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The architecture, engineering, construction, and operation (AECO) industry strives for a more integrated approach in the entire project life cycle. This new methodology of doing must include technology, process, and people. The urgency of change comes from the low productivity level in the AECO sector which impacts in different factors such as: time, cost, scope, and quality. The appointing party is one of the actors or stakeholders within the supply chain of the AECO industry. Also, it is the originator of the goals, objectives, purposes, and requirements that the project must fulfill to be considered successful. Then, a conscious appointing party about the necessity of innovation and a digital transformation can take the lead by implementing BIM. Nevertheless, it is not an easy path not only for the different dimensions to consider as it was mentioned technology, process and people, but also for the enormous guides, templates, books, papers existing that can create confusion in an appointing party for starting its BIM journey. This dissertation takes the perspective of an appointing party that intends to create a flow process aligned not only with ISO 19650 series but also with interoperability criteria coming from OpenBIM, and on top of that by adding some Lean Construction tools. Then, the first approach discussed in this document is the necessary steps that an appointing party needs to follow ISO 19650 series. The tangible result of this is the generation of thirteen different templates with alongside a technical guide that intends to pave the path of the appointing party in its BIM journey. The second step was the incorporation in the document of practical’s about interoperability through OpenBIM concepts such as IFC, MVD, BCF and IDS. As a third step it was included five tools from the Lean Construction community that pretend to boost the synergy between Lean and BIM. The validation process consisted of a series of semi-structured interviews and surveys to a panel of experts from the industry. This process helped to refine the proposed templates and technical guide aligned to ISO 19650 series, OpenBIM and Lean Construction tools. Some changes were included according to the answers and comments of the experts. The findings helped to improve and to consider the perspective of the industry that the expert panel brought to this research. It was found that necessity to improve the knowledge of practitioners about OpenBIM and Lean construction in the most practical aspects of the tools of each domain. Also, it was highlighted the convenience of having two complementary types of documents: templates and technical guide for helping appointing parties in its BIM implementation. Moreover, there was found doubts about the practicality and suitability of the level of information framework over other approach as LOD.

SARS-CoV-2 is a worldwide health concern, and new treatment strategies are needed 1. Targeting inflammatory innate immunity pathways holds therapeutic promise, but effective molecular targets remain elusive. Here, we show that human caspase-4 (CASP4), and its mouse homologue, caspase-11 (CASP11), are upregulated in SARS-CoV-2 infections, and that CASP4 expression correlates with severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans. SARS-CoV-2-infected Casp11-/- mice were protected from severe weight loss and lung pathology, including blood vessel damage, compared to wild-type (WT) and gasdermin-D knock out (Gsdmd-/-) mice. GSDMD is a downstream effector of CASP11 and CASP1. Notably, viral titers were similar in the three genotypes. Global transcriptomics of SARS-CoV-2-infected WT, Casp11-/- and Gsdmd-/- lungs identified restrained expression of inflammatory molecules and altered neutrophil gene signatures in Casp11-/- mice. We confirmed that protein levels of inflammatory mediators IL-1β, IL6, and CXCL1, and neutrophil functions, were reduced in Casp11-/- lungs. Additionally, Casp11-/- lungs accumulated less von Willebrand factor, a marker for endothelial damage, but expressed more Kruppel-Like Factor 2, a transcription factor that maintains vascular integrity. Overall, our results demonstrate that CASP4/11, promotes detrimental SARS-CoV-2-associated inflammation and coagulopathy, largely independently of GSDMD, identifying CASP4/11 as a promising drug target for treatment and prevention of severe COVID-19.

The recent growth in U.S. natural gas reserves has led to interest in exporting liquefied natural gas (LNG) to countries in Asia, Europe and Latin America. Here, we estimate the life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and life cycle freshwater consumption associated with exporting Marcellus shale gas as LNG for power generation in different import markets. The well-to-wire analysis relies on operations data for gas production, processing, transmission, and regasification, while also accounting for the latest measurements of fugitive CH4 emissions from U.S. natural gas activities. To estimate GHG emissions from a typical U.S. liquefaction facility, we use a bottom-up process model that can evaluate the impact of gas composition, technology choices for gas treatment and on-site power generation on overall facility GHG emissions. For LNG exports to Mumbai, India for power generation in a combined cycle power plant with 50% efficiency, the base case life cycle GHG emissions, freshwater consumption, and CH4 emissions as fraction of gross gas production are estimated to be 473 kg CO2eq/MWh (80% confidence interval: 452–503 kg CO2eq/MWh), 243 gal/MWh (80% CI: 200–300 gal/MWh) and 1.2% (80% CI: 0.81–1.79%), respectively. Among all destinations considered, typical life cycle GHG emissions range from 459 kg CO2eq/MWh to 473 kg CO2eq/MWh, with GHG emissions from liquefaction, shipping and regasification contributing 7–10% of life cycle GHG emissions.

