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3,388 results on '"Franke, B"'

2. Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay

Author

Adams, C., Alfonso, K., Andreoiu, C., Angelico, E., Arnquist, I. J., Asaadi, J. A. A., Avignone, F. T., Axani, S. N., Barabash, A. S., Barbeau, P. S., Baudis, L., Bellini, F., Beretta, M., Bhatta, T., Biancacci, V., Biassoni, M., Bossio, E., Breur, P. A., Brodsky, J. P., Brofferio, C., Brown, E., Brugnera, R., Brunner, T., Burlac, N., Caden, E., Calgaro, S., Cao, G. F., Cao, L., Capelli, C., Cardani, L., Fernandez, R. Castillo, Cattadori, C. M., Chana, B., Chernyak, D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Church, E., Cirigliano, V., Collister, R., Comellato, T., Dalmasson, J., D'Andrea, V., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Decowski, M. P., Demarteau, M., Peixoto, S. De Meireles, Detwiler, J. A., DeVoe, R. G., Di Domizio, S., Di Marco, N., di Vacri, M. L., Dolinski, M. J., Efremenko, Yu., Elbeltagi, M., Elliott, S. R., Engel, J., Fabris, L., Fairbank, W. M., Farine, J., Febbraro, M., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Fields, D. E., Formaggio, J. A., Foust, B. T., Franke, B., Fu, Y., Fujikawa, B. K., Gallacher, D., Gallina, G., Garfagnini, A., Gingras, C., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Gold, M., Gornea, R., Grant, C., Gratta, G., Green, M. P., Grinyer, G. F., Gruszko, J., Guan, Y., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Gutierrez, T. D., Hansen, E. V., Hardy, C. A., Hauptman, J., Heffner, M., Heeger, K. M., Henning, R., Hergert, H., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hodak, R., Holt, J. D., Hoppe, E. W., Horoi, M., Huang, H. Z., Inoue, K., Jamil, A., Jochum, J., Jones, B. J. P., Kaizer, J., Karapetrov, G., Kharusi, S. Al, Kidd, M. F., Kishimoto, Y., Klein, J. R., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Kontul, I., Kornoukhov, V. N., Krause, P., Krucken, R., Kumar, K. S., Lang, K., Leach, K. G., Lenardo, B. G., Leonhardt, A., Li, A., Li, G., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lindsay, R., Lippi, I., Liu, J., Macko, M., MacLellan, R., Macolino, C., Majidi, S., Mamedov, F., Masbou, J., Massarczyk, R., Mastbaum, A. T., Mayer, D., Mazumdar, A., Mei, D. M., Mei, Y., Meijer, S. J., Mereghetti, E., Mertens, S., Mistry, K., Mitsui, T., Moore, D. C., Morella, M., Nattress, J. T., Neuberger, M., Ngwadla, X. E., Nones, C., Novosad, V., Nygren, D. R., Ondze, J. C. Nzobadila, O'Donnell, T., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Ouellet, J. L., Overman, C., Pagani, L., Palusova, V., Para, A., Pavan, M., Perna, A., Pertoldi, L., Pettus, W., Piepke, A., Piseri, P., Pocar, A., Povinec, P., Psihas, F., Pullia, A., Radford, D. C., Ramonnye, G. J, Rasiwala, H., Redchuk, M., Riboldi, S., Richardson, G., Rielage, K., Rogers, L., Rowson, P. C., Rukhadze, E., Saakyan, R., Sada, C., Salamanna, G., Salamida, F., Saldanha, R., Salvat, D. J., Sangiorgio, S., Schaper, D. C., Schoenert, S., Schwarz, M., Schwartz, S. E., Shitov, Y., Simkovic, F., Singh, V., Slavickova, M., Sousa, A. C., Spadoni, F. L., Speller, D. H., Stekl, I., Sumathi, R. R., Surukuchi, P. T., Tayloe, R., Tornow, W., Torres, J. A., Totev, T. I., Triambak, S., Tyuka, O. A., Vasilyev, S. I., Velazquez, M., Viel, S., Vogl, C., von Strum, K., Wang, Q., Waters, D., Watkins, S. L., Watts, M., Wei, W. -Z., Welliver, B., Wen, Liangjian, Wichoski, U., Wilde, S., Wilkerson, J. F., Winslow, L., Wiseman, C., Wu, X., Xu, W., Yang, H., Yang, L., Yu, C. H., Zeman, J., Zennamo, J., and Zuzel, G.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

This White Paper, prepared for the Fundamental Symmetries, Neutrons, and Neutrinos Town Meeting related to the 2023 Nuclear Physics Long Range Plan, makes the case for double beta decay as a critical component of the future nuclear physics program. The major experimental collaborations and many theorists have endorsed this white paper., Comment: white paper submitted for the Fundamental Symmetries, Neutrons, and Neutrinos Town Meeting in support of the US Nuclear Physics Long Range Planning Process

Published
2022

3. Characterization of electroless nickel-phosphorus plating for ultracold-neutron storage

Author

Akatsuka, H., Andalib, T., Bell, B., Berean-Dutcher, J., Bernier, N., Bidinosti, C. P., Cude-Woods, C., Currie, S. A., Davis, C. A., Franke, B., Gaur, R., Giampa, P., Hansen-Romu, S., Hassan, M. T., Hatanaka, K., Higuchi, T., Gibson, C., Ichikawa, G., Ide, I., Imajo, S., Ito, T. M., Jamieson, B., Kawasaki, S., Kitaguchi, M., Klassen, W., Korkmaz, E., Kuchler, F., Lang, M., Lavvaf, M., Lindner, T., Makela, M., Mammei, J., Mammei, R., Martin, J. W., Matsumiya, R., Miller, E., Mishima, K., Momose, T., Morawetz, S., Morris, C. L., Ong, H. J., O'Shaughnessy, C. M., Pereira-Wilson, M., Picker, R., Piermaier, F., Pierre, E., Schreyer, W., Sidhu, S., Stang, D., Tiepo, V., Vanbergen, S., Wang, R., Wong, D., and Yamamoto, N.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Electroless nickel plating is an established industrial process that provides a robust and relatively low-cost coating suitable for transporting and storing ultracold neutrons (UCN). Using roughness measurements and UCN-storage experiments we characterized UCN guides made from polished aluminum or stainless-steel tubes plated by several vendors. All electroless nickel platings were similarly suited for UCN storage with an average loss probability per wall bounce of $2.8\cdot10^{-4}$ to $4.1\cdot10^{-4}$ for energies between 90 neV and 190 neV, or a ratio of imaginary to real Fermi potential $\eta$ of $1.7\cdot10^{-4}$ to $3.3\cdot10^{-4}$. Measurements at different elevations indicate that the energy dependence of UCN losses is well described by the imaginary Fermi potential. Some special considerations are required to avoid an increase in surface roughness during the plating process and hence a reduction in UCN transmission. Increased roughness had only a minor impact on storage properties. Based on these findings we chose a vendor to plate the UCN-production vessel that will contain the superfluid-helium converter for the new TRIUMF UltraCold Advanced Neutron (TUCAN) source, achieving acceptable UCN-storage properties with ${\eta=3.5(5)\cdot10^{-4}}$., Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures

Published
2022
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4. Coordinated cortical thickness alterations across six neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders

Author

Hettwer, MD, Larivière, S, Park, BY, van den Heuvel, OA, Schmaal, L, Andreassen, OA, Ching, CRK, Hoogman, M, Buitelaar, J, van Rooij, D, Veltman, DJ, Stein, DJ, Franke, B, van Erp, TGM, Jahanshad, N, Thompson, PM, Thomopoulos, SI, Bethlehem, RAI, Bernhardt, BC, Eickhoff, SB, and Valk, SL

Subjects
Mental Health, Brain Disorders, Neurosciences, Behavioral and Social Science, Mental health, Humans, Cerebral Cortex, Connectome, Mental Disorders, Cerebellum, Attention, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, ENIGMA ADHD Working Group, ENIGMA Autism Working Group, ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder Working Group, ENIGMA Major Depression Working Group, ENIGMA OCD Working Group, ENIGMA Schizophrenia Working Group
Abstract

Neuropsychiatric disorders are increasingly conceptualized as overlapping spectra sharing multi-level neurobiological alterations. However, whether transdiagnostic cortical alterations covary in a biologically meaningful way is currently unknown. Here, we studied co-alteration networks across six neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders, reflecting pathological structural covariance. In 12,024 patients and 18,969 controls from the ENIGMA consortium, we observed that co-alteration patterns followed normative connectome organization and were anchored to prefrontal and temporal disease epicenters. Manifold learning revealed frontal-to-temporal and sensory/limbic-to-occipitoparietal transdiagnostic gradients, differentiating shared illness effects on cortical thickness along these axes. The principal gradient aligned with a normative cortical thickness covariance gradient and established a transcriptomic link to cortico-cerebello-thalamic circuits. Moreover, transdiagnostic gradients segregated functional networks involved in basic sensory, attentional/perceptual, and domain-general cognitive processes, and distinguished between regional cytoarchitectonic profiles. Together, our findings indicate that shared illness effects occur in a synchronized fashion and along multiple levels of hierarchical cortical organization.

Published
2022

5. Measurement of the permanent electric dipole moment of the neutron

Author

Abel, C., Afach, S., Ayres, N. J., Baker, C. A., Ban, G., Bison, G., Bodek, K., Bondar, V., Burghoff, M., Chanel, E., Chowdhuri, Z., Chiu, P. -J., Clement, B., Crawford, C. B., Daum, M., Emmenegger, S., Ferraris-Bouchez, L., Fertl, M., Flaux, P., Franke, B., Fratangelo, A., Geltenbort, P., Green, K., Griffith, W. C., van der Grinten, M., Grujić, Z. D., Harris, P. G., Hayen, L., Heil, W., Henneck, R., Hélaine, V., Hild, N., Hodge, Z., Horras, M., Iaydjiev, P., Ivanov, S. N., Kasprzak, M., Kermaidic, Y., Kirch, K., Knecht, A., Knowles, P., Koch, H. -C., Koss, P. A., Komposch, S., Kozela, A., Kraft, A., Krempel, J., Kuźniak, M., Lauss, B., Lefort, T., Lemière, Y., Leredde, A., Mohanmurthy, P., Mtchedlishvili, A., Musgrave, M., Naviliat-Cuncic, O., Pais, D., Piegsa, F. M., Pierre, E., Pignol, G., Plonka-Spehr, C., Prashanth, P. N., Quéméner, G., Rawlik, M., Rebreyend, D., Rienäcker, I., Ries, D., Roccia, S., Rogel, G., Rozpedzik, D., Schnabel, A., Schmidt-Wellenburg, P., Severijns, N., Shiers, D., Dinani, R. Tavakoli, Thorne, J. A., Virot, R., Voigt, J., Weis, A., Wursten, E., Wyszynski, G., Zejma, J., Zenner, J., and Zsigmond, G.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We present the result of an experiment to measure the electric dipole moment (EDM) of the neutron at the Paul Scherrer Institute using Ramsey's method of separated oscillating magnetic fields with ultracold neutrons (UCN). Our measurement stands in the long history of EDM experiments probing physics violating time reversal invariance. The salient features of this experiment were the use of a Hg-199 co-magnetometer and an array of optically pumped cesium vapor magnetometers to cancel and correct for magnetic field changes. The statistical analysis was performed on blinded datasets by two separate groups while the estimation of systematic effects profited from an unprecedented knowledge of the magnetic field. The measured value of the neutron EDM is $d_{\rm n} = (0.0\pm1.1_{\rm stat}\pm0.2_{\rm sys})\times10^{-26}e\,{\rm cm}$., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, submitted to PRL on 18.12.2019

Published
2020
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6. Optically Pumped Cs Magnetometers Enabling a High-Sensitivity Search for the Neutron Electric Dipole Moment

Author

Abel, C., Afach, S., Ayres, N. J., Ban, G., Bison, G., Bodek, K., Bondar, V., Chanel, E., Chiu, P. -J., Crawford, C. B., Chowdhuri, Z., Daum, M., Emmenegger, S., Ferraris-Bouchez, L., Fertl, M., Franke, B., Griffith, W. C., Grujić, Z. D., Hayen, L., Hélaine, V., Hild, N., Kasprzak, M., Kermaidic, Y., Kirch, K., Knowles, P., Koch, H. -C., Komposch, S., Koss, P. A., Kozela, A., Krempel, J., Lauss, B., Lefort, T., Lemière, Y., Leredde, A., Mtchedlishvili, A., Mohanmurthy, P., Musgrave, M., Naviliat-Cuncic, O., Pais, D., Pazgalev, A., Piegsa, F. M., Pierre, E., Pignol, G., Prashanth, P. N., Quéméner, G., Rawlik, M., Rebreyend, D., Ries, D., Roccia, S., Rozpedzik, D., Schmidt-Wellenburg, P., Schnabel, A., Severijns, N., Dinani, R. Tavakoli, Thorne, J., Weis, A., Wursten, E., Wyszynski, G., Zejma, J., and Zsigmond, G.

