L. (Luisa), Lebedeva, I. (Irina), Lee, W.H. (Won Hee), Lesch, K.-P. (Klaus-Peter), Lochner, C. (Christine), Machielsen, M.W.J. (Marise), Maingault, S. (Sophie), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas G.), Martínez-Zalacaín, I. (Ignacio), Mataix-Cols, D. (David), Mazoyer, B. (Bernard), McDonald, C. (Colm), McDonald, B.C. (Brenna C.), McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), McMahon, K.L. (Katie L.), McPhilemy, G. (Genevieve), Menchón, J.M. (José M.), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Meyer-Lindenberg, A. (Andreas), Naaijen, J. (Jilly), Najt, P. (Pablo), Nakao, T. (Tomohiro), Nordvik, J.E. (Jan E.), Nyberg, L., Oosterlaan, J. (Jaap), de la Foz, V.O.-G. (Víctor Ortiz-García), Paloyelis, Y. (Yannis), Pauli, P. (Paul), Pergola, G. (Giulio), Pomarol-Clotet, E. (Edith), Portella, M.J. (Maria J.), Potkin, S.G. (Steven G.), Radua, J. (Joaquim), Reif, A. (Andreas), Rinker, D.A. (Daniel A.), Roffman, J.L. (Joshua), Rosa, P.G.P. (Pedro G. P.), Sacchet, M.D. (Matthew D.), Sachdev, P.S. (Perminder), Salvador, R. (Raymond), Sánchez-Juan, P. (Pascual), Sarró, S. (Salvador), Satterthwaite, T.D. (Theodore), Saykin, A.J. (Andrew), Serpa, M.H. (Mauricio H.), Schmaal, L. (Lianne), Schnell, K. (Kerry), Schumann, G. (Gunter), Sim, K. (Kang), Smoller, J.W., Sommer, I. (Iris), Soriano-Mas, C. (Carles), Stein, D.J. (Dan J.), Strike, L.T. (Lachlan), Swagerman, S.C. (Suzanne C.), Tamnes, C.K. (Christian K.), Temmingh, H.S. (Henk S.), Thomopoulos, S.I. (Sophia I.), Tomyshev, A.S. (Alexander S.), Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D. (Diana), Trollor, J., Turner, J.A. (Jessica A.), Uhlmann, A. (Anne), Heuvel, O.A. (Odile A.), van den Meer, D. (Dennis), Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, van Haren, N.E.M. (Neeltje E. M.), van't Ent, D. (Dennis), Erp, T.G.M. (Theo G.) van, Veer, I.M. (Ilya), Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Voineskos, A. (Aristotle), Völzke, H. (Henry), Walter, H. (Henrik), Walton, E. (Esther), Wang, L. (Lei), Wang, Y. (Yang), Wassink, A.M.J. (Annemarie), Weber, B. (Bernd), Wen, W. (Wei), West, J.D. (John D.), Westlye, L.T. (Lars), Whalley, H. (Heather), Wierenga, L.M. (Lara M.), Williams, S.C.R. (Steven C. R.), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Wolf, D.H. (Daniel H.), Worker, A. (Amanda), Wright, M.J. (Margaret J.), Yang, K. (Kun), Yoncheva, Y. (Yulyia), Zanetti, M.V. (Marcus V.), Ziegler, G.C. (Georg C.), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), Frangou, S. (Sophia), Dima, D. (Danai), Modabbernia, A. (Amirhossein), Papachristou, E. (Efstathios), Doucet, G.E. (Gaelle E.), Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Aghajani, M. (Moji), Akudjedu, T.N. (Theophilus N.), Albajes-Eizagirre, A. (Anton), Alnæs, D. (Dag), Alpert, K. (Kathryn), Andersson, M. (Micael), Andreasen, N.C. (Nancy C.), Andreassen, O.A. (Ole), Asherson, P. (Philip), Banaschewski, T. (Tobias), Bargallo, N. (Nuria), Baumeister, S. (Sarah), Baur-Streubel, R. (Ramona), Bertolino, A. (Alessandro), Bonvino, A. (Aurora), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret I.), Borgwardt, S. (Stefan), Bourque, J. (Josiane), Brandeis, D. (Daniel), Breier, A. (Alan), Brodaty, H. (Henry), Brouwer, R.M. (Rachel), Buitelaar, J.K. (Jan K.), Busatto, G.F. (Geraldo F.), Buckner, M., Calhoun, V.D. (Vince), Canales-Rodríguez, E.J. (Erick J.), Cannon, D.M. (Dara M.), Caseras, X. (Xavier), Castellanos, F.X. (Francisco X.), Cervenka, S. (Simon), Chaim-Avancini, T.M. (Tiffany M.), Ching, C.R.K. (Christopher), Chubar, V. (Victoria), Clark, V.P. (Vincent P.), Conrod, P. (Patricia), Conzelmann, A. (Annette), Crespo-Facorro, B. (Benedicto), Crivello, F. (Fabrice), Crone, E.A. (Eveline), Dale, A.M. (Anders), Davey, C.G. (Christopher), Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Haan, L. (Lieuwe) de, Zubicaray, G.I. (Greig) de, Braber, A. (Anouk) den, Dickie, E.W. (Erin W.), Di Giorgio, A. (Annabella), Doan, N.T. (Nhat Trung), Dørum, E.S. (Erlend S.), Ehrlich, S.M. (Stefan), Erk, S., Espeseth, T. (Thomas), Fatouros-Bergman, H. (Helena), Fisher, S.E. (Simon), Fouche, J.-P. (Jean-Paul), Franke, B. (Barbara), Frodl, T. (Thomas), Fuentes-Claramonte, P. (Paola), Glahn, D.C. (David), Gotlib, I.H. (Ian H.), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Grimm, O. (Oliver), Groenewold, N.A. (Nynke A.), Grotegerd, D. (Dominik), Gruber, O. (Oliver), Gruner, P. (Patricia), Gur, R.E. (Rachel E.), Gur, R.C. (Ruben C.), Harrison, B.J. (Ben J.), Hartman, C.A. (Catharine A.), Hatton, W., Heinz, A. (Andreas), Heslenfeld, D.J. (Dirk), Hibar, D.P. (Derrek P.), Hickie, I.B. (Ian), Ho, B.-C. (Beng-Choon), Hoekstra, P.J. (Pieter), Hohmann, S. (Sarah), Holmes, A.J. (Avram J.), Hoogman, M. (Martine), Hosten, N. (Norbert), Howells, F.M. (Fleur M.), Hulshoff Pol, H.E. (Hilleke E.), Huyser, J. (Jochanan), Jahanshad, N. (Neda), James, A., Jernigan, T.L. (Terry L.), Jiang, J. (Jiyang), Jönsson, E.G. (Erik G.), Joska, J.A. (John A.), Kahn, R. (Rene), Kalnin, A. (Andrew), Kanai, R. (Ryota), Klein, M. (Marieke), Klyushnik, T.P. (Tatyana P.), Koenders, L. (Laura), Koops, S. (Sanne), Krämer, B. (Bernd), Kuntsi, J. (Jonna), Lagopoulos, J. (Jim), Lázaro, L. (Luisa), Lebedeva, I. (Irina), Lee, W.H. (Won Hee), Lesch, K.-P. (Klaus-Peter), Lochner, C. (Christine), Machielsen, M.W.J. (Marise), Maingault, S. (Sophie), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas G.), Martínez-Zalacaín, I. (Ignacio), Mataix-Cols, D. (David), Mazoyer, B. (Bernard), McDonald, C. (Colm), McDonald, B.C. (Brenna C.), McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), McMahon, K.L. (Katie L.), McPhilemy, G. (Genevieve), Menchón, J.M. (José M.), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Meyer-Lindenberg, A. (Andreas), Naaijen, J. (Jilly), Najt, P. (Pablo), Nakao, T. (Tomohiro), Nordvik, J.E. (Jan E.), Nyberg, L., Oosterlaan, J. (Jaap), de la Foz, V.O.-G. (Víctor Ortiz-García), Paloyelis, Y. (Yannis), Pauli, P. (Paul), Pergola, G. (Giulio), Pomarol-Clotet, E. (Edith), Portella, M.J. (Maria J.), Potkin, S.G. (Steven G.), Radua, J. (Joaquim), Reif, A. (Andreas), Rinker, D.A. (Daniel A.), Roffman, J.L. (Joshua), Rosa, P.G.P. (Pedro G. P.), Sacchet, M.D. (Matthew D.), Sachdev, P.S. (Perminder), Salvador, R. (Raymond), Sánchez-Juan, P. (Pascual), Sarró, S. (Salvador), Satterthwaite, T.D. (Theodore), Saykin, A.J. (Andrew), Serpa, M.H. (Mauricio H.), Schmaal, L. (Lianne), Schnell, K. (Kerry), Schumann, G. (Gunter), Sim, K. (Kang), Smoller, J.W., Sommer, I. (Iris), Soriano-Mas, C. (Carles), Stein, D.J. (Dan J.), Strike, L.T. (Lachlan), Swagerman, S.C. (Suzanne C.), Tamnes, C.K. (Christian K.), Temmingh, H.S. (Henk S.), Thomopoulos, S.I. (Sophia I.), Tomyshev, A.S. (Alexander S.), Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D. (Diana), Trollor, J., Turner, J.A. (Jessica A.), Uhlmann, A. (Anne), Heuvel, O.A. (Odile A.), van den Meer, D. (Dennis), Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, van Haren, N.E.M. (Neeltje E. M.), van't Ent, D. (Dennis), Erp, T.G.M. (Theo G.) van, Veer, I.M. (Ilya), Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Voineskos, A. (Aristotle), Völzke, H. (Henry), Walter, H. (Henrik), Walton, E. (Esther), Wang, L. (Lei), Wang, Y. (Yang), Wassink, A.M.J. (Annemarie), Weber, B. (Bernd), Wen, W. (Wei), West, J.D. (John D.), Westlye, L.T. (Lars), Whalley, H. (Heather), Wierenga, L.M. (Lara M.), Williams, S.C.R. (Steven C. R.), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Wolf, D.H. (Daniel H.), Worker, A. (Amanda), Wright, M.J. (Margaret J.), Yang, K. (Kun), Yoncheva, Y. (Yulyia), Zanetti, M.V. (Marcus V.), Ziegler, G.C. (Georg C.), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), and Frangou, S. (Sophia)
Abstract: Age has a major effect on brain volume. However, the normative studies available are constrained by small sample sizes, restricted age coverage and significant methodological variability. These limitations introduce inconsistencies and may obscure or distort the lifespan trajectories of brain morphometry. In response, we capitalized on the resources of the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium to examine age-related trajectories inferred from cross-sectional measures of the ventricles, the basal ganglia (caudate, putamen, pallidum, and nucleus accumbens), the thalamus, hippocampus and amygdala using magnetic resonance imaging data obtained from 18,605 individuals aged 3–90 years. All subcortical structure volumes were at their maximum value early in life. The volume of the basal ganglia showed a monotonic negative association with age thereafter; there was no significant association between age and the volumes of the thalamus, amygdala and the hippocampus (with some degree of decline in thalamus) until the sixth decade of life after which they also showed a steep negative association with age. The lateral ventricles showed continuous enlargement throughout the lifespan. Age was positively associated with inter-individual variability in the hippocampus and amygdala and the lateral ventricles. These results were robust to potential confounders and could be used to examine the functional significance of deviations from typical age-related morphometric patterns.
Published: 2020
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5. ENIGMA and global neuroscience: A decade of large-scale studies of the brain in health and disease across more than 40 countries

