35 results on '"Francisco Javier, Salguero"'
Search Results
2. The scene of lung pathology during PRRSV-1 infection
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Inés Ruedas-Torres, José María Sánchez-Carvajal, Francisco Javier Salguero, Francisco José Pallarés, Librado Carrasco, Enric Mateu, Jaime Gómez-Laguna, and Irene Magdalena Rodríguez-Gómez
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PRRSV-1 ,pathology ,lung ,interstitial pneumonia ,bronchopneumonia ,inflammation ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most economically important infectious diseases for the pig industry worldwide. The disease was firstly reported in 1987 and became endemic in many countries. Since then, outbreaks caused by strains of high virulence have been reported several times in Asia, America and Europe. Interstitial pneumonia, microscopically characterised by thickened alveolar septa, is the hallmark lesion of PRRS. However, suppurative bronchopneumonia and proliferative and necrotising pneumonia are also observed, particularly when a virulent strain is involved. This raises the question of whether the infection by certain strains results in an overstimulation of the proinflammatory response and whether there is some degree of correlation between the strain involved and a particular pattern of lung injury. Thus, it is of interest to know how the inflammatory response is modulated in these cases due to the interplay between virus and host factors. This review provides an overview of the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular pathology of PRRSV-1 strains in the lung, emphasising the differences between strains of different virulence.
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- 2024
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3. Equine infection with Leishmania spp. in Costa Rica: Study of five cases
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María Victoria Ortega‐García, Francisco Javier Salguero, Nerea García, Mercedes Domínguez, Inmaculada Moreno, and Alexis Berrocal
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cutaneous leishmaniosis ,histopathology ,horse ,immunohistochemistry ,Leishmania spp ,leishmaniosis ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Abstract Background Cutaneous forms of leishmaniosis due to Leishmania braziliensis have been reported in horses in the New World. Domestic animals play a role in the transmission of the disease. In Costa Rica, human cases of L. braziliensis, L. panamensis and L. infantum have been reported. Objectives The present report describes five cases of equine cutaneous leishmaniosis in Costa Rica. The aetiological diagnosis was based on the presence of the parasite within the lesions. Methods Skin biopsies were used to perform histopathological analyses of the lesions. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the presence of the Leishmania spp. antigens in tissue sections. Laser‐capture micro‐dissection and quantitative real‐time PCR techniques were carried out to detect the pathogen nucleic acid within the microscopic lesions. Results Histopathological analyses showed a granulomatous inflammation within the dermis, with multi‐nucleated giant cells, macrophages, lymphocytes and few neutrophils and eosinophils. We detected the parasite by immunohistochemistry, using a rabbit polyclonal antibody raised against Leishmania spp. However, we could not identify Leishmania spp. by quantitative real‐time PCR in formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissues, using specific primers for the conserved region in the minicircle of the Leishmania DNA kinetoplast. Conclusions Our results emphasise the importance of Leishmania spp. not only as a causative agent of equine cutaneous disease in the New World, but also as a possible emerging pathogen. Leishmaniosis is one of the most prevalent parasitic public health problems worldwide, and equines may have a role in the epidemiology of the disease.
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- 2021
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4. Editorial: Insights in veterinary experimental and diagnostic pathology: 2021
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Francisco Javier Salguero
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pathology ,molecular diagnosis ,diagnostics ,experimental ,editorial ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Published
- 2022
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5. Dynamics of Macrophage, T and B Cell Infiltration Within Pulmonary Granulomas Induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Two Non-Human Primate Models of Aerosol Infection
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Laura Hunter, Suzie Hingley-Wilson, Graham R. Stewart, Sally A. Sharpe, and Francisco Javier Salguero
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tuberculosis ,pathology ,macrophage ,lymphocyte ,rhesus macaque ,cynomolgus macaque ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Non-human primate models of Tuberculosis (TB) are one of the most commonly used within the experimental TB field because they closely mimic the whole spectrum of disease progression of human TB. However, the early cellular interactions of the pulmonary granuloma are still not well understood. The use of this model allows investigation into the early interactions of cells within pulmonary granulomas which cannot be undertaken in human samples. Pulmonary granulomas from rhesus and cynomolgus macaques from two timepoints post infection were categorised into categories 1 – 6 (early to late stage granulomas) and immunohistochemistry was used to identify CD68+ macrophages, CD3+ T cells and CD20+ B cells. Multinucleated giant cells and acid-fast bacilli were also quantified. At week four post infection, cynomolgus macaques were found to have more CD68+ cells than rhesus in all but category 1 granulomas. Cynomolgus also had a significantly higher percentage of CD20+ B cells in category 1 granulomas. At week twelve post infection, CD68+ cells were most abundant in category 4 and 5 granulomas in both species; however, there were no significant differences between them. CD3+ T cells and CD20+ B cells were significantly higher in the majority of granuloma categories in cynomolgus compared to rhesus. Multinucleated giant cells and acid-fast bacilli were most abundant in categories 5 and 6 at week 12 post challenge in both species. This study has identified the basic cellular composition and spatial distribution of immune cells within pulmonary granulomas in both rhesus and cynomolgus macaques over time. The data from this study will add to the knowledge already gained in this field and may inform future research on vaccines and therapeutics for TB.