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

An array of sixteen laser-pumped scalar Cs magnetometers was part of the neutron electric dipole moment (nEDM) experiment taking data at the Paul Scherrer Institute in 2015 and 2016. It was deployed to measure the gradients of the experiment's magnetic field and to monitor their temporal evolution. The originality of the array lies in its compact design, in which a single near-infrared diode laser drives all magnetometers that are located in a high-vacuum chamber, with a selection of the sensors mounted on a high-voltage electrode. We describe details of the Cs sensors' construction and modes of operation, emphasizing the accuracy and sensitivity of the magnetic field readout. We present two applications of the magnetometer array directly beneficial to the nEDM experiment: (i) the implementation of a strategy to correct for the drift of the vertical magnetic field gradient and (ii) a procedure to homogenize the magnetic field. The first reduces the uncertainty of the new nEDM result. The second enables transverse neutron spin relaxation times exceeding 1500 s, improving the statistical sensitivity of the nEDM experiment by about 35% and effectively increasing the rate of nEDM data taking by a factor of 1.8.

Published
2019
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8. A fast-switching magnet serving a spallation-driven ultracold neutron source

Author

Ahmed, S., Altiere, E., Andalib, T., Barnes, M. J., Bell, B., Bidinosti, C. P., Bylinsky, Y., Chak, J., Das, M., Davis, C. A., Fischer, F., Franke, B., Gericke, M. T. W., Giampa, P., Hahn, M., Hansen-Romu, S., Hatanaka, K., Hayamizu, T., Jamieson, B., Jones, D., Katsika, K., Kawasaki, S., Kikawa, T., Klassen, W., Konaka, A., Korkmaz, E., Kuchler, F., Kurchaninov, L., Lang, M., Lee, L., Lindner, T., Madison, K. W., Mammei, J., Mammei, R., Martin, J. W., Matsumiya, R., Miller, E., Momose, T., Picker, R., Pierre, E., Ramsay, W. D., Rao, Y. -N., Rawnsley, W. R., Rebenitsch, L., Schreyer, W., Sidhu, S., Vanbergen, S., van Oers, W. T. H., Watanabe, Y. X., and Yosifov, D.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics, Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

A fast-switching, high-repetition-rate magnet and power supply have been developed for and operated at TRIUMF, to deliver a proton beam to the new ultracold neutron (UCN) facility. The facility possesses unique operational requirements: a time-averaged beam current of 40~$\mu$A with the ability to switch the beam on or off for several minutes. These requirements are in conflict with the typical operation mode of the TRIUMF cyclotron which delivers nearly continuous beam to multiple users. To enable the creation of the UCN facility, a beam-sharing arrangement with another facility was made. The beam sharing is accomplished by the fast-switching (kicker) magnet which is ramped in 50~$\mu$s to a current of 193~A, held there for approximately 1~ms, then ramped down in the same short period of time. This achieves a 12~mrad deflection which is sufficient to switch the proton beam between the two facilities. The kicker magnet relies on a high-current, low-inductance coil connected to a fast-switching power supply that is based on insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). The design and performance of the kicker magnet system and initial beam delivery results are reported., Comment: 16 pages, 21 figures

Published
2019
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9. Characterization of electroless nickel-phosphorus plating for ultracold-neutron storage

Author

Akatsuka, H., Andalib, T., Bell, B., Berean-Dutcher, J., Bernier, N., Bidinosti, C.P., Cude-Woods, C., Currie, S.A., Davis, C.A., Franke, B., Gaur, R., Giampa, P., Hansen-Romu, S., Hassan, M.T., Hatanaka, K., Higuchi, T., Gibson, C., Ichikawa, G., Ide, I., Imajo, S., Ito, T.M., Jamieson, B., Kawasaki, S., Kitaguchi, M., Klassen, W., Korkmaz, E., Kuchler, F., Lang, M., Lavvaf, M., Lindner, T., Makela, M., Mammei, J., Mammei, R., Martin, J.W., Matsumiya, R., Miller, E., Mishima, K., Momose, T., Morawetz, S., Morris, C.L., Ong, H.J., O’Shaughnessy, C.M., Pereira-Wilson, M., Picker, R., Piermaier, F., Pierre, E., Schreyer, W., Sidhu, S., Stang, D., Tiepo, V., Vanbergen, S., Wang, R., Wong, D., and Yamamoto, N.

Published
2023
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10. A beamline for fundamental neutron physics at TRIUMF

Author

Ahmed, S., Andalib, T., Barnes, M. J., Bidinosti, C. B., Bylinsky, Y., Chak, J., Das, M., Davis, C. A., Franke, B., Gericke, M. T. W., Giampa, P., Hahn, M., Hansen-Romu, S., Hatanaka, K., Jamieson, B., Jones, D., Katsika, K., Kawasaki, S., Klassen, W., Konaka, A., Korkmaz, E., Kuchler, F., Kurchaninov, L., Lang, M., Lee, L., Lindner, T., Madison, K. W., Mammei, J., Mammei, R., Martin, J. W., Matsumiya, R., Picker, R., Pierre, E., Ramsay, W. D., Rao, Y. -N., Rawnsley, W. R., Rebenitsch, L., Remon, C. A., Schreyer, W., Sikora, A., Sidhu, S., Sonier, J., Thorsteinson, B., Vanbergen, S., van Oers, W. T. H., Watanabe, Y. X., and Yosifov, D.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

This article describes the new primary proton beamline 1U at TRIUMF. The purpose of this beamline is to produce ultracold neutrons (UCN) for fundamental-physics experiments. It delivers up to 40 microA of 480 MeV protons from the TRIUMF cyclotron to a tungsten spallation target and uses a fast kicker to share the beam between the Center for Molecular and Materials Science and UCN. The beamline has been successfully commissioned and operated with a beam current up to 10 microA, facilitating first large-scale UCN production in Canada.

Published
2018
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11. First ultracold neutrons produced at TRIUMF

Author

Ahmed, S., Altiere, E., Andalib, T., Bell, B., Bidinosti, C. P., Cudmore, E., Das, M., Davis, C. A., Franke, B., Gericke, M., Giampa, P., Gnyp, P., Hansen-Romu, S., Hatanaka, K., Hayamizu, T., Jamieson, B., Jones, D., Kawasaki, S., Kikawa, T., Kitaguchi, M., Klassen, W., Konaka, A., Korkmaz, E., Kuchler, F., Lang, M., Lee, L., Lindner, T., Madison, K. W., Makida, Y., Mammei, J., Mammei, R., Martin, J. W., Matsumiya, R., Miller, E., Mishima, K., Momose, T., Okamura, T., Page, S., Picker, R., Pierre, E., Ramsay, W. D., Rebenitsch, L., Rehm, F., Schreyer, W., Shimizu, H. M., Sidhu, S., Sikora, A., Smith, J., Tanihata, I., Thorsteinson, B., Vanbergen, S., van Oers, W. T. H., and Watanabe, Y. X.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We installed a source for ultracold neutrons at a new, dedicated spallation target at TRIUMF. The source was originally developed in Japan and uses a superfluid-helium converter cooled to 0.9$\,$K. During an extensive test campaign in November 2017, we extracted up to 325000 ultracold neutrons after a one-minute irradiation of the target, over three times more than previously achieved with this source. The corresponding ultracold-neutron density in the whole production and guide volume is 5.3$\,$cm$^{-3}$. The storage lifetime of ultracold neutrons in the source was initially 37$\,$s and dropped to 24$\,$s during the eighteen days of operation. During continuous irradiation of the spallation target, we were able to detect a sustained ultracold-neutron rate of up to 1500$\,$s$^{-1}$. Simulations of UCN production, UCN transport, temperature-dependent UCN yield, and temperature-dependent storage lifetime show excellent agreement with the experimental data and confirm that the ultracold-neutron-upscattering rate in superfluid helium is proportional to $T^7$., Comment: 8 pages, 10 figures

Published
2018
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12. Demonstration of sensitivity increase in mercury free-spin-precession magnetometers due to laser-based readout for neutron electric dipole moment searches

Author

Ban, G., Bison, G., Bodek, K., Daum, M., Fertl, M., Franke, B., Grujić, Z. D., Heil, W., Horras, M., Kasprzak, M., Kermaidic, Y., Kirch, K., Koch, H. -C., Komposch, S., Kozel, A., Krempel, J., Lauss, B., Lefort, T., Mtchedlishvili, A., Pignol, G., Piegsa, F. M., Prashanth, P., Quéméner, G., Rawlik, M., Rebreyend, D., Ries, D., Roccia, S., Rozpedzik, D., Schmidt-Wellenburg, P., Severijns, N., Weis, A., Wyszynski, G., Zejma, J., and Zsigmond, G.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

We report on a laser based $^{199}$Hg co-magnetometer deployed in an experiment searching for a permanent electric dipole moment of the neutron. We demonstrate a more than five times increased signal to-noise-ratio in a direct comparison measurement with its $^{204}$Hg discharge bulb-based predecessor. An improved data model for the extraction of important system parameters such as the degrees of absorption and polarization is derived. Laser- and lamp-based data-sets can be consistently described by the improved model which permits to compare measurements using the two different light sources and to explain the increase in magnetometer performance. The laser-based magnetometer satisfies the magnetic field sensitivity requirements for the next generation nEDM experiments.