Author: Thompson, P.M. (Paul), Jahanshad, N. (Neda), Ching, C.R.K. (Christopher), Salminen, L.E. (Lauren E.), Thomopoulos, S.I. (Sophia I.), Bright, J. (Joanna), Baune, B.T., Bertolín, S. (Sara), Bralten, L.B.C. (Linda), Bruin, W.B. (Willem B.), Bülow, R. (Robin), Chen, J. (Jian), Chye, Y. (Yann), Dannlowski, U. (Udo), de Kovel, C.G.F. (Carolien G F), Donohoe, D.J. (Dennis), Eyler, L.T. (Lisa T.), Faraone, S.V. (Stephen), Favre, P. (Pauline), Filippi, C.A. (Courtney A.), Frodl, T. (Thomas), Garijo, D. (Daniel), Gil, Y. (Yolanda), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Grasby, K.L. (Katrina L.), Hajek, T. (Tomas), Han, L.K.M. (Laura K M), Hatton, W., Hilbert, K. (Kevin), Ho, T.C. (Tiffany C.), Holleran, L. (Laurena), Homuth, G. (Georg), Hosten, N. (Norbert), Houenou, J. (Josselin), Ivanov, I. (Iliyan), Jia, T. (Tianye), Kelly, S. (Sinead), Klein, M. (Marieke), Kwon, J.S. (Jun Soo), Laansma, M.A. (Max A.), Leerssen, J. (Jeanne), Lueken, U. (Ulrike), Nunes, A. (Abraham), Neill, J.O. (Joseph O'), Opel, N. (Nils), Piras, F. (Fabrizio), Piras, F. (Federica), Postema, M.C. (Merel C.), Pozzi, E. (Elena), Shatokhina, N. (Natalia), Soriano-Mas, C. (Carles), Spalletta, G. (Gianfranco), Sun, D. (Daqiang), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Tilot, A.K. (Amanda K.), Tozzi, L. (Leonardo), van der Merwe, C. (Celia), Someren, E.J.W. (Eus) van, van Wingen, G.A. (Guido A.), Völzke, H. (Henry), Walton, E. (Esther), Wang, L. (Lei), Winkler, A.M. (Anderson), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Yun, J.-Y. (Je-Yeon), Zhang, G. (Guohao), Zhang-James, Y. (Yanli), Adhikari, B.M. (Bhim M.), Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Aghajani, M. (Moji), Aleman, A. (André), Althoff, R.R. (Robert R.), Altmann, A. (A.), Andreassen, O.A. (Ole), Baron, D.A. (David A.), Bartnik-Olson, B.L. (Brenda L.), Marie Bas-Hoogendam, J. (Janna), Baskin-Sommers, A.R. (Arielle R.), Bearden, C.E. (Carrie), Berner, L.A. (Laura A.), Boedhoe, P.S.W. (Premika S W), Brouwer, R.M. (Rachel), Buitelaar, J.K. (Jan), Caeyenberghs, K. (Karen), Cecil, C.A.M. (Charlotte), Cohen, R.A. (Ronald A.), Cole, J.H. (James H.), Conrod, P. (Patricia), De Brito, S.A. (Stephane A.), de Zwarte, S.M.C. (Sonja M C), Dennis, E.L. (Emily L.), Desrivieres, S. (Sylvane), Dima, D. (Danai), Ehrlich, S.M. (Stefan), Esopenko, C. (Carrie), Fairchild, G. (Graeme), Fisher, S.E. (Simon), Fouche, J.-P. (Jean-Paul), Francks, C. (Clyde), Frangou, S. (Sophia), Franke, B. (Barbara), Garavan, H.P. (Hugh P.), Glahn, D.C. (David), Groenewold, N.A. (Nynke A.), Gurholt, T.P. (Tiril P.), Gutman, B.A. (Boris A.), Hahn, T. (Tim), Harding, I.H. (Ian H.), Hernaus, D. (Dennis), Hibar, D.P. (Derrek P.), Hillary, F.G. (Frank G.), Hoogman, M. (Martine), Hulshoff Pol, H.E. (Hilleke E.), Jalbrzikowski, M. (Maria), Karkashadze, G.A. (George A.), Klapwijk, E.T. (Eduard T.), Knickmeyer, R.C. (Rebecca C.), Kochunov, P. (Peter), Koerte, I.K. (Inga K.), Kong, X.-Z. (Xiang-Zhen), Liew, S.-L. (Sook-Lei), Lin, A.P. (Alexander P.), Logue, M.W. (Mark W.), Luders, E. (Eileen), Macciardi, F. (Fabio), Mackey, S. (Scott), Mayer, A.R. (Andrew R.), McDonald, C.R. (Carrie R.), McMahon, A.B. (Agnes B.), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Modinos, G. (Gemma), Morey, R.A. (Rajendra A.), Mueller, S.C. (Sven C.), Mukherjee, P. (Pratik), Namazova-Baranova, L. (L.), Nir, T.M. (Talia M.), Olsen, A. (Alexander), Paschou, P. (Peristera), Pine, D.S. (Daniel S.), Pizzagalli, F. (Fabrizio), Rentería, M.E. (Miguel), Rohrer, J.D. (Jonathan D.), Sämann, P.G. (Philipp), Schmaal, L. (Lianne), Schumann, G. (Gunter), Shiroishi, M.S. (Mark S.), Sisodiya, S.M. (Sanjay), Smit, D.J.A. (Dirk J A), Sønderby, I.E. (Ida E.), Stein, D.J. (Dan J.), Stein, J.L., Tahmasian, M. (Masoud), Tate, D.F. (David F.), Turner, J. (Jessica), Heuvel, O.A. (Odile A.), Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, van der Werf, Y.D. (Ysbrand), Erp, T.G.M. (Theo G.) van, van Haren, N.E.M. (Neeltje E M), van Rooij, D. (Daan), Van Velzen, L.S., Veer, I.M. (Ilya), Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Villalon-Reina, J.E. (Julio E.), Walter, H.J. (Henrik), Whelan, C.D. (Christopher), Wilde, E.A. (Elisabeth A.), Zarei, M. (Mojtaba), Zelman, V. (Vladimir), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), Jahanshad, N. (Neda), Ching, C.R.K. (Christopher), Salminen, L.E. (Lauren E.), Thomopoulos, S.I. (Sophia I.), Bright, J. (Joanna), Baune, B.T., Bertolín, S. (Sara), Bralten, L.B.C. (Linda), Bruin, W.B. (Willem B.), Bülow, R. (Robin), Chen, J. (Jian), Chye, Y. (Yann), Dannlowski, U. (Udo), de Kovel, C.G.F. (Carolien G F), Donohoe, D.J. (Dennis), Eyler, L.T. (Lisa T.), Faraone, S.V. (Stephen), Favre, P. (Pauline), Filippi, C.A. (Courtney A.), Frodl, T. (Thomas), Garijo, D. (Daniel), Gil, Y. (Yolanda), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Grasby, K.L. (Katrina L.), Hajek, T. (Tomas), Han, L.K.M. (Laura K M), Hatton, W., Hilbert, K. (Kevin), Ho, T.C. (Tiffany C.), Holleran, L. (Laurena), Homuth, G. (Georg), Hosten, N. (Norbert), Houenou, J. (Josselin), Ivanov, I. (Iliyan), Jia, T. (Tianye), Kelly, S. (Sinead), Klein, M. (Marieke), Kwon, J.S. (Jun Soo), Laansma, M.A. (Max A.), Leerssen, J. (Jeanne), Lueken, U. (Ulrike), Nunes, A. (Abraham), Neill, J.O. (Joseph O'), Opel, N. (Nils), Piras, F. (Fabrizio), Piras, F. (Federica), Postema, M.C. (Merel C.), Pozzi, E. (Elena), Shatokhina, N. (Natalia), Soriano-Mas, C. (Carles), Spalletta, G. (Gianfranco), Sun, D. (Daqiang), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Tilot, A.K. (Amanda K.), Tozzi, L. (Leonardo), van der Merwe, C. (Celia), Someren, E.J.W. (Eus) van, van Wingen, G.A. (Guido A.), Völzke, H. (Henry), Walton, E. (Esther), Wang, L. (Lei), Winkler, A.M. (Anderson), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Yun, J.-Y. (Je-Yeon), Zhang, G. (Guohao), Zhang-James, Y. (Yanli), Adhikari, B.M. (Bhim M.), Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Aghajani, M. (Moji), Aleman, A. (André), Althoff, R.R. (Robert R.), Altmann, A. (A.), Andreassen, O.A. (Ole), Baron, D.A. (David A.), Bartnik-Olson, B.L. (Brenda L.), Marie Bas-Hoogendam, J. (Janna), Baskin-Sommers, A.R. (Arielle R.), Bearden, C.E. (Carrie), Berner, L.A. (Laura A.), Boedhoe, P.S.W. (Premika S W), Brouwer, R.M. (Rachel), Buitelaar, J.K. (Jan), Caeyenberghs, K. (Karen), Cecil, C.A.M. (Charlotte), Cohen, R.A. (Ronald A.), Cole, J.H. (James H.), Conrod, P. (Patricia), De Brito, S.A. (Stephane A.), de Zwarte, S.M.C. (Sonja M C), Dennis, E.L. (Emily L.), Desrivieres, S. (Sylvane), Dima, D. (Danai), Ehrlich, S.M. (Stefan), Esopenko, C. (Carrie), Fairchild, G. (Graeme), Fisher, S.E. (Simon), Fouche, J.-P. (Jean-Paul), Francks, C. (Clyde), Frangou, S. (Sophia), Franke, B. (Barbara), Garavan, H.P. (Hugh P.), Glahn, D.C. (David), Groenewold, N.A. (Nynke A.), Gurholt, T.P. (Tiril P.), Gutman, B.A. (Boris A.), Hahn, T. (Tim), Harding, I.H. (Ian H.), Hernaus, D. (Dennis), Hibar, D.P. (Derrek P.), Hillary, F.G. (Frank G.), Hoogman, M. (Martine), Hulshoff Pol, H.E. (Hilleke E.), Jalbrzikowski, M. (Maria), Karkashadze, G.A. (George A.), Klapwijk, E.T. (Eduard T.), Knickmeyer, R.C. (Rebecca C.), Kochunov, P. (Peter), Koerte, I.K. (Inga K.), Kong, X.-Z. (Xiang-Zhen), Liew, S.-L. (Sook-Lei), Lin, A.P. (Alexander P.), Logue, M.W. (Mark W.), Luders, E. (Eileen), Macciardi, F. (Fabio), Mackey, S. (Scott), Mayer, A.R. (Andrew R.), McDonald, C.R. (Carrie R.), McMahon, A.B. (Agnes B.), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Modinos, G. (Gemma), Morey, R.A. (Rajendra A.), Mueller, S.C. (Sven C.), Mukherjee, P. (Pratik), Namazova-Baranova, L. (L.), Nir, T.M. (Talia M.), Olsen, A. (Alexander), Paschou, P. (Peristera), Pine, D.S. (Daniel S.), Pizzagalli, F. (Fabrizio), Rentería, M.E. (Miguel), Rohrer, J.D. (Jonathan D.), Sämann, P.G. (Philipp), Schmaal, L. (Lianne), Schumann, G. (Gunter), Shiroishi, M.S. (Mark S.), Sisodiya, S.M. (Sanjay), Smit, D.J.A. (Dirk J A), Sønderby, I.E. (Ida E.), Stein, D.J. (Dan J.), Stein, J.L., Tahmasian, M. (Masoud), Tate, D.F. (David F.), Turner, J. (Jessica), Heuvel, O.A. (Odile A.), Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, van der Werf, Y.D. (Ysbrand), Erp, T.G.M. (Theo G.) van, van Haren, N.E.M. (Neeltje E M), van Rooij, D. (Daan), Van Velzen, L.S., Veer, I.M. (Ilya), Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Villalon-Reina, J.E. (Julio E.), Walter, H.J. (Henrik), Whelan, C.D. (Christopher), Wilde, E.A. (Elisabeth A.), Zarei, M. (Mojtaba), and Zelman, V. (Vladimir)
Abstract: This review summarizes the last decade of work by the ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta Analysis) Consortium, a global alliance of over 1400 scientists across 43 countries, studying the human brain in health and disease. Building on large-scale genetic studies that discovered the first robustly replicated genetic loci associated with brain metrics, ENIGMA has diversified into over 50 working groups (WGs), pooling worldwide data and expertise to answer fundamental questions in neuroscience, psychiatry, neurology, and genetics. Most ENIGMA WGs focus on specific psychiatric and neurological conditions, other WGs study normal variation due to sex and gender differences, or development and aging; still other WGs develop methodological pipelines and tools to facilitate harmonized analyses of "big data" (i.e., genetic and epigenetic data, multimodal MRI, and electroencephalography data). These international efforts have yielded the largest neuroimaging studies to date in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance use disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, epilepsy, and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. More recent ENIGMA WGs have formed to study anxiety disorders, suicidal thoughts and behavior, sleep and insomnia, eating disorders, irritability, brain injury, antisocial personality and conduct disorder, and dissociative identity disorder. Here, we summarize the first decade of ENIGMA's activities and ongoing projects, and describe the successes and challenges encountered along the way. We highlight the advantages of collaborative large-scale coordinated data analyses for testing reproducibility and robustness of findings, offering the opportunity to identify brain systems involved in clinical syndromes across diverse samples and associated genetic, environmental, demographic, cognitive, and psychosocial factors.
Published: 2020
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6. Pleiotropic contribution of MECOM and AVPR1A to aggression and subcortical brain volumes

Author: Van Donkelaar, M.M.J. (Marjolein M. J.), Hoogman, M. (Martine), Pappa, M. (Magda), Tiemeier, H.W. (Henning), Buitelaar, J.K. (Jan), Franke, B. (Barbara), Bralten, L.B.C. (Linda), Van Donkelaar, M.M.J. (Marjolein M. J.), Hoogman, M. (Martine), Pappa, M. (Magda), Tiemeier, H.W. (Henning), Buitelaar, J.K. (Jan), Franke, B. (Barbara), and Bralten, L.B.C. (Linda)
Abstract: Reactive and proactive subtypes of aggression have been recognized to help parse etiological heterogeneity of this complex phenotype. With a heritability of about 50%, genetic factors play a role in the development of aggressive behavior. Imaging studies implicate brain structures related to social behavior in aggression etiology, most notably the amygdala and striatum. This study aimed to gain more insight into the pathways from genetic risk factors for aggression to aggression phenotypes. To this end, we conducted genome-wide gene-based cross-trait meta-analyses of aggression with the volumes of amygdala, nucleus accumbens and caudate nucleus to identify genes influencing both aggression and aggression-related brain volumes. We used data of large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of: (a) aggressive behavior in children and adolescents (EAGLE, N = 18,988); and (b) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)-based volume measures of aggression-relevant subcortical brain regions (ENIGMA2, N = 13,171). Second, the identified genes were further investigated in a sample of healthy adults (mean age (SD) = 25.28 (4.62) years; 43% male) who had genome-wide genotyping data and questionnaire data on aggression subtypes available (Brain Imaging Genetics, BIG, N = 501) to study their effect on reactive and proactive subtypes of aggression. Our meta-analysis identified two genes, MECOM and AVPR1A, significantly associated with both aggression risk and nucleus accumbens (MECOM) and amygdala (AVPR1A) brain volume. Subsequent in-depth analysis of these genes in healthy adults (BIG), including sex as an interaction term in the model, revealed no significant subtype-specific gene-wide associations. Using cross-trait meta-analysis of brain measures and psychiatric phenotypes, this study generated new hypotheses about specific links between genes, the brain and behavior. Results indicate that MECOM and AVPR1A may exert an effect on aggression through mechanisms involving nucleus accum
Published: 2018
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7. Variation in a range of mTOR-related genes associates with intracranial volume and intellectual disability

Author: Reijnders, M.R.F. (Margot R.F.), Kousi, M. (M.), Woerden, G.M. (Geeske) van, Klein, M. (Marieke), Bralten, L.B.C. (Linda), Mancini, G.M.S. (Grazia), Essen, T. (Ton) van, Proietti-Onori, M. (Martina), Smeets, E.E.J. (Eric E.J.), Van Gastel, M. (M.), Stegmann, A.P.A. (A. P.A.), Stevens, S.J.C. (S. J.C.), Lelieveld, S.H. (S. H.), Gilissen, C. (Christian), Pfundt, R. (Rolph), Tan, P.L. (P. L.), Kleefstra, T. (Tjitske), Franke, B. (Barbara), Elgersma, Y. (Ype), Katsanis, N. (Nicholas), Brunner, H.G., Reijnders, M.R.F. (Margot R.F.), Kousi, M. (M.), Woerden, G.M. (Geeske) van, Klein, M. (Marieke), Bralten, L.B.C. (Linda), Mancini, G.M.S. (Grazia), Essen, T. (Ton) van, Proietti-Onori, M. (Martina), Smeets, E.E.J. (Eric E.J.), Van Gastel, M. (M.), Stegmann, A.P.A. (A. P.A.), Stevens, S.J.C. (S. J.C.), Lelieveld, S.H. (S. H.), Gilissen, C. (Christian), Pfundt, R. (Rolph), Tan, P.L. (P. L.), Kleefstra, T. (Tjitske), Franke, B. (Barbara), Elgersma, Y. (Ype), Katsanis, N. (Nicholas), and Brunner, H.G.
Abstract: De novo mutations in specific mTOR pathway genes cause brain overgrowth in the context of intellectual disability (ID). By analyzing 101 mMTOR-related genes in a large ID patient cohort and two independent population cohorts, we show that these genes modulate brain growth in health and disease. We report the mTOR activator gene RHEB as an ID gene that is associated with megalencephaly when mutated. Functional testing of mutant RHEB in vertebrate animal models indicates pathway hyperactivation with a concomitant increase in cell and head size, aberrant neuronal migration, and induction of seizures, concordant with the human phenotype. This study reveals that tight control of brain volume is exerted through a large community of mTOR-related genes. Human brain volume can be altered, by either rare disruptive events causing hyperactivation of the pathway, or through the collective effects of common alleles.
Published: 2017
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8. Novel genetic loci associated with hippocampal volume