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- 2022
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6. Aberrant stromal tissue factor localisation and mycolactone-driven vascular dysfunction, exacerbated by IL-1β, are linked to fibrin formation in Buruli ulcer lesions.
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Louise Tzung-Harn Hsieh, Scott J Dos Santos, Belinda S Hall, Joy Ogbechi, Aloysius D Loglo, Francisco Javier Salguero, Marie-Thérèse Ruf, Gerd Pluschke, and Rachel E Simmonds
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Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Buruli ulcer (BU) is a neglected tropical disease caused by subcutaneous infection with Mycobacterium ulcerans and its exotoxin mycolactone. BU displays coagulative necrosis and widespread fibrin deposition in affected skin tissues. Despite this, the role of the vasculature in BU pathogenesis remains almost completely unexplored. We hypothesise that fibrin-driven ischemia can be an 'indirect' route to mycolactone-dependent tissue necrosis by a mechanism involving vascular dysfunction. Here, we tracked >900 vessels within contiguous tissue sections from eight BU patient biopsies. Our aim was to evaluate their vascular and coagulation biomarker phenotype and explore potential links to fibrin deposition. We also integrated this with our understanding of mycolactone's mechanism of action at Sec61 and its impact on proteins involved in maintaining normal vascular function. Our findings showed that endothelial cell dysfunction is common in skin tissue adjacent to necrotic regions. There was little evidence of primary haemostasis, perhaps due to mycolactone-dependent depletion of endothelial von Willebrand factor. Instead, fibrin staining appeared to be linked to the extrinsic pathway activator, tissue factor (TF). There was significantly greater than expected fibrin staining around vessels that had TF staining within the stroma, and this correlated with the distance it extended from the vessel basement membrane. TF-induced fibrin deposition in these locations would require plasma proteins outside of vessels, therefore we investigated whether mycolactone could increase vascular permeability in vitro. This was indeed the case, and leakage was further exacerbated by IL-1β. Mycolactone caused the loss of endothelial adherens and tight junctions by the depletion of VE-cadherin, TIE-1, TIE-2 and JAM-C; all Sec61-dependent proteins. Taken together, our findings suggest that both vascular and lymphatic vessels in BU lesions become "leaky" during infection, due to the unique action of mycolactone, allowing TF-containing structures and plasma proteins into skin tissue, ultimately leading to local coagulopathy and tissue ischemia.