Published
2018
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13. Trends in mortality in people with HIV from 1999 to 2020: a multi-cohort collaboration

Author

Tusch, E, Ryom, L, Pelchen-Matthews, A, Mocroft, A, Elbirt, D, Oprea, C, Günthard, H, Staehelin, C, Zangerle, R, Suarez, I, Vehreschild, J, Wit, F, Menozzi, M, d'Arminio Monforte, A, Spagnuolo, V, Pradier, C, Carlander, C, Suanzes, P, Wasmuth, J, Carr, A, Petoumenos, K, Borgans, F, Bonnet, F, De Wit, S, El-Sadr, W, Neesgaard, B, Jaschinski, N, Greenberg, L, Hosein, S, Gallant, J, Vannappagari, V, Young, L, Sabin, C, Lundgren, J, Peters, L, Reekie, J, Calvo, G, Dabis, F, Kirk, O, Law, M, Monforte, A, Morfeldt, L, Reiss, P, Weber, R, Lind-Thomsen, A, Brandt, R, Hillebreght, M, Zaheri, S, Scherrer, A, Schöni-Affolter, F, Rickenbach, M, Tavelli, A, Fanti, I, Leleux, O, Mourali, J, Marec, F, Boerg, E, Thulin, E, Sundström, A, Bartsch, G, Thompsen, G, Necsoi, C, Delforge, M, Fontas, E, Caissotti, C, Dollet, K, Mateu, S, Torres, F, Blance, A, Huang, R, Puhr, R, Laut, K, Kristensen, D, Phillips, A, Kamara, D, Smith, C, Hatleberg, C, Raben, D, Matthews, C, Bojesen, A, Grevsen, A, Powderly, B, Shortman, N, Moecklinghoff, C, Reilly, G, Franquet, X, Smit, C, Ross, M, Fux, C, Morlat, P, Friis-Møller, N, Kowalska, J, Bohlius, J, Bower, M, Fätkenheuer, G, Grulich, A, Sjøl, A, Meidahl, P, Iversen, J, Reiss, C, Hillebregt, M, Prins, J, Kuijpers, T, Scherpbier, H, van der Meer, J, Godfried, M, van der Poll, T, Nellen, F, Geerlings, S, van Vugt, M, Pajkrt, D, Bos, J, Wiersinga, W, van der Valk, M, Goorhuis, A, Hovius, J, van Eden, J, Henderiks, A, van Hes, A, Mutschelknauss, M, Nobel, H, Pijnappel, F, Jurriaans, S, Back, N, Zaaijer, H, Berkhout, B, Cornelissen, M, Schinkel, C, Thomas, X, Ziekenhuis, A, van den Berge, M, Stegeman, A, Baas, S, de Looff, L, Versteeg, D, Ziekenhuis, C, Pronk, M, Ammerlaan, H, De Munnik, E, Jansz, A, Tjhie, J, Wegdam, M, Deiman, B, Scharnhorst, V, van der Plas, A, Weijsenfeld, A, van der Ende, M, De Vries-Sluijs, T, van Gorp, E, Schurink, C, Nouwen, J, Verbon, A, Rijnders, B, Bax, H, van der Feltz, M, Bassant, N, van Beek, J, Vriesde, M, van Zonneveld, L, de Oude-Lubbers, A, van den Berg-Cameron, H, Bruinsma-Broekman, F, de Groot, J, de Man, M, Boucher, C, Koopmans, M, van Kampen, J, Pas, S, Mc–sophia, E, Driessen, G, van Rossum, A, van der Knaap, L, Visser, E, Branger, J, Rijkeboer-Mes, A, de Ven, C, Ziekenhuis, H, Schippers, E, van Nieuwkoop, C, van IJperen, J, Geilings, J, van der Hut, G, Franck, P, van Eeden, A, Brokking, W, Groot, M, Elsenburg, L, Damen, M, Kwa, I, Groeneveld, P, Bouwhuis, J, van den Berg, J, van Hulzen, A, van der Bliek, G, Bor, P, Bloembergen, P, Wolfhagen, M, Ruijs, G, Kroon, F, de Boer, M, Bauer, M, Jolink, H, Vollaard, A, Dorama, W, van Holten, N, Claas, E, Wessels, E, den Hollander, J, Pogany, K, Roukens, A, Kastelijns, M, Smit, J, Smit, E, Struik-Kalkman, D, Tearno, C, Bezemer, M, van Niekerk, T, Pontesilli, O, Lowe, S, Lashof, A, Posthouwer, D, Ackens, R, Schippers, J, Vergoossen, R, Weijenberg-Maes, B, van Loo, I, Havenith, T, Leyten, E, Gelinck, L, van Hartingsveld, A, Meerkerk, C, Wildenbeest, G, 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Wildenbeest, G S, Mutsaers, J A E M, Jansen, C L, Mulder, J W, Vrouenraets, S M E, Lauw, F N, van Broekhuizen, M C, Vlasblom, D J, Smits, P H M, Zuiderzee, M C, Bosma, A S, van Vonderen, M G A, van Houte, D P F, Kampschreur, L M, Kootstra, G J, Delsing, C E, Stuart, J W T Cohen, Diederen, B M W, van Truijen-Oud, F A, van der Reijden, W A, van den Berk, G E L, Blok, W L, Frissen, P H J, Lettinga, K D, Schouten, W E M, Brouwer, C J, Geerders, G F, Kleene, M J, van der Meché, I B, Toonen, A J M, Koopmans, P P, van der Ven, A J A M, ter Hofstede, H J M, Dofferhoff, A S M, Bosch, M E W, Grintjes-Huisman, K J T, Zomer, B J, Stelma, F F, Gisolf, E H, Hassing, R J, van Bentum, P H M, Swanink, C M A, van Lelyveld, S F L, van der Prijt, L M M, Herpers, B L, Verhagen, D W M, Ziekenhuis, St Elisabeth, van Kasteren, M E E, Brouwer, A E, de Wiel, B A F M de Kruijf-van, Santegoets, R M W J, Marcelis, J H, Buiting, A G M, Kabel, P J, Bierman, W F W, Wilting, K R, Jonge, H de Groot-de, van der Meulen, P A, de Weerd, D A, Niesters, H G M, van Leer-Buter, C C, Hoepelman, A I M, Ellerbroek, P M, Oosterheert, J J, Arends, J E, Barth, R E, Wassenberg, M W M, Schadd, E M, van Elst-Laurijssen, D H M, van Oers-Hazelzet, E E B, Wensing, A M J, Peters, E J G, van Agtmael, M A, Laan, L M, Pettersson, A M, Vandenbroucke-Grauls, C M J E, Ang, C W, Kinderziekenhuis, Wilhelmina, Geelen, S P M, Wolfs, T F W, Bont, L J, Bezemer, D O, van Sighem, A I, Boender, T S, Rademaker, M J, Pellegrin, J L, Vareil, M O, Dauchy, F A, Receveur, M C, Vandenhende, M A, Viallard, J F, Lafon, Me, Blaizeau, M J, Boerg, Eloïse, Law, Central M, Calvo, Central G, Sambeat, M A, Gennotte, A F, Payen, M C, Neaton, Central J, El-Sadr, W M, Abrams, D I, Crane, L R, Fischer, A H, Larsen, J F, Wien, Pulmologisches Zentrum der Stadt, Mitsura, V M, Møller, N F, Nielsen, L N, Smidt, Jelena, Siseklinik, Nakkusosakond, Viard, J-P, Stellbrink, H J, Goethe, J W, Sthoeger, Z M, Monforte, A D’Arminio, Annunziata, Ospedale S Maria, Blokhina, I N, Novogrod, Nizhny, Gatell, J M, Miró, J M, Rodriguez, J M, Laporte, J M, Johnson, A M, Johnson, M A, Morfeldt, Central L, Perri, G Di, Marchetti, G C, Perno, C F, Caputo, S Lo, Capobianchi, M R, Biagio, A Di, Roldan, E Quiros, Santoro, M M, Caro, A Di, Manconi, P E, Moioli, M C, Ridolfo, A L, Martino, F Di, Cattelan, A M, Ursitti, M A, Sulekova, L Fontanelli, Plazzi, M M, Del Vecchio, R Fontana, Giuli, C Di, Orofino, G C, Roger, P M, Braun, D L, Bucher, H C, Günthard, H F, Hirsch, H H, Kouyos, R D, de Tejada, B Martinez, Metzner, K J, Scherrer, A U, Valk, Marc vd, Han, W Min, Saint-Pierre, C H U, Miro, J M, Wasmuth, J C, Vehreschild, J J, McNicholl, I, Williams, E D, Volny-Anne, R Campo Alain, Dedes, Nikos, Mendão, Luis, Jakobsen, M L, Kumar, L Ramesh, Elsing, T W, and null, null

Abstract

Background: Mortality among people with HIV declined with the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy. We investigated trends over time in all-cause and cause-specific mortality in people with HIV from 1999-2020. Methods: Data were collected from the D:A:D cohort from 1999 through January 2015 and RESPOND from October 2017 through 2020. Age-standardized all-cause and cause-specific mortality rates, classified using Coding Causes of Death in HIV (CoDe), were calculated. Poisson regression models were used to assess mortality trends over time. Results: Among 55716 participants followed for a median of 6 years (IQR 3-11), 5263 participants died (crude mortality rate [MR] 13.7/1000 PYFU; 95%CI 13.4-14.1). Changing patterns of mortality were observed with AIDS as the most common cause of death between 1999- 2009 (n = 952, MR 4.2/1000 PYFU; 95%CI 4.0-4.5) and non-AIDS defining malignancy (NADM) from 2010 -2020 (n = 444, MR 2.8/1000 PYFU; 95%CI 2.5-3.1). In multivariable analysis, all-cause mortality declined over time (adjusted mortality rate ratio [aMRR] 0.97 per year; 95%CI 0.96, 0.98), mostly from 1999 through 2010 (aMRR 0.96 per year; 95%CI 0.95-0.97), and with no decline shown from 2011 through 2020 (aMRR 1·00 per year; 95%CI 0·96-1·05). Mortality due all known causes except NADM also declined over the entire follow-up period. Conclusion: Mortality among people with HIV in the D:A:D and/or RESPOND cohorts decreased between 1999 and 2009 and was stable over the period from 2010 through 2020. The decline in mortality rates was not fully explained by improvements in immunologic-virologic status or other risk factors.

Published
2024

14. Normative modelling of brain morphometry across the lifespan with CentileBrain: algorithm benchmarking and model optimisation

Author

Ge, R., Yu, Y, Qi, Y.X., Fan, Y.N., Chen, S., Gao, Chuntong, Haas, S.S., New, F., Boomsma, D.I., Brodaty, H., Brouwer, R.M., Buckner, R., Caseras, X., Crivello, F., Crone, E.A.M., Erk, S., Fisher, S.E., Franke, B., Glahn, D.C., Dannlowski, U., Grotegerd, D., Gruber, O., Pol, H.E. Hulshoff, Schumann, G., Tamnes, C.K., Walter, H., Wierenga, L.M., Jahanshad, N., Thompson, P.M., Frangou, S., Ge, R., Yu, Y, Qi, Y.X., Fan, Y.N., Chen, S., Gao, Chuntong, Haas, S.S., New, F., Boomsma, D.I., Brodaty, H., Brouwer, R.M., Buckner, R., Caseras, X., Crivello, F., Crone, E.A.M., Erk, S., Fisher, S.E., Franke, B., Glahn, D.C., Dannlowski, U., Grotegerd, D., Gruber, O., Pol, H.E. Hulshoff, Schumann, G., Tamnes, C.K., Walter, H., Wierenga, L.M., Jahanshad, N., Thompson, P.M., and Frangou, S.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 305173.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), The value of normative models in research and clinical practice relies on their robustness and a systematic comparison of different modelling algorithms and parameters; however, this has not been done to date. We aimed to identify the optimal approach for normative modelling of brain morphometric data through systematic empirical benchmarking, by quantifying the accuracy of different algorithms and identifying parameters that optimised model performance. We developed this framework with regional morphometric data from 37 407 healthy individuals (53% female and 47% male; aged 3-90 years) from 87 datasets from Europe, Australia, the USA, South Africa, and east Asia following a comparative evaluation of eight algorithms and multiple covariate combinations pertaining to image acquisition and quality, parcellation software versions, global neuroimaging measures, and longitudinal stability. The multivariate fractional polynomial regression (MFPR) emerged as the preferred algorithm, optimised with non-linear polynomials for age and linear effects of global measures as covariates. The MFPR models showed excellent accuracy across the lifespan and within distinct age-bins and longitudinal stability over a 2-year period. The performance of all MFPR models plateaued at sample sizes exceeding 3000 study participants. This model can inform about the biological and behavioural implications of deviations from typical age-related neuroanatomical changes and support future study designs. The model and scripts described here are freely available through CentileBrain.

