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Abstract Obtaining soybean genotypes that combine better nutrient uptake, higher oil and protein levels in the grains, and high grain yield is one of the major challenges for current breeding programs. To avoid the development of unpromising populations, selecting parents for crossbreeding is a crucial step in the breeding pipeline. Therefore, our objective was to estimate the combining ability of soybean cultivars based on the F2 generation, aiming to identify superior segregating parents and populations for agronomic, nutritional and industrial traits. Field experiments were carried out in two locations in the 2020/2021 crop season. Leaf contents of the following nutrients were evaluated: phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc. Agronomic traits assessed were days to maturity (DM) and grain yield (GY), while the industrial traits protein, oil, fiber and ash contents were also measured in the populations studied. There was a significant genotype × environment (G × A) interaction for all nutritional traits, except for P content, DM and all industrial traits. The parent G3 and the segregating populations P20 and P27 can be used aiming to obtain higher nutritional efficiency in new soybean cultivars. The segregating populations P11 and P26 show higher potential for selecting soybean genotypes that combine earliness and higher grain yield. The parent G5 and segregant population P6 are promising for selection seeking improvement of industrial traits in soybean.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the abundance of the soil macrofauna in four green manure species, before the cotton crop. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four treatments: Mucuna pruriens (gray mucuna), Canavalia ensiformes (pork bean), Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea) and Crotalaria juncea (crotalaria). The macrofauna was captured by means of collections with collections using pitfall traps. The data were processed through the cluster analysis to verify the similarity among green manure species as to the occurrence of soil macrofauna. The orders Orthoptera, Coleoptera L (Larval), Hymenoptera and Coleoptera (adult), respectively, had the highest local relative abundance. There was a significant effect of the cover plants on the taxonomic groups and relative density of the soil macrofauna. Green manures were more determinant in the abundance and relative density of the soil macrofauna than the region climate. Up to 60 days after sowing the cotton crop, there was a beneficial influence of the green manures on the soil macrofauna.

This study aimed to evaluate the forage production of three tropical forage grasses under different shading levels. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, University Unit of Aquidauana (UEMS/UUA), in a soil classified as Ultisol sandy loam texture. The treatments consisted of three grasses species combinations (B. brizantha cv. Marandu, B. decumbens cv. Basilisck and Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania), submitted to four shading levels (0, 30, 50 and 75%), arranged in a completely randomized blocks design in a factorial 3 x 4, with eight replications. After harvest, the plants were separated into shoot and roots for determination of shoot fresh mass (SFM), shoot dry mass (SDM) and roots dry mass production. After analysis of variance, the qualitative factor was subjected to comparison of averages by Tukey’s test, and the quantitative factor to analysis of polynomial regression, being interactions appropriately unfolded. It was verified that B. decumbens, by its linearly increasing production of forage and less decrease of root formation, is the most recommended for shading conditions compared to grasses Tanzania and Marandu.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar quais caracteres qualitativos poderão ser usados na seleção direta e indireta de genótipos de Urochloa brizantha, quanto ao teor de proteína bruta. Foram avaliados nove genótipos, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com duas repetições. Os caracteres qualitativos avaliados foram: volume de gás acumulado nas frações rápida e lenta, proteína bruta, fibras em detergentes neutro e ácido, celulose, lignina, sílica e digestibilidade in vitro da matéria orgânica. A digestibilidade in vitro da matéria orgânica é indicada tanto para a seleção direta quanto indireta de genótipos de U. brizantha com maior teor de proteína bruta.