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- 2022
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7. Experimental Infection of Captive Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) with Mycobacterium bovis
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Céline Richomme, Sandrine Lesellier, Francisco Javier Salguero, Jacques Laurent Barrat, Jean-Marc Boucher, Jennifer Danaidae Reyes-Reyes, Sylvie Hénault, Krystel De Cruz, Jennifer Tambosco, Lorraine Michelet, Justine Boutet, Rubyat Elahi, Konstantin P. Lyashchenko, Conor O’Halloran, Ana Balseiro, and Maria Laura Boschiroli
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tuberculosis ,red fox ,Vulpes vulpes ,pathogenesis ,excretion ,serology ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
In Europe, animal tuberculosis (TB) due to Mycobacterium bovis involves multi-host communities that include cattle and wildlife species, such as wild boar (Sus scrofa), badgers (Meles meles) and red deer (Cervus elaphus). Red fox (Vulpes vulpes) infections have also been recently reported in some TB endemic regions in the Iberian Peninsula and France, with some of the infected animals shedding M. bovis in urine and feces. In order to understand the pathogenesis of M. bovis infection in foxes and the associated risk of transmission, 12 captive foxes (6 females and 6 males) were inoculated orally with 2 × 107 colony-forming units of a French field isolate of M. bovis. Clinical samples (urine, feces and oropharyngeal swabs) were collected every four weeks and tested for molecular diagnosis and bacteriology. Serological responses were measured by IDEXX M. bovis Ab Test and Multi Antigen Print Immunoassay (MAPIA). At a post-mortem examination performed 12 weeks post infection (wpi), tissues were tested for the presence of M. bovis and associated gross and microscopic TB-like lesions. M. bovis was detected by PCR in bladder swabs of 3 animals at 12 wpi. It was also detected pre-mortem at different time points of the experiment in the oropharyngeal mucus of three individuals and in the feces of nine foxes, with two of them confirmed by bacteriology. All 12 foxes had at least 4 PCR positive samples (out of the 23 tested), and all but 1 fox had at least 1 culture positive sample. The culture negative fox was PCR positive in both retropharyngeal and mesenteric lymph nodes, in line with the results of the other animals. Seroconversion was observed in all foxes except one during the experiment, and in nine at the final time point. No gross visible lesions were found in any animal at the post-mortem examination. The histology showed small granulomas within the lymph nodes, tonsils, liver and lungs from eight animals, with the presence of few acid-fast bacilli. These results confirmed that all orally-infected foxes developed mild TB lesions but they were able to shed mycobacteria in about 75% of cases, 1 month post-infection (9 out 12 foxes). These results show that it is possible to induce typical TB infection experimentally in captive foxes, with measurable M. bovis excretion; such an experimental system could be useful for future evaluations of diagnostics and vaccines in this species.
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- 2022
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8. Immunohistochemical characterization of tuberculous lesions in sheep naturally infected with Mycobacterium bovis
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Raquel Vallejo, Juan Francisco García Marín, Ramón Antonio Juste, Marta Muñoz-Mendoza, Francisco Javier Salguero, and Ana Balseiro
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Tuberculosis ,Sheep ,Immunohistochemistry ,Mycobacterium bovis ,Granuloma ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Abstract Background Sheep have been traditionally considered as less susceptible to Mycobacterium bovis (Mbovis) infection than other domestic ruminants such as cattle and goats. However, there is increasing evidence for the role of this species as a domestic Mbovis reservoir, mostly when sheep share grazing fields with infected cattle and goats. Nevertheless, there is a lack of information about the pathogenesis and the immune response of Mbovis infection in sheep. The goals of this study were to characterize the granuloma stages produced by the natural infection of Mbovis in sheep, to compare them with other species and to identify possible differences in the sheep immune response. Samples from bronchial lymph nodes from twelve Mbovis-naturally infected sheep were used. Four immunohistochemical protocols for the specific detection of T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages were performed to study the local immune reaction within the granulomas. Results Differences were observed in the predominant cell type present in each type of granuloma, as well as differences and similarities with the development of tuberculous granulomas in other species. Very low numbers of T-lymphocytes were observed in all granuloma types indicating that specific cellular immune response mediated by T-cells might not be of much importance in sheep in the early stages of infection, when macrophages are the predominant cell type within lesions. Plasma cells and mainly B lymphocytes increased considerably as the granuloma developed being attracted to the lesions in a shift towards a Th2 response against the increasing amounts of mycobacteria. Therefore, we have proposed that the granulomas could be defined as initial, developed and terminal. Conclusions Results showed that the study of the lymphoid tissue granulomata reinforces the view that the three different types of granuloma represent stages of lesion progression and suggest an explanation to the higher resistance of sheep based on a higher effective innate immune response to control tuberculosis infection.