Author: Hibar, D.P. (Derrek), Adams, H.H.H. (Hieab), Jahanshad, N. (Neda), Chauhan, G. (Ganesh), Stein, J.L., Hofer, E. (Edith), Rentería, M.E. (Miguel), Bis, J.C. (Joshua), Arias-Vásquez, A. (Alejandro), Ikram, M.K. (M. Kamran), Desrivières, S. (Sylvane), Vernooij, M.W. (Meike), Abramovic, L. (Lucija), Alhusaini, S. (Saud), Amin, N. (Najaf), Andersson, M. (Micael), Arfanakis, K. (Konstantinos), Aribisala, B. (Benjamin), Armstrong, N.J. (Nicola J.), Athanasiu, L. (Lavinia), Axelsson, T. (Tomas), Beecham, A.H. (Ashley), Beiser, A. (Alexa), Bernard, M. (Manon), Blanton, S.H. (Susan H.), Bohlken, M.M. (Marc M.), Boks, M.P.M. (Marco), Bralten, L.B.C. (Linda), Brickman, A.M. (Adam M.), Carmichael, O. (Owen), Chakravarty, M.M. (M. Mallar), Chen, Q. (Qiang), Ching, C.R.K. (Christopher), Chouraki, V. (Vincent), Cuellar-Partida, G. (Gabriel), Crivello, F. (Fabrice), Braber, A. (Anouk) den, Doan, N.T. (Nhat Trung), Ehrlich, S.M. (Stefan), Giddaluru, S. (Sudheer), Goldman, A.L. (Aaron L.), Gottesman, R.F. (Rebecca), Grimm, O. (Oliver), Griswold, M.D. (Michael), Guadalupe, T. (Tulio), Gutman, B.A. (Boris A.), Hass, J. (Johanna), Haukvik, U.K. (Unn), Hoehn, D. (David), Holmes, A.J. (Avram), Hoogman, M. (Martine), Janowitz, D. (Deborah), Jia, T. (Tianye), Jørgensen, K.N. (Kjetil N.), Karbalai, N. (Nazanin), Kasperaviciute, D. (Dalia), Kim, S. (Shinseog), Klein, M. (Marieke), Kraemer, B. (Bernd), Lee, P.H. (Phil), Liewald, D.C.M. (David), Lopez, L.M. (Lorna), Luciano, M. (Michelle), MacAre, C. (Christine), Marquand, A.F. (Andre F.), Matarin, M. (Mar), Mather, R., Mattheisen, M. (Manuel), McKay, D.R. (David R.), Milaneschi, Y. (Yuri), Muñoz Maniega, S. (Susana), Nho, K. (Kwangsik), Nugent, A.C. (Allison), Nyquist, P. (Paul), Loohuis, L.M.O. (Loes M. Olde), Oosterlaan, J. (Jaap), Papmeyer, M. (Martina), Pirpamer, L. (Lukas), Pütz, B. (Benno), Ramasamy, A. (Adaikalavan), Richards, J.S. (Jennifer S.), Risacher, S.L. (Shannon), Roiz-Santiañez, R. (Roberto), Rommelse, N. (Nanda), Ropele, S. (Stefan), Rose, E.J. (Emma), Royle, N.A. (Natalie), Rundek, T. (Tatjana), Sämann, P.G. (Philipp), Saremi, A. (Arvin), Satizabal, C.L. (Claudia), Schmaal, L. (Lianne), Schork, N.J. (Nicholas), Shen, L. (Li), Shin, J. (Jean), Shumskaya, E. (Elena), Smith, A.V. (Albert Vernon), Sprooten, R. (Roy), Strike, L.T. (Lachlan), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D. (Diana), Toro, R. (Roberto), Trabzuni, D. (Danyah), Trompet, S. (Stella), Vaidya, D. (Dhananjay), van der Grond, J. (Jeroen), Lee, S.J. (Sven) van der, Van Der Meer, D. (Dennis), Van Donkelaar, M.M.J. (Marjolein M. J.), Eijk, K.R. (Kristel) van, Erp, T.G.M. (Theo G.) van, Van Rooij, D. (Daan), Walton, E. (Esther), Westlye, L.T. (Lars), Whelan, C.D. (Christopher), Windham, B.G. (Gwen), Winkler, A.M. (Anderson), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Woldehawariat, G. (Girma), Björnsson, A. (Asgeir), Wolfers, T. (Thomas), Yanek, L.R. (Lisa), Yang, J. (Jingyun), Zijdenbos, A.P., Zwiers, M.P. (Marcel), Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Almasy, L. (Laura), Ames, D.J. (David), Amouyel, P. (Philippe), Andreassen, O.A. (Ole), Arepalli, S. (Sampath), Assareh, A.A., Barral, S. (Sandra), Bastin, M.E. (Mark), Becker, D.M. (Diane M.), Becker, J.T. (James), Bennett, D.A. (David A.), Blangero, J. (John), Bokhoven, H. (Hans) van, Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Brodaty, H. (Henry), Brouwer, R.M. (Rachel), Brunner, H.G., Buckner, M., Buitelaar, J.K. (Jan), Bulayeva, K. (Kazima), Cahn, W. (Wiepke), Calhoun, V.D. (Vince), Cannon, D.M. (Dara), Cavalleri, G. (Gianpiero), Cheng, C.-Y. (Ching-Yu), Cichon, S. (Sven), Cookson, M.R. (Mark), Corvin, A. (Aiden), Crespo-Facorro, B. (Benedicto), Curran, J.E. (Joanne), Czisch, M. (Michael), Dale, A.M. (Anders), Davies, G.E. (Gareth), Craen, A.J. (Anton) de, Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Jager, P.L. (Philip) de, Zubicaray, G.I. (Greig) de, Deary, I.J. (Ian), Debette, S. (Stéphanie), DeCarli, C. (Charles), Delanty, N., Depondt, C. (Chantal), DeStefano, A.L. (Anita), Dillman, A. (Allissa), Djurovic, S. (Srdjan), Donohoe, D.J. (Dennis), Drevets, D.A. (Douglas), Duggirala, R. (Ravi), Dyer, M.D. (Matthew), Enzinger, C. (Christian), Erk, S., Espeseth, T. (Thomas), Fedko, I.O. (Iryna O.), Fernández, G. (Guillén), Ferrucci, L. (Luigi), Fisher, S.E. (Simon), Fleischman, D. (Debra), Ford, I. (Ian), Fornage, M. (Myriam), Foroud, T. (Tatiana), Fox, P.T. (Peter), Francks, C. (Clyde), Fukunaga, M. (Masaki), Gibbs, J.R. (J. Raphael), Glahn, D.C. (David), Gollub, R.L. (Randy), Göring, H.H.H. (Harald H.), Green, R.C. (Robert C.), Gruber, O. (Oliver), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Guelfi, S. (Sebastian), Håberg, A.K. (Asta K.), Hansell, N.K. (Narelle), Hardy, J. (John), Hartman, C.A. (C.), Hashimoto, R. (Ryota), Hegenscheid, K. (Katrin), Heinz, J. (Judith), Le Hellard, S. (Stephanie), Hernandez, D.G. (Dena), Heslenfeld, D.J. (Dirk), Ho, B.-C. (Beng-Choon), Hoekstra, P.J. (Pieter), Hoffmann, W. (Wolfgang), Hofman, A. (Albert), Holsboer, F. (Florian), Homuth, G. (Georg), Hosten, N. (Norbert), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Huentelman, M.J. (Matthew), Pol, H.H., Ikeda, M. (Masashi), Jack, C.R. (Clifford R.), Jenkinson, S. (Sarah), Johnson, R. (Robert), Jönsson, E.G. (Erik G.), Jukema, J.W., Kahn, R. (René), Kanai, R. (Ryota), Kloszewska, I. (Iwona), Knopman, D.S. (David S.), Kochunov, P. (Peter), Kwok, J.B. (John B.), Lawrie, S. (Stephen), Lemaître, H. (Herve), Liu, X. (Xinmin), Longo, D.L. (Dan L.), Lopez, O.L. (Oscar L.), Lovestone, S. (Simon), Martinez, O. (Oliver), Martinot, J.-L. (Jean-Luc), Mattay, V.S. (Venkata S.), McDonald, C. (Colm), McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), McMahon, F.J. (Francis J.), McMahon, K.L. (Katie L.), Mecocci, P. (Patrizia), Melle, I. (Ingrid), Meyer-Lindenberg, A. (Andreas), Mohnke, S. (Sebastian), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant W.), Morris, D.W. (Derek W), Mosley, T.H. (Thomas H.), Mühleisen, T.W. (Thomas), Müller-Myhsok, B. (B.), Nalls, M.A. (Michael), Nauck, M. (Matthias), Nichols, T.E. (Thomas), Niessen, W.J. (Wiro), Nöthen, M.M. (Markus), Nyberg, L. (Lars), Ohi, K. (Kazutaka), Olvera, R.L. (Rene), Ophoff, R.A. (Roel), Pandolfo, M. (Massimo), Paus, T. (Tomas), Pausova, Z. (Zdenka), Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Pike, G.B. (G. Bruce), Potkin, S.G. (Steven), Psaty, B.M. (Bruce), Reppermund, S., Rietschel, M. (Marcella), Roffman, J.L. (Joshua), Seiferth, N. (Nina), Rotter, J.I. (Jerome I.), Ryten, M. (Mina), Sacco, R.L. (Ralph L.), Sachdev, P.S. (Perminder), Saykin, A.J. (Andrew), Schmidt, R. (Reinhold), Schmidt, H. (Helena), Schofield, C.J. (Christopher), Sigursson, S. (Sigurdur), Simmons, A. (Andrew), Singleton, A. (Andrew), Sisodiya, S.M. (Sanjay), Smith, C. (Colin), Smoller, J.W., Soininen, H. (H.), Steen, V.M. (Vidar), Stott, D.J. (David J.), Sussmann, J. (Jessika), Thalamuthu, A. (Anbupalam), Toga, A.W. (Arthur W.), Traynor, B. (Bryan), Troncoso, J.C. (Juan), Tsolaki, M. (Magda), Tzourio, C. (Christophe), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Hernández, M.C.V. (Maria C. Valdés), Brug, M.P. (Marcel) van der, Lugt, A. (Aad) van der, Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, Haren, N.E.M. (Neeltje E.) van, Ent, D. (Dennis) van 't, Tol, M.J.D. (Marie-José) van, Vardarajan, B.N. (Badri), Vellas, B. (Bruno), Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Völzke, H. (Henry), Walter, H.J. (Henrik), Wardlaw, J. (Joanna), Wassink, A.M.J. (Annemarie), Weale, M.E. (Michael), Weinberger, D.R. (Daniel R.), Weiner, M.W. (Michael W.), Wen, W. (Wei), Westman, E. (Eric), White, T.J.H. (Tonya), Wong, T.Y. (Tien Y.), Wright, C.B. (Clinton B.), Zielke, R.H. (Ronald H.), Zonderman, A.B., Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Longstreth Jr, W.T., Schumann, G. (Gunter), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Franke, B. (Barbara), Launer, L.J. (Lenore), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Seshadri, S. (Sudha), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), Ikram, M.K. (Kamran), Hibar, D.P. (Derrek), Adams, H.H.H. (Hieab), Jahanshad, N. (Neda), Chauhan, G. (Ganesh), Stein, J.L., Hofer, E. (Edith), Rentería, M.E. (Miguel), Bis, J.C. (Joshua), Arias-Vásquez, A. (Alejandro), Ikram, M.K. (M. Kamran), Desrivières, S. (Sylvane), Vernooij, M.W. (Meike), Abramovic, L. (Lucija), Alhusaini, S. (Saud), Amin, N. (Najaf), Andersson, M. (Micael), Arfanakis, K. (Konstantinos), Aribisala, B. (Benjamin), Armstrong, N.J. (Nicola J.), Athanasiu, L. (Lavinia), Axelsson, T. (Tomas), Beecham, A.H. (Ashley), Beiser, A. (Alexa), Bernard, M. (Manon), Blanton, S.H. (Susan H.), Bohlken, M.M. (Marc M.), Boks, M.P.M. (Marco), Bralten, L.B.C. (Linda), Brickman, A.M. (Adam M.), Carmichael, O. (Owen), Chakravarty, M.M. (M. Mallar), Chen, Q. (Qiang), Ching, C.R.K. (Christopher), Chouraki, V. (Vincent), Cuellar-Partida, G. (Gabriel), Crivello, F. (Fabrice), Braber, A. (Anouk) den, Doan, N.T. (Nhat Trung), Ehrlich, S.M. (Stefan), Giddaluru, S. (Sudheer), Goldman, A.L. (Aaron L.), Gottesman, R.F. (Rebecca), Grimm, O. (Oliver), Griswold, M.D. (Michael), Guadalupe, T. (Tulio), Gutman, B.A. (Boris A.), Hass, J. (Johanna), Haukvik, U.K. (Unn), Hoehn, D. (David), Holmes, A.J. (Avram), Hoogman, M. (Martine), Janowitz, D. (Deborah), Jia, T. (Tianye), Jørgensen, K.N. (Kjetil N.), Karbalai, N. (Nazanin), Kasperaviciute, D. (Dalia), Kim, S. (Shinseog), Klein, M. (Marieke), Kraemer, B. (Bernd), Lee, P.H. (Phil), Liewald, D.C.M. (David), Lopez, L.M. (Lorna), Luciano, M. (Michelle), MacAre, C. (Christine), Marquand, A.F. (Andre F.), Matarin, M. (Mar), Mather, R., Mattheisen, M. (Manuel), McKay, D.R. (David R.), Milaneschi, Y. (Yuri), Muñoz Maniega, S. (Susana), Nho, K. (Kwangsik), Nugent, A.C. (Allison), Nyquist, P. (Paul), Loohuis, L.M.O. (Loes M. Olde), Oosterlaan, J. (Jaap), Papmeyer, M. (Martina), Pirpamer, L. (Lukas), Pütz, B. (Benno), Ramasamy, A. (Adaikalavan), Richards, J.S. (Jennifer S.), Risacher, S.L. (Shannon), Roiz-Santiañez, R. (Roberto), Rommelse, N. (Nanda), Ropele, S. (Stefan), Rose, E.J. (Emma), Royle, N.A. (Natalie), Rundek, T. (Tatjana), Sämann, P.G. (Philipp), Saremi, A. (Arvin), Satizabal, C.L. (Claudia), Schmaal, L. (Lianne), Schork, N.J. (Nicholas), Shen, L. (Li), Shin, J. (Jean), Shumskaya, E. (Elena), Smith, A.V. (Albert Vernon), Sprooten, R. (Roy), Strike, L.T. (Lachlan), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D. (Diana), Toro, R. (Roberto), Trabzuni, D. (Danyah), Trompet, S. (Stella), Vaidya, D. (Dhananjay), van der Grond, J. (Jeroen), Lee, S.J. (Sven) van der, Van Der Meer, D. (Dennis), Van Donkelaar, M.M.J. (Marjolein M. J.), Eijk, K.R. (Kristel) van, Erp, T.G.M. (Theo G.) van, Van Rooij, D. (Daan), Walton, E. (Esther), Westlye, L.T. (Lars), Whelan, C.D. (Christopher), Windham, B.G. (Gwen), Winkler, A.M. (Anderson), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Woldehawariat, G. (Girma), Björnsson, A. (Asgeir), Wolfers, T. (Thomas), Yanek, L.R. (Lisa), Yang, J. (Jingyun), Zijdenbos, A.P., Zwiers, M.P. (Marcel), Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Almasy, L. (Laura), Ames, D.J. (David), Amouyel, P. (Philippe), Andreassen, O.A. (Ole), Arepalli, S. (Sampath), Assareh, A.A., Barral, S. (Sandra), Bastin, M.E. (Mark), Becker, D.M. (Diane M.), Becker, J.T. (James), Bennett, D.A. (David A.), Blangero, J. (John), Bokhoven, H. (Hans) van, Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Brodaty, H. (Henry), Brouwer, R.M. (Rachel), Brunner, H.G., Buckner, M., Buitelaar, J.K. (Jan), Bulayeva, K. (Kazima), Cahn, W. (Wiepke), Calhoun, V.D. (Vince), Cannon, D.M. (Dara), Cavalleri, G. (Gianpiero), Cheng, C.-Y. (Ching-Yu), Cichon, S. (Sven), Cookson, M.R. (Mark), Corvin, A. (Aiden), Crespo-Facorro, B. (Benedicto), Curran, J.E. (Joanne), Czisch, M. (Michael), Dale, A.M. (Anders), Davies, G.E. (Gareth), Craen, A.J. (Anton) de, Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Jager, P.L. (Philip) de, Zubicaray, G.I. (Greig) de, Deary, I.J. (Ian), Debette, S. (Stéphanie), DeCarli, C. (Charles), Delanty, N., Depondt, C. (Chantal), DeStefano, A.L. (Anita), Dillman, A. (Allissa), Djurovic, S. (Srdjan), Donohoe, D.J. (Dennis), Drevets, D.A. (Douglas), Duggirala, R. (Ravi), Dyer, M.D. (Matthew), Enzinger, C. (Christian), Erk, S., Espeseth, T. (Thomas), Fedko, I.O. (Iryna O.), Fernández, G. (Guillén), Ferrucci, L. (Luigi), Fisher, S.E. (Simon), Fleischman, D. (Debra), Ford, I. (Ian), Fornage, M. (Myriam), Foroud, T. (Tatiana), Fox, P.T. (Peter), Francks, C. (Clyde), Fukunaga, M. (Masaki), Gibbs, J.R. (J. Raphael), Glahn, D.C. (David), Gollub, R.L. (Randy), Göring, H.H.H. (Harald H.), Green, R.C. (Robert C.), Gruber, O. (Oliver), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Guelfi, S. (Sebastian), Håberg, A.K. (Asta K.), Hansell, N.K. (Narelle), Hardy, J. (John), Hartman, C.A. (C.), Hashimoto, R. (Ryota), Hegenscheid, K. (Katrin), Heinz, J. (Judith), Le Hellard, S. (Stephanie), Hernandez, D.G. (Dena), Heslenfeld, D.J. (Dirk), Ho, B.-C. (Beng-Choon), Hoekstra, P.J. (Pieter), Hoffmann, W. (Wolfgang), Hofman, A. (Albert), Holsboer, F. (Florian), Homuth, G. (Georg), Hosten, N. (Norbert), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Huentelman, M.J. (Matthew), Pol, H.H., Ikeda, M. (Masashi), Jack, C.R. (Clifford R.), Jenkinson, S. (Sarah), Johnson, R. (Robert), Jönsson, E.G. (Erik G.), Jukema, J.W., Kahn, R. (René), Kanai, R. (Ryota), Kloszewska, I. (Iwona), Knopman, D.S. (David S.), Kochunov, P. (Peter), Kwok, J.B. (John B.), Lawrie, S. (Stephen), Lemaître, H. (Herve), Liu, X. (Xinmin), Longo, D.L. (Dan L.), Lopez, O.L. (Oscar L.), Lovestone, S. (Simon), Martinez, O. (Oliver), Martinot, J.-L. (Jean-Luc), Mattay, V.S. (Venkata S.), McDonald, C. (Colm), McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), McMahon, F.J. (Francis J.), McMahon, K.L. (Katie L.), Mecocci, P. (Patrizia), Melle, I. (Ingrid), Meyer-Lindenberg, A. (Andreas), Mohnke, S. (Sebastian), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant W.), Morris, D.W. (Derek W), Mosley, T.H. (Thomas H.), Mühleisen, T.W. (Thomas), Müller-Myhsok, B. (B.), Nalls, M.A. (Michael), Nauck, M. (Matthias), Nichols, T.E. (Thomas), Niessen, W.J. (Wiro), Nöthen, M.M. (Markus), Nyberg, L. (Lars), Ohi, K. (Kazutaka), Olvera, R.L. (Rene), Ophoff, R.A. (Roel), Pandolfo, M. (Massimo), Paus, T. (Tomas), Pausova, Z. (Zdenka), Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Pike, G.B. (G. Bruce), Potkin, S.G. (Steven), Psaty, B.M. (Bruce), Reppermund, S., Rietschel, M. (Marcella), Roffman, J.L. (Joshua), Seiferth, N. (Nina), Rotter, J.I. (Jerome I.), Ryten, M. (Mina), Sacco, R.L. (Ralph L.), Sachdev, P.S. (Perminder), Saykin, A.J. (Andrew), Schmidt, R. (Reinhold), Schmidt, H. (Helena), Schofield, C.J. (Christopher), Sigursson, S. (Sigurdur), Simmons, A. (Andrew), Singleton, A. (Andrew), Sisodiya, S.M. (Sanjay), Smith, C. (Colin), Smoller, J.W., Soininen, H. (H.), Steen, V.M. (Vidar), Stott, D.J. (David J.), Sussmann, J. (Jessika), Thalamuthu, A. (Anbupalam), Toga, A.W. (Arthur W.), Traynor, B. (Bryan), Troncoso, J.C. (Juan), Tsolaki, M. (Magda), Tzourio, C. (Christophe), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Hernández, M.C.V. (Maria C. Valdés), Brug, M.P. (Marcel) van der, Lugt, A. (Aad) van der, Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, Haren, N.E.M. (Neeltje E.) van, Ent, D. (Dennis) van 't, Tol, M.J.D. (Marie-José) van, Vardarajan, B.N. (Badri), Vellas, B. (Bruno), Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Völzke, H. (Henry), Walter, H.J. (Henrik), Wardlaw, J. (Joanna), Wassink, A.M.J. (Annemarie), Weale, M.E. (Michael), Weinberger, D.R. (Daniel R.), Weiner, M.W. (Michael W.), Wen, W. (Wei), Westman, E. (Eric), White, T.J.H. (Tonya), Wong, T.Y. (Tien Y.), Wright, C.B. (Clinton B.), Zielke, R.H. (Ronald H.), Zonderman, A.B., Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Longstreth Jr, W.T., Schumann, G. (Gunter), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Franke, B. (Barbara), Launer, L.J. (Lenore), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Seshadri, S. (Sudha), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), and Ikram, M.K. (Kamran)
Abstract: The hippocampal formation is a brain structure integrally involved in episodic memory, spatial navigation, cognition and stress responsiveness. Structural abnormalities in hippocampal volume and shape are found in several common neuropsychiatric disorders. To identify the genetic underpinnings of hippocampal structure here we perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 33,536 individuals and discover six independent loci significantly associated with hippocampal volume, four of them novel. Of the novel loci, three lie within genes (ASTN2, DPP4 and MAST4) and one is found 200 kb upstream of SHH. A hippocampal subfield analysis shows that a locus within the MSRB3 gene shows evidence of a localized effect along the dentate gyrus, subiculum, CA1 and fissure. Further, we show that genetic variants associated with decreased hippocampal volume are also associated with increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (rg =-0.155). Our findings suggest novel biological pathways through which human genetic variation influences hippocampal volume and risk for neuropsychiatric illness.
Published: 2017
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9. Genetic influences on schizophrenia and subcortical brain volumes:large-scale proof of concept