O documento aqui transcrito é uma memória descritiva das povoações da antiga capitania de Porto Seguro. Depositado no Arquivo Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, o documento foi escrito pelo ouvidor interino João de Almeida Freire e é datado de 1817. Dentre as inúmeras informações contidas no manuscrito, destacam-se as narrativas, as imagens e as memórias formuladas sobre a presença e participação dos povos indígenas na história do atual extremo sul da Bahia. Palavras-Chave: História Indígena; Memória Histórica; Porto Seguro

The objective of this work was to select soybean genotypes with high yield, adaptability and stability in different sowing seasons in the Cerrado-Pantanal ecotone region using the MHPRVG method (harmonic mean of the relative performance of genetic values). We evaluated 10 soybean genotypes at two sowing seasons in Aquidauana/MS in the agricultural year 2014/2015. At maturation, the following agronomic traits were evaluated: plant height (PH), first pod height (FPH), number of branches per plant (NB), number of pods per plant (NP), number of grains per pod (NGP), mass of hundred grains (MHG) and yield grain (YIE). Likelihood ratio test detected significant genotype x seasons interaction only for grain yield. The genotypes AS3730, 97R73 and SYN9070 showed high adaptability and can be growing in both sowing seasons in the Cerrado/Pantanal ecotone. The genotypes 97R21 and B4184 have high phenotypic stability and are indicated for growing in later sowing season.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o tamanho de amostra, em número de anos, para a estimação da média de precipitação pluvial mensal em locais do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul e verificar sua variabilidade espaço-temporal. Utilizaram-se os dados de precipitação pluvial do período de 1954 a 2013, coletados do Sistema de Informações Hidrológicas da Agência Nacional de Águas - ANA. Em cada uma das 384 séries temporais (12 meses × 32 locais), calcularam-se a média e o desvio padrão e testaram-se a aleatoriedade e a normalidade dos dados. Verificou-se a homogeneidade de variâncias entre os meses em cada local e entre os locais em cada mês. Calculou-se o tamanho de amostra em cada mês e local. O tamanho de amostra (número de anos) para a estimação da média de precipitação pluvial mensal é dependente do mês e do local. Para os meses e locais estudados, 63 anos de observações são suficientes para estimar a média de precipitação pluvial mensal, para um erro de estimação igual a 45% da média estimada, com grau de confiança de 95%.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a concordância entre as redes neurais artificiais (RNAs) e o método de Eberhart & Russel na identificação de genótipos de feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata) com alta adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípicas. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de 18 linhagens experimentais e duas cultivares de feijão-caupi. Foram conduzidos quatro ensaios de valor de cultivo e uso nos municípios de Aquidauana, Chapadão do Sul e Dourados, no estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. Os dados de produtividade de grãos foram submetidos às análises de variância individual e conjunta. Em seguida, os dados foram submetidos às análises de adaptabilidade e estabilidade por meio dos métodos de Eberhart & Russell e de RNAs. Houve elevada concordância entre os métodos avaliados quanto à discriminação da adaptabilidade fenotípica dos genótipos de feijão-caupi semiprostrado, o que indica que as RNAs podem ser utilizadas em programas de melhoramento genético. Em ambos os métodos avaliados, os genótipos BRS Xiquexique, TE97-304G-12 e MNC99-542F-5 são recomendados para ambientes desfavoráveis, gerais e favoráveis, respectivamente, por apresentarem produtividade de grãos acima da média geral dos ambientes e alta estabilidade fenotípica.

Resumo:O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar, sob a perspectiva bayesiana, genótipos de feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata) que reúnam alta adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípicas, no Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. Foram utilizados dados de quatro experimentos, conduzidos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em que a produtividade de grãos de 20 genótipos de feijão-caupi semiprostrado foi avaliada. Para representar as distribuições a priori pouco informativas, utilizaram-se distribuições de probabilidade com grande variância; e, para representar distribuições a priori informativas, adotou-se o conceito de metanálise, com uso de informações de trabalhos anteriores. A comparação entre as distribuições a priori foi realizada por meio do fator de Bayes. A abordagem bayesiana proporciona maior acurácia na seleção de genótipos de feijão-caupi semiprostrado, com elevadas adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípicas avaliadas por meio da metodologia de Eberhart & Russell. Com base nas prioris informativas, os genótipos MNC99-507G-4, TE97-309G-24, MNC99-542F-7 e BR 17-Gurguéia são classificados como de alta adaptabilidade a ambientes favoráveis. Já os genótipos TE96-290-12G, MNC99-510F-16, MNC99-508G-1, MNC99-541F-21, MNC99-542F-5 e MNC99-547F-2 apresentam alta adaptabilidade a ambientes desfavoráveis.