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- 2018
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9. Female Reproductive System
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Francisco Javier Salguero Bodes and Francisco José Pallarés Martínez
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- 2023
10. Lymphatic System
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Francisco Javier Salguero Bodes and Francisco José Pallarés Martínez
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- 2023
11. Muscle
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Francisco Javier Salguero Bodes and Francisco José Pallarés Martínez
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- 2023
12. Connective Tissue
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Francisco Javier Salguero Bodes and Francisco José Pallarés Martínez
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- 2023
13. Cardiovascular System
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Francisco Javier Salguero Bodes and Francisco José Pallarés Martínez
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- 2023
14. Epithelial Tissue
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Francisco Javier Salguero Bodes and Francisco José Pallarés Martínez
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- 2023
15. Endocrine System
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Francisco Javier Salguero Bodes and Francisco José Pallarés Martínez
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- 2023
16. Aughey and Frye’s Comparative Veterinary Histology with Clinical Correlates
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Francisco Javier Salguero Bodes and Francisco Jose Pallares Martinez
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- 2023
17. Urinary System
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Francisco Javier Salguero Bodes and Francisco José Pallarés Martínez
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- 2023
18. Blood and Bone Marrow
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Francisco Javier Salguero Bodes and Francisco José Pallarés Martínez
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- 2023
19. Special Senses
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Francisco Javier Salguero Bodes and Francisco José Pallarés Martínez
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- 2023
20. Nervous System
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Francisco Javier Salguero Bodes and Francisco José Pallarés Martínez
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- 2023
21. Digestive System
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Francisco Javier Salguero Bodes and Francisco José Pallarés Martínez
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- 2023
22. Introduction
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Francisco Javier Salguero Bodes and Francisco José Pallarés Martínez
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- 2023
23. The Cell
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Francisco Javier Salguero Bodes and Francisco José Pallarés Martínez
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- 2023
24. Male Reproductive System
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Francisco Javier Salguero Bodes and Francisco José Pallarés Martínez
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- 2023
25. Respiratory System
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Francisco Javier Salguero Bodes and Francisco José Pallarés Martínez
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- 2023
26. Local Lung Immune Response to Mycobacterium bovis Challenge after BCG and M. bovis Heat-Inactivated Vaccination in European Badger (Meles meles)
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Cristina Blanco Vázquez, Miguel Prieto, Marta Barral, Ramón Antonio Juste, Sandrine Lesellier, Francisco Javier Salguero, Dipesh Davé, Ileana Zorhaya Martínez, María Gracia de Garnica García, Rosa Casais, and Ana Balseiro
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tuberculosis ,badger ,BCG vaccine ,Mycobacterium bovis heat-inactivated (HIMB) vaccine ,immunohistochemistry ,granuloma ,Medicine - Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) vaccination could be used as a key part of integrated strategies for the disease’s control if an effective and safe vaccine under field conditions is obtained. Recent studies in Spain have evaluated the protective efficacy of two oral vaccines against experimental challenge with live intra-bronchial Mycobacterium bovis in captive badgers: the live-attenuated M. bovis BCG vaccine (Danish strain) and a heat-inactivated M. bovis (HIMB) vaccine. With the objective of increasing the knowledge of the cellular development progress of infection and generating further tools to discriminate between mild and severe TB lesions between and within animals, the immunopathology of tuberculous lesions was studied to characterize the local immune response (cell type profile) within lung granulomas from control (non-vaccinated), BCG vaccinated and HIMB-vaccinated experimentally infected badgers with M. bovis. Four immunohistochemical protocols, for the specific detection of macrophages, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and plasma cells within TB granulomas in formalin fixed sections of the right middle lung lobe (lobe targeted for the M. bovis delivery), were performed. Immunolabelled sections were scanned and five randomly selected areas were analyzed with digital image analysis software. The results were expressed as the proportion of the positively immunolabelled area within the total area of the selected site. Data was analyzed using the statistical analysis software (SAS). In the three treatment groups, macrophages were the most abundant inflammatory cells within the granulomas, followed by B lymphocytes and plasma cells. T lymphocyes were absent in those granulomas. This would suggest a predominance of a non-specific innate response mediated by phagocytic cells over an adaptative humoral immune response. The proportion of macrophages and plasma cells was higher in BCG and HIMB-vaccinated badgers, respectively, suggesting the establishment of an adaptative humoral response in HIMB-vaccinated badgers. The lower bacterial load at the lung level, as well as the volume of lesions in lungs using magnetic resonance imaging in badgers with the HIMB vaccine in relation with local immune response presented, must be highlighted, since it would be an advantage in favor of its use under field conditions in terms of reducing TB transmission and environmental contamination.