Published
2024

15. The proton radius puzzle

Author

Krauth, J. J., Schuhmann, K., Ahmed, M. Abdou, Amaro, F. D., Amaro, P., Biraben, F., Cardoso, J. M. R., Carvalho, M. L., Covita, D. S., Dax, A., Dhawan, S., Diepold, M., Fernandes, L. M. P., Franke, B., Galtier, S., Giesen, A., Gouvea, A. L., Götzfried, J., Graf, T., Guerra, M., Haack, J., Hänsch, T. W., Hildebrandt, M., Indelicato, P., Julien, L., Kirch, K., Knecht, A., Knowles, P., Kottmann, F., Bigot, E. -O. Le, Liu, Y. -W., Lopes, J. A. M., Ludhova, L., Machado, J., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mulhauser, F., Nebel, T., Nez, F., Rabinowitz, P., Rapisarda, E., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Santos, J. P., Schaller, L. A., Schwob, C., Szabo, C. I., Taqqu, D., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Voss, A., Weichelt, B., Willig, M., Pohl, R., and Antognini, A.

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

High-precision measurements of the proton radius from laser spectroscopy of muonic hydrogen demonstrated up to six standard deviations smaller values than obtained from electron-proton scattering and hydrogen spectroscopy. The status of this discrepancy, which is known as the proton radius puzzle will be discussed in this paper, complemented with the new insights obtained from spectroscopy of muonic deuterium., Comment: Moriond 2017 conference, 8 pages, 4 figures

Published
2017

17. Experiments towards resolving the proton charge radius puzzle

Author

Antognini, A., Schuhmann, K., Amaro, F. D., Amaro, P., Abdou-Ahmed, M., Biraben, F., Chen, T. -L., Covita, D. S., Dax, A. J., Diepold, M., Fernandes, L. M. P., Franke, B., Galtier, S., Gouvea, A. L., Götzfried, J., Graf, T., Hänsch, T. W., Hildebrandt, M., Indelicato, P., Julien, L., Kirch, K., Knecht, A., Kottmann, F., Krauth, J. J., Liu, Y. -W., Machado, J., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mulhauser, F., Nez, F., Santos, J. P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Szabo, C. I., Taqqu, D., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Voss, A., Weichelt, B., and Pohl, R.

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

We review the status of the proton charge radius puzzle. Emphasis is given to the various experiments initiated to resolve the conflict between the muonic hydrogen results and the results from scattering and regular hydrogen spectroscopy., Comment: 9 pages, Few Body Systems FB21 conference

Published
2015
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18. Gravitational Depolarization of Ultracold Neutrons: Comparison with Data

Author

Afach, S., Ayres, N. J., Baker, C. A., Ban, G., Bison, G., Bodek, K., Fertl, M., Franke, B., Geltenbort, P., Green, K., Griffith, W. C., van der Grinten, M., Grujic, Z. D., Harris, P. G., Heil, W., Helaine, V., Iaydjiev, P., Ivanov, S. N., Kasprzak, M., Kermaidic, Y., Kirch, K., Koch, H. -C., Komposch, S., Kozela, A., Krempel, J., Lauss, B., Lefort, T., Lemiere, Y., Musgrave, M., Naviliat-Cunic, O., Pendlebury, J. M., Piegsa, F. M., Pignol, G., Plonka-Spehr, C., Prashanth, P. N., Quemener, G., Rawlik, M., Rebreyend, D., Ries, D., Roccia, S., Rozpedzik, D., Schmidt-Wellenburg, P., Severijns, N., Shiers, D., Thorne, J. A., Weis, A., Wursten, E., Zejma, J., Zenner, J., and Zsigmond, G.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We compare the expected effects of so-called gravitationally enhanced depolarization of ultracold neutrons to measurements carried out in a spin-precession chamber exposed to a variety of vertical magnetic-field gradients. In particular, we have investigated the dependence upon these field gradients of spin depolarization rates and also of shifts in the measured neutron Larmor precession frequency. We find excellent qualitative agreement, with gravitationally enhanced depolarization accounting for several previously unexplained features in the data., Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures. Updated: section added about implications for current nEDM limit

Published
2015
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19. Observation of gravitationally induced vertical striation of polarized ultracold neutrons by spin-echo spectroscopy

Author

Afach, S., Ayres, N. J., Ban, G., Bison, G., Bodek, K., Chowdhuri, Z., Daum, M., Fertl, M., Franke, B., Griffith, W. C., Grujić, Z. D., Harris, P. G., Heil, W., Hélaine, V., Kasprzak, M., Kermaidic, Y., Kirch, K., Knowles, P., Koch, H. -C., Komposch, S., Kozela, A., Krempel, J., Lauss, B., Lefort, T., Lemière, Y., Mtchedlishvili, A., Musgrave, M., Naviliat-Cuncic, O., Pendlebury, J. M., Piegsa, F. M., Pignol, G., Plonka-Spehr, C., Prashanth, P. N., Quéméner, G., Rawlik, M., Rebreyend, D., Ries, D., Roccia, S., Rozpedzik, D., Schmidt-Wellenburg, P., Severijns, N., Thorne, J. A., Weis, A., Wursten, E., Wyszynski, G., Zejma, J., Zenner, J., and Zsigmond, G.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We describe a spin-echo method for ultracold neutrons (UCNs) confined in a precession chamber and exposed to a $|B_0|=1~\text{\mu T}$ magnetic field. We have demonstrated that the analysis of UCN spin-echo resonance signals in combination with knowledge of the ambient magnetic field provides an excellent method by which to reconstruct the energy spectrum of a confined ensemble of neutrons. The method takes advantage of the relative dephasing of spins arising from a gravitationally induced striation of stored UCN of different energies, and also permits an improved determination of the vertical magnetic-field gradient with an exceptional accuracy of $1.1~\text{pT/cm}$. This novel combination of a well-known nuclear resonance method and gravitationally induced vertical striation is unique in the realm of nuclear and particle physics and should prove to be invaluable for the assessment of systematic effects in precision experiments such as searches for an electric dipole moment of the neutron or the measurement of the neutron lifetime., Comment: 7 pages 5 figures, accepted by PRL, September, 08 2015

Published
2015
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20. Measurement of a false electric dipole moment signal from $^{199}$Hg atoms exposed to an inhomogeneous magnetic field

Author

Afach, S., Baker, C. A., Ban, G., Bison, G., Bodek, K., Chowdhuri, Z., Daum, M., Fertl, M., Franke, B., Geltenbort, P., Green, K., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Grujic, Z., Harris, P. G., Heil, W., Hélaine, V., Henneck, R., Horras, M., Iaydjiev, P., Ivanov, S. N., Kasprzak, M., Kermaïdic, Y., Kirch, K., Knowles, P., Koch, H. -C., Komposch, S., Kozela, A., Krempel, J., Lauss, B., Lefort, T., Lemière, Y., Mtchedlishvili, A., Naviliat-Cuncic, O., Pendlebury, J. M., Piegsa, F. M., Pignol, G., Prashant, P. N., Quéméner, G., Rebreyend, D., Ries, D., Roccia, S., Schmidt-Wellenburg, P., Severijns, N., Weis, A., Wursten, E., Wyszynski, G., Zejma, J., Zenner, J., and Zsigmond, G.

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We report on the measurement of a Larmor frequency shift proportional to the electric-field strength for $^{199}{\rm Hg}$ atoms contained in a volume permeated with aligned magnetic and electric fields. This shift arises from the interplay between the inevitable magnetic field gradients and the motional magnetic field. The proportionality to electric-field strength makes it apparently similar to an electric dipole moment (EDM) signal, although unlike an EDM this effect is P- and T-conserving. We have used a neutron magnetic resonance EDM spectrometer, featuring a mercury co-magnetometer and an array of external cesium magnetometers, to measure the shift as a function of the applied magnetic field gradient. Our results are in good agreement with theoretical expectations.

Published
2015
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21. A device for simultaneous spin analysis of ultracold neutrons

Author

Afach, S., Ban, G., Bison, G., Bodek, K., Chowdhuri, Z., Daum, M., Fertl, M., Franke, B., Geltenbort, P., Grujić, Z. D., Hayen, L., Hélaine, V., Henneck, R., Kasprzak, M., Kermaidic, Y., Kirch, K., Komposch, S., Kozela, A., Krempel, J., Lauss, B., Lefort, T., Lemière, Y., Mtchedlishvili, A., Naviliat-Cuncic, O., Piegsa, F. M., Pignol, G., Prashanth, P. N., Quéméner, G., Rawlik, M., Ries, D., Rebreyend, D., Roccia, S., Rozpedzik, D., Schmidt-Wellenburg, P., Severijns, N., Weis, A., Wursten, E., Wyszynski, G., Zejma, J., and Zsigmond, G.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We report on the design and first tests of a device allowing for measurement of ultracold neutrons polarisation by means of the simultaneous analysis of the two spin components. The device was developed in the framework of the neutron electric dipole moment experiment at the Paul Scherrer Institute. Individual parts and the entire newly built system have been characterised with ultracold neutrons. The gain in statistical sensitivity obtained with the simultaneous spin analyser is $(18.2\pm6.1)\%$ relative to the former sequential analyser under nominal running conditions.

Published
2015

22. Constraining interactions mediated by axion-like particles with ultracold neutrons

Author

Afach, S., Ban, G., Bison, G., Bodek, K., Burghoff, M., Daum, M., Fertl, M., Franke, B., Grujić, Z. D., Hélaine, V., Kasprzak, M., Kermaïdic, Y., Kirch, K., Knowles, P., Koch, H. -C., Komposch, S., Kozela, A., Krempel, J., Lauss, B., Lefort, T., Lemière, Y., Mtchedlishvili, A., Naviliat-Cuncic, O., Piegsa, F. M., Pignol, G., Prashanth, P. N., Quéméner, G., Rebreyend, D., Ries, D., Roccia, S., Schmidt-Wellenburg, P., Schnabel, A., Severijns, N., Voigt, J., Weis, A., Zejma, G. Wyszynski J., Zenner, J., and Zsigmond, G.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We report a new limit on a possible short range spin-dependent interaction from the precise measurement of the ratio of Larmor precession frequencies of stored ultracold neutrons and $^{199}$Hg atoms confined in the same volume. The measurement was performed in a $\sim$1$\mu$ T vertical magnetic holding field with the apparatus searching for a permanent electric dipole moment of the neutron at the Paul Scherrer Institute. A possible coupling between freely precessing polarized neutron spins and unpolarized nucleons of the wall material can be investigated by searching for a tiny change of the precession frequencies of neutron and mercury spins. Such a frequency change can be interpreted as a consequence of a short range spin-dependent interaction that could possibly be mediated by axions or axion-like particles. The interaction strength is proportional to the CP violating product of scalar and pseudoscalar coupling constants $g_Sg_P$. Our result confirms limits from complementary experiments with spin-polarized nuclei in a model-independent way. Limits from other neutron experiments are improved by up to two orders of magnitude in the interaction range of $10^{-6}<\lambda<10^{-4}$ m.

Published
2014
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23. A measurement of the neutron to 199Hg magnetic moment ratio

Author

Afach, S., Baker, C. A., Ban, G., Bison, G., Bodek, K., Burghoff, M., Chowdhuri, Z., Daum, M., Fertl, M., Franke, B., Geltenbort, P., Green, K., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Grujic, Z., Harris, P. G., Heil, W., Hélaine, V., Henneck, R., Horras, M., Iaydjiev, P., Ivanov, S. N., Kasprzak, M., Kermaïdic, Y., Kirch, K., Knecht, A., Koch, H. -C., Krempel, J., Kuźniak, M., Lauss, B., Lefort, T., Lemière, Y., Mtchedlishvili, A., Naviliat-Cuncic, O., Pendlebury, J. M., Perkowski, M., Pierre, E., Piegsa, F. M., Pignol, G., Prashanth, P. N., Quéméner, G., Rebreyend, D., Ries, D., Roccia, S., Schmidt-Wellenburg, P., Schnabel, A., Severijns, N., Shiers, D., Smith, K. F., Voigt, J., Weis, A., Wyszynski, G., Zejma, J., Zenner, J., and Zsigmond, G.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Atomic Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The neutron gyromagnetic ratio has been measured relative to that of the 199Hg atom with an uncertainty of 0.8 ppm. We employed an apparatus where ultracold neutrons and mercury atoms are stored in the same volume and report the result $\gamma_{\rm n}/\gamma_{\rm Hg} = 3.8424574(30)$.