Author: Franke, B. (Barbara), Stein, J. L. (Jason L.), Ripke, S. (Stephan), Anttila, V. (Verneri), Hibar, D. P. (Derrek P.), Hulzen, K. J. (Kimm J. E.), Arias-Vasquez, A. (Alejandro), Smoller, J. W. (Jordan W.), Nichols, T. E. (Thomas E.), Neale, M. C. (Michael C.), McIntosh, A. M. (Andrew M.), Lee, P. (Phil), McMahon, F. J. (Francis J.), Meyer-Lindenberg, A. (Andreas), Mattheisen, M. (Manuel), Andreassen, O. A. (Ole A.), Gruber, O. (Oliver), Sachdev, P. S. (Perminder S.), Roiz-Santiañez, R. (Roberto), Saykin, A. J. (Andrew J.), Ehrlich, S. (Stefan), Mather, K. A. (Karen A.), Turner, J. A. (Jessica A.), Schwarz, E. (Emanuel), Thalamuthu, A. (Anbupalam), Yao, Y. (Yin), Ho, Y. Y. (Yvonne Y. W.), Martin, N. G. (Nicholas G.), Wright, M. J. (Margaret J.), O'Donovan, M. C. (Michael C.), Thompson, P. M. (Paul M.), Neale, B. M. (Benjamin M.), Medland, S. E. (Sarah E.), Sullivan, P. F. (Patrick F.), Franke, B. (Barbara), Stein, J. L. (Jason L.), Ripke, S. (Stephan), Anttila, V. (Verneri), Hibar, D. P. (Derrek P.), Hulzen, K. J. (Kimm J. E.), Arias-Vasquez, A. (Alejandro), Smoller, J. W. (Jordan W.), Nichols, T. E. (Thomas E.), Neale, M. C. (Michael C.), McIntosh, A. M. (Andrew M.), Lee, P. (Phil), McMahon, F. J. (Francis J.), Meyer-Lindenberg, A. (Andreas), Mattheisen, M. (Manuel), Andreassen, O. A. (Ole A.), Gruber, O. (Oliver), Sachdev, P. S. (Perminder S.), Roiz-Santiañez, R. (Roberto), Saykin, A. J. (Andrew J.), Ehrlich, S. (Stefan), Mather, K. A. (Karen A.), Turner, J. A. (Jessica A.), Schwarz, E. (Emanuel), Thalamuthu, A. (Anbupalam), Yao, Y. (Yin), Ho, Y. Y. (Yvonne Y. W.), Martin, N. G. (Nicholas G.), Wright, M. J. (Margaret J.), O'Donovan, M. C. (Michael C.), Thompson, P. M. (Paul M.), Neale, B. M. (Benjamin M.), Medland, S. E. (Sarah E.), and Sullivan, P. F. (Patrick F.)
Abstract: Schizophrenia is a devastating psychiatric illness with high heritability. Brain structure and function differ, on average, between people with schizophrenia and healthy individuals. As common genetic associations are emerging for both schizophrenia and brain imaging phenotypes, we can now use genome-wide data to investigate genetic overlap. Here we integrated results from common variant studies of schizophrenia (33,636 cases, 43,008 controls) and volumes of several (mainly subcortical) brain structures (11,840 subjects). We did not find evidence of genetic overlap between schizophrenia risk and subcortical volume measures either at the level of common variant genetic architecture or for single genetic markers. These results provide a proof of concept (albeit based on a limited set of structural brain measures) and define a roadmap for future studies investigating the genetic covariance between structural or functional brain phenotypes and risk for psychiatric disorders.
Published: 2017

10. Genome-wide association study identifies 74 loci associated with educational attainment

Author: Okbay, A. (Aysu), Beauchamp, J.P. (Jonathan), Fontana, M.A. (Mark Alan), Lee, J.J. (James J.), Pers, T.H. (Tune), Rietveld, C.A. (Cornelius A.), Turley, P. (Patrick), Chen, G.-B. (Guo-Bo), Emilsson, V. (Valur), Meddens, S.F.W. (S. Fleur W.), Oskarsson, S. (Sven), Pickrell, J.K. (Joseph K.), Thom, K. (Kevin), Timshel, P. (Pascal), Vlaming, R. (Ronald) de, Abdellaoui, A. (Abdel), Ahluwalia, T.S. (Tarunveer Singh), Bacelis, J. (Jonas), Baumbach, C. (Clemens), Bjornsdottir, G. (Gyda), Brandsma, J.H. (Johan), Pina Concas, M. (Maria), Derringer, J., Furlotte, N.A. (Nicholas A.), Galesloot, T.E. (Tessel), Girotto, S., Gupta, R. (Richa), Hall, L.M. (Leanne M.), Harris, S.E. (Sarah), Hofer, E., Horikoshi, M. (Momoko), Huffman, J.E. (Jennifer E.), Kaasik, K. (Kadri), Kalafati, I.-P. (Ioanna-Panagiota), Karlsson, R. (Robert), Kong, A. (Augustine), Lahti, J. (Jari), Lee, S.J. (Sven) van der, Deleeuw, C. (Christiaan), Lind, P.A. (Penelope), Lindgren, K.-O. (Karl-Oskar), Liu, T. (Tian), Mangino, M. (Massimo), Marten, J. (Jonathan), Mihailov, E. (Evelin), Miller, M. (Mike), Most, P.J. (Peter) van der, Oldmeadow, C. (Christopher), Payton, A. (Antony), Pervjakova, N. (Natalia), Peyrot, W.J. (Wouter ), Qian, Y. (Yong), Raitakari, O. (Olli), Rueedi, R. (Rico), Salvi, E. (Erika), Schmidt, B. (Börge), Schraut, K.E. (Katharina E.), Shi, J. (Jianxin), Smith, A.V. (Albert Vernon), Poot, R.A. (Raymond), St Pourcain, B. (Beate), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Thorleifsson, G. (Gudmar), Verweij, N. (Niek), Vuckovic, D. (Dragana), Wellmann, J. (Juergen), Westra, H.J. (Harm-Jan), Yang, J. (Jingyun), Zhao, W. (Wei), Zhu, Z. (Zhihong), Alizadeh, B.Z. (Behrooz), Amin, N. (Najaf), Bakshi, A. (Andrew), Baumeister, S.E. (Sebastian), Biino, G. (Ginevra), Bønnelykke, K. (Klaus), Boyle, P.A. (Patricia), Campbell, H. (Harry), Cappuccio, F.P. (Francesco P.), Davies, G. (Gail), Neve, J.E. (Jan-Emmanuel) de, Deloukas, P. (Panagiotis), Demuth, I. (Ilja), Ding, J. (Jun), Eibich, P. (Peter), Eisele, L. (Lewin), Eklund, N. (Niina), Evans, D.M. (David), Faul, J.D. (Jessica D.), Feitosa, M.F. (Mary Furlan), Forstner, A.J. (Andreas), Gandin, I. (Ilaria), Gunnarsson, B. (Bjarni), Halldorsson, B.V. (Bjarni), Harris, T.B. (Tamara), Holliday, E.G. (Elizabeth), Heath, A.C. (Andrew C.), Hocking, L.J., Homuth, G. (Georg), Horan, M. (Mike), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Jager, P.L. (Philip) de, Joshi, P.K. (Peter), Juqessur, A. (Astanand), Kaakinen, M. (Marika), Kähönen, M. (Mika), Kanoni, S. (Stavroula), Keltigangas-Järvinen, L. (Liisa), Kiemeney, L.A.L.M. (Bart), Kolcic, I. (Ivana), Koskinen, S. (Seppo), Kraja, A. (Aldi), Kroh, M. (Martin), Kutalik, Z. (Zoltán), Latvala, A. (Antti), Launer, L.J. (Lenore), Lebreton, M.P. (Maël P.), Levinson, D.F. (Douglas F.), Lichtenstein, P. (Paul), Lichtner, P. (Peter), Liewald, D.C.M. (David), Loukola, A. (Anu), Madden, P.A. (Pamela), Mägi, R. (Reedik), Mäki-Opas, T. (Tomi), Marioni, R.E. (Riccardo), Marques-Vidal, P. (Pedro), Meddens, G.A. (Gerardus A.), Mcmahon, G. (George), Meisinger, C. (Christa), Meitinger, T. (Thomas), Milaneschi, Y. (Yusplitri), Milani, L. (Lili), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant), Myhre, R. (Ronny), Nelson, C.P. (Christopher P.), Nyholt, D.R. (Dale), Ollier, W.E.R. (William), Palotie, A. (Aarno), Paternoster, L. (Lavinia), Pedersen, N.L. (Nancy), Petrovic, K. (Katja), Porteous, D.J. (David J.), Räikkönen, K. (Katri), Ring, S.M. (Susan M.), Robino, A. (Antonietta), Rostapshova, O. (Olga), Rudan, I. (Igor), Rustichini, A. (Aldo), Salomaa, V. (Veikko), Sanders, A.R. (Alan R.), Sarin, A.-P., Schmidt, R. (Reinhold), Scott, R.J. (Rodney), Smith, B.H. (Blair), Smith, J.A. (Jennifer A), Staessen, J.A. (Jan), Steinhagen-Thiessen, E. (Elisabeth), Strauch, K. (Konstantin), Terracciano, A., Tobin, M.D. (Martin), Ulivi, S. (Shelia), Vaccargiu, S. (Simona), Quaye, L. (Lydia), Rooij, F.J.A. (Frank) van, Venturini, C. (Cristina), Vinkhuyzen, A.A.E. (Anna A.), Völker, U. (Uwe), Völzke, H. (Henry), Vonk, J.M. (Judith), Vozzi, D. (Diego), Waage, J. (Johannes), Ware, E.B. (Erin B.), Willemsen, G.A.H.M. (Gonneke), Attia, J. (John), Bennett, D.A. (David A.), Berger, K. (Klaus), Bertram, L. (Lars), Bisgaard, H. (Hans), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Borecki, I.B. (Ingrid), Bültmann, U. (Ute), Chabris, C.F. (Christopher F.), Cucca, F. (Francesco), Cusi, D. (Daniele), Deary, I.J. (Ian), Dedoussis, G.V. (George), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Hagen, K. (Knut), Franke, B. (Barbara), Franke, L. (Lude), Gasparini, P. (Paolo), Gejman, P.V. (Pablo), Gieger, C. (Christian), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Gratten, J. (Jacob), Groenen, P.J.F. (Patrick), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Harst, P. (Pim) van der, Hayward, C. (Caroline), Hinds, D.A. (David A.), Hoffmann, W. (Wolfgang), Hypponen, E. (Elina), Iacono, W.G. (William), Jacobsson, B. (Bo), Jarvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), JöCkel, K.-H. (Karl-Heinz), Kaprio, J. (Jaakko), Kardia, S.L.R. (Sharon), Lehtimäki, T. (Terho), Lehrer, S.F. (Steven F.), Magnusson, P.K. (Patrik), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), McGue, M. (Matt), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Pendleton, N. (Neil), Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Perola, M. (Markus), Pirastu, N. (Nicola), Pirastu, M. (Mario), Polasek, O. (Ozren), Posthuma, D. (Danielle), Power, C. (Christopher), Province, M.A. (Mike), Samani, N.J. (Nilesh), Schlessinger, D. (David), Sørensen, T.I.A. (Thorkild), Spector, T.D. (Timothy), Zwart, J-A. (John-Anker), Thorsteinsdottir, U. (Unnur), Thurik, A.R. (Roy), Timpson, N.J. (Nicholas J.), Tiemeier, H.W. (Henning), Tung, J.Y. (Joyce Y.), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Vitart, V. (Veronique), Vollenweider, P. (Peter), Weir, D.R. (David), Wilson, J.F. (James F.), Wright, A.F. (Alan), Conley, D.C. (Dalton C.), Krueger, R.F., Smith, A.V. (Davey), Hofman, A. (Albert), Laibson, D. (David), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Meyer, M.N. (Michelle N.), Yang, J. (Joanna), Johannesson, M. (Magnus), Visscher, P.M. (Peter), Esko, T. (Tõnu), Koellinger, Ph.D. (Philipp), Cesarini, D. (David), Benjamin, D.J. (Daniel J.), Okbay, A. (Aysu), Beauchamp, J.P. (Jonathan), Fontana, M.A. (Mark Alan), Lee, J.J. (James J.), Pers, T.H. (Tune), Rietveld, C.A. (Cornelius A.), Turley, P. (Patrick), Chen, G.-B. (Guo-Bo), Emilsson, V. (Valur), Meddens, S.F.W. (S. Fleur W.), Oskarsson, S. (Sven), Pickrell, J.K. (Joseph K.), Thom, K. (Kevin), Timshel, P. (Pascal), Vlaming, R. (Ronald) de, Abdellaoui, A. (Abdel), Ahluwalia, T.S. (Tarunveer Singh), Bacelis, J. (Jonas), Baumbach, C. (Clemens), Bjornsdottir, G. (Gyda), Brandsma, J.H. (Johan), Pina Concas, M. (Maria), Derringer, J., Furlotte, N.A. (Nicholas A.), Galesloot, T.E. (Tessel), Girotto, S., Gupta, R. (Richa), Hall, L.M. (Leanne M.), Harris, S.E. (Sarah), Hofer, E., Horikoshi, M. (Momoko), Huffman, J.E. (Jennifer E.), Kaasik, K. (Kadri), Kalafati, I.-P. (Ioanna-Panagiota), Karlsson, R. (Robert), Kong, A. (Augustine), Lahti, J. (Jari), Lee, S.J. (Sven) van der, Deleeuw, C. (Christiaan), Lind, P.A. (Penelope), Lindgren, K.-O. (Karl-Oskar), Liu, T. (Tian), Mangino, M. (Massimo), Marten, J. (Jonathan), Mihailov, E. (Evelin), Miller, M. (Mike), Most, P.J. (Peter) van der, Oldmeadow, C. (Christopher), Payton, A. (Antony), Pervjakova, N. (Natalia), Peyrot, W.J. (Wouter ), Qian, Y. (Yong), Raitakari, O. (Olli), Rueedi, R. (Rico), Salvi, E. (Erika), Schmidt, B. (Börge), Schraut, K.E. (Katharina E.), Shi, J. (Jianxin), Smith, A.V. (Albert Vernon), Poot, R.A. (Raymond), St Pourcain, B. (Beate), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Thorleifsson, G. (Gudmar), Verweij, N. (Niek), Vuckovic, D. (Dragana), Wellmann, J. (Juergen), Westra, H.J. (Harm-Jan), Yang, J. (Jingyun), Zhao, W. (Wei), Zhu, Z. (Zhihong), Alizadeh, B.Z. (Behrooz), Amin, N. (Najaf), Bakshi, A. (Andrew), Baumeister, S.E. (Sebastian), Biino, G. (Ginevra), Bønnelykke, K. (Klaus), Boyle, P.A. (Patricia), Campbell, H. (Harry), Cappuccio, F.P. (Francesco P.), Davies, G. (Gail), Neve, J.E. (Jan-Emmanuel) de, Deloukas, P. (Panagiotis), Demuth, I. (Ilja), Ding, J. (Jun), Eibich, P. (Peter), Eisele, L. (Lewin), Eklund, N. (Niina), Evans, D.M. (David), Faul, J.D. (Jessica D.), Feitosa, M.F. (Mary Furlan), Forstner, A.J. (Andreas), Gandin, I. (Ilaria), Gunnarsson, B. (Bjarni), Halldorsson, B.V. (Bjarni), Harris, T.B. (Tamara), Holliday, E.G. (Elizabeth), Heath, A.C. (Andrew C.), Hocking, L.J., Homuth, G. (Georg), Horan, M. (Mike), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Jager, P.L. (Philip) de, Joshi, P.K. (Peter), Juqessur, A. (Astanand), Kaakinen, M. (Marika), Kähönen, M. (Mika), Kanoni, S. (Stavroula), Keltigangas-Järvinen, L. (Liisa), Kiemeney, L.A.L.M. (Bart), Kolcic, I. (Ivana), Koskinen, S. (Seppo), Kraja, A. (Aldi), Kroh, M. (Martin), Kutalik, Z. (Zoltán), Latvala, A. (Antti), Launer, L.J. (Lenore), Lebreton, M.P. (Maël P.), Levinson, D.F. (Douglas F.), Lichtenstein, P. (Paul), Lichtner, P. (Peter), Liewald, D.C.M. (David), Loukola, A. (Anu), Madden, P.A. (Pamela), Mägi, R. (Reedik), Mäki-Opas, T. (Tomi), Marioni, R.E. (Riccardo), Marques-Vidal, P. (Pedro), Meddens, G.A. (Gerardus A.), Mcmahon, G. (George), Meisinger, C. (Christa), Meitinger, T. (Thomas), Milaneschi, Y. (Yusplitri), Milani, L. (Lili), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant), Myhre, R. (Ronny), Nelson, C.P. (Christopher P.), Nyholt, D.R. (Dale), Ollier, W.E.R. (William), Palotie, A. (Aarno), Paternoster, L. (Lavinia), Pedersen, N.L. (Nancy), Petrovic, K. (Katja), Porteous, D.J. (David J.), Räikkönen, K. (Katri), Ring, S.M. (Susan M.), Robino, A. (Antonietta), Rostapshova, O. (Olga), Rudan, I. (Igor), Rustichini, A. (Aldo), Salomaa, V. (Veikko), Sanders, A.R. (Alan R.), Sarin, A.-P., Schmidt, R. (Reinhold), Scott, R.J. (Rodney), Smith, B.H. (Blair), Smith, J.A. (Jennifer A), Staessen, J.A. (Jan), Steinhagen-Thiessen, E. (Elisabeth), Strauch, K. (Konstantin), Terracciano, A., Tobin, M.D. (Martin), Ulivi, S. (Shelia), Vaccargiu, S. (Simona), Quaye, L. (Lydia), Rooij, F.J.A. (Frank) van, Venturini, C. (Cristina), Vinkhuyzen, A.A.E. (Anna A.), Völker, U. (Uwe), Völzke, H. (Henry), Vonk, J.M. (Judith), Vozzi, D. (Diego), Waage, J. (Johannes), Ware, E.B. (Erin B.), Willemsen, G.A.H.M. (Gonneke), Attia, J. (John), Bennett, D.A. (David A.), Berger, K. (Klaus), Bertram, L. (Lars), Bisgaard, H. (Hans), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Borecki, I.B. (Ingrid), Bültmann, U. (Ute), Chabris, C.F. (Christopher F.), Cucca, F. (Francesco), Cusi, D. (Daniele), Deary, I.J. (Ian), Dedoussis, G.V. (George), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Hagen, K. (Knut), Franke, B. (Barbara), Franke, L. (Lude), Gasparini, P. (Paolo), Gejman, P.V. (Pablo), Gieger, C. (Christian), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Gratten, J. (Jacob), Groenen, P.J.F. (Patrick), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Harst, P. (Pim) van der, Hayward, C. (Caroline), Hinds, D.A. (David A.), Hoffmann, W. (Wolfgang), Hypponen, E. (Elina), Iacono, W.G. (William), Jacobsson, B. (Bo), Jarvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), JöCkel, K.-H. (Karl-Heinz), Kaprio, J. (Jaakko), Kardia, S.L.R. (Sharon), Lehtimäki, T. (Terho), Lehrer, S.F. (Steven F.), Magnusson, P.K. (Patrik), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), McGue, M. (Matt), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Pendleton, N. (Neil), Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Perola, M. (Markus), Pirastu, N. (Nicola), Pirastu, M. (Mario), Polasek, O. (Ozren), Posthuma, D. (Danielle), Power, C. (Christopher), Province, M.A. (Mike), Samani, N.J. (Nilesh), Schlessinger, D. (David), Sørensen, T.I.A. (Thorkild), Spector, T.D. (Timothy), Zwart, J-A. (John-Anker), Thorsteinsdottir, U. (Unnur), Thurik, A.R. (Roy), Timpson, N.J. (Nicholas J.), Tiemeier, H.W. (Henning), Tung, J.Y. (Joyce Y.), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Vitart, V. (Veronique), Vollenweider, P. (Peter), Weir, D.R. (David), Wilson, J.F. (James F.), Wright, A.F. (Alan), Conley, D.C. (Dalton C.), Krueger, R.F., Smith, A.V. (Davey), Hofman, A. (Albert), Laibson, D. (David), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Meyer, M.N. (Michelle N.), Yang, J. (Joanna), Johannesson, M. (Magnus), Visscher, P.M. (Peter), Esko, T. (Tõnu), Koellinger, Ph.D. (Philipp), Cesarini, D. (David), and Benjamin, D.J. (Daniel J.)
Abstract: Educational attainment is strongly influenced by social and other environmental factors, but genetic factors are estimated to account for at least 20% of the variation across individuals. Here we report the results of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for educational attainment that extends our earlier discovery sample of 101,069 individuals to 293,723 individuals, and a replication study in an independent sample of 111,349 individuals from the UK Biobank. We identify 74 genome-wide significant loci associated with the number of years of schooling completed. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with educational attainment are disproportionately found in genomic regions regulating gene expression in the fetal brain. Candidate genes are preferentially expressed in neural tissue, especially during the prenatal period, and enriched for biological pathways involved in neural development. Our findings demonstrate that, even for a behavioural phenotype that is mostly environmentally determined, a well-powered GWAS identifies replicable associated genetic variants that suggest biologically relevant pathways. Because educational attainment is measured in large numbers of individuals, it will continue to be useful as a proxy phenotype in efforts to characterize the genetic influences of related phenotypes, including cognition and neuropsychiatric diseases.
Published: 2016
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11. Meta-analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies for Extraversion: Findings from the Genetics of Personality Consortium