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- 2020
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27. Experimental Infection of Captive Red Foxes (
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Céline, Richomme, Sandrine, Lesellier, Francisco Javier, Salguero, Jacques Laurent, Barrat, Jean-Marc, Boucher, Jennifer Danaidae, Reyes-Reyes, Sylvie, Hénault, Krystel, De Cruz, Jennifer, Tambosco, Lorraine, Michelet, Justine, Boutet, Rubyat, Elahi, Konstantin P, Lyashchenko, Conor, O'Halloran, Ana, Balseiro, and Maria Laura, Boschiroli
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In Europe, animal tuberculosis (TB) due to
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- 2021
28. Dynamics of Macrophage, T and B Cell Infiltration Within Pulmonary Granulomas Induced by
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Laura, Hunter, Suzie, Hingley-Wilson, Graham R, Stewart, Sally A, Sharpe, and Francisco Javier, Salguero
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B-Lymphocytes ,Granuloma ,Macrophages ,Immunology ,Mycobacterium tuberculosis ,macrophage ,CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,lymphocyte ,Macaca mulatta ,Disease Models, Animal ,Macaca fascicularis ,tuberculosis ,hemic and lymphatic diseases ,immunohistochemistry ,Animals ,pathology ,pulmonary granuloma ,cynomolgus macaque ,Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ,Original Research ,rhesus macaque - Abstract
Non-human primate models of Tuberculosis (TB) are one of the most commonly used within the experimental TB field because they closely mimic the whole spectrum of disease progression of human TB. However, the early cellular interactions of the pulmonary granuloma are still not well understood. The use of this model allows investigation into the early interactions of cells within pulmonary granulomas which cannot be undertaken in human samples. Pulmonary granulomas from rhesus and cynomolgus macaques from two timepoints post infection were categorised into categories 1 – 6 (early to late stage granulomas) and immunohistochemistry was used to identify CD68+ macrophages, CD3+ T cells and CD20+ B cells. Multinucleated giant cells and acid-fast bacilli were also quantified. At week four post infection, cynomolgus macaques were found to have more CD68+ cells than rhesus in all but category 1 granulomas. Cynomolgus also had a significantly higher percentage of CD20+ B cells in category 1 granulomas. At week twelve post infection, CD68+ cells were most abundant in category 4 and 5 granulomas in both species; however, there were no significant differences between them. CD3+ T cells and CD20+ B cells were significantly higher in the majority of granuloma categories in cynomolgus compared to rhesus. Multinucleated giant cells and acid-fast bacilli were most abundant in categories 5 and 6 at week 12 post challenge in both species. This study has identified the basic cellular composition and spatial distribution of immune cells within pulmonary granulomas in both rhesus and cynomolgus macaques over time. The data from this study will add to the knowledge already gained in this field and may inform future research on vaccines and therapeutics for TB.
- Published
- 2021
29. La sectorización basada en criterios energéticos como herramienta para la gestión hídrica de redes de distribución de agua
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Francisco Javier Salguero Barceló
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Caudal incontrolado fugado ,Water leaks ,Redes de distribución de agua ,Agua potable ,Fugas de agua ,MECANICA DE FLUIDOS ,Uncontrolled water leakage ,Sensorización ,Sensorization ,Sectorization ,Water distribution networks ,Drinking water ,Sectorización - Abstract
[ES] La sectorización de las redes ha demostrado ser una metodología estratégica en la reducción de los volúmenes incontrolados fugados, considerado uno de los principales problemas a los que tienen que enfrentarse diariamente los gestores de los sistemas de distribución de agua. Su principal objetivo es facilitar la monitorización de las redes, dividiéndolas en subsistemas, sobre los que se puede realizar un mejor y más fácil control de las anomalías en el consumo y presión. Uno de los inconvenientes que presenta esta técnica recae en su diseño. No existe una solución única, sino que atiende a diversos criterios para realizarlo. De manera generalizada, este diseño se basa en la experiencia del propio diseñador, siguiendo criterios puramente prácticos y con procesos manuales de prueba y error, cuyo grado de dificultad está vinculado al tamaño y complejidad de la propia red. Esta tesis plantea una metodología sistemática para el diseño de la sectorización de una red de distribución de agua, según criterios energéticos, con el fin de facilitar la delimitación de cada uno de los sectores de la red. Como resultado, se obtiene una organización de la red en sectores buscando una optimización energética de la misma, de tal modo que posteriores técnicas de mejora, como es el caso de la gestión de presiones, se vean favorecidas. La