Published
2014
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24. Understanding community structure for large networks

Author

Franke, B. and Wolfe, P. J.

Subjects
519.5
Abstract

The general theme of this thesis is to improve our understanding of community structure for large networks. A scientific challenge across fields (e.g., neuroscience, genetics, and social science) is to understand what drives the interactions between nodes in a network. One of the fundamental concepts in this context is community structure: the tendency of nodes to connect based on similar characteristics. Network models where a single parameter per node governs the propensity of connection are popular in practice. They frequently arise as null models that indicate a lack of community structure, since they cannot readily describe networks whose aggregate links behave in a block-like manner. We generalize such a model called the degree-based model to a flexible, nonparametric class of network models, covering weighted, multi-edge, and power-law networks, and provide limit theorems that describe their asymptotic properties. We establish a theoretical foundation for modularity: a well-known measure for the strength of community structure and derive its asymptotic properties under the assumption of a lack of community structure (formalized by the class of degree-based models described above). This enables us to assess how informative covariates are for the network interactions. Modularity is intuitive and practically effective but until now has lacked a sound theoretical basis. We derive modularity from first principles, and give it a formal statistical interpretation. Moreover, by acknowledging that different community assignments may explain different aspects of a network's observed structure, we extend the applicability of modularity beyond its typical use to find a single "best" community assignment. We develop from our theoretical results a methodology to quantify network community structure. After validating it using several benchmark examples, we investigate a multi-edge network of corporate email interactions. Here, we demonstrate that our method can identify those covariates that are informative and therefore improves our understanding of the network.

Published
2016

27. Psychiatric gene discoveries shape evidence on ADHD’s biology

Author

Thapar, A, Martin, J, Mick, E, Arias Vásquez, A, Langley, K, Scherer, SW, Schachar, R, Crosbie, J, Williams, N, Franke, B, Elia, J, Glessner, J, Hakonarson, H, Owen, MJ, Faraone, SV, O'Donovan, MC, and Holmans, P

Subjects
Biological Psychology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Psychology, Pediatric, Neurosciences, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Autism, Biotechnology, Genetics, Schizophrenia, Brain Disorders, Mental Health, Human Genome, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD), 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Mental health, Good Health and Well Being, Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Autistic Disorder, Biological Psychiatry, Canada, Child, Child, Preschool, DNA Copy Number Variations, Databases, Nucleic Acid, Europe, Female, Genetic Association Studies, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Ireland, Male, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, United Kingdom, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Psychiatry, Clinical sciences, Biological psychology, Clinical and health psychology
Abstract

A strong motivation for undertaking psychiatric gene discovery studies is to provide novel insights into unknown biology. Although attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is highly heritable, and large, rare copy number variants (CNVs) contribute to risk, little is known about its pathogenesis and it remains commonly misunderstood. We assembled and pooled five ADHD and control CNV data sets from the United Kingdom, Ireland, United States of America, Northern Europe and Canada. Our aim was to test for enrichment of neurodevelopmental gene sets, implicated by recent exome-sequencing studies of (a) schizophrenia and (b) autism as a means of testing the hypothesis that common pathogenic mechanisms underlie ADHD and these other neurodevelopmental disorders. We also undertook hypothesis-free testing of all biological pathways. We observed significant enrichment of individual genes previously found to harbour schizophrenia de novo non-synonymous single-nucleotide variants (SNVs; P=5.4 × 10(-4)) and targets of the Fragile X mental retardation protein (P=0.0018). No enrichment was observed for activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (P=0.23) or N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (P=0.74) post-synaptic signalling gene sets previously implicated in schizophrenia. Enrichment of ADHD CNV hits for genes impacted by autism de novo SNVs (P=0.019 for non-synonymous SNV genes) did not survive Bonferroni correction. Hypothesis-free testing yielded several highly significantly enriched biological pathways, including ion channel pathways. Enrichment findings were robust to multiple testing corrections and to sensitivity analyses that excluded the most significant sample. The findings reveal that CNVs in ADHD converge on biologically meaningful gene clusters, including ones now established as conferring risk of other neurodevelopmental disorders.

Published
2016

28. Dynamic stabilization of the magnetic field surrounding the neutron electric dipole moment spectrometer at the Paul Scherrer Institute

Author

Afach, S., Bison, G., Bodek, K., Burri, F., Chowdhuri, Z., Daum, M., Fertl, M., Franke, B., Grujic, Z., Helaine, V., Henneck, R., Kasprzak, M., Kirch, K., Koch, H. -C., Kozela, A., Krempel, J., Lauss, B., Lefort, T., Lemiere, Y., Meier, M., Naviliat-Cuncic, O., Piegsa, F. M., Pignol, G., Plonka-Spehr, C., Prashanth, P. N., Quemener, G., Rebreyend, D., Roccia, S., Schmidt-Wellenburg, P., Schnabel, A., Severijns, N., Voigt, J., Weis, A., Wyszynski, G., Zejma, J., Zenner, J., and Zsigmond, G.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

The Surrounding Field Compensation (SFC) system described in this work is installed around the four-layer Mu-metal magnetic shield of the neutron electric dipole moment spectrometer located at the Paul Scherrer Institute. The SFC system reduces the DC component of the external magnetic field by a factor of about 20. Within a control volume of approximately 2.5m x 2.5m x 3m disturbances of the magnetic field are attenuated by factors of 5 to 50 at a bandwidth from $10^{-3}$ Hz up to 0.5 Hz, which corresponds to integration times longer than several hundreds of seconds and represent the important timescale for the nEDM measurement. These shielding factors apply to random environmental noise from arbitrary sources. This is achieved via a proportional-integral feedback stabilization system that includes a regularized pseudoinverse matrix of proportionality factors which correlates magnetic field changes at all sensor positions to current changes in the SFC coils., Comment: 33 pages, 18 figures

Published
2014
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29. Validation of ablation model for polyethylene using pulsed x-ray and proton exposures.

Author

Moore, N. W., Sanchez, J. J., Schaeuble, M.-A., Hinshelwood, D., Harvey-Thompson, A., Myers, C. E., Jones, B., and Franke, B. C.

Subjects
POLYETHYLENE, LASER pulses, THERMAL equilibrium, X-rays, ONE-dimensional flow, MODEL validation
Abstract

The surface erosion of polyethylene is interrogated using pulsed x rays at the Z Machine (Sandia National Laboratories) and with proton beams at the Gamble II generator (Naval Research Laboratory) to validate a coupled model for volumetric thermal ablation, photoionization, finite-rate decomposition, and molecular recombination of radicals. The intense radiation pulses (up to ∼ 10 14 W / m 2 over tens of nanoseconds) are used to generate one-dimensional vapor flows with low ionization fractions and a simplified geometry compared to typical laser ablation, allowing for evaluation of the model under local thermal equilibrium conditions. Areal momentum carried by the ensuing uniaxial hydrodynamic shock is used to indicate the extent of ablation. The threshold fluence for ablation is found to be in close correspondence with the bulk melt transition, and reasonable agreement with the model is obtained for peak temperatures in polyethylene up to 5500 K and heating rates up to 10 11 K / s where thermal decomposition reactions are also active. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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30. An Improved Search for the Neutron Electric Dipole Moment

Author

Burghoff, M., Schnabel, A., Ban, G., Lefort, T., Lemiere, Y., Naviliat-Cuncic, O., Pierre, E., Quemener, G., Zejma, J., Kasprzak, M., Knowles, P., Weis, A., Pignol, G., Rebreyend, D., Afach, S., Bison, G., Becker, J., Severijns, N., Roccia, S., Plonka-Spehr, C., Zennerz, J., Heil, W., Koch, H. C., Kraft, A., Lauer, T., Sobolev, Yu., Chowdhuri, Z., Krempel, J., Lauss, B., Mtchedlishvili, A., Schmidt-Wellenburg, P., Zsigmond, G., Fertl, M., Franke, B., Horras, M., Kirch, K., and Piegsa, F.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

A permanent electric dipole moment of fundamental spin-1/2 particles violates both parity (P) and time re- versal (T) symmetry, and hence, also charge-parity (CP) symmetry since there is no sign of CPT-violation. The search for a neutron electric dipole moment (nEDM) probes CP violation within and beyond the Stan- dard Model. The experiment, set up at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), an improved, upgraded version of the apparatus which provided the current best experimental limit, dn < 2.9E-26 ecm (90% C.L.), by the RAL/Sussex/ILL collaboration: Baker et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 131801 (2006). In the next two years we aim to improve the sensitivity of the apparatus to sigma(dn) = 2.6E-27 ecm corresponding to an upper limit of dn < 5E-27 ecm (95% C.L.), in case for a null result. In parallel the collaboration works on the design of a new apparatus to further increase the sensitivity to sigma(dn) = 2.6E-28 ecm., Comment: APS Division for particles and fields, Conference Proceedings, Two figures

Published
2011

31. Testing isotropy of the universe using the Ramsey resonance technique on ultracold neutron spins

Author

Altarev, I., Ban, G., Bison, G., Bodek, K., Daum, M., Fertl, M., Fierlinger, P., Franke, B., Gutsmiedl, E., Heil, W., Henneck, R., Horras, M., Khomutov, N., Kirch, K., Kistryn, S., Kraft, A., Knecht, A., Knowles, P., Kozela, A., Lauer, T., Lauss, B., Lefort, T., Lemière, Y., Mtchedlishvili, A., Naviliat-Cuncic, O., Pazgalev, A., Petzoldt, G., Piegsa, F. M., Pierre, E., Pignol, G., Quéméner, G., Rebetez, M., Rebreyend, D., Roccia, S., Schmidt-Wellenburg, P., Severijns, N., Sobolev, Yu., Weis, A., Zejma, J., Zenner, J., and Zsigmond, G.

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Physics at the Planck scale could be revealed by looking for tiny violations of fundamental symmetries in low energy experiments. In 2008, a sensitive test of the isotropy of the Universe using has been performed with stored ultracold neutrons (UCN), this is the first clock-comparison experiment performed with free neutrons. During several days we monitored the Larmor frequency of neutron spins in a weak magnetic field using the Ramsey resonance technique. An non-zero cosmic axial field, violating rotational symmetry, would induce a daily variation of the precession frequency. Our null result constitutes one of the most stringent tests of Lorentz invariance to date., Comment: proceedings of the PNCMI2010 conference

Published
2010
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32. New constraints on Lorentz invariance violation from the neutron electric dipole moment

Author

Altarev, I., Baker, C. A., Ban, G., Bodek, K., Daum, M., Fertl, M., Franke, B., Fierlinger, P., Geltenbort, P., Green, K., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Harris, P. G., Henneck, R., Horras, M., Iaydjiev, P., Ivanov, S. N., Khomutov, N., Kirch, K., Kistryn, S., Knecht, A., Kozela, A., Kuchler, F., Lauss, B., Lefort, T., Lemière, Y., Mtchedlishvili, A., Naviliat-Cuncic, O., Pendlebury, J. M., Petzoldt, G., Pierre, E., Piegsa, F. M., Pignol, G., Quéméner, G., Rebreyend, D., Roccia, S., Schmidt-Wellenburg, P., Severijns, N., Shiers, D., Smith, K. F., Sobolev, Yu., Zejma, J., Zenner, J., and Zsigmond, G.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We propose an original test of Lorentz invariance in the interaction between a particle spin and an electromagnetic field and report on a first measurement using ultracold neutrons. We used a high sensitivity neutron electric dipole moment (nEDM) spectrometer and searched for a direction dependence of a nEDM signal leading to a modulation of its magnitude at periods of 12 and 24 hours. We constrain such a modulation to $d_{12} < 15 \times 10^{-25} \ e\,{\rm cm}$ and $d_{24} < 10 \times 10^{-25} \ e\,{\rm cm}$ at 95~\% C.L. The result translates into a limit on the energy scale for this type of Lorentz violation effect at the level of ${\cal E}_{LV} > 10^{10}$~GeV., Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett

Published
2010
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33. A superfluid helium converter for accumulation and extraction of ultracold neutrons

Author

Zimmer, O., Baumann, K., Fertl, M., Franke, B., Mironov, S., Plonka, C., Rich, D., Schmidt-Wellenburg, P., Wirth, H. -F., and Brandt, B. van den

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We report the first successful extraction of accumulated ultracold neutrons (UCN) from a converter of superfluid helium, in which they were produced by downscattering neutrons of a cold beam from the Munich research reactor. Windowless UCN extraction is performed in vertical direction through a mechanical cold valve. This prototype of a versatile UCN source is comprised of a novel cryostat designed to keep the source portable and to allow for rapid cooldown. We measured time constants for UCN storage and extraction into a detector at room temperature, with the converter held at various temperatures between 0.7 and 1.3 K. The UCN production rate inferred from the count rate of extracted UCN is close to the theoretical expectation.

