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Purpose: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of MUTYH mutations in patients with multiple colonic polyps and to explore the best strategy for diagnosing MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP) in these patients.Experimental Design: This study included 405 patients with at least 10 colonic polyps each. All cases were genetically tested for the three most frequent MUTYH mutations. Whole-gene analysis was performed in heterozygous patients and in 216 patients lacking the three most frequent mutations. Polyps from 56 patients were analyzed for the KRAS-Gly12Cys and BRAF V600E somatic mutations.Results: Twenty-seven (6.7%) patients were diagnosed with MAP, of which 40.8% showed serrated polyps. The sensitivity of studying only the three common variants was 74.1%. Of 216 patients without any monoallelic mutation in common variants, whole-gene analysis revealed biallelic pathogenic mutation in only one. G396D mutation was associated with serrated lesions and older age at diagnosis. There was a strong association between germinal MUTYH mutation and KRAS Gly12Cys somatic mutation in polyps. BRAF V600E mutation was found in 74% of serrated polyps in MUTYH-negative patients and in none of the polyps of MAP patients.Conclusions: We observed a low frequency of MUTYH mutations among patients with multiple adenomatous and serrated polyps. The MAP phenotype frequently included patients with serrated polyps, especially when G396D mutation was involved. Our results show that somatic molecular markers of polyps can be useful in identifying MAP cases and support the need for the complete MUTYH gene analysis only in patients heterozygous for recurrent variants. Clin Cancer Res; 20(5); 1158–68. ©2014 AACR.

CCR Translation for This Article from Prevalence and Characteristics of MUTYH-Associated Polyposis in Patients with Multiple Adenomatous and Serrated Polyps

Esta investigación orienta su objetivo a evaluar las posibles consecuencias de la Ley de sostenibilidad fiscal como principio constitucional. En su estrategia metodológica quedó definido como un estudio de enfoque cualitativo descriptivo documental a través del análisis de contenido y análisis crítico reflexivo. En sus resultados se logra evidenciar el detrimento a derechos fundamentales, económicos y sociales; advirtiendo al mismo tiempo, futuros conflictos de interés que pudieran suscitarse por la conquista del estado prestacional. Finalmente, a manera de conclusión, se constata que la sostenibilidad y progresividad de los derechos sociales y constitucionales resultan ser antagónicos, dado que el catálogo de derechos fundamentales y su desprotección en el ejercicio de los gobernantes es permanente y hace que los ciudadanos se volcán a defenderlos por las vías expeditas.

El núcleo poblacional de Almorchón, ubicado en el extremo oriental de la provincia de Badajoz, muy próximo a los límites con las comunidades autónomas de Castilla-La Mancha y Andalucía, debe su razón de ser al ferrocarril. La confluencia de dos líneas ferroviarias en las proximidades del Castillo de Almorchón, la que discurría desde Madrid a Badajoz por Ciudad Real y la que tenía su origen junto a la base del promontorio del mencionado castillo, en dirección a las minas de carbón de Belmez, hicieron posible que desde finales de la década de 1860 comenzara a conformarse un núcleo poblacional de nueva creación, destinado a los empleados del ferrocarril. El presente artículo pretende profundizar acerca de los orígenes históricos y la evolución de este núcleo de población hasta nuestros días y resaltar la pervivencia de sus señas de identidad ferroviaria en la actualidad.