Author: Berg, S.M. (Stéphanie) van den, Moor, M.H.M. de, Verweij, K.J.H. (Karin J.), Krueger, R.F., Luciano, M. (Michelle), Arias-Vásquez, A. (Alejandro), Matteson, L.K. (Lindsay), Derringer, J., Esko, T. (Tõnu), Amin, N. (Najaf), Gordon, S.D. (Scott D.), Hansell, N.K. (Narelle), Hart, A.B. (Amy B.), Seppälä, I. (Ilkka), Huffman, J.E. (Jennifer), Konte, B., Lahti, J. (Jari), Lee, M. (Minyoung), Miller, M. (Mike), Nutile, T., Tanaka, T. (Toshiko), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Viktorin, A. (Alexander), Wedenoja, J. (Juho), Abdellaoui, A. (Abdel), Abecasis, G.R. (Gonçalo), Adkins, D.E. (Daniel), Agrawal, A. (Arpana), Allik, J., Appel, K. (Katja), Bigdeli, T.B. (Tim), Busonero, F., Campbell, H. (Harry), Costa, P.T. (Paul), Smith, A.V. (Davey), Davies, G. (Gail), de Wit, H. (Harriet), Ding, J. (Jun), Engelhardt, B.E. (Barbara E.), Eriksson, J.G. (Johan G.), Fedko, I. (Iryna), Ferrucci, L. (Luigi), Franke, B. (Barbara), Giegling, I. (Ina), Grucza, R., Hartmann, A.M. (Annette M), Heath, A.C. (Andrew C.), Heinonen, K. (Kati), Henders, A.K. (Anjali), Homuth, G. (Georg), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Iacono, W.G. (William), Janzing, J.G.E. (Joost), Jokela, M. (Markus), Karlsson, R. (Robert), Kemp, J.P. (John), Kirkpatrick, M.G. (Matthew G.), Latvala, A. (Antti), Lehtimäki, T. (Terho), Liewald, D.C.M. (David), Madden, P.A. (Pamela), Magri, C. (Chiara), Magnusson, P.K.E. (Patrik K. E.), Marten, J. (Jonathan), Maschio, A., Mbarek, H., Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Mihailov, E. (Evelin), Milaneschi, Y. (Yuri), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant W.), Nauck, M. (Matthias), Nivard, M. (Michel), Ouwens, K.G. (Klaasjan), Palotie, A. (Aarno), Pettersson, E. (Erik), Polasek, O. (Ozren), Qian, Y. (Yong), Pulkki-Råback, L. (Laura), Raitakari, O.T. (Olli T.), Realo, A. (Anu), Rose, R.J. (Richard J.), Ruggiero, D., Schmidt, C.O. (Carsten Oliver), Slutske, W.S. (Wendy), Sorice, R., Starr, J.M. (John), St Pourcain, B. (Beate), Sutin, A.R., Timpson, N.J. (Nicholas), Trochet, H. (Holly), Vermeulen, S.H.H.M. (Sita), Vuoksimaa, E. (Eero), Widen, E. (Elisabeth), Wouda, J. (Jasper), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Zgaga, L. (Lina), Generation Scotland, Porteous, D.J. (David J.), Minelli, A. (Alessandra), Palmer, A.A. (Abraham A.), Rujescu, D. (Dan), Ciullo, M., Hayward, C. (Caroline), Rudan, I. (Igor), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Kaprio, J. (Jaakko), Deary, I.J. (Ian), Räikkönen, K. (Katri), Wilson, J.F. (James F), Keltikangas-Järvinen, L. (Liisa), Bierut, L.J. (Laura J.), Hettema, J.M. (John M.), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Evans, D.M. (David M.), Schlessinger, D. (David), Pedersen, N.L. (Nancy L.), Terracciano, A., McGue, M. (Matt), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Berg, S.M. (Stéphanie) van den, Moor, M.H.M. de, Verweij, K.J.H. (Karin J.), Krueger, R.F., Luciano, M. (Michelle), Arias-Vásquez, A. (Alejandro), Matteson, L.K. (Lindsay), Derringer, J., Esko, T. (Tõnu), Amin, N. (Najaf), Gordon, S.D. (Scott D.), Hansell, N.K. (Narelle), Hart, A.B. (Amy B.), Seppälä, I. (Ilkka), Huffman, J.E. (Jennifer), Konte, B., Lahti, J. (Jari), Lee, M. (Minyoung), Miller, M. (Mike), Nutile, T., Tanaka, T. (Toshiko), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Viktorin, A. (Alexander), Wedenoja, J. (Juho), Abdellaoui, A. (Abdel), Abecasis, G.R. (Gonçalo), Adkins, D.E. (Daniel), Agrawal, A. (Arpana), Allik, J., Appel, K. (Katja), Bigdeli, T.B. (Tim), Busonero, F., Campbell, H. (Harry), Costa, P.T. (Paul), Smith, A.V. (Davey), Davies, G. (Gail), de Wit, H. (Harriet), Ding, J. (Jun), Engelhardt, B.E. (Barbara E.), Eriksson, J.G. (Johan G.), Fedko, I. (Iryna), Ferrucci, L. (Luigi), Franke, B. (Barbara), Giegling, I. (Ina), Grucza, R., Hartmann, A.M. (Annette M), Heath, A.C. (Andrew C.), Heinonen, K. (Kati), Henders, A.K. (Anjali), Homuth, G. (Georg), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Iacono, W.G. (William), Janzing, J.G.E. (Joost), Jokela, M. (Markus), Karlsson, R. (Robert), Kemp, J.P. (John), Kirkpatrick, M.G. (Matthew G.), Latvala, A. (Antti), Lehtimäki, T. (Terho), Liewald, D.C.M. (David), Madden, P.A. (Pamela), Magri, C. (Chiara), Magnusson, P.K.E. (Patrik K. E.), Marten, J. (Jonathan), Maschio, A., Mbarek, H., Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Mihailov, E. (Evelin), Milaneschi, Y. (Yuri), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant W.), Nauck, M. (Matthias), Nivard, M. (Michel), Ouwens, K.G. (Klaasjan), Palotie, A. (Aarno), Pettersson, E. (Erik), Polasek, O. (Ozren), Qian, Y. (Yong), Pulkki-Råback, L. (Laura), Raitakari, O.T. (Olli T.), Realo, A. (Anu), Rose, R.J. (Richard J.), Ruggiero, D., Schmidt, C.O. (Carsten Oliver), Slutske, W.S. (Wendy), Sorice, R., Starr, J.M. (John), St Pourcain, B. (Beate), Sutin, A.R., Timpson, N.J. (Nicholas), Trochet, H. (Holly), Vermeulen, S.H.H.M. (Sita), Vuoksimaa, E. (Eero), Widen, E. (Elisabeth), Wouda, J. (Jasper), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Zgaga, L. (Lina), Generation Scotland, Porteous, D.J. (David J.), Minelli, A. (Alessandra), Palmer, A.A. (Abraham A.), Rujescu, D. (Dan), Ciullo, M., Hayward, C. (Caroline), Rudan, I. (Igor), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Kaprio, J. (Jaakko), Deary, I.J. (Ian), Räikkönen, K. (Katri), Wilson, J.F. (James F), Keltikangas-Järvinen, L. (Liisa), Bierut, L.J. (Laura J.), Hettema, J.M. (John M.), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Evans, D.M. (David M.), Schlessinger, D. (David), Pedersen, N.L. (Nancy L.), Terracciano, A., McGue, M. (Matt), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), and Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret)
Abstract: Extraversion is a relatively stable and heritable personality trait associated with numerous psychosocial, lifestyle and health outcomes. Despite its substantial heritability, no genetic variants have been detected in previous genome-wide association (GWA) studies, which may be due to relatively small sample sizes of those studies. Here, we report on a large meta-analysis of GWA studies for extraversion in 63,030 subjects in 29 cohorts. Extraversion item data from multiple personality inventories were harmonized across inventories and cohorts. No genome-wide significant associations were found at the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) level but there was one significant hit at the gene level for a long non-coding RNA site (LOC101928162). Genome-wide complex trait analysis in two large cohorts showed that the additive variance explained by common SNPs was not significantly different from zero, but polygenic risk scores, weighted using linkage information, significantly predicted extraversion scores in an independent cohort. These results show that extraversion is a highly polygenic personality trait, with an architecture possibly different from other complex human traits, including other personality traits. Future studies are required to further determine which genetic variants, by what modes of gene action, constitute the heritable nature of extraversion.
Published: 2016
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12. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for neuroticism, and the polygenic association with major depressive disorder

Author: Moor, M.H.M. de, Berg, S.M. (Stéphanie) van den, Verweij, K.J.H. (Karin J.), Krueger, R.F., Luciano, M. (Michelle), Arias-Vásquez, A. (Alejandro), Matteson, L.K. (Lindsay), Derringer, J., Esko, T. (Tõnu), Amin, N. (Najaf), Gordon, S.D. (Scott D.), Hansell, N.K. (Narelle), Hart, A.B. (Amy B.), Seppälä, I. (Ilkka), Huffman, J.E. (Jennifer), Konte, B., Lahti, J. (Jari), Lee, M. (Minyoung), Miller, M. (Mike), Nutile, T., Tanaka, T. (Toshiko), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Viktorin, A. (Alexander), Wedenoja, J. (Juho), Abecasis, G.R. (Gonçalo), Adkins, D.E. (Daniel), Agrawal, A. (Arpana), Allik, J., Appel, K. (Katja), Bigdeli, T.B. (Tim), Busonero, F., Campbell, H. (Harry), Costa, P.T. (Paul), Smith, A.V. (Davey), Davies, G. (Gail), de Wit, H. (Harriet), Ding, J. (Jun), Engelhardt, B.E. (Barbara E.), Eriksson, J.G. (Johan G.), Fedko, I. (Iryna), Ferrucci, L. (Luigi), Franke, B. (Barbara), Giegling, I. (Ina), Grucza, R., Hartmann, A.M. (Annette M), Heath, A.C. (Andrew), Heinonen, K. (Kati), Henders, A.K. (Anjali), Homuth, G. (Georg), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Iacono, W.G. (William), Janzing, J.G.E. (Joost), Jokela, M. (Markus), Karlsson, R. (Robert), Kemp, J.P. (John), Kirkpatrick, M.G. (Matthew G.), Latvala, A. (Antti), Lehtimäki, T. (Terho), Liewald, D.C. (David C.), Madden, P.A. (Pamela), Magri, C. (Chiara), Magnusson, P.K.E. (Patrik K. E.), Marten, J. (Jonathan), Maschio, A., Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Mihailov, E. (Evelin), Milaneschi, Y. (Yuri), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant W.), Nauck, M. (Matthias), Ouwens, K.G. (Klaasjan), Palotie, A. (Aarno), Pettersson, E. (Erik), Polasek, O. (Ozren), Qian, Y. (Yong), Pulkki-Råback, L. (Laura), Raitakari, O.T. (Olli T.), Realo, A. (Anu), Rose, R.J. (Richard J.), Ruggiero, D., Schmidt, C.O. (Carsten Oliver), Slutske, W.S. (Wendy), Sorice, R., Starr, J.M. (John), St Pourcain, B. (Beate), Sutin, A.R., Timpson, N.J. (Nicholas), Trochet, H. (Holly), Vermeulen, S.H.H.M. (Sita), Vuoksimaa, E. (Eero), Widen, E. (Elisabeth), Wouda, J. (Jasper), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Zgaga, L. (Lina), Porteous, D.J. (David J.), Minelli, A. (Alessandra), Palmer, A.A. (Abraham A.), Rujescu, D. (Dan), Ciullo, M., Hayward, C. (Caroline), Rudan, I. (Igor), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Kaprio, J. (Jaakko), Deary, I.J. (Ian), Räikkönen, K. (Katri), Wilson, J.F. (James F), Keltikangas-Järvinen, L. (Liisa), Bierut, L.J. (Laura), Hettema, J.M. (John M.), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Evans, D.M. (David M.), Schlessinger, D. (David), Pedersen, N.L. (Nancy), Terracciano, A., McGue, M. (Matt), Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Moor, M.H.M. de, Berg, S.M. (Stéphanie) van den, Verweij, K.J.H. (Karin J.), Krueger, R.F., Luciano, M. (Michelle), Arias-Vásquez, A. (Alejandro), Matteson, L.K. (Lindsay), Derringer, J., Esko, T. (Tõnu), Amin, N. (Najaf), Gordon, S.D. (Scott D.), Hansell, N.K. (Narelle), Hart, A.B. (Amy B.), Seppälä, I. (Ilkka), Huffman, J.E. (Jennifer), Konte, B., Lahti, J. (Jari), Lee, M. (Minyoung), Miller, M. (Mike), Nutile, T., Tanaka, T. (Toshiko), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Viktorin, A. (Alexander), Wedenoja, J. (Juho), Abecasis, G.R. (Gonçalo), Adkins, D.E. (Daniel), Agrawal, A. (Arpana), Allik, J., Appel, K. (Katja), Bigdeli, T.B. (Tim), Busonero, F., Campbell, H. (Harry), Costa, P.T. (Paul), Smith, A.V. (Davey), Davies, G. (Gail), de Wit, H. (Harriet), Ding, J. (Jun), Engelhardt, B.E. (Barbara E.), Eriksson, J.G. (Johan G.), Fedko, I. (Iryna), Ferrucci, L. (Luigi), Franke, B. (Barbara), Giegling, I. (Ina), Grucza, R., Hartmann, A.M. (Annette M), Heath, A.C. (Andrew), Heinonen, K. (Kati), Henders, A.K. (Anjali), Homuth, G. (Georg), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Iacono, W.G. (William), Janzing, J.G.E. (Joost), Jokela, M. (Markus), Karlsson, R. (Robert), Kemp, J.P. (John), Kirkpatrick, M.G. (Matthew G.), Latvala, A. (Antti), Lehtimäki, T. (Terho), Liewald, D.C. (David C.), Madden, P.A. (Pamela), Magri, C. (Chiara), Magnusson, P.K.E. (Patrik K. E.), Marten, J. (Jonathan), Maschio, A., Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Mihailov, E. (Evelin), Milaneschi, Y. (Yuri), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant W.), Nauck, M. (Matthias), Ouwens, K.G. (Klaasjan), Palotie, A. (Aarno), Pettersson, E. (Erik), Polasek, O. (Ozren), Qian, Y. (Yong), Pulkki-Råback, L. (Laura), Raitakari, O.T. (Olli T.), Realo, A. (Anu), Rose, R.J. (Richard J.), Ruggiero, D., Schmidt, C.O. (Carsten Oliver), Slutske, W.S. (Wendy), Sorice, R., Starr, J.M. (John), St Pourcain, B. (Beate), Sutin, A.R., Timpson, N.J. (Nicholas), Trochet, H. (Holly), Vermeulen, S.H.H.M. (Sita), Vuoksimaa, E. (Eero), Widen, E. (Elisabeth), Wouda, J. (Jasper), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Zgaga, L. (Lina), Porteous, D.J. (David J.), Minelli, A. (Alessandra), Palmer, A.A. (Abraham A.), Rujescu, D. (Dan), Ciullo, M., Hayward, C. (Caroline), Rudan, I. (Igor), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Kaprio, J. (Jaakko), Deary, I.J. (Ian), Räikkönen, K. (Katri), Wilson, J.F. (James F), Keltikangas-Järvinen, L. (Liisa), Bierut, L.J. (Laura), Hettema, J.M. (John M.), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Evans, D.M. (David M.), Schlessinger, D. (David), Pedersen, N.L. (Nancy), Terracciano, A., McGue, M. (Matt), Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), and Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret)
Abstract: IMPORTANCE Neuroticism is a pervasive risk factor for psychiatric conditions. It genetically overlaps with major depressive disorder (MDD) and is therefore an important phenotype for psychiatric genetics. The Genetics of Personality Consortium has created a resource for genome-wide association analyses of personality traits in more than 63 000 participants (including MDD cases). OBJECTIVES To identify genetic variants associated with neuroticism by performing a meta-analysis of genome-wide association results based on 1000 Genomes imputation; to evaluate whether common genetic variants as assessed by single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) explain variation in neuroticism by estimating SNP-based heritability; and to examine whether SNPs that predict neuroticism also predict MDD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Genome-wide association meta-analysis of 30 cohorts with genome-wide genotype, personality, and MDD data from the Genetics of Personality Consortium. The study included 63 661 participants from 29 discovery cohorts and 9786 participants from a replication cohort. Participants came from Europe, the United States, or Australia. Analyses were conducted between 2012 and 2014. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Neuroticism scores harmonized across all 29 discovery cohorts by item response theory analysis, and clinical MDD case-control status in 2 of the cohorts. RESULTS A genome-wide significant SNP was found on 3p14 in MAGI1 (rs35855737; P = 9.26 × 10-9 in the discovery meta-analysis). This association was not replicated (P = .32), but the SNP was still genome-wide significant in the meta-analysis of all 30 cohorts (P = 2.38 × 10-8). Common genetic variants explain 15%of the variance in neuroticism. Polygenic scores based on the meta-analysis of neuroticism in 27 cohorts significantly predicted neuroticism (1.09 × 10-12 < P <.05) and MDD (4.02 × 10-9 < P < .05) in the 2 other cohorts. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study identi
Published: 2015
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13. Common genetic variants influence human subcortical brain structures