FT Constructores SAC se dedica a la venta de departamentos en la ciudad de Lima para el sector socioeconómico B, las viviendas son construidas con las normas peruanas vigentes, y de acuerdo con las necesidades de los clientes. El mercado es cada vez más exigente, por ende, la empresa debe innovar para consolidarse y alcanzar el éxito, con los estándares más altos de calidad y desarrollar sus productos conservando el medio ambiente. El plan estratégico desarrollado, evaluó la situación actual del sector inmobiliario y el entorno interno de la empresa para definir las fortalezas y oportunidades, como los precios competitivos, respaldo financiero, prestigio de la marca, bajas tasa de interés y subsidios del gobierno; dentro de las debilidades y amenazas la carencia de un sistema de gestión integrado (SGI), falta de un área de recursos humanos, incremento del precio de terrenos, crecimiento lento del PBI e ingreso de inmobiliarias extranjeras. La visión integral del entorno propició plantear cinco objetivos a largo plazo: (a) al año 2025, obtener al 100% las certificaciones del SGI, (b) incrementar la rentabilidad de 7.58 a 12%, (c) participar en el mercado del sector A de 0 a 10%, (d) incrementar las ventas de S/ 55.24 a S/ 97 millones y (e) invertir el 1% de la utilidades en automatización y calidad, en consecuencia se ha retenido siete estrategias intensivas: (a) importar directamente materiales y equipos, (b) desarrollar los proyectos con el Bono Mivivienda Verde, (c) implementar nuevas tecnologías, (d) tener un SGI, (e) desarrollar convenios con los proveedores, (f) ingresar al segmento A y (g) desarrollo de nuevos productos. Por último, FT Constructores tiene ventajas competitivas como el marketing, la calidad y la flexibilidad al cambio, que le permite sostenerse en un mercado tan dinámico; las estrategias, objetivos y políticas determinadas son coherentes a los intereses de la empresa, proporcionando mayor rentabilidad y valor agregado, que deben implementarse para afrontar los nuevos retos del sector inmobiliario del Perú. FT Constructores SAC is dedicated to the sale of apartments in socioeconomic sector B in the city of Lima, the products are built with current Peruvian standards, and according to the needs of customers. The market is increasingly demanding; therefore, the company must innovate to consolidate and achieve success, with the highest quality standards and develop its products while preserving the environment. The developed strategic plan evaluated the current situation of the real estate sector and the internal environment of the company to define strengths and opportunities, such as competitive prices, financial support, brand prestige, low interest rates and government subsidies; Within the weaknesses and threats, lack of an integrated management system (IMS), lack of an area of human resources, increase in land prices, slow GDP growth and income of foreign real estate. The comprehensive vision of the environment led to setting five long-term objectives: (a) by 2025, obtain 100% IMS certifications, (b) increase profitability from 7.58 to 12%, (c) participate in the sector market A from 0 to 10%, (d) increase sales from S / 55.24 to S / 96.67 million and (e) invest 1% of profits in automation and quality, consequently seven intensive strategies have been retained: (a) directly import materials and equipment, (b) develop the projects with the Green Mivivienda Bond, (c) implement new technologies, (d) have an Integrated Management System, (e) develop agreements with suppliers, (f) enter segment A and (g) development new products. Lastly, FT Constructores has competitive advantages pertaining to marketing, quality and flexibility to change, which enable it to sustain itself in such a competitive market; the strategies, objectives and determined policies are coherent to the interests of the company, providing greater profitability and added value, which must be implemented to face the new challenges of the real estate market in Peru. Tesis

Angiolipomas da coluna vertebral constituem neoplasias raras (40 casos descritos na literatura). Em sua maioria, estes tumores são epidurals, apresentam características benignas, contendo elementos vasculares e elementos adiposos maduros. A sintomatologia é inespecífica, mas a tomografia computadorizada e principalmente a ressonância eletromagnética permitem fazer o diagnóstico com precisão, como exemplifica o caso relatado. Angiolipomas of the spine are rare (40 cases in the literature). When they are intraspinal, these masses are epidural in more than 90% of the cases. Angiolipomas are benign tumors containing vascular and mature adipose elements. The clinical symptomatology is non specific, but computed tomography and mostly MRI provide a precise diagnosis. With one additional case and a review of the literature, we define the main characteristics of these tumors.

Various disease symptoms in plants are caused by infection with microorganisms. Among the most well-characterized, on a molecular basis, is hyperplasia. Plant tumors incited by bacterial pathogens include crown gall (Agrobacterium tumefaciens), olive knot (Pseudomonas savastanoi), bacterial witches’ broom (Corynebacterium fascians), bacterial gall of Japanese wisteria (Erwinia milletiae), and others (Nester et al., 1981; Nester et al., 1984; Kemper et al., 1985; Kosuge et al., 1983; Kado, 1984; Okajima et al., 1974). It has been shown that these hyperplastic tissues arise because of hormone imbalances, mainly in indoleacetic acid (IAA) and cytokinin. These imbalances arise in the host plant after bacterial infection.Dedicated to the memory of Dr. Tsune Kosuge (who died on 13 March 1988).