BACKGROUND The results obtained to date concerning food groups, diet quality and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk vary according to criteria used and the study populations. AIM To study the relationships between food groups, diet quality and CRC risk, in an adult population of the Basque Country (North of Spain). METHODS This observational study included 308 patients diagnosed with CRC and 308 ageand sex-matched subjects as controls. During recruitment, dietary, anthropometric, lifestyle, socioeconomic, demographic and health status information was collected. Adherence to the dietary recommendations was evaluated utilizing the Healthy Eating Index for the Spanish Diet and the MedDietScore. Conditional logistic regressions were used to evaluate the associations of food group intakes, diet quality scores, categorized in tertiles, with CRC risk. RESULTS The adjusted models for potential confounding factors showed a direct association between milk and dairy products consumption, in particular high-fat cheeses [odds ratio (OR) third tertile vs first tertile = 1.87, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.11-3.16], and CRC risk. While the consumption of fiber-containing foods, especially whole grains (OR third tertile vs first tertile = 0.62, 95%CI: 0.39-0.98), and fatty fish (OR third tertile vs first tertile = 0.53, 95%CI: 0.27-0.99) was associated with a lower risk for CRC. Moreover, higher MD adherence was associated with a reduced CRC risk in adjusted models (OR third tertile vs first tertile = 0.40, 95%CI: 0.20-0.80). CONCLUSION Direct associations were found for high-fat cheese, whereas an inverse relation was reported for fiber-containing foods and fatty fish, as well as adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern. Supported by the Department of Health and Consumer Affairs, Basque Government, No. 2011111153; Saiotek, Basque Government, No. S-PE12UN058; Pre-doctoral grant from the Basque Government, No. PRE_2015_2_0084; and United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, No. 58-1950-4-003.

INTRODUCTION Deep learning techniques have significantly contributed to the field of medical imaging analysis. In case of colorectal cancer, they have shown a great utility for increasing the adenoma detection rate at colonoscopy, but a common validation methodology is still missing. In this study, we present preliminary efforts towards the definition of a validation framework. MATERIAL AND METHODS Different models based on different backbones and encoder-decoder architectures have been trained with a publicly available dataset that contains white light and NBI colonoscopy videos, with 76 different lesions from colonoscopy procedures in 48 human patients. A computer aided detection (CADe) demonstrator has been implemented to show the performance of the models. RESULTS This CADe demonstrator shows the areas detected as polyp by overlapping the predicted mask on the endoscopic image. It allows selecting the video to be used, among those from the test set. Although it only present basic features such as play, pause and moving to the next video, it easily loads the model and allows for visualization of results. The demonstrator is accompanied by a set of metrics to be used depending on the aimed task: polyp detection, localization and segmentation. CONCLUSIONS The use of this CADe demonstrator, together with a publicly available dataset and predefined metrics will allow for an easier and more fair comparison of methods. Further work is still required to validate the proposed framework.

En este artículo se presentan los resultados de una investigación realizada desde el año 2017, que surge ante la preocupación de los maestros por los retos y desafíos de la práctica pedagógica en el área de Ciencias Sociales. La búsqueda de respuestas pedagógicas y didácticas, permitieron determinar las correlaciones que existen entre los estilos de enseñanza y aprendizaje de los maestros y los estilos de aprendizaje y desempeño académico en el área de Ciencias Sociales de estudiantes de básica secundaria y media académica de una institución educativa pública de la ciudad de Sincelejo, mediante la utilización de los cuestionarios CEE, CHAEA y CHAEA Junior. Los resultados dan cuenta de que los maestros del área de Ciencias Sociales, no tienen estilos de aprendizaje puros, también orientan el área con características muy variadas haciendo uso de los distintos estilos de enseñanza y no necesariamente enseñan como ellos aprenden. Por su parte, los estudiantes educación básica no presentan estilos puros, predominan el estilo Teórico – Reflexivo Pragmático. En la media académica, los estudiantes aprenden con los cuatro estilos propuestos por Alonso, Gallego y Honey (1994). Entre estilos de enseñanza y estilos de aprendizaje de los maestros, se encontró una correlación alta significativa entre el estilo de enseñanza abierto y el estilo de aprendizaje reflexivo y los estilos de enseñanza de los maestros de Ciencias Sociales no se emparejan adecuadamente con los estilos de aprendizaje de los estudiantes. De igual forma, el estilo de aprendizaje del estudiante está relacionado directamente con su desempeño académico.