O presente trabalho objetivou estimar a divergência genética entre ecótipos de Urochloa brizantha com base na análise de descritores quantitativos, qualitativos e sua análise conjunta a fim de selecionar os promissores para liberação como cultivares desta espécie. Oito ecótipos (B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B8) e a cultivar 'Marandu' de U. brizantha foram implantados em piquetes, com 1000m2 cada, em duas repetições. Foram avaliados cinco descritores quantitativos e dez qualitativos no período seco e das águas. Os descritores quantitativos foram: área foliar, comprimento e largura das lâminas foliares, massa seca (MS) e proporção de lâmina foliar na MS. Os descritores qualitativos mensurados foram: resistência ao cisalhamento, volume de gás acumulado na fração rápida e lenta, proteína bruta, fibra em detergente neutro, fibra em detergente ácido, celulose, lignina em ácido sulfúrico, sílica e digestibilidade in vitro da matéria orgânica. Houve divergência genética entre os ecótipos de U. brizantha, especialmente em relação aos descritores quantitativos. Com base nos agrupamentos dos descritores quantitativos, qualitativos e sua análise conjunta, o agrupamento contendo de B1, B3 e B5 com 'Marandu' podem resultar em ecótipos promissores de U. brizantha

The aim of this study was to determine the similarity between nine species of green manure regarding the occurrence of epiedaphic macrofauna. The experiment was conducted during the months of August 2014 to July 2015 at the Crop Science sector of the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Unit of Aquidauana. Treatmentes evaluated were: Canavalia ensiformes, Dolichos lablab, Mucuna pruriens, Mucuna aterrima, Crotalaria spectabilis, Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria ochroleuca, Cajanus cajan, Cajanus cajan and two control (fallow area and native vegetation). Experimental design was completely randomized with two replications. Each plot consists of 10 lines with 4.5 m long. Epiedaphic macrofauna inhabiting the interphase between the vegetation cover and the soil surface was collected weekly by the Pitfall model. Individuals collected in all green manure species in the same month were added and subjected to cluster analysis. The months of September and October composed group 2 due to higher averages of epiedaphic macrofauna individuals. The month of July had the highest number of individuals from Isoptera order, composing the group 3. The month of November was in which was collected the greatest number of individuals from Hymenoptera order, which has allocated this month in group 4. The others months of the year formed the group 1, indicating that the region climatic conditions in this period do not affect significantly the distribution of epiedaphic macrofauna individuals.

Assessing the nutrient release by cover crops species, especially those used in green manure, is important for planning activities aimed at the higher economic return. The use of these species in order to improve the growing conditions in the transition region between the Cerrado and Pantanal biomes, which have particular characteristics, may be a viable alternative. This study aimed to evaluate the amount of biomass produced and macronutrients released in this biomass by different green manure species grown in the Cerrado/Pantanal ecotone. The trial was carried out from April 2013 to June 2014 in the Plant Science sector at State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana-MS (Brazil). Experimental design was completely randomized arranged in time split plot, with four replications. First factor consisted of seven species of green manure, while the second were seven evaluation times (months). The variables evaluated were: dry mass of shoot and nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sulfur (S) contents as a function of time. For all variables evaluated there was significant interaction between the green manure species and the collection months. Vegetable cover showed different rates of decomposition and nutrient release. Mucuna aterrima was the species that produced higher amounts of dry mass and nutrient content. After four months of cutting the plants, green manure species do not differentiate between the amounts of released nutrients.