sectorización ha resultado ser una técnica eficaz en la búsqueda de fugas. Sin embargo, como supone una pérdida de capacidad hidráulica y una merma en la calidad del agua, esta tesis se cuestiona el planteamiento de una técnica no intrusiva alternativa que logre los mismos resultados. Así, se propone el desarrollo de una metodología que localice las fugas centrada en la interdependencia de todos los elementos y en el empleo de sensores de caudal y presión. El trabajo pone de manifiesto que es posible sectorizar la red de tal manera que se consigan mayores beneficios para la misma. Ahora bien, también es posible el empleo de otras técnicas que no requieran el cierre de tuberías pero que desprendan soluciones similares. El empleo de una técnica u otra dependerá de cada caso, de los objetivos establecidos y de la política de trabajo de cada gestor., [CA] La sectorització de les xarxes ha demostrat ser una metodologia estratègica en la reducció dels volums incontrolats perduts, considerat un dels principals problemes als quals han d'enfrontar-se diàriament els gestors dels sistemes de distribució d'aigua. El seu principal objectiu és facilitar la monitorització de les xarxes, dividint-les en subsistemes, sobre els quals es pot realitzar un millor i més fàcil control de les anomalies en el consum i pressió. Un dels inconvenients que presenta aquesta tècnica recau en el seu disseny. No existeix una solució única, sinó que atén diversos criteris per a realitzar-ho. De manera generalitzada, aquest disseny es basa en l'experiència del propi dissenyador, seguint criteris purament pràctics i amb processos manuals de prova i error, el grau de dificultat del qual està vinculat a la grandària i complexitat de la pròpia xarxa. Aquesta tesi planteja una metodologia sistemàtica per al disseny de la sectorització d'una xarxa de distribució d'aigua, segons criteris energètics, amb la finalitat de facilitar la delimitació de cadascun dels sectors de la xarxa. Com a resultat, s'obté una organització de la xarxa en sectors buscant una optimització energètica d'aquesta, de tal manera que posteriors tècniques de millora, com és el cas de la gestió de pressions, es vegen afavorides. La sectorització ha resultat ser una tècnica eficaç en la cerca de fuites d'aigua. No obstant això, com suposa una pèrdua de capacitat hidràulica i una disminució en la qualitat de l'aigua, aquesta tesi es qüestiona el plantejament d'una tècnica no intrusiva alternativa que aconseguisca els mateixos resultats. Així, es proposa el desenvolupament d'una metodologia que localitze les fuites d'aigua centrada en la interdependència de tots els elements i en l'ús de sensors de cabal i pressió. El treball posa de manifest que és possible sectoritzar la xarxa de tal manera que s'aconseguisquen majors beneficis per a aquesta. Ara bé, també és possible l'ús d'altres tècniques que no requerisquen el tancament de canonades però que desprenguen solucions similars. L'ús d'una tècnica o una altra dependrà de cada cas, dels objectius establits i de la política de treball de cada gestor., [EN] The sectorization of networks has proven to be a strategic methodology in the reduction of uncontrolled leakage volumes, considered one of the main problems that water distribution system managers must face on a daily basis. Its main objective is to facilitate the monitoring of the networks, dividing them into subsystems, on which a better and easier control of anomalies in consumption and pressure can be performed. One of the drawbacks of this technique lies in its design. There is no single solution, but it is based on different criteria. In general, this design is based on the designer's own experience, following purely practical criteria and with manual trial and error processes, whose degree of difficulty is linked to the size and complexity of the network itself. This thesis proposes a systematic methodology for the design of the sectorization of a water distribution network, according to energy criteria, in order to facilitate the delimitation of each of the sectors of the network. As a result, an organization of the network in sectors is obtained, looking for an energetic optimization of the same, in such a way that later improvement techniques, such as pressure management, are favoured. Sectorization has proven to be an effective technique in the search for leaks. However, as it implies a loss of hydraulic capacity and a decrease in water quality, this thesis questions the approach of an alternative non-intrusive technique that achieves the same results. Thus, it is proposed the development of a methodology to locate the leaks focused on the interdependence of all the elements and the use of flow and pressure sensors. The present work shows that it is possible to sectorize the network in such a way as to achieve greater benefits for the network. However, it is also possible to use other techniques that do not require pipe closure but provide similar solutions. The use of one technique or another will depend on each case, on the established objectives and on the working policy of each manager.