This paper shows the results obtained by a research conducted since the year 2017 that emerged from the teachers’ interests in goals and challenges that come from the teaching practice in the Social Studies subject. The constant quest of pedagogical answers and teaching didactic, allowed determining the established relation between the teaching and learning styles of the teachers with the learning styles and class development in the social studies field in secondary and middle school students from a public school in Sincelejo, Sucre. Questionnaires CEE, CHAEA and CHAEA junior were used as data collection instruments. On the one hand the obtained results report that the Social Studies’ teachers that do not have a defined learning style tend to teach the subject with different teaching methodologies related with different learning styles and not necessarily using solely their own personal learning strategies. On the other hand, even though students from secondary school did not show an established learning style, they did show a tendency in the theoretical- Reflexive pragmatic style. In middle school it showed that students learn using the four learning styles proposed by Alonso, Gallego, and Honey (1994). The only relation found between teaching style and learning style of teachers is there is a connection between the open teaching style and the reflexive learning style. Also, it was found that the teaching style of Social Studies teachers do not meet the learning styles of their students. And finally it was established that the students’ learning style is directly related to their academic development and performance.

Colorectal cancer is one of the world leading death causes. Fortunately, an early diagnosis allows for effective treatment, increasing the survival rate. Deep learning techniques have shown their utility for increasing the adenoma detection rate at colonoscopy, but a dataset is usually required so the model can automatically learn features that characterize the polyps. In this work, we present the PICCOLO dataset, that comprises 3433 manually annotated images (2131 white-light images 1302 narrow-band images), originated from 76 lesions from 40 patients, which are distributed into training (2203), validation (897) and test (333) sets assuring patient independence between sets. Furthermore, clinical metadata are also provided for each lesion. Four different models, obtained by combining two backbones and two encoder&ndash, decoder architectures, are trained with the PICCOLO dataset and other two publicly available datasets for comparison. Results are provided for the test set of each dataset. Models trained with the PICCOLO dataset have a better generalization capacity, as they perform more uniformly along test sets of all datasets, rather than obtaining the best results for its own test set. This dataset is available at the website of the Basque Biobank, so it is expected that it will contribute to the further development of deep learning methods for polyp detection, localisation and classification, which would eventually result in a better and earlier diagnosis of colorectal cancer, hence improving patient outcomes.

Aims:\ud The safety and efficacy of the novel selective cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil, in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is tested in the Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure (GALACTIC‐HF) trial. Here we describe the baseline characteristics of participants in GALACTIC‐HF and how these compare with other contemporary trials.\ud \ud Methods and Results:\ud Adults with established HFrEF, New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA) ≥ II, EF ≤35%, elevated natriuretic peptides and either current hospitalization for HF or history of hospitalization/ emergency department visit for HF within a year were randomized to either placebo or omecamtiv mecarbil (pharmacokinetic‐guided dosing: 25, 37.5 or 50 mg bid). 8256 patients [male (79%), non‐white (22%), mean age 65 years] were enrolled with a mean EF 27%, ischemic etiology in 54%, NYHA II 53% and III/IV 47%, and median NT‐proBNP 1971 pg/mL. HF therapies at baseline were among the most effectively employed in contemporary HF trials. GALACTIC‐HF randomized patients representative of recent HF registries and trials with substantial numbers of patients also having characteristics understudied in previous trials including more from North America (n = 1386), enrolled as inpatients (n = 2084), systolic blood pressure

Epidemiologic studies have revealed inconsistent evidence of gene-diet interaction in relation to colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to analyze them in a sample of cases and controls from the population-based bowel cancer screening program of the Osakidetza/Basque Health Service. This study analyzed dietetic, genetic, demographic, socioeconomic factors and lifestyles. In the present manuscript, the survey design, sampling, instruments, measurements and related quality management were presented. Moreover, we analyze differences between cases and controls in some data, especially those related to diet. The participants were 308 cases and 308 age- and sex-matched subjects as controls. Cases were more likely than controls to have overweight/obesity (67.5% vs. 58.1%, p &lt, 0.05), a lower intake of vitamin B2 (0.86 &plusmn, 0.23 vs. 0.92 &plusmn, 0.23 mg/1000 kcal, p &lt, 0.01) and calcium:phosphorus ratio (0.62 &plusmn, 0.12 vs. 0.65 &plusmn, 0.13, p &lt, 0.01). A higher proportion of cases than controls did not meet the Nutritional Objectives for saturated fatty acids (85.7% vs. 67.5%, p &lt, 0.001) or cholesterol (35.4% vs. 25.0%, p &lt, 0.01). In conclusion, the present study provides valuable data for analyzing the complexity of gene-diet interaction in relation to CRC. The results presented here suggest that overweight/obesity and a high intake of certain dietary components, especially saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, are more frequent in cases than in controls.