Author: Hibar, D.P. (Derrek), Stein, J.L., Rentería, M.E. (Miguel), Arias-Vásquez, A. (Alejandro), Desrivières, S. (Sylvane), Jahanshad, N. (Neda), Toro, R. (Roberto), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Abramovic, L. (Lucija), Andersson, M. (Micael), Aribisala, B. (Benjamin), Armstrong, N.J. (Nicola J.), Bernard, M. (Manon), Bohlken, M.M. (Marc M.), Boks, M.P.M. (Marco), Bralten, L.B.C. (Linda), Brown, A.A. (Andrew), Chakravarty, M.M. (M. Mallar), Chen, Q. (Qiang), Ching, C.R.K. (Christopher), Cuellar-Partida, G. (Gabriel), Braber, A. (Anouk) den, Giddaluru, S. (Sudheer), Goldman, A.L. (Aaron L.), Grimm, O. (Oliver), Guadalupe, T. (Tulio), Hass, J. (Johanna), Woldehawariat, G. (Girma), Holmes, A.J. (Avram), Hoogman, M. (Martine), Janowitz, D. (Deborah), Jia, T. (Tianye), Kim, S. (Shinseog), Klein, M. (Marieke), Kraemer, B. (Bernd), Lee, P.H. (Phil H.), Olde Loohuis, L.M. (Loes M.), Luciano, M. (Michelle), MacAre, C. (Christine), Mather, R., Mattheisen, M. (Manuel), Milaneschi, Y. (Yuri), Nho, K. (Kwangsik), Papmeyer, M. (Martina), Ramasamy, A. (Adaikalavan), Risacher, S.L. (Shannon), Roiz-Santiañez, R. (Roberto), Rose, E.J. (Emma), Salami, A. (Alireza), Sämann, P.G. (Philipp), Schmaal, L. (Lianne), Schork, N.J. (Nicholas), Shin, J. (Jean), Strike, L.T. (Lachlan), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Van Donkelaar, M.M.J. (Marjolein M. J.), Eijk, K.R. (Kristel) van, Walters, R.K. (Raymond), Westlye, L.T. (Lars), Whelan, C.D. (Christopher), Winkler, A.M. (Anderson), Zwiers, M.P. (Marcel), Alhusaini, S. (Saud), Athanasiu, L. (Lavinia), Ehrlich, S.M. (Stefan), Hakobjan, M. (Marina), Hartberg, C.B. (Cecilie B.), Haukvik, U.K. (Unn), Heister, A.J.G.A.M. (Angelien J. G. A. M.), Hoehn, D. (David), Kasperaviciute, D. (Dalia), Liewald, D.C.M. (David), Lopez, L.M. (Lorna), Makkinje, R.R.R. (Remco R. R.), Matarin, M. (Mar), Naber, M.A.M. (Marlies A. M.), McKay, D.R. (Reese), Needham, M. (Margaret), Nugent, A.C. (Allison), Pütz, B. (Benno), Royle, N.A. (Natalie), Shen, L. (Li), Sprooten, R. (Roy), Trabzuni, D. (Danyah), Van Der Marel, S.S.L. (Saskia S. L.), Van Hulzen, K.J.E. (Kimm J. E.), Walton, E. (Esther), Björnsson, A. (Asgeir), Almasy, L. (Laura), Ames, D.J. (David), Arepalli, S. (Sampath), Assareh, A.A., Bastin, M.E. (Mark), Brodaty, H. (Henry), Bulayeva, K. (Kazima), Carless, M.A. (Melanie), Cichon, S. (Sven), Corvin, A. (Aiden), Curran, J.E. (Joanne), Czisch, M. (Michael), Zubicaray, G.I. (Greig) de, Dillman, A. (Allissa), Duggirala, A. (Aparna), Dyer, M.D. (Matthew), Erk, S., Fedko, I. (Iryna), Ferrucci, L. (Luigi), Foroud, T. (Tatiana), Fox, P.T. (Peter), Fukunaga, M. (Masaki), Raphael Gibbs, J., Göring, H.H.H. (Harald H.), Green, R.C. (Robert C.), Guelfi, S. (Sebastian), Hansell, N.K. (Narelle), Hartman, C.A. (Catharina), Hegenscheid, K. (Katrin), Heinz, J. (Judith), Hernandez, D.G. (Dena), Heslenfeld, D.J. (Dirk), Hoekstra, P.J. (Pieter), Holsboer, F., Homuth, G. (Georg), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Ikeda, M. (Masashi), Jack Jr., C.R. (Clifford), Jenkinson, S. (Sarah), Johnson, R. (Robert), Kanai, R. (Ryota), Keil, M. (Maria), Kent, J.W. (Jack W.), Kochunov, P. (Peter), Kwok, J.B. (John B.), Lawrie, S. (Stephen), Liu, X. (Xinmin), Longo, D.L. (Dan L.), Mcmahon, K.L. (Katie), Meisenzahl, E. (Eva), Melle, I. (Ingrid), Mohnke, S. (Sebastian), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant), Mostert, J.C. (Jeanette C.), Mühleisen, T.W. (Thomas), Nalls, M.A. (Michael), Nichols, T.E. (Thomas), Nilsson, L.G., Nöthen, M.M. (Markus), Ohi, K. (Kazutaka), Olvera, R.L. (Rene), Perez-Iglesias, R. (Rocio), Pike, G.B. (Bruce), Potkin, S.G. (Steven), Reinvang, I. (Ivar), Reppermund, S., Rietschel, M. (Marcella), Seiferth, N. (Nina), Rosen, G.D. (Glenn D.), Rujescu, D. (Dan), Schnell, K. (Kerry), Schofield, C.J. (Christopher), Smith, C. (Colin), Steen, V.M. (Vidar), Sussmann, J. (Jessika), Thalamuthu, A. (Anbupalam), Toga, A.W. (Arthur W.), Traynor, B. (Bryan), Troncoso, J.C. (Juan), Turner, J. (Jessica), Valdés Hernández, M.C. (Maria), Ent, D. (Dennis) van 't, Brug, M.P. (Marcel) van der, Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, Tol, M.J.D. (Marie-José) van, Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Wassink, A.M.J. (Annemarie), Westman, E. (Eric), Zielke, R.H. (Ronald H.), Zonderman, A.B. (Alan B.), Ashbrook, D.G. (David G.), Hager, R. (Reinmar), Lu, L. (Lu), Mcmahon, F.J. (Francis J), Morris, D.W. (Derek W), Williams, R.W. (Robert W.), Brunner, H.G., Buckner, M., Buitelaar, J.K. (Jan K.), Cahn, W. (Wiepke), Calhoun, V.D. (Vince), Cavalleri, G. (Gianpiero), Crespo-Facorro, B. (Benedicto), Dale, A.M. (Anders), Davies, G.E. (Gareth), Delanty, N., Depondt, C. (Chantal), Djurovic, S. (Srdjan), Drevets, D.A. (Douglas), Espeseth, T. (Thomas), Gollub, R.L. (Randy), Ho, B.C. (Beng ), Hoffmann, W. (Wolfgang), Hosten, N. (Norbert), Kahn, R. (René), Le Hellard, S. (Stephanie), Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Müller-Myhsok, B. (B.), Nauck, M. (Matthias), Nyberg, L. (Lars), Pandolfo, M. (Massimo), Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Roffman, J.L. (Joshua), Sisodiya, S.M. (Sanjay), Smoller, J.W., Bokhoven, H. (Hans) van, Haren, N.E.M. (Neeltje E.) van, Völzke, H. (Henry), Walter, H.J. (Henrik), Weiner, M.W. (Michael), Wen, W. (Wei), White, T.J.H. (Tonya), Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Andreassen, O.A. (Ole), Blangero, J. (John), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Brouwer, R.M. (Rachel), Cannon, D.M. (Dara), Cookson, M.R. (Mark), Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Deary, I.J. (Ian), Donohoe, D.J. (Dennis), Fernandez, G. (Guillén), Fisher, S.E. (Simon), Francks, C. (Clyde), Glahn, D.C. (David), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Gruber, O. (Oliver), Hardy, J. (John), Hashimoto, R. (Ryota), Hulshoff Pol, H.E. (Hilleke), Jönsson, E.G. (Erik), Kloszewska, I. (Iwona), Lovestone, S. (Simon), Mattay, V.S. (Venkata S.), Mecocci, P. (Patrizia), McDonald, C. (Colm), McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), Ophoff, R.A. (Roel), Paus, T. (Tomas), Pausova, Z. (Zdenka), Ryten, M. (Mina), Sachdev, P.S. (Perminder), Saykin, A.J. (Andrew), Simmons, A. (Andrew), Singleton, A. (Andrew), Soininen, H. (H.), Wardlaw, J.M. (J.), Weale, M.E. (Michael), Weinberger, D.R. (Daniel), Adams, H.H.H. (Hieab), Launer, L.J. (Lenore), Seiler, S. (Stephan), Schmidt, R. (Reinhold), Chauhan, G. (Ganesh), Satizabal, C.L. (Claudia), Becker, J.T. (James), Yanek, L.R. (Lisa), Lee, S.J. (Sven) van der, Ebling, M. (Maritza), Fischl, B. (Bruce), Longstreth Jr, W.T., Greve, D. (Douglas), Nyquist, P. (Paul), Vinke, L.N. (Louis N.), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Xue, L. (Luting), Mazoyer, B. (Bernard), Bis, J.C. (Joshua), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Seshadri, S. (Sudha), Ikram, M.A. (Arfan), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Schumann, G. (Gunter), Franke, B. (Barbara), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Hibar, D.P. (Derrek), Stein, J.L., Rentería, M.E. (Miguel), Arias-Vásquez, A. (Alejandro), Desrivières, S. (Sylvane), Jahanshad, N. (Neda), Toro, R. (Roberto), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Abramovic, L. (Lucija), Andersson, M. (Micael), Aribisala, B. (Benjamin), Armstrong, N.J. (Nicola J.), Bernard, M. (Manon), Bohlken, M.M. (Marc M.), Boks, M.P.M. (Marco), Bralten, L.B.C. (Linda), Brown, A.A. (Andrew), Chakravarty, M.M. (M. Mallar), Chen, Q. (Qiang), Ching, C.R.K. (Christopher), Cuellar-Partida, G. (Gabriel), Braber, A. (Anouk) den, Giddaluru, S. (Sudheer), Goldman, A.L. (Aaron L.), Grimm, O. (Oliver), Guadalupe, T. (Tulio), Hass, J. (Johanna), Woldehawariat, G. (Girma), Holmes, A.J. (Avram), Hoogman, M. (Martine), Janowitz, D. (Deborah), Jia, T. (Tianye), Kim, S. (Shinseog), Klein, M. (Marieke), Kraemer, B. (Bernd), Lee, P.H. (Phil H.), Olde Loohuis, L.M. (Loes M.), Luciano, M. (Michelle), MacAre, C. (Christine), Mather, R., Mattheisen, M. (Manuel), Milaneschi, Y. (Yuri), Nho, K. (Kwangsik), Papmeyer, M. (Martina), Ramasamy, A. (Adaikalavan), Risacher, S.L. (Shannon), Roiz-Santiañez, R. (Roberto), Rose, E.J. (Emma), Salami, A. (Alireza), Sämann, P.G. (Philipp), Schmaal, L. (Lianne), Schork, N.J. (Nicholas), Shin, J. (Jean), Strike, L.T. (Lachlan), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Van Donkelaar, M.M.J. (Marjolein M. J.), Eijk, K.R. (Kristel) van, Walters, R.K. (Raymond), Westlye, L.T. (Lars), Whelan, C.D. (Christopher), Winkler, A.M. (Anderson), Zwiers, M.P. (Marcel), Alhusaini, S. (Saud), Athanasiu, L. (Lavinia), Ehrlich, S.M. (Stefan), Hakobjan, M. (Marina), Hartberg, C.B. (Cecilie B.), Haukvik, U.K. (Unn), Heister, A.J.G.A.M. (Angelien J. G. A. M.), Hoehn, D. (David), Kasperaviciute, D. (Dalia), Liewald, D.C.M. (David), Lopez, L.M. (Lorna), Makkinje, R.R.R. (Remco R. R.), Matarin, M. (Mar), Naber, M.A.M. (Marlies A. M.), McKay, D.R. (Reese), Needham, M. (Margaret), Nugent, A.C. (Allison), Pütz, B. (Benno), Royle, N.A. (Natalie), Shen, L. (Li), Sprooten, R. (Roy), Trabzuni, D. (Danyah), Van Der Marel, S.S.L. (Saskia S. L.), Van Hulzen, K.J.E. (Kimm J. E.), Walton, E. (Esther), Björnsson, A. (Asgeir), Almasy, L. (Laura), Ames, D.J. (David), Arepalli, S. (Sampath), Assareh, A.A., Bastin, M.E. (Mark), Brodaty, H. (Henry), Bulayeva, K. (Kazima), Carless, M.A. (Melanie), Cichon, S. (Sven), Corvin, A. (Aiden), Curran, J.E. (Joanne), Czisch, M. (Michael), Zubicaray, G.I. (Greig) de, Dillman, A. (Allissa), Duggirala, A. (Aparna), Dyer, M.D. (Matthew), Erk, S., Fedko, I. (Iryna), Ferrucci, L. (Luigi), Foroud, T. (Tatiana), Fox, P.T. (Peter), Fukunaga, M. (Masaki), Raphael Gibbs, J., Göring, H.H.H. (Harald H.), Green, R.C. (Robert C.), Guelfi, S. (Sebastian), Hansell, N.K. (Narelle), Hartman, C.A. (Catharina), Hegenscheid, K. (Katrin), Heinz, J. (Judith), Hernandez, D.G. (Dena), Heslenfeld, D.J. (Dirk), Hoekstra, P.J. (Pieter), Holsboer, F., Homuth, G. (Georg), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Ikeda, M. (Masashi), Jack Jr., C.R. (Clifford), Jenkinson, S. (Sarah), Johnson, R. (Robert), Kanai, R. (Ryota), Keil, M. (Maria), Kent, J.W. (Jack W.), Kochunov, P. (Peter), Kwok, J.B. (John B.), Lawrie, S. (Stephen), Liu, X. (Xinmin), Longo, D.L. (Dan L.), Mcmahon, K.L. (Katie), Meisenzahl, E. (Eva), Melle, I. (Ingrid), Mohnke, S. (Sebastian), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant), Mostert, J.C. (Jeanette C.), Mühleisen, T.W. (Thomas), Nalls, M.A. (Michael), Nichols, T.E. (Thomas), Nilsson, L.G., Nöthen, M.M. (Markus), Ohi, K. (Kazutaka), Olvera, R.L. (Rene), Perez-Iglesias, R. (Rocio), Pike, G.B. (Bruce), Potkin, S.G. (Steven), Reinvang, I. (Ivar), Reppermund, S., Rietschel, M. (Marcella), Seiferth, N. (Nina), Rosen, G.D. (Glenn D.), Rujescu, D. (Dan), Schnell, K. (Kerry), Schofield, C.J. (Christopher), Smith, C. (Colin), Steen, V.M. (Vidar), Sussmann, J. (Jessika), Thalamuthu, A. (Anbupalam), Toga, A.W. (Arthur W.), Traynor, B. (Bryan), Troncoso, J.C. (Juan), Turner, J. (Jessica), Valdés Hernández, M.C. (Maria), Ent, D. (Dennis) van 't, Brug, M.P. (Marcel) van der, Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, Tol, M.J.D. (Marie-José) van, Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Wassink, A.M.J. (Annemarie), Westman, E. (Eric), Zielke, R.H. (Ronald H.), Zonderman, A.B. (Alan B.), Ashbrook, D.G. (David G.), Hager, R. (Reinmar), Lu, L. (Lu), Mcmahon, F.J. (Francis J), Morris, D.W. (Derek W), Williams, R.W. (Robert W.), Brunner, H.G., Buckner, M., Buitelaar, J.K. (Jan K.), Cahn, W. (Wiepke), Calhoun, V.D. (Vince), Cavalleri, G. (Gianpiero), Crespo-Facorro, B. (Benedicto), Dale, A.M. (Anders), Davies, G.E. (Gareth), Delanty, N., Depondt, C. (Chantal), Djurovic, S. (Srdjan), Drevets, D.A. (Douglas), Espeseth, T. (Thomas), Gollub, R.L. (Randy), Ho, B.C. (Beng ), Hoffmann, W. (Wolfgang), Hosten, N. (Norbert), Kahn, R. (René), Le Hellard, S. (Stephanie), Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Müller-Myhsok, B. (B.), Nauck, M. (Matthias), Nyberg, L. (Lars), Pandolfo, M. (Massimo), Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Roffman, J.L. (Joshua), Sisodiya, S.M. (Sanjay), Smoller, J.W., Bokhoven, H. (Hans) van, Haren, N.E.M. (Neeltje E.) van, Völzke, H. (Henry), Walter, H.J. (Henrik), Weiner, M.W. (Michael), Wen, W. (Wei), White, T.J.H. (Tonya), Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Andreassen, O.A. (Ole), Blangero, J. (John), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Brouwer, R.M. (Rachel), Cannon, D.M. (Dara), Cookson, M.R. (Mark), Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Deary, I.J. (Ian), Donohoe, D.J. (Dennis), Fernandez, G. (Guillén), Fisher, S.E. (Simon), Francks, C. (Clyde), Glahn, D.C. (David), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Gruber, O. (Oliver), Hardy, J. (John), Hashimoto, R. (Ryota), Hulshoff Pol, H.E. (Hilleke), Jönsson, E.G. (Erik), Kloszewska, I. (Iwona), Lovestone, S. (Simon), Mattay, V.S. (Venkata S.), Mecocci, P. (Patrizia), McDonald, C. (Colm), McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), Ophoff, R.A. (Roel), Paus, T. (Tomas), Pausova, Z. (Zdenka), Ryten, M. (Mina), Sachdev, P.S. (Perminder), Saykin, A.J. (Andrew), Simmons, A. (Andrew), Singleton, A. (Andrew), Soininen, H. (H.), Wardlaw, J.M. (J.), Weale, M.E. (Michael), Weinberger, D.R. (Daniel), Adams, H.H.H. (Hieab), Launer, L.J. (Lenore), Seiler, S. (Stephan), Schmidt, R. (Reinhold), Chauhan, G. (Ganesh), Satizabal, C.L. (Claudia), Becker, J.T. (James), Yanek, L.R. (Lisa), Lee, S.J. (Sven) van der, Ebling, M. (Maritza), Fischl, B. (Bruce), Longstreth Jr, W.T., Greve, D. (Douglas), Nyquist, P. (Paul), Vinke, L.N. (Louis N.), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Xue, L. (Luting), Mazoyer, B. (Bernard), Bis, J.C. (Joshua), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Seshadri, S. (Sudha), Ikram, M.A. (Arfan), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Schumann, G. (Gunter), Franke, B. (Barbara), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), and Medland, S.E. (Sarah)
Abstract: The highly complex structure of the human brain is strongly shaped by genetic influences. Subcortical brain regions form circuits with cortical areas to coordinate movement, learning, memory and motivation, a
Published: 2015
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14. The ENIGMA Consortium: Large-scale collaborative analyses of neuroimaging and genetic data