Published
2007
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34. A Potential Role for the STXBP5-AS1 Gene in Adult ADHD Symptoms

Author

Arias-Vásquez, A., Groffen, A. J., Spijker, S., Ouwens, K. G., Klein, M., Vojinovic, D., Galesloot, T. E., Bralten, J., Hottenga, J. J., van der Most, P. J., Kattenberg, V. M., Pool, R., Nolte, I. M., Penninx, B. W. J. H., Fedko, I. O., Dolan, C. V., Nivard, M. G., den Braber, A., van Duijn, C. M., Hoekstra, P. J., Buitelaar, J. K., Kiemeney, L. A., Hoogman, M., Middeldorp, C. M., Draisma, H. H. M., Vermeulen, S. H., Sánchez-Mora, C., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., Ribasés, M., The EAGLE-ADHD Consortium, Hartman, C. A., Kooij, J. J. S., Amin, N., Smit, A. B., Franke, B., and Boomsma, D. I.

Published
2019
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36. Genome-wide analyses of ADHD identify 27 risk loci, refine the genetic architecture and implicate several cognitive domains.

Author

Demontis, D., Walters, G.B., Athanasiadis, G., Walters, R., Therrien, K., Nielsen, T.T., Farajzadeh, L., Voloudakis, G., Bendl, J., Zeng, B., Zhang, W, Grove, J, Als, T.D., Duan, J., Satterstrom, F.K., Bybjerg-Grauholm, J., Bækved-Hansen, M., Gudmundsson, O.O., Magnusson, S.H., Baldursson, G., Davidsdottir, K., Haraldsdottir, G.S., Agerbo, E., Hoffman, G.E., Dalsgaard, S., Martin, J., Ribasés, M., Boomsma, D.I., Soler Artigas, M., Roth Mota, N., Howrigan, D., Medland, S.E., Zayats, T., Rajagopal, V.M., Nordentoft, M., Mors, O., Hougaard, D.M., Mortensen, P.B., Daly, M.J., Faraone, S.V, Stefansson, H., Roussos, P., Franke, B., Werge, T., Neale, B.M., Stefansson, K., Børglum, A.D., Demontis, D., Walters, G.B., Athanasiadis, G., Walters, R., Therrien, K., Nielsen, T.T., Farajzadeh, L., Voloudakis, G., Bendl, J., Zeng, B., Zhang, W, Grove, J, Als, T.D., Duan, J., Satterstrom, F.K., Bybjerg-Grauholm, J., Bækved-Hansen, M., Gudmundsson, O.O., Magnusson, S.H., Baldursson, G., Davidsdottir, K., Haraldsdottir, G.S., Agerbo, E., Hoffman, G.E., Dalsgaard, S., Martin, J., Ribasés, M., Boomsma, D.I., Soler Artigas, M., Roth Mota, N., Howrigan, D., Medland, S.E., Zayats, T., Rajagopal, V.M., Nordentoft, M., Mors, O., Hougaard, D.M., Mortensen, P.B., Daly, M.J., Faraone, S.V, Stefansson, H., Roussos, P., Franke, B., Werge, T., Neale, B.M., Stefansson, K., and Børglum, A.D.

Abstract

01 februari 2023, Item does not contain fulltext, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder with a major genetic component. Here, we present a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of ADHD comprising 38,691 individuals with ADHD and 186,843 controls. We identified 27 genome-wide significant loci, highlighting 76 potential risk genes enriched among genes expressed particularly in early brain development. Overall, ADHD genetic risk was associated with several brain-specific neuronal subtypes and midbrain dopaminergic neurons. In exome-sequencing data from 17,896 individuals, we identified an increased load of rare protein-truncating variants in ADHD for a set of risk genes enriched with probable causal common variants, potentially implicating SORCS3 in ADHD by both common and rare variants. Bivariate Gaussian mixture modeling estimated that 84-98% of ADHD-influencing variants are shared with other psychiatric disorders. In addition, common-variant ADHD risk was associated with impaired complex cognition such as verbal reasoning and a range of executive functions, including attention.

Published
2023

37. Annual Research Review: Perspectives on progress in ADHD science - from characterization to cause.

Author

Sonuga-Barke, E.J., Becker, S.P., Bölte, S., Castellanos, F.X., Franke, B., Newcorn, J.H., Nigg, J.T., Rohde, L.A., Simonoff, E., Sonuga-Barke, E.J., Becker, S.P., Bölte, S., Castellanos, F.X., Franke, B., Newcorn, J.H., Nigg, J.T., Rohde, L.A., and Simonoff, E.

Abstract

01 april 2023, Item does not contain fulltext, The science of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is motivated by a translational goal - the discovery and exploitation of knowledge about the nature of ADHD to the benefit of those individuals whose lives it affects. Over the past fifty years, scientific research has made enormous strides in characterizing the ADHD condition and in understanding its correlates and causes. However, the translation of these scientific insights into clinical benefits has been limited. In this review, we provide a selective and focused survey of the scientific field of ADHD, providing our personal perspectives on what constitutes the scientific consensus, important new leads to be highlighted, and the key outstanding questions to be addressed going forward. We cover two broad domains - clinical characterization and, risk factors, causal processes and neuro-biological pathways. Part one focuses on the developmental course of ADHD, co-occurring characteristics and conditions, and the functional impact of living with ADHD - including impairment, quality of life, and stigma. In part two, we explore genetic and environmental influences and putative mediating brain processes. In the final section, we reflect on the future of the ADHD construct in the light of cross-cutting scientific themes and recent conceptual reformulations that cast ADHD traits as part of a broader spectrum of neurodivergence.

Published
2023

38. Epigenome-wide DNA methylation in externalizing behaviours: A review and combined analysis.

Author

Meijer, M., Franke, B., Sandi, C., Klein, M., Meijer, M., Franke, B., Sandi, C., and Klein, M.

Abstract

01 februari 2023, Item does not contain fulltext, DNA methylation (DNAm) is one of the most frequently studied epigenetic mechanisms facilitating the interplay of genomic and environmental factors, which can contribute to externalizing behaviours and related psychiatric disorders. Previous epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) for externalizing behaviours have been limited in sample size, and, therefore, candidate genes and biomarkers with robust evidence are still lacking. We 1) performed a systematic literature review of EWAS of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)- and aggression-related behaviours conducted in peripheral tissue and cord blood and 2) combined the most strongly associated DNAm sites observed in individual studies (p < 10(-3)) to identify candidate genes and biological systems for ADHD and aggressive behaviours. We observed enrichment for neuronal processes and neuronal cell marker genes for ADHD. Astrocyte and granulocytes cell markers among genes annotated to DNAm sites were relevant for both ADHD and aggression-related behaviours. Only 1 % of the most significant epigenetic findings for ADHD/ADHD symptoms were likely to be directly explained by genetic factors involved in ADHD. Finally, we discuss how the field would greatly benefit from larger sample sizes and harmonization of assessment instruments.

Published
2023

40. Genomic patterns linked to gray matter alterations underlying working memory deficits in adults and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Author

Duan, Kuaikuai, Chen, Jiayu, Calhoun, Vince D. D., Jiang, Wenhao, Rootes-Murdy, K., Schoenmacker, Gido, Franke, B., Buitelaar, J.K., Hoogman, M., Sprooten, E., Arias Vasquez, A., Turner, Jessica A. A., Liu, Jingyu, Duan, Kuaikuai, Chen, Jiayu, Calhoun, Vince D. D., Jiang, Wenhao, Rootes-Murdy, K., Schoenmacker, Gido, Franke, B., Buitelaar, J.K., Hoogman, M., Sprooten, E., Arias Vasquez, A., Turner, Jessica A. A., and Liu, Jingyu

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext

Published
2023

42. Editorial: It is time to modernize the concept of ADHD!

Author

Franke, B. and Franke, B.

Abstract

01 juni 2023, Item does not contain fulltext, People with ADHD in our society struggle, and they often report that they experience a lack of full acceptance in society. The realization that the current situation is suboptimal for individuals with ADHD and for society as a whole leads to a call of researchers, clinicians, and people with lived experience and their families for a modernized concept of ADHD. This new concept should take the discourse on ADHD to the next level: from a limited, symptom- and impairment-driven paradigm to a dynamic model that acknowledges ADHD's heterogeneity and integrates weaknesses and strengths, focused on individual trajectories in functioning and self-management.