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- 2021
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30. Aughey and Frye’s Comparative Veterinary Histology with Clinical Correlates
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Francisco Javier Salguero Bodes, Francisco Jose Pallares Martinez, Francisco Javier Salguero Bodes, and Francisco Jose Pallares Martinez
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- Veterinary histology, Veterinary histology--Handbooks, manuals, etc
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Organised by body system, the new edition of this highly illustrated textbook covers the normal histological appearance of tissues in a wide range of animals, both domestic and exotic species, with relevant clinical correlates emphasising the need to appreciate the normal in order to recognise the abnormal. In this update by two experienced veterinary pathologists and histology lecturers, new species, such as other companion mammals, aquatic species, and livestock, are introduced into each chapter along with a wealth of new high-quality images. A new chapter covers epitehlial tissue, and new techniques used in histology and histopathology are discussed throughout, including in situ hybridisation (ISH) and digital image analysis. Pathogenesis explanations are introduced in the current (and many new) cases of histopathology. The breadth of coverage - farm animals, dogs, cats, horses, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish - and the integration of normal and abnormal tissue provide a reference of lasting value to veterinary students as well as veterinary practitioners and pathologists requiring a quick refresher.
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- 2023
31. In vivo manipulation of γ9(+) T cells in the common marmoset (Callithrix Jacchus) with phosphoantigen and effect on the progression of respiratory melioidosis.
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Thomas R Laws, Michelle Nelson, Cecile Bonnafous, Helene Sicard, Christopher Taylor, Francisco Javier Salguero, Timothy P Atkins, Petra C F Oyston, and Caroline A Rowland
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is a dangerous human pathogen. Phosphoantigens specifically the target primate specific γ9(+)δ2(+) T cells subset and some have been developed as potential immunotherapeutics. Previously, we demonstrated that, when stimulated with the phosphoantigen CHDMAPP, γ9(+)δ2(+) T cells aid in the killing of intracellular B. pseudomallei bacteria. Moreover, we found that common marmoset (Callithrix Jacchus) γ9(+) T cells increase in frequency and respond to the phosphoantigen CHDMAPP and/or B. pseudomallei, in combination with IL-2, in a similar manner to human γ9(+)δ2(+) T cells. Here we evaluate the efficacy of the phosphoantigen CHDMAPP, in combination with IL-2, as a therapy against B. pseudomallei infection, in vivo. We found that the previous studies predicted the in vivo responsiveness of γ9(+) T cells to the CHDMAPP+IL-2 treatment and significant expansion of the numbers of peripheral and splenic γ9(+) T cells were observed. This effect was similar to those reported in other primate species treated with phosphoantigen. Furthermore, splenocytes were retrieved 7 days post onset of treatment, restimulated with CHDMAPP or heat-killed B. pseudomallei and the cultured γ9(+) T cells demonstrated no reduction in IFN-γ response when CHDMAPP+IL-2 animals were compared to IL-2 only treated animals. Using an established model of B. pseudomallei infection in the marmoset, we assessed the potential for using phosphoantigen as a novel immunotherapy. The CHDMAPP treatment regime had no effect on the progression of respiratory melioidosis and this was despite the presence of elevated numbers of γ9(+) T cells in the spleen, liver and lung and an increased proportion of IFN-γ(+) cells in response to infection. We therefore report that the common marmoset has proven a good model for studying the effect in vivo of γ9(+) T cell stimulation; however, γ9(+) T cells have little or no effect on the progression of lethal, respiratory B. pseudomallei infection.
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- 2013
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32. A method for the generation of ectromelia virus (ECTV) recombinants: in vivo analysis of ECTV vCD30 deletion mutants.