Author: Thompson, P.M. (Paul), Stein, J.L., Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Hibar, D.P. (Derrek), Vásquez, A.A. (Arias), Rentería, M.E. (Miguel), Toro, R. (Roberto), Jahanshad, N. (Neda), Schumann, G. (Gunter), Franke, B. (Barbara), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Alda, M. (Martin), Alhusaini, S. (Saud), Almasy, L. (Laura), Alpert, K. (Kathryn), Andreasen, N.C., Andreassen, O.A. (Ole), Apostolova, L.G. (Liana), Appel, K. (Katja), Armstrong, N.J. (Nicola), Aribisala, B. (Benjamin), Bastin, M.E. (Mark), Bauer, M. (Michael), Bearden, C.E. (Carrie), Bergmann, Ø. (Ørjan), Binder, E.B. (Elisabeth), Blangero, J. (John), Bockholt, H.J., Bøen, E. (Erlend), Bois, M. (Monique), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Booth, T. (Tom), Bowman, I.J. (Ian), Bralten, L.B.C. (Linda), Brouwer, R.M. (Rachel), Brunner, H.G., Brohawn, D.G. (David), Buckner, M., Buitelaar, J.K. (Jan), Bulayeva, K. (Kazima), Bustillo, J., Calhoun, V.D. (Vince), Cannon, D.M. (Dara), Cantor, R.M., Carless, M.A. (Melanie), Caseras, X. (Xavier), Cavalleri, G. (Gianpiero), Chakravarty, M.M. (M. Mallar), Chang, K.D. (Kiki), Ching, C.R.K. (Christopher), Christoforou, A. (Andrea), Cichon, S. (Sven), Clark, V.P., Conrod, P. (Patricia), Coppola, D. (Domenico), Crespo-Facorro, B. (Benedicto), Curran, J.E. (Joanne), Czisch, M. (Michael), Deary, I.J. (Ian), Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Braber, A. (Anouk) den, Delvecchio, G. (Giuseppe), Depondt, C. (Chantal), Haan, L. (Lieuwe) de, Zubicaray, G.I. (Greig) de, Dima, D. (Danai), Dimitrova, R. (Rali), Djurovic, S. (Srdjan), Dong, H. (Hongwei), Donohoe, D.J. (Dennis), Duggirala, A. (Aparna), Dyer, M.D. (Matthew), Ehrlich, S.M. (Stefan), Ekman, C.J. (Carl Johan), Elvsåshagen, T. (Torbjørn), Emsell, L. (Louise), Erk, S., Espeseth, T. (Thomas), Fagerness, J. (Jesen), Fears, S. (Scott), Fedko, I. (Iryna), Fernandez, G. (Guillén), Fisher, S.E. (Simon), Foroud, T. (Tatiana), Fox, P.T. (Peter), Francks, C. (Clyde), Frangou, S. (Sophia), Frey, E.M. (Eva Maria), Frodl, T. (Thomas), Frouin, V. (Vincent), Garavan, H. (Hugh), Giddaluru, S. (Sudheer), Glahn, D.C. (David), Godlewska, B. (Beata), Goldstein, R.Z. (Rita), Gollub, R.L. (Randy), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Grimm, O. (Oliver), Gruber, O. (Oliver), Guadalupe, T. (Tulio), Gur, R.E. (Raquel), Gur, R.C. (Ruben), Göring, H.H.H. (Harald), Hagenaars, S. (Saskia), Hajek, T. (Tomas), Hall, G.B. (Garry), Hall, J. (Jeremy), Hardy, J. (John), Hartman, C.A. (Catharina), Hass, J. (Johanna), Hatton, W., Haukvik, U.K. (Unn), Hegenscheid, K. (Katrin), Heinz, J. (Judith), Hickie, I.B. (Ian), Ho, B.C. (Beng ), Hoehn, D. (David), Hoekstra, P.J. (Pieter), Hollinshead, M. (Marisa), Holmes, A.J. (Avram), Homuth, G. (Georg), Hoogman, M. (Martine), Hong, L.E. (L.Elliot), Hosten, N. (Norbert), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Hulshoff Pol, H.E. (Hilleke), Hwang, K.S. (Kristy), Jack Jr., C.R. (Clifford), Jenkinson, S. (Sarah), Johnston, C., Jönsson, E.G. (Erik), Kahn, R.S. (René), Kasperaviciute, D. (Dalia), Kelly, S. (Steve), Kim, S. (Shinseog), Kochunov, P. (Peter), Koenders, L. (Laura), Krämer, B. (Bernd), Kwok, J.B.J. (John), Lagopoulos, J. (Jim), Laje, G. (Gonzalo), Landén, M. (Mikael), Landman, B.A. (Bennett), Lauriello, J., Lawrie, S. (Stephen), Lee, P.H. (Phil), Le Hellard, S. (Stephanie), Lemaître, H. (Herve), Leonardo, C.D. (Cassandra), Li, C.-S. (Chiang-shan), Liberg, B. (Benny), Liewald, D.C.M. (David), Liu, X. (Xinmin), Lopez, L.M. (Lorna), Loth, E. (Eva), Lourdusamy, A. (Anbarasu), Luciano, M. (Michelle), MacCiardi, F. (Fabio), Machielsen, M.W.J. (Marise), MacQueen, G.M. (Glenda), Malt, U.F. (Ulrik), Mandl, R. (René), Manoach, D.S. (Dara), Martinot, J.-L. (Jean-Luc), Matarin, M. (Mar), Mather, R., Mattheisen, M. (Manuel), Mattingsdal, M. (Morten), Meyer-Lindenberg, A., McDonald, C. (Colm), McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), Mcmahon, F.J. (Francis J), Mcmahon, K.L. (Katie), Meisenzahl, E. (Eva), Melle, I. (Ingrid), Milaneschi, Y. (Yuri), Mohnke, S. (Sebastian), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant), Morris, D.W. (Derek W), Moses, E.K. (Eric), Mueller, B.A. (Bryon ), Muñoz Maniega, S. (Susana), Mühleisen, T.W. (Thomas), Müller-Myhsok, B. (Bertram), Mwangi, B. (Benson), Nauck, M. (Matthias), Nho, K. (Kwangsik), Nichols, T.E. (Thomas), Nilsson, L.G., Nugent, A.C. (Allison), Nyberg, L. (Lisa), Olvera, R.L. (Rene), Oosterlaan, J. (Jaap), Ophoff, R.A. (Roel), Pandolfo, M. (Massimo), Papalampropoulou-Tsiridou, M. (Melina), Papmeyer, M. (Martina), Paus, T. (Tomas), Pausova, Z. (Zdenka), Pearlson, G. (Godfrey), Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Peterson, C.P. (Charles), Pfennig, A. (Andrea), Phillips, M. (Mary), Pike, G.B. (G Bruce), Poline, J.B. (Jean Baptiste), Potkin, S.G. (Steven), Pütz, B. (Benno), Ramasamy, A. (Adaikalavan), Rasmussen, J. (Jerod), Rietschel, M. (Marcella), Rijpkema, M. (Mark), Risacher, S.L. (Shannon), Roffman, J.L. (Joshua), Roiz-Santiañez, R. (Roberto), Romanczuk-Seiferth, N. (Nina), Rose, E.J. (Emma), Royle, N.A. (Natalie), Rujescu, D. (Dan), Ryten, M. (Mina), Sachdev, P.S. (Perminder), Salami, A. (Alireza), Satterthwaite, T.D. (Theodore), Savitz, J. (Jonathan), Saykin, A.J. (Andrew), Scanlon, C. (Cathy), Schmaal, L. (Lianne), Schnack, H. (Hugo), Schork, N.J. (Nicholas), Schulz, S.C. (S.Charles), Schür, R. (Remmelt), Seidman, L.J. (Larry), Shen, L. (Li), Shoemaker, L. (Lawrence), Simmons, A. (Andrew), Sisodiya, S.M. (Sanjay), Smith, C. (Colin), Smoller, J.W., Soares, J.C. (Jair), Sponheim, S.R. (Scott), Sprooten, R. (Roy), Starr, J.M. (John), Steen, V.M. (Vidar), Strakowski, S. (Stephen), Strike, L.T. (Lachlan), Sussmann, J. (Jessika), Sämann, P.G. (Philipp), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Toga, A.W. (Arthur), Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D. (Diana), Trabzuni, D. (Danyah), Trost, S. (Sarah), Turner, J. (Jessica), Heuvel, M. (Martijn) van den, Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, Eijk, K.R. (Kristel) van, Erp, T.G.M. (Theo G.) van, Haren, N.E.M. (Neeltje E.) van, Ent, D. (Dennis) van 't, Tol, M.J.D. (Marie-José) van, Valdés Hernández, M.C. (Maria), Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Versace, A. (Amelia), Völzke, H. (Henry), Walker, R. (Robert), Walter, H.J. (Henrik), Wang, L. (Lei), Wardlaw, J.M. (J.), Weale, M.E. (Michael), Weiner, M.W. (Michael), Wen, W. (Wei), Westlye, L.T. (Lars), Whalley, H.C. (Heather), Whelan, C.D. (Christopher), White, T.J.H. (Tonya), Winkler, A.M. (Anderson), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Woldehawariat, G. (Girma), Björnsson, A. (Asgeir), Zilles, D. (David), Zwiers, M.P. (Marcel), Thalamuthu, A. (Anbupalam), Almeida, J.R. (Jorge), Schofield, C.J. (Christopher), Freimer, N.B. (Nelson), Lawrence, N.S. (Natalia), Drevets, D.A. (Douglas), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), Stein, J.L., Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Hibar, D.P. (Derrek), Vásquez, A.A. (Arias), Rentería, M.E. (Miguel), Toro, R. (Roberto), Jahanshad, N. (Neda), Schumann, G. (Gunter), Franke, B. (Barbara), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Alda, M. (Martin), Alhusaini, S. (Saud), Almasy, L. (Laura), Alpert, K. (Kathryn), Andreasen, N.C., Andreassen, O.A. (Ole), Apostolova, L.G. (Liana), Appel, K. (Katja), Armstrong, N.J. (Nicola), Aribisala, B. (Benjamin), Bastin, M.E. (Mark), Bauer, M. (Michael), Bearden, C.E. (Carrie), Bergmann, Ø. (Ørjan), Binder, E.B. (Elisabeth), Blangero, J. (John), Bockholt, H.J., Bøen, E. (Erlend), Bois, M. (Monique), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Booth, T. (Tom), Bowman, I.J. (Ian), Bralten, L.B.C. (Linda), Brouwer, R.M. (Rachel), Brunner, H.G., Brohawn, D.G. (David), Buckner, M., Buitelaar, J.K. (Jan), Bulayeva, K. (Kazima), Bustillo, J., Calhoun, V.D. (Vince), Cannon, D.M. (Dara), Cantor, R.M., Carless, M.A. (Melanie), Caseras, X. (Xavier), Cavalleri, G. (Gianpiero), Chakravarty, M.M. (M. Mallar), Chang, K.D. (Kiki), Ching, C.R.K. (Christopher), Christoforou, A. (Andrea), Cichon, S. (Sven), Clark, V.P., Conrod, P. (Patricia), Coppola, D. (Domenico), Crespo-Facorro, B. (Benedicto), Curran, J.E. (Joanne), Czisch, M. (Michael), Deary, I.J. (Ian), Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Braber, A. (Anouk) den, Delvecchio, G. (Giuseppe), Depondt, C. (Chantal), Haan, L. (Lieuwe) de, Zubicaray, G.I. (Greig) de, Dima, D. (Danai), Dimitrova, R. (Rali), Djurovic, S. (Srdjan), Dong, H. (Hongwei), Donohoe, D.J. (Dennis), Duggirala, A. (Aparna), Dyer, M.D. (Matthew), Ehrlich, S.M. (Stefan), Ekman, C.J. (Carl Johan), Elvsåshagen, T. (Torbjørn), Emsell, L. (Louise), Erk, S., Espeseth, T. (Thomas), Fagerness, J. (Jesen), Fears, S. (Scott), Fedko, I. (Iryna), Fernandez, G. (Guillén), Fisher, S.E. (Simon), Foroud, T. (Tatiana), Fox, P.T. (Peter), Francks, C. (Clyde), Frangou, S. (Sophia), Frey, E.M. (Eva Maria), Frodl, T. (Thomas), Frouin, V. (Vincent), Garavan, H. (Hugh), Giddaluru, S. (Sudheer), Glahn, D.C. (David), Godlewska, B. (Beata), Goldstein, R.Z. (Rita), Gollub, R.L. (Randy), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Grimm, O. (Oliver), Gruber, O. (Oliver), Guadalupe, T. (Tulio), Gur, R.E. (Raquel), Gur, R.C. (Ruben), Göring, H.H.H. (Harald), Hagenaars, S. (Saskia), Hajek, T. (Tomas), Hall, G.B. (Garry), Hall, J. (Jeremy), Hardy, J. (John), Hartman, C.A. (Catharina), Hass, J. (Johanna), Hatton, W., Haukvik, U.K. (Unn), Hegenscheid, K. (Katrin), Heinz, J. (Judith), Hickie, I.B. (Ian), Ho, B.C. (Beng ), Hoehn, D. (David), Hoekstra, P.J. (Pieter), Hollinshead, M. (Marisa), Holmes, A.J. (Avram), Homuth, G. (Georg), Hoogman, M. (Martine), Hong, L.E. (L.Elliot), Hosten, N. (Norbert), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Hulshoff Pol, H.E. (Hilleke), Hwang, K.S. (Kristy), Jack Jr., C.R. (Clifford), Jenkinson, S. (Sarah), Johnston, C., Jönsson, E.G. (Erik), Kahn, R.S. (René), Kasperaviciute, D. (Dalia), Kelly, S. (Steve), Kim, S. (Shinseog), Kochunov, P. (Peter), Koenders, L. (Laura), Krämer, B. (Bernd), Kwok, J.B.J. (John), Lagopoulos, J. (Jim), Laje, G. (Gonzalo), Landén, M. (Mikael), Landman, B.A. (Bennett), Lauriello, J., Lawrie, S. (Stephen), Lee, P.H. (Phil), Le Hellard, S. (Stephanie), Lemaître, H. (Herve), Leonardo, C.D. (Cassandra), Li, C.-S. (Chiang-shan), Liberg, B. (Benny), Liewald, D.C.M. (David), Liu, X. (Xinmin), Lopez, L.M. (Lorna), Loth, E. (Eva), Lourdusamy, A. (Anbarasu), Luciano, M. (Michelle), MacCiardi, F. (Fabio), Machielsen, M.W.J. (Marise), MacQueen, G.M. (Glenda), Malt, U.F. (Ulrik), Mandl, R. (René), Manoach, D.S. (Dara), Martinot, J.-L. (Jean-Luc), Matarin, M. (Mar), Mather, R., Mattheisen, M. (Manuel), Mattingsdal, M. (Morten), Meyer-Lindenberg, A., McDonald, C. (Colm), McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), Mcmahon, F.J. (Francis J), Mcmahon, K.L. (Katie), Meisenzahl, E. (Eva), Melle, I. (Ingrid), Milaneschi, Y. (Yuri), Mohnke, S. (Sebastian), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant), Morris, D.W. (Derek W), Moses, E.K. (Eric), Mueller, B.A. (Bryon ), Muñoz Maniega, S. (Susana), Mühleisen, T.W. (Thomas), Müller-Myhsok, B. (Bertram), Mwangi, B. (Benson), Nauck, M. (Matthias), Nho, K. (Kwangsik), Nichols, T.E. (Thomas), Nilsson, L.G., Nugent, A.C. (Allison), Nyberg, L. (Lisa), Olvera, R.L. (Rene), Oosterlaan, J. (Jaap), Ophoff, R.A. (Roel), Pandolfo, M. (Massimo), Papalampropoulou-Tsiridou, M. (Melina), Papmeyer, M. (Martina), Paus, T. (Tomas), Pausova, Z. (Zdenka), Pearlson, G. (Godfrey), Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Peterson, C.P. (Charles), Pfennig, A. (Andrea), Phillips, M. (Mary), Pike, G.B. (G Bruce), Poline, J.B. (Jean Baptiste), Potkin, S.G. (Steven), Pütz, B. (Benno), Ramasamy, A. (Adaikalavan), Rasmussen, J. (Jerod), Rietschel, M. (Marcella), Rijpkema, M. (Mark), Risacher, S.L. (Shannon), Roffman, J.L. (Joshua), Roiz-Santiañez, R. (Roberto), Romanczuk-Seiferth, N. (Nina), Rose, E.J. (Emma), Royle, N.A. (Natalie), Rujescu, D. (Dan), Ryten, M. (Mina), Sachdev, P.S. (Perminder), Salami, A. (Alireza), Satterthwaite, T.D. (Theodore), Savitz, J. (Jonathan), Saykin, A.J. (Andrew), Scanlon, C. (Cathy), Schmaal, L. (Lianne), Schnack, H. (Hugo), Schork, N.J. (Nicholas), Schulz, S.C. (S.Charles), Schür, R. (Remmelt), Seidman, L.J. (Larry), Shen, L. (Li), Shoemaker, L. (Lawrence), Simmons, A. (Andrew), Sisodiya, S.M. (Sanjay), Smith, C. (Colin), Smoller, J.W., Soares, J.C. (Jair), Sponheim, S.R. (Scott), Sprooten, R. (Roy), Starr, J.M. (John), Steen, V.M. (Vidar), Strakowski, S. (Stephen), Strike, L.T. (Lachlan), Sussmann, J. (Jessika), Sämann, P.G. (Philipp), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Toga, A.W. (Arthur), Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D. (Diana), Trabzuni, D. (Danyah), Trost, S. (Sarah), Turner, J. (Jessica), Heuvel, M. (Martijn) van den, Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, Eijk, K.R. (Kristel) van, Erp, T.G.M. (Theo G.) van, Haren, N.E.M. (Neeltje E.) van, Ent, D. (Dennis) van 't, Tol, M.J.D. (Marie-José) van, Valdés Hernández, M.C. (Maria), Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Versace, A. (Amelia), Völzke, H. (Henry), Walker, R. (Robert), Walter, H.J. (Henrik), Wang, L. (Lei), Wardlaw, J.M. (J.), Weale, M.E. (Michael), Weiner, M.W. (Michael), Wen, W. (Wei), Westlye, L.T. (Lars), Whalley, H.C. (Heather), Whelan, C.D. (Christopher), White, T.J.H. (Tonya), Winkler, A.M. (Anderson), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Woldehawariat, G. (Girma), Björnsson, A. (Asgeir), Zilles, D. (David), Zwiers, M.P. (Marcel), Thalamuthu, A. (Anbupalam), Almeida, J.R. (Jorge), Schofield, C.J. (Christopher), Freimer, N.B. (Nelson), Lawrence, N.S. (Natalia), and Drevets, D.A. (Douglas)
Abstract: The Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium is a collaborative network of researchers working together on a range of large-scale studies that integrate data from 70 institutions worldwide. Organized into Working Groups that tackle questions in neuroscience, genetics, and medicine, ENIGMA studies have analyzed neuroimaging data from over 12,826 subjects. In addition, data from 12,171 individuals were provided by the CHARGE consortium for replication of findings, in a total of 24,997 subjects. By meta-analyzing results from many sites, ENIGMA has detected factors that affect the brain that no individual site could detect on its own, and that require larger numbers of subjects than any individual neuroimaging study has currently collected. ENIGMA's first project was a genome-wide association study identifying common variants in the genome associated with hippocampal volume or intracranial volume. Continuing work is exploring genetic associations with subcortical volumes (ENIGMA2) and white matter microstructure (ENIGMA-DTI). Working groups also focus on understanding how schizophrenia, bipolar illness, major depression and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affect the brain. We review the current progress of the ENIGMA Consortium, along with challenges and unexpected discoveries made on the way.
Published: 2014
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15. Allelic differences between Europeans and Chinese for CREB1 SNPs and their implications in gene expression regulation, hippocampal structure and function, and bipolar disorder susceptibility