Published
2023

43. Large-scale analysis of structural brain asymmetries in schizophrenia via the ENIGMA consortium.

Author

Schijven, Dick, Postema, M.C., Fukunaga, M., Matsumoto, J., Miura, K., Zwarte, S.M.C. de, Haren, N.E.M. van, Cahn, W., Hulshoff Pol, H.E., Kahn, R.S., Ayesa-Arriola, R., Ortoz-García de la Foz, V., Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D., Vázquez-Bourgon, J., Crespo-Facorro, B., Alnæs, D., Dahl, A., Westlye, L.T., Agartz, I., Andreassen, O.A., Jönsson, E.G., Kochunov, P., Bruggemann, J.M., Catts, S.V., Michie, P.T., Mowry, B.J., Quidé, Y., Rasser, P.E., Schall, U., Scott, R.J., Carr, V.J., Green, M.J., Henskens, F.A., Loughland, C.M., Pantelis, C., Weickert, C.S., Weickert, T.W., Haan, L. de, Brosch, K., Pfarr, J.K., Ringwald, K.G., Stein, F., Jansen, Andreas, Kircher, T.T.J., Nenadić, I., Krämer, Bernd, Gruber, O., Satterthwaite, T.D., Bustillo, J., Mathalon, D.H., Preda, A., Calhoun, V.D., Ford, J.M., Potkin, S.G., Chen, Jingxu, Tan, Yunlong, Wang, Zhiren, Xiang, Hong, Fan, Fengmei, Bernardoni, F., Ehrlich, S., Fuentes-Claramonte, P., Garcia-Leon, M.A., Guerrero-Pedraza, A., Salvador, R., Sarró, S., Pomarol-Clotet, E., Ciullo, V., Piras, F., Vecchio, D., Banaj, N., Spalletta, G., Michielse, S., Amelsvoort, T. van, Dickie, E.W., Voineskos, A.N., Sim, K., Ciufolini, S., Dazzan, P., Murray, R.M., Kim, W.S., Chung, Y.C., Andreou, C., Schmidt, A, Borgwardt, S., McIntosh, A.M., Whalley, H.C., Lawrie, S.M., Plessis, S. du, Luckhoff, H.K., Scheffler, F., Emsley, R., Grotegerd, D., Lencer, R., Dannlowski, U., Edmond, J.T., Rootes-Murdy, K., Stephen, J.M., Mayer, A.R., Antonucci, L.A., Fazio, L., Pergola, G., Bertolino, A., Díaz-Caneja, C.M., Janssen, J, Lois, N.G., Arango, C., Tomyshev, A.S., Lebedeva, I., Cervenka, S., Sellgren, C.M., Georgiadis, F., Kirschner, M., Kaiser, S., Hajek, T., Skoch, A., Spaniel, F., Kim, M., Kwak, Y.B., Oh, S., Kwon, J.S., James, A., Bakker, G., Knöchel, C., Stäblein, M., Oertel, V., Uhlmann, A., Howells, F.M., Stein, D.J., Temmingh, H.S., Diaz-Zuluaga, A.M., Pineda-Zapata, J.A., López-Jaramillo, C., Homan, S., Ji, E., Surbeck, W., Homan, P., Fisher, S.E., Franke, B., Glahn, D.C., Gur, R.C., Hashimoto, R., Jahanshad, N., Luders, E., Medland, S.E., Thompson, P.M., Turner, J.A., Erp, T.G. van, Francks, C., Schijven, Dick, Postema, M.C., Fukunaga, M., Matsumoto, J., Miura, K., Zwarte, S.M.C. de, Haren, N.E.M. van, Cahn, W., Hulshoff Pol, H.E., Kahn, R.S., Ayesa-Arriola, R., Ortoz-García de la Foz, V., Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D., Vázquez-Bourgon, J., Crespo-Facorro, B., Alnæs, D., Dahl, A., Westlye, L.T., Agartz, I., Andreassen, O.A., Jönsson, E.G., Kochunov, P., Bruggemann, J.M., Catts, S.V., Michie, P.T., Mowry, B.J., Quidé, Y., Rasser, P.E., Schall, U., Scott, R.J., Carr, V.J., Green, M.J., Henskens, F.A., Loughland, C.M., Pantelis, C., Weickert, C.S., Weickert, T.W., Haan, L. de, Brosch, K., Pfarr, J.K., Ringwald, K.G., Stein, F., Jansen, Andreas, Kircher, T.T.J., Nenadić, I., Krämer, Bernd, Gruber, O., Satterthwaite, T.D., Bustillo, J., Mathalon, D.H., Preda, A., Calhoun, V.D., Ford, J.M., Potkin, S.G., Chen, Jingxu, Tan, Yunlong, Wang, Zhiren, Xiang, Hong, Fan, Fengmei, Bernardoni, F., Ehrlich, S., Fuentes-Claramonte, P., Garcia-Leon, M.A., Guerrero-Pedraza, A., Salvador, R., Sarró, S., Pomarol-Clotet, E., Ciullo, V., Piras, F., Vecchio, D., Banaj, N., Spalletta, G., Michielse, S., Amelsvoort, T. van, Dickie, E.W., Voineskos, A.N., Sim, K., Ciufolini, S., Dazzan, P., Murray, R.M., Kim, W.S., Chung, Y.C., Andreou, C., Schmidt, A, Borgwardt, S., McIntosh, A.M., Whalley, H.C., Lawrie, S.M., Plessis, S. du, Luckhoff, H.K., Scheffler, F., Emsley, R., Grotegerd, D., Lencer, R., Dannlowski, U., Edmond, J.T., Rootes-Murdy, K., Stephen, J.M., Mayer, A.R., Antonucci, L.A., Fazio, L., Pergola, G., Bertolino, A., Díaz-Caneja, C.M., Janssen, J, Lois, N.G., Arango, C., Tomyshev, A.S., Lebedeva, I., Cervenka, S., Sellgren, C.M., Georgiadis, F., Kirschner, M., Kaiser, S., Hajek, T., Skoch, A., Spaniel, F., Kim, M., Kwak, Y.B., Oh, S., Kwon, J.S., James, A., Bakker, G., Knöchel, C., Stäblein, M., Oertel, V., Uhlmann, A., Howells, F.M., Stein, D.J., Temmingh, H.S., Diaz-Zuluaga, A.M., Pineda-Zapata, J.A., López-Jaramillo, C., Homan, S., Ji, E., Surbeck, W., Homan, P., Fisher, S.E., Franke, B., Glahn, D.C., Gur, R.C., Hashimoto, R., Jahanshad, N., Luders, E., Medland, S.E., Thompson, P.M., Turner, J.A., Erp, T.G. van, and Francks, C.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, Left-right asymmetry is an important organizing feature of the healthy brain that may be altered in schizophrenia, but most studies have used relatively small samples and heterogeneous approaches, resulting in equivocal findings. We carried out the largest case-control study of structural brain asymmetries in schizophrenia, with MRI data from 5,080 affected individuals and 6,015 controls across 46 datasets, using a single image analysis protocol. Asymmetry indexes were calculated for global and regional cortical thickness, surface area, and subcortical volume measures. Differences of asymmetry were calculated between affected individuals and controls per dataset, and effect sizes were meta-analyzed across datasets. Small average case-control differences were observed for thickness asymmetries of the rostral anterior cingulate and the middle temporal gyrus, both driven by thinner left-hemispheric cortices in schizophrenia. Analyses of these asymmetries with respect to the use of antipsychotic medication and other clinical variables did not show any significant associations. Assessment of age- and sex-specific effects revealed a stronger average leftward asymmetry of pallidum volume between older cases and controls. Case-control differences in a multivariate context were assessed in a subset of the data (N = 2,029), which revealed that 7% of the variance across all structural asymmetries was explained by case-control status. Subtle case-control differences of brain macrostructural asymmetry may reflect differences at the molecular, cytoarchitectonic, or circuit levels that have functional relevance for the disorder. Reduced left middle temporal cortical thickness is consistent with altered left-hemisphere language network organization in schizophrenia.

Published
2023

44. Large-scale analysis of structural brain asymmetries in schizophrenia via the ENIGMA consortium.

Author

Schijven, D, Postema, MC, Fukunaga, M, Matsumoto, J, Miura, K, de Zwarte, SMC, van Haren, NEM, Cahn, W, Hulshoff Pol, HE, Kahn, RS, Ayesa-Arriola, R, Ortiz-García de la Foz, V, Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D, Vázquez-Bourgon, J, Crespo-Facorro, B, Alnæs, D, Dahl, A, Westlye, LT, Agartz, I, Andreassen, OA, Jönsson, EG, Kochunov, P, Bruggemann, JM, Catts, SV, Michie, PT, Mowry, BJ, Quidé, Y, Rasser, PE, Schall, U, Scott, RJ, Carr, VJ, Green, MJ, Henskens, FA, Loughland, CM, Pantelis, C, Weickert, CS, Weickert, TW, de Haan, L, Brosch, K, Pfarr, J-K, Ringwald, KG, Stein, F, Jansen, A, Kircher, TTJ, Nenadić, I, Krämer, B, Gruber, O, Satterthwaite, TD, Bustillo, J, Mathalon, DH, Preda, A, Calhoun, VD, Ford, JM, Potkin, SG, Chen, J, Tan, Y, Wang, Z, Xiang, H, Fan, F, Bernardoni, F, Ehrlich, S, Fuentes-Claramonte, P, Garcia-Leon, MA, Guerrero-Pedraza, A, Salvador, R, Sarró, S, Pomarol-Clotet, E, Ciullo, V, Piras, F, Vecchio, D, Banaj, N, Spalletta, G, Michielse, S, van Amelsvoort, T, Dickie, EW, Voineskos, AN, Sim, K, Ciufolini, S, Dazzan, P, Murray, RM, Kim, W-S, Chung, Y-C, Andreou, C, Schmidt, A, Borgwardt, S, McIntosh, AM, Whalley, HC, Lawrie, SM, du Plessis, S, Luckhoff, HK, Scheffler, F, Emsley, R, Grotegerd, D, Lencer, R, Dannlowski, U, Edmond, JT, Rootes-Murdy, K, Stephen, JM, Mayer, AR, Antonucci, LA, Fazio, L, Pergola, G, Bertolino, A, Díaz-Caneja, CM, Janssen, J, Lois, NG, Arango, C, Tomyshev, AS, Lebedeva, I, Cervenka, S, Sellgren, CM, Georgiadis, F, Kirschner, M, Kaiser, S, Hajek, T, Skoch, A, Spaniel, F, Kim, M, Kwak, YB, Oh, S, Kwon, JS, James, A, Bakker, G, Knöchel, C, Stäblein, M, Oertel, V, Uhlmann, A, Howells, FM, Stein, DJ, Temmingh, HS, Diaz-Zuluaga, AM, Pineda-Zapata, JA, López-Jaramillo, C, Homan, S, Ji, E, Surbeck, W, Homan, P, Fisher, SE, Franke, B, Glahn, DC, Gur, RC, Hashimoto, R, Jahanshad, N, Luders, E, Medland, SE, Thompson, PM, Turner, JA, van Erp, TGM, Francks, C, Schijven, D, Postema, MC, Fukunaga, M, Matsumoto, J, Miura, K, de Zwarte, SMC, van Haren, NEM, Cahn, W, Hulshoff Pol, HE, Kahn, RS, Ayesa-Arriola, R, Ortiz-García de la Foz, V, Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D, Vázquez-Bourgon, J, Crespo-Facorro, B, Alnæs, D, Dahl, A, Westlye, LT, Agartz, I, Andreassen, OA, Jönsson, EG, Kochunov, P, Bruggemann, JM, Catts, SV, Michie, PT, Mowry, BJ, Quidé, Y, Rasser, PE, Schall, U, Scott, RJ, Carr, VJ, Green, MJ, Henskens, FA, Loughland, CM, Pantelis, C, Weickert, CS, Weickert, TW, de Haan, L, Brosch, K, Pfarr, J-K, Ringwald, KG, Stein, F, Jansen, A, Kircher, TTJ, Nenadić, I, Krämer, B, Gruber, O, Satterthwaite, TD, Bustillo, J, Mathalon, DH, Preda, A, Calhoun, VD, Ford, JM, Potkin, SG, Chen, J, Tan, Y, Wang, Z, Xiang, H, Fan, F, Bernardoni, F, Ehrlich, S, Fuentes-Claramonte, P, Garcia-Leon, MA, Guerrero-Pedraza, A, Salvador, R, Sarró, S, Pomarol-Clotet, E, Ciullo, V, Piras, F, Vecchio, D, Banaj, N, Spalletta, G, Michielse, S, van Amelsvoort, T, Dickie, EW, Voineskos, AN, Sim, K, Ciufolini, S, Dazzan, P, Murray, RM, Kim, W-S, Chung, Y-C, Andreou, C, Schmidt, A, Borgwardt, S, McIntosh, AM, Whalley, HC, Lawrie, SM, du Plessis, S, Luckhoff, HK, Scheffler, F, Emsley, R, Grotegerd, D, Lencer, R, Dannlowski, U, Edmond, JT, Rootes-Murdy, K, Stephen, JM, Mayer, AR, Antonucci, LA, Fazio, L, Pergola, G, Bertolino, A, Díaz-Caneja, CM, Janssen, J, Lois, NG, Arango, C, Tomyshev, AS, Lebedeva, I, Cervenka, S, Sellgren, CM, Georgiadis, F, Kirschner, M, Kaiser, S, Hajek, T, Skoch, A, Spaniel, F, Kim, M, Kwak, YB, Oh, S, Kwon, JS, James, A, Bakker, G, Knöchel, C, Stäblein, M, Oertel, V, Uhlmann, A, Howells, FM, Stein, DJ, Temmingh, HS, Diaz-Zuluaga, AM, Pineda-Zapata, JA, López-Jaramillo, C, Homan, S, Ji, E, Surbeck, W, Homan, P, Fisher, SE, Franke, B, Glahn, DC, Gur, RC, Hashimoto, R, Jahanshad, N, Luders, E, Medland, SE, Thompson, PM, Turner, JA, van Erp, TGM, and Francks, C

Abstract

Left-right asymmetry is an important organizing feature of the healthy brain that may be altered in schizophrenia, but most studies have used relatively small samples and heterogeneous approaches, resulting in equivocal findings. We carried out the largest case-control study of structural brain asymmetries in schizophrenia, with MRI data from 5,080 affected individuals and 6,015 controls across 46 datasets, using a single image analysis protocol. Asymmetry indexes were calculated for global and regional cortical thickness, surface area, and subcortical volume measures. Differences of asymmetry were calculated between affected individuals and controls per dataset, and effect sizes were meta-analyzed across datasets. Small average case-control differences were observed for thickness asymmetries of the rostral anterior cingulate and the middle temporal gyrus, both driven by thinner left-hemispheric cortices in schizophrenia. Analyses of these asymmetries with respect to the use of antipsychotic medication and other clinical variables did not show any significant associations. Assessment of age- and sex-specific effects revealed a stronger average leftward asymmetry of pallidum volume between older cases and controls. Case-control differences in a multivariate context were assessed in a subset of the data (N = 2,029), which revealed that 7% of the variance across all structural asymmetries was explained by case-control status. Subtle case-control differences of brain macrostructural asymmetry may reflect differences at the molecular, cytoarchitectonic, or circuit levels that have functional relevance for the disorder. Reduced left middle temporal cortical thickness is consistent with altered left-hemisphere language network organization in schizophrenia.