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between GGE Biplot and Eberhart and Russell methodologies and to select cowpea genotypes that meet both high grain yield, adaptability and stability for Mato Grosso do Sul environments. The trials were carried out from February to July of 2010, 2011 and 2012 in the municipalities of Dourados, Aquidauana and Chapadão do Sul. The trials in Chapadão do Sul were conducted only in the years 2010 and 2011, totaling eight environments. After detecting significant GE interaction, adaptability and phenotypic stability of cowpea genotypes were analyzed by GGE Biplot and linear regression methods. Eberhart and Russell and GGE biplot methodologies discriminate differently the best cowpea genotypes and it can be used in a complementary way. MNCO1-649F-2-11 and MNCO2-675-4-9 genotypes are the closest to the ideal in terms of high grain yield and phenotypic stability, being so suitable for cultivation in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul.

The aim of this study was to determine the probable monthly rainfall for the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, considering the level of 75% probability, and study the spatial distribution associated with its different biomes. The rainfall data of 32 stations (sites) in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul were collected in the period 1954-2013. In each of the 384 series, the average monthly rainfall was calculated, for at least 30 years of observation. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov adhesion test was applied to the rainfall time series to check the fit of the data to a normal distribution. The likely fallout was estimated at 75% probability, using the normal probability distribution and, subsequently, it was adopted the method of Ordinary Kriging interpolation mathematics to spatial data. Based on the likely monthly precipitation estimated, the State of Mato Grosso do Sul possess three distinct periods, with the precipitation associated with different biomes: the rainy season (between the months November to March, where increased precipitation occurred in the Savanna biome), dry season (between the months from June to August, when the highest rainfall occurred in the Atlantic Forest) and transition period (April and May and September and October).

The aims of this study were to evaluate forage production and nutritional quality of the elephant grass, leucaena and pigeon pea beans, grown in monocrop or in intercropping systems in Cerrado / Pantanal ecotones in both, dry and rainy, seasons. Experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments and five repetitions. The treatments were: elephant grass, leucaena and pigeon pea all of these in monocrop; intercropping elephant grass with Leucaena; intercropping elephant grass with pigeon pea. During the rainy season, it was carried out three cuts at intervals of 60 days, and in the dry season a single cut with 180 days. In the rainy season, the biomass produced of the forages elephant grass, leucaena and pigeon pea corresponded respectively to 72, 64, 76% of the annual production. Under intercropping system, fodder behaves similarly, with the average of 72% of annual production. During this period, the nutritional quality of the forages was also higher than the dry season. In the dry period, there was decreased the production of biomass and a reduction in the proportion of leaves in all the forage, regardless of cultivation system. In both seasons (rainy and dry), the forage grown under intercropping system showed higher dry matter production in relation to monocrop system, with most of this production coming of elephant grass. The intercropping elephant grass with the pigeon pea has the highest production of dry matter, while the intercropping elephant grass with Leucaena has better nutritional quality.

This work aimed to evaluate the irrigation influence on the forage production of Panicum maximum, Pennicetum pupureum, Urochloa brizantha and Urochloa ruziziensis during the rainy and dry seasons in Cerrado-Pantanal ecotone. Trial was conducted at experimental area of irrigated agriculture of Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Unit of Aquidauana. We assessed the interaction between irrigation versus tropical forage species in the rainy and dry seasons. The first factor is the irrigation or non-irrigation, while the second factor comprises the species. Experimental design used was randomized complete with four replications in factorial scheme 2x4. There were two forage collections during the dry the rainy" interval for standardization cutting and harvest at 45 days after. Traits evaluated dry matter of leaves (DML), dry matter of stems (DMS), total dry matter (DMT) and leaf/stem ratio (L/S) were assessed. Irrigation management influences the production of the assessed forage species only in dry seasons. Urochloa brizantha is the most recommended forage for the Cerrado-Pantanal ecotone region, due to its high forage production, especially when it comes to sheets. In dry seasons, P. purpureum has increased DMT under an irrigated system, but with lower L/S ratio.