Given the significant population diversity in genetic variation, we aimed to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously identified in studies of colorectal cancer (CRC) susceptibility were also relevant to the population of the Basque Country (North of Spain). We genotyped 230 CRC cases and 230 healthy controls for 48 previously reported CRC-susceptibility SNPs. Only the rs6687758 in DUPS10 exhibited a statistically significant association with CRC risk based on the crude analysis. The rs6687758 AG genotype conferred about 2.13-fold increased risk for CRC compared to the AA genotype. Moreover, we found significant associations in cases between smoking status, physical activity, and the rs6687758 SNP. The results of a Genetic Risk Score (GRS) showed that the risk alleles were more frequent in cases than controls and the score was associated with CRC in crude analysis. In conclusion, we have confirmed a CRC susceptibility locus and the existence of associations between modifiable factors and the rs6687758 SNP; moreover, the GRS was associated with CRC. However, further experimental validations are needed to establish the role of this SNP, the function of the gene identified, as well as the contribution of the interaction between environmental factors and this locusto the risk of CRC. This work was supported by two projects (from the Department of Health and Consumer Affairs, Basque Government 2011111153; and Saiotek, Basque Government S-PE12UN058), by a pre-doctoral grant from the Basque Government (PRE_2016_2_0046), by the CIBERehd and by the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (ARS), under agreement. 581950-4-003. Neither Basque Government nor U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (ARS) had a role in the design, analysis or writing of this article. CIBERehd is funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III.

Purpose: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of MUTYH mutations in patients with multiple colonic polyps and to explore the best strategy for diagnosing MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP) in these patients. Experimental Design: This study included 405 patients with at least 10 colonic polyps each. All cases were genetically tested for the three most frequent MUTYH mutations. Whole-gene analysis was performed in heterozygous patients and in 216 patients lacking the three most frequent mutations. Polyps from 56 patients were analyzed for the KRAS-Gly12Cys and BRAF V600E somatic mutations. Results: Twenty-seven (6.7%) patients were diagnosed with MAP, of which 40.8% showed serrated polyps. The sensitivity of studying only the three common variants was 74.1%. Of 216 patients without any monoallelic mutation in common variants, whole-gene analysis revealed biallelic pathogenic mutation in only one. G396D mutation was associated with serrated lesions and older age at diagnosis. There was a strong association between germinal MUTYH mutation and KRAS Gly12Cys somatic mutation in polyps. BRAF V600E mutation was found in 74% of serrated polyps in MUTYH-negative patients and in none of the polyps of MAP patients. Conclusions: We observed a low frequency of MUTYH mutations among patients with multiple adenomatous and serrated polyps. The MAP phenotype frequently included patients with serrated polyps, especially when G396D mutation was involved. Our results show that somatic molecular markers of polyps can be useful in identifying MAP cases and support the need for the complete MUTYH gene analysis only in patients heterozygous for recurrent variants. Clin Cancer Res; 20(5); 1158–68. ©2014 AACR.