Published
2023

45. Regional, circuit and network heterogeneity of brain abnormalities in psychiatric disorders.

Author

Segal, A., Parkes, L., Aquino, K., Kia, S.M., Wolfers, T., Franke, B., Hoogman, M., Beckmann, C.F., Westlye, L.T., Andreassen, O.A., Zalesky, A., Harrison, B.J., Davey, C.G., Soriano-Mas, C., Cardoner, N., Tiego, J., Yücel, M., Braganza, L., Suo, C., Berk, M., Cotton, S., Bellgrove, M.A., Marquand, A.F., Fornito, A., Segal, A., Parkes, L., Aquino, K., Kia, S.M., Wolfers, T., Franke, B., Hoogman, M., Beckmann, C.F., Westlye, L.T., Andreassen, O.A., Zalesky, A., Harrison, B.J., Davey, C.G., Soriano-Mas, C., Cardoner, N., Tiego, J., Yücel, M., Braganza, L., Suo, C., Berk, M., Cotton, S., Bellgrove, M.A., Marquand, A.F., and Fornito, A.

Abstract

01 september 2023, Contains fulltext : 296133.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), The substantial individual heterogeneity that characterizes people with mental illness is often ignored by classical case-control research, which relies on group mean comparisons. Here we present a comprehensive, multiscale characterization of the heterogeneity of gray matter volume (GMV) differences in 1,294 cases diagnosed with one of six conditions (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder and schizophrenia) and 1,465 matched controls. Normative models indicated that person-specific deviations from population expectations for regional GMV were highly heterogeneous, affecting the same area in <7% of people with the same diagnosis. However, these deviations were embedded within common functional circuits and networks in up to 56% of cases. The salience-ventral attention system was implicated transdiagnostically, with other systems selectively involved in depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Phenotypic differences between cases assigned the same diagnosis may thus arise from the heterogeneous localization of specific regional deviations, whereas phenotypic similarities may be attributable to the dysfunction of common functional circuits and networks.

Published
2023

46. Age-related brain deviations and aggression.

Author

Holz, N.E., Floris, D.L., Llera, A., Aggensteiner, P.M., Kia, S.M., Wolfers, T., Baumeister, S., Böttinger, B., Glennon, J.C., Hoekstra, P.J., Dietrich, A., Saam, M.C., Schulze, U.M.E., Lythgoe, D.J., Williams, S.C.R., Santosh, P., Rosa-Justicia, M., Bargallo, N., Castro-Fornieles, J., Arango, C., Penzol, M.J., Walitza, S., Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Zwiers, M.P., Franke, B., Buitelaar, J.K., Naaijen, J., Brandeis, D., Beckmann, C.F., Banaschewski, T., Marquand, A.F., Holz, N.E., Floris, D.L., Llera, A., Aggensteiner, P.M., Kia, S.M., Wolfers, T., Baumeister, S., Böttinger, B., Glennon, J.C., Hoekstra, P.J., Dietrich, A., Saam, M.C., Schulze, U.M.E., Lythgoe, D.J., Williams, S.C.R., Santosh, P., Rosa-Justicia, M., Bargallo, N., Castro-Fornieles, J., Arango, C., Penzol, M.J., Walitza, S., Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Zwiers, M.P., Franke, B., Buitelaar, J.K., Naaijen, J., Brandeis, D., Beckmann, C.F., Banaschewski, T., and Marquand, A.F.

Abstract

01 juli 2023, Contains fulltext : 296661.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), BACKGROUND: Disruptive behavior disorders (DBD) are heterogeneous at the clinical and the biological level. Therefore, the aims were to dissect the heterogeneous neurodevelopmental deviations of the affective brain circuitry and provide an integration of these differences across modalities. METHODS: We combined two novel approaches. First, normative modeling to map deviations from the typical age-related pattern at the level of the individual of (i) activity during emotion matching and (ii) of anatomical images derived from DBD cases (n = 77) and controls (n = 52) aged 8-18 years from the EU-funded Aggressotype and MATRICS consortia. Second, linked independent component analysis to integrate subject-specific deviations from both modalities. RESULTS: While cases exhibited on average a higher activity than would be expected for their age during face processing in regions such as the amygdala when compared to controls these positive deviations were widespread at the individual level. A multimodal integration of all functional and anatomical deviations explained 23% of the variance in the clinical DBD phenotype. Most notably, the top marker, encompassing the default mode network (DMN) and subcortical regions such as the amygdala and the striatum, was related to aggression across the whole sample. CONCLUSIONS: Overall increased age-related deviations in the amygdala in DBD suggest a maturational delay, which has to be further validated in future studies. Further, the integration of individual deviation patterns from multiple imaging modalities allowed to dissect some of the heterogeneity of DBD and identified the DMN, the striatum and the amygdala as neural signatures that were associated with aggression.

Published
2023

47. Maternal gestational weight gain and offspring's neurodevelopmental outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author

Wu, D., Li, Yicheng, Chen, Lingyan, Klein, M., Franke, B., Chen, Jinjin, Buitelaar, J.K., Wu, D., Li, Yicheng, Chen, Lingyan, Klein, M., Franke, B., Chen, Jinjin, and Buitelaar, J.K.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, Abnormal gestational weight gain (GWG) has been increasing globally, up to 47% of all pregnancies. Multiple studies have focused on the association between GWG and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in the offspring, however with inconsistent results. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate associations between excessive or insufficient GWG and offspring's neurodevelopmental outcomes. Meta-analysis of these 23 studies using a random-effects model revealed associations between excessive GWG and neurodevelopmental disorders (ASD & ID & ADHD together: OR=1.12 [95% CI 1.06-1.19]), ASD (OR=1.18 [95% CI 1.08-1.29]), ADHD (OR=1.08 [95% CI 1.02-1.14]), ASD with ID (OR=1.15 [95% CI 1.01-1.32]), and ASD without ID (OR=1.12 [95% CI 1.06-1.19]). Insufficient GWG was associated with higher risk for ID (OR=1.14 [95% CI 1.03-1.26]). These results emphasize the significant impact, though of small effect size, of GWG across multiple neurodevelopmental disorders. It is important to note that these results do not establish causality. Other factors such as genetic factors, gene-environment interactions may confound the relationship between GWG and neurodevelopmental outcomes. To better understand the role of GWG in neurodevelopmental disorders, future studies should consider using genetically sensitive designs that can account for these potential confounders.

Published
2023

48. Emotion recognition profiles in clusters of youth based on levels of callous-unemotional traits and reactive and proactive aggression.

Author

Kleine Deters, R., Naaijen, J., Holz, N.E., Banaschewski, T., Schulze, U.M.E., Sethi, A., Craig, M.C., Sagar-Ouriaghli, I., Santosh, P., Rosa, M., Castro-Fornieles, J., Penzol, M.J., Arango, C., Brandeis, D., Franke, B., Glennon, J.C., Buitelaar, J.K., Hoekstra, P.J., Dietrich, A., Kleine Deters, R., Naaijen, J., Holz, N.E., Banaschewski, T., Schulze, U.M.E., Sethi, A., Craig, M.C., Sagar-Ouriaghli, I., Santosh, P., Rosa, M., Castro-Fornieles, J., Penzol, M.J., Arango, C., Brandeis, D., Franke, B., Glennon, J.C., Buitelaar, J.K., Hoekstra, P.J., and Dietrich, A.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 299957.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), Youth with disruptive behavior showing high callous-unemotional (CU) traits and proactive aggression are often assumed to exhibit distinct impairments in emotion recognition from those showing mainly reactive aggression. Yet, reactive and proactive aggression and CU traits may co-occur to varying degrees across individuals. We aimed to investigate emotion recognition in more homogeneous clusters based on these three dimensions. In a sample of 243 youth (149 with disruptive behavior problems and 94 controls) aged 8-18 years, we used model-based clustering on self-report measures of CU traits and reactive and proactive aggression and compared the resulting clusters on emotion recognition (accuracy and response bias) and working memory. In addition to a Low and Low-Moderate symptom cluster, we identified two high CU clusters. The CU-Reactive cluster showed high reactive and low-to-medium proactive aggression; the CU-Mixed cluster showed high reactive and proactive aggression. Both CU clusters showed impaired fear recognition and working memory, whereas the CU-Reactive cluster also showed impaired recognition of disgust and sadness, partly explained by poor working memory, as well as a response bias for anger and happiness. Our results confirm the importance of CU traits as a core dimension along which youth with disruptive behavior may be characterized, yet challenge the view that high CU traits are closely linked to high proactive aggression per se. Notably, distinct neurocognitive processes may play a role in youth with high CU traits and reactive aggression with lower versus higher proactive aggression., 01 december 2023

Published
2023

49. A human in vitro neuronal model for studying homeostatic plasticity at the network level.

Author

Yuan, X., Puvogel Lütjens, S., Rhijn, J. van, Ciptasari, U.H., Esteve-Codina, A., Meijer, M., Rouschop, S., Hugte, E.J.H. van, Oudakker, A.R., Schoenmaker, C., Frega, M., Schubert, D., Franke, B., Nadif Kasri, N., Yuan, X., Puvogel Lütjens, S., Rhijn, J. van, Ciptasari, U.H., Esteve-Codina, A., Meijer, M., Rouschop, S., Hugte, E.J.H. van, Oudakker, A.R., Schoenmaker, C., Frega, M., Schubert, D., Franke, B., and Nadif Kasri, N.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 299609.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), Mechanisms that underlie homeostatic plasticity have been extensively investigated at single-cell levels in animal models, but are less well understood at the network level. Here, we used microelectrode arrays to characterize neuronal networks following induction of homeostatic plasticity in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived glutamatergic neurons co-cultured with rat astrocytes. Chronic suppression of neuronal activity through tetrodotoxin (TTX) elicited a time-dependent network re-arrangement. Increased expression of AMPA receptors and the elongation of axon initial segments were associated with increased network excitability following TTX treatment. Transcriptomic profiling of TTX-treated neurons revealed up-regulated genes related to extracellular matrix organization, while down-regulated genes related to cell communication; also astrocytic gene expression was found altered. Overall, our study shows that hiPSC-derived neuronal networks provide a reliable in vitro platform to measure and characterize homeostatic plasticity at network and single-cell levels; this platform can be extended to investigate altered homeostatic plasticity in brain disorders.

Published
2023

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