Author: Li, M. (M.), Luo, X.-J. (X.), Rietschel, M. (Marcella), Lewis, C.M. (Cathryn), Mattheisen, M. (Manuel), Müller-Myhsok, B. (B.), Jamain, S. (Stéphane), Leboyer, M. (Marion), Landén, M. (Mikael), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), Cichon, S. (Sven), Nöthen, M.M. (Markus), Schulze, T.G. (Thomas), Sullivan, P. (Patrick), Bergen, S.E. (Sarah), Donohoe, D.J. (Dennis), Morris, D.W. (Derek W), Hargreaves, A. (A.), Gill, M. (Michael), Corvin, A. (Aiden), Hultman, C.M. (Christina), Toga, A.W. (Arthur), Shi, L. (L.), Lin, Q. (Q.), Shi, H. (Hong), Gan, L. (L.), Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Czamara, D. (Darina), Henry, C. (C.), Etain, B. (Bruno), Bis, J.C. (Joshua), Ikram, M.A. (Arfan), Fornage, M. (Myriam), Debette, S. (Stéphanie), Launer, L.J. (Lenore), Seshadri, S. (Sudha), Erk, S., Walter, H.J. (Henrik), Heinz, J. (Judith), Bellivier, F. (Frank), Stein, J.L., Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Arias-Vásquez, A. (Alejandro), Hibar, D.P. (Derrek), Franke, B. (Barbara), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Su, B. (B.), Li, M. (M.), Luo, X.-J. (X.), Rietschel, M. (Marcella), Lewis, C.M. (Cathryn), Mattheisen, M. (Manuel), Müller-Myhsok, B. (B.), Jamain, S. (Stéphane), Leboyer, M. (Marion), Landén, M. (Mikael), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), Cichon, S. (Sven), Nöthen, M.M. (Markus), Schulze, T.G. (Thomas), Sullivan, P. (Patrick), Bergen, S.E. (Sarah), Donohoe, D.J. (Dennis), Morris, D.W. (Derek W), Hargreaves, A. (A.), Gill, M. (Michael), Corvin, A. (Aiden), Hultman, C.M. (Christina), Toga, A.W. (Arthur), Shi, L. (L.), Lin, Q. (Q.), Shi, H. (Hong), Gan, L. (L.), Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Czamara, D. (Darina), Henry, C. (C.), Etain, B. (Bruno), Bis, J.C. (Joshua), Ikram, M.A. (Arfan), Fornage, M. (Myriam), Debette, S. (Stéphanie), Launer, L.J. (Lenore), Seshadri, S. (Sudha), Erk, S., Walter, H.J. (Henrik), Heinz, J. (Judith), Bellivier, F. (Frank), Stein, J.L., Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Arias-Vásquez, A. (Alejandro), Hibar, D.P. (Derrek), Franke, B. (Barbara), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), and Su, B. (B.)
Abstract: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a polygenic disorder that shares substantial genetic risk factors with major depressive disorder (MDD). Genetic analyses have reported numerous BD susceptibility genes, while some variants, such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CACNA1C have been successfully replicated, many others have not and subsequently their effects on the intermediate phenotypes cannot be verified. Here, we studied the MDD-related gene CREB1 in a set of independent BD sample groups of European ancestry (a total of 64 888 subjects) and identified multiple SNPs significantly associated with BD (the most significant being SNP rs6785A, P=6.32 × 10 -5, odds ratio (OR)=1.090). Risk SNPs were then subjected to further analyses in healthy Europeans for intermediate phenotypes of BD, including hippocampal volume, hippocampal function and cognitive performance. Our results showed that the risk SNPs were significantly associated with hippocampal volume and hippocampal function, with the risk alleles showing a decreased hippocampal volume and diminished activation of the left hippocampus, adding further evidence for their involvement in BD susceptibility. We also found the risk SNPs were strongly associated with CREB1 expression in lymphoblastoid cells (P<0.005) and the prefrontal cortex (P<1.0 × 10 -6). Remarkably, population genetic analysis indicated that CREB1 displayed striking differences in allele frequencies between continental populations, and the risk alleles were completely absent in East Asian populations. We demonstrated that the regional prevalence of the CREB1 risk alleles in Europeans is likely caused by genetic hitchhiking due to natural selection acting on a nearby gene. Our results suggest that differential population histories due to natural selection on regional populations may lead to genetic heterogeneity of susceptibility to complex diseases, such as BD, and explain inconsistencies in detecting the genetic markers of these diseases among differe
Published: 2014
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16. Harmonization of neuroticism and extraversion phenotypes across inventories and cohorts in the Genetics of Personality Consortium: An application of item response theory

Author: Berg, S.M. (Stéphanie) van den, Moor, M.H.M. de, McGue, M. (Matt), Pettersson, E. (Erik), Terracciano, A., Verweij, K.J.H. (Karin J.), Amin, N. (Najaf), Derringer, J., Esko, T. (Tõnu), Grootheest, G. (Gerard) van, Hansell, N.K. (Narelle), Huffman, J.E. (Jennifer), Konte, B., Lahti, J. (Jari), Luciano, M. (Michelle), Matteson, L.K. (Lindsay), Viktorin, A. (Alexander), Wouda, J. (Jasper), Agrawal, A. (Arpana), Allik, J., Bierut, L.J. (Laura), Broms, U. (Ulla), Campbell, H. (Harry), Smith, G.D. (George Davey), Hagen, K. (Knut), Ferrucci, L. (Luigi), Franke, B. (Barbara), Fox, J.P. (Jean-Paul), Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Giegling, I. (Ina), Gow, A.J. (Alan J.), Grucza, R., Hartmann, A.M. (Annette M), Heath, A.C. (Andrew), Heikkilä, K. (Kauko), Iacono, W.G. (William), Janzing, J.G.E. (Joost), Jokela, M. (Markus), Kiemeney, L.A.L.M. (Bart), Lehtimäki, T. (Terho), Madden, P.A.F. (Pamela), Magnusson, P.K. (Patrik), Northstone, K. (Kate), Nutile, T., Ouwens, K.G. (Klaasjan), Palotie, A. (Aarno), Pattie, A. (Alison), Pesonen, A.-K. (Anu-Katriina), Polasek, O. (Ozren), Pulkkinen, L. (Lea), Pulkki-Råback, L. (Laura), Raitakari, O. (Olli), Realo, A. (Anu), Rose, R.J. (Richard), Ruggiero, D., Seppälä, I. (Ilkka), Slutske, W.S. (Wendy), Smyth, D.C. (David), Sorice, R., Starr, J.M. (John), Sutin, A.R., Tanaka, T. (Toshiko), Verhagen, J. (Josine), Vermeulen, S.H.H.M. (Sita), Vuoksimaa, E. (Eero), Widen, E. (Elisabeth), Willemsen, G.A.H.M. (Gonneke), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Zgaga, L. (Lina), Rujescu, D. (Dan), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Wilson, J.F. (James F), Ciullo, M., Hayward, C. (Caroline), Rudan, I. (Igor), Deary, I.J. (Ian), Räikkönen, K. (Katri), Arias-Vásquez, A. (Alejandro), Costa, P.T. (Paul), Keltikangas-Järvinen, L. (Liisa), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Krueger, R.F., Evans, D.M. (David), Kaprio, J. (Jaakko), Pedersen, N.L. (Nancy), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Berg, S.M. (Stéphanie) van den, Moor, M.H.M. de, McGue, M. (Matt), Pettersson, E. (Erik), Terracciano, A., Verweij, K.J.H. (Karin J.), Amin, N. (Najaf), Derringer, J., Esko, T. (Tõnu), Grootheest, G. (Gerard) van, Hansell, N.K. (Narelle), Huffman, J.E. (Jennifer), Konte, B., Lahti, J. (Jari), Luciano, M. (Michelle), Matteson, L.K. (Lindsay), Viktorin, A. (Alexander), Wouda, J. (Jasper), Agrawal, A. (Arpana), Allik, J., Bierut, L.J. (Laura), Broms, U. (Ulla), Campbell, H. (Harry), Smith, G.D. (George Davey), Hagen, K. (Knut), Ferrucci, L. (Luigi), Franke, B. (Barbara), Fox, J.P. (Jean-Paul), Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Giegling, I. (Ina), Gow, A.J. (Alan J.), Grucza, R., Hartmann, A.M. (Annette M), Heath, A.C. (Andrew), Heikkilä, K. (Kauko), Iacono, W.G. (William), Janzing, J.G.E. (Joost), Jokela, M. (Markus), Kiemeney, L.A.L.M. (Bart), Lehtimäki, T. (Terho), Madden, P.A.F. (Pamela), Magnusson, P.K. (Patrik), Northstone, K. (Kate), Nutile, T., Ouwens, K.G. (Klaasjan), Palotie, A. (Aarno), Pattie, A. (Alison), Pesonen, A.-K. (Anu-Katriina), Polasek, O. (Ozren), Pulkkinen, L. (Lea), Pulkki-Råback, L. (Laura), Raitakari, O. (Olli), Realo, A. (Anu), Rose, R.J. (Richard), Ruggiero, D., Seppälä, I. (Ilkka), Slutske, W.S. (Wendy), Smyth, D.C. (David), Sorice, R., Starr, J.M. (John), Sutin, A.R., Tanaka, T. (Toshiko), Verhagen, J. (Josine), Vermeulen, S.H.H.M. (Sita), Vuoksimaa, E. (Eero), Widen, E. (Elisabeth), Willemsen, G.A.H.M. (Gonneke), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Zgaga, L. (Lina), Rujescu, D. (Dan), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Wilson, J.F. (James F), Ciullo, M., Hayward, C. (Caroline), Rudan, I. (Igor), Deary, I.J. (Ian), Räikkönen, K. (Katri), Arias-Vásquez, A. (Alejandro), Costa, P.T. (Paul), Keltikangas-Järvinen, L. (Liisa), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Krueger, R.F., Evans, D.M. (David), Kaprio, J. (Jaakko), Pedersen, N.L. (Nancy), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), and Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret)
Abstract: Mega- or meta-analytic studies (e.g. genome-wide association studies) are increasingly used in behavior genetics. An issue in such studies is that phenotypes are often measured by different instruments across study cohorts, requiring harmonization of measures so that more powerful fixed effect meta-analyses can be employed. Within the Genetics of Personality Consortium, we demonstrate for two clinically relevant personality traits, Neuroticism and Extraversion, how Item-Response Theory (IRT) can be applied to map item data from different inventories to the same underlying constructs. Personality item data were analyzed in >160,000 individuals from 23 cohorts across Europe, USA and Australia in which Neuroticism and Extraversion were assessed by nine different personality inventories. Results showed that harmonization was very successful for most personality inventories and moderately successful for some. Neuroticism and Extraversion inventories were largely measurement invariant across cohorts, in particular when comparing cohorts from countries where the same language is spoken. The IRT-based scores for Neuroticism and Extraversion were heritable (48 and 49 %, respectively, based on a meta-analysis of six twin cohorts, total N = 29,496 and 29,501 twin pairs, respectively) with a significant part of the heritability due to non-additive genetic factors. For Extraversion, these genetic factors qualitatively differ across sexes. We showed that our IRT method can lead to a large increase in sample size and therefore statistical power. The IRT approach may be applied to any mega- or meta-analytic study in which item-based behavioral measures need to be harmonized.
Published: 2014
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17. Identification of an age-dependent biomarker signature in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders

Author: Ramsey, J.M. (Jordan), Guest, P.C. (Paul), Broek, J.A.C. (Jantine A.), Glennon, J.C. (Jeffrey C), Rommelse, N. (Nanda), Franke, B. (Barbara), Rahmoune, H. (Hassan), Buitelaar, J.K. (Jan), Bahn, S. (Sabine), Ramsey, J.M. (Jordan), Guest, P.C. (Paul), Broek, J.A.C. (Jantine A.), Glennon, J.C. (Jeffrey C), Rommelse, N. (Nanda), Franke, B. (Barbara), Rahmoune, H. (Hassan), Buitelaar, J.K. (Jan), and Bahn, S. (Sabine)
Abstract: Background: Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are neurodevelopmental conditions with symptoms manifesting before the age of 3, generally persisting throughout life and affecting social development and comm
Published: 2013
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17 results on '"Franke, B. (Barbara)"'

1. DNA methylation signatures of aggression and closely related constructs: A meta-analysis of epigenome-wide studies across the lifespan

2. Cortical thickness across the lifespan: Data from 17,075 healthy individuals aged 3–90 years

3. DNA methylation signatures of aggression and closely related constructs:a meta-analysis of epigenome-wide studies across the lifespan

4. Subcortical volumes across the lifespan: Data from 18,605 healthy individuals aged 3–90 years

5. ENIGMA and global neuroscience: A decade of large-scale studies of the brain in health and disease across more than 40 countries

6. Pleiotropic contribution of MECOM and AVPR1A to aggression and subcortical brain volumes

7. Variation in a range of mTOR-related genes associates with intracranial volume and intellectual disability

8. Novel genetic loci associated with hippocampal volume

9. Genetic influences on schizophrenia and subcortical brain volumes:large-scale proof of concept

10. Genome-wide association study identifies 74 loci associated with educational attainment

11. Meta-analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies for Extraversion: Findings from the Genetics of Personality Consortium

12. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for neuroticism, and the polygenic association with major depressive disorder

13. Common genetic variants influence human subcortical brain structures

14. The ENIGMA Consortium: Large-scale collaborative analyses of neuroimaging and genetic data

15. Allelic differences between Europeans and Chinese for CREB1 SNPs and their implications in gene expression regulation, hippocampal structure and function, and bipolar disorder susceptibility

16. Harmonization of neuroticism and extraversion phenotypes across inventories and cohorts in the Genetics of Personality Consortium: An application of item response theory

17. Identification of an age-dependent biomarker signature in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders

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17 results on '"Franke, B. (Barbara)"'

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