Currently, cowpea growing covers three Brazilian regions, making essential the investigation of the magnitude of genotype x environment essential for choosing the best selection strategy and recommendation of cultivars. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adaptability and phenotypic stability of semi-prostate cowpea genotypes in sites from State of Mato Grosso do Sul based on different methodologies. We conducted four value of cultivation and use testing with lines and cultivars of cowpea genotypes in the years 2005 and 2006 in the municipalities of Aquidauana, Chapadão do Sul and Dourados. The experimental design was randomized complete block with 20 treatments and four replications. The grain yield data were submitted to individual and joint analysis of variance. Subsequently, data were submitted to adaptability and stability analysis by Eberhart and Russell (1966), Yates and Cochran (1938) (traditional) and Wricke (1965) methodologies. The genotypes BRS Xiquexique, TE97-304G-12, BR 17-Gurguéia and MNC99-541F-15 are the most suitable for growing in Mato Grosso do Sul by combine high yield grain, adaptability and phenotypic stability.

Phosphorus shortage in the Savanna is one of the main limiting factors for forage production and directly responsible for the degradation of pastures in this Brazilian region. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of increasing doses of P on the initial development and forage production of four cultivars of P. maximum. The experiment was conducted during the months of December 2010 to May 2011 at Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Unit of Aquidauana-MS. It was used the completely randomized design in a factorial scheme 4x5, with four replications. The experimental unit consists of polyethylene pots with 5 L capacity arranged in countertop in greenhouse. The first factor consisted of four P. maximum cultivars (Massai, Mombaça, Ãries and Atlas), while the second factor consists of five doses of phosphorus (0, 5, 10, 30 and 45 mg dm-3). It was evaluated the following morphometric traits: plant height, length and width of the leaf blade, number of tillers, dry mass of shoot and of roots at 60 DAS. The approximate dose of 25 mg dm-3 of phosphorus provided better initial development and forage production in all cultivars evaluated of Panicum maximum. Mombaça cultivar has better initial development and forage production about to the others.

The identification of the probability distribution function for the representation of the monthly rainfall is relevant in agricultural planning, mainly regard to the establishment of crops. The aim of this work was to verify the probability distribution (exponential, gamma or normal) which best fits to data monthly rainfall of 14 sites in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Rainfall data of 14 stations (sites) of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul it were obtained from the National Water Agency (ANA) database, collected in the period 1975 - 2013. At each of the 168 time series of monthly rainfall was applied the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to assess the fit to probability distributions exponential, gamma and normal. The normal probability distribution presented the best fit to monthly rainfall series of Mato Grosso do Sul and it can be used for the estimation the monthly rainfall, especially in the rainy season months (October to March). The exponential probability distribution can be used for the estimation of monthly rainfall in the driest months of the year (May to September). Thus, we recommend that these distributions be used in future research, aimed to estimate the probable rainfall for the Mato Grosso do Sul State.

Adjustment of multiple linear regression equations has allowed estimating the value of a certain climatological variable according to geographical coordinates with acceptable degree of accuracy. The aim of this study was to verify if the average monthly rainfall could be estimated according to the altitude, latitude and longitude in Mato Grosso do Sul State (MS). Rainfall data of 32 stations of MS were collected from 1954 to 2013. It were formed 384 time series (12 months × 32 sites), with different numbers of years of observations in each series. On each of the 384 monthly rainfall time series it was calculated the average (a), at least 30 years of observation, forming 12 matrices 32 x 4 (32 sites x 4 variables: altitude, latitude, longitude and monthly rainfall). It was estimated for each matrix the Pearson's linear correlation coefficient among the variables, performing the multicollinearity diagnosis for each matrix. Correlations were unfolded by path analysis in direct and indirect effects and in each month it was used the multiple linear regression model. The altitude and latitude have greater effect on the spatial distribution of rainfall in MS. The multiple linear regression equations generated in