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Ali Alejo, Margarida Saraiva, Maria Begoña Ruiz-Argüello, Abel Viejo-Borbolla, Mar Fernández de Marco, Francisco Javier Salguero, and Antonio Alcami
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Ectromelia virus (ECTV) is the causative agent of mousepox, a lethal disease of mice with similarities to human smallpox. Mousepox progression involves replication at the initial site of infection, usually the skin, followed by a rapid spread to the secondary replicative organs, spleen and liver, and finally a dissemination to the skin, where the typical rash associated with this and other orthopoxviral induced diseases appears. Case fatality rate is genetically determined and reaches up to 100% in susceptible mice strains. Like other poxviruses, ECTV encodes a number of proteins with immunomodulatory potential, whose role in mousepox progression remains largely undescribed. Amongst these is a secreted homologue of the cellular tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily member CD30 which has been proposed to modulate a Th1 immune response in vivo.To evaluate the contribution of viral CD30 (vCD30) to virus pathogenesis in the infected host, we have adapted a novel transient dominant method for the selection of recombinant ECTVs. Using this method, we have generated an ECTV vCD30 deletion mutant, its corresponding revertant control virus as well as a virus encoding the extracellular domain of murine CD30. These viruses contain no exogenous marker DNA sequences in their genomes, as opposed to other ECTVs reported up to date.We show that the vCD30 is expressed as a secreted disulfide linked trimer and that the absence of vCD30 does not impair mousepox induced fatality in vivo. Replacement of vCD30 by a secreted version of mouse CD30 caused limited attenuation of ECTV. The recombinant viruses generated may be of use in the study of the role of the cellular CD30-CD30L interaction in the development of the immune response. The method developed might be useful for the construction of ECTV mutants for the study of additional genes.
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- 2009
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33. Approaching tumour heterogeneity using laser capture microdissection coupled with gene expression on formalin-fixed paraffin canine mammary tumours
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Silvia Guil-Luna, Francisco Javier Salguero, Jaime Gómez-Laguna, Abdullah Alijojani, Waldo García-Jimenez, Silvana Di Palma, Yolanda Millán, Raquel Sánchez-Céspedes, and Juana Martín de las Mulas
- Published
- 2018
34. Apoptosis of thymocytes in experimental African swine fever virus infection
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Francisco Javier Salguero, Sánchez-Cordón, P. J., Sierra, M. A., Jover, A., Núñez, A., and Gómez-Villamandos, J. C.
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African Swine Fever (ASF) ,Apoptosis ,6 - Ciencias aplicadas::63 - Agricultura. Silvicultura. Zootecnia. Caza. Pesca::636 - Veterinaria. Explotación y cría de animales. Cría del ganado y de animales domésticos [CDU] ,Virus ,Thymus - Abstract
This paper report on the lesions occurred in the thymus in experimental acute African swine fever (ASF). Twenty-one pigs were inoculated with the highly virulent ASF virus (ASFV) isolate Spain-70. Animals were slaughtered from 1 to 7 days post infection (dpi). Three animals with similar features were used as controls. Thymus samples were fixed in 10% buffered formalin solution for histological and immunohistochemical study and in 2.5% glutaraldehyde for ultrastructural examination. For immunohistochemical study, the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) technique was used to demonstrate viral protein 73 and porcine myeloid-histiocyte antigen SWC3 using specific monoclonal antibodies. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by the TUNEL assay. Blood samples were taken daily from all pigs and were used for leukocyte counts. The results of this study show a severe thymocyte apoptosis not related to the direct action of ASFV on these cells, but probably to a quantitative increase in macrophages in the thymus and their activation. A decrease in the percentage of blood lymphocytes was observed at the same time No significant vascular changes were observed in the study. With these results we suggest that ASFV infection of the thymus does not seem to play a critical role in the acute disease. Although severe apoptosis was observed, animals died because of the severe lesions found in the other organs.
35. African swine fever and classical swine fever: A review of the pathogenesis
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Gómez-Villamandos, J. C., Carrasco, L., Bautista, M. J., Sierra, M. A., Quezada, M., Hervas, J., Lara F, C. M., Ruiz-Villamor, E., Francisco Javier Salguero, Sónchez-Cordón, P. J., Romanini, S., Núñez, A., Mekonen, T., Méndez, A., and Jover, A.
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Haemorrhages ,Monocyte-macrophage-system ,Lymphopenia ,Classical swine fever ,African swine fever ,Thrombocytopenia - Abstract
This paper describes major pathogenetic mechanisms of African and Classical Swine Fever virus infections. The interactions between both viruses and the monocyte-macrophage-system result in the release of mediator molecules, which are important for the further progression of the diseases. The causes of the thrombocytopenia and the mechanisms of the haemorrhages, which are characteristic in both infections, are described. Apoptotic cell death is regarded as the pre-dominant cause of lymphopenia in both virus infections.
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