Background: Anisakiasis is caused by the consumption of raw or undercooked fish or cephalopods parasitized by live L3 larvae of nematode Anisakis spp. Larvae anchor to stomach mucosa releasing excretion/secretion products which contain the main allergens. It has been described that nematode larvae release venom allergen-like proteins among their excretion/secretion products. We investigated potential cross-reactivity between Anisakis and wasp venom allergens. Methods: Two groups of 25 patients each were studied: wasp venom- and Anisakis-allergic patients. Sera from patients were tested by ImmunoCAP, dot-blotting with recombinant Anisakis allergens and ADVIA-Centaur system with Hymenoptera allergens. Cross-reactivity was assessed by IgE immunoblotting inhibition assays. Role of cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs) was studied by inhibition with bromelain and periodate treatment. Results: A total of 40% of wasp venom-allergic patients had specific IgE to Anisakis simplex and 20% detected at least one of the Anisakis recombinant allergens tested. Likewise, 44% of Anisakis-allergic patients had specific IgE to Vespula spp. venom and 16% detected at least one of the Hymenoptera allergens tested. Wasp venom-allergic patients detected CCDs in Anisakis extract and peptide epitopes on Anisakis allergens rAni s 1 and rAni s 9, whereas Anisakis-allergic patients only detected CCDs on nVes v 1 allergen from Vespula spp. venom. The only Anisakis allergen inhibited by Vespula venom was rAni s 9. Conclusions: This is the first time that cross-sensitization between wasp venom and Anisakis is described. CCDs are involved in both cases; however, peptide epitopes are only recognized by wasp venom-allergic patients.

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Departamento de Historia Contemporánea. Fecha de lectura: 30-11-2015

Introduction Les travaux de recherche sur l’histoire du chemin de fer en Espagne ont été abondants au cours des trente dernières années*. Comme nous le rappellent Miguel Muñoz et Javier Vidal, l’essor de l’historiographie moderne sur le chemin de fer remonte au début des années 1970, avec les travaux de Gabriel Tortella, Jordi Nadal et Miguel Artola. Ces noms illustres ont été relayés au cours des décennies suivantes par les notables apports de Pedro Tedde, Antonio Gómez Mendo...

Anisakiasis is caused by the consumption of raw or undercooked fish or cephalopods parasitized by live L3 larvae of nematode Anisakis spp. Larvae anchor to stomach mucosa releasing excretion/secretion products which contain the main allergens. It has been described that nematode larvae release venom allergen-like proteins among their excretion/secretion products. We investigated potential cross-reactivity between Anisakis and wasp venom allergens.Two groups of 25 patients each were studied: wasp venom- and Anisakis-allergic patients. Sera from patients were tested by ImmunoCAP, dot-blotting with recombinant Anisakis allergens and ADVIA-Centaur system with Hymenoptera allergens. Cross-reactivity was assessed by IgE immunoblotting inhibition assays. Role of cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs) was studied by inhibition with bromelain and periodate treatment.A total of 40% of wasp venom-allergic patients had specific IgE to Anisakis simplex and 20% detected at least one of the Anisakis recombinant allergens tested. Likewise, 44% of Anisakis-allergic patients had specific IgE to Vespula spp. venom and 16% detected at least one of the Hymenoptera allergens tested. Wasp venom-allergic patients detected CCDs in Anisakis extract and peptide epitopes on Anisakis allergens rAni s 1 and rAni s 9, whereas Anisakis-allergic patients only detected CCDs on nVes v 1 allergen from Vespula spp. venom. The only Anisakis allergen inhibited by Vespula venom was rAni s 9.This is the first time that cross-sensitization between wasp venom and Anisakis is described. CCDs are involved in both cases; however, peptide epitopes are only recognized by wasp venom-allergic patients.

Este artículo plantea la importancia que han tenido los poblados ferroviarios, tanto desde el punto de vista del análisis netamente histórico y social, como desde la óptica de su relevancia patrimonial. Se recogen aquí la importante presencia de poblados ferroviarios en Andalucía, la más numerosa de España, y sus características principales. A continuación se enumeran cuáles son estos poblados y qué evolución histórica tuvieron. Por último, se hace un recorrido por el diferente conjunto de edificios e instalaciones que conforman un singular patrimonio histórico industrial bastante desconocido. También se señala el valor del patrimonio documental y gráfico y del testimonio oral como parte integrante del conjunto. La reflexión final va encauzada a la necesidad de aplicar políticas de protección a estos poblados para evitar el grave deterioro que están sufriendo, el cual puede llevar en pocos años a su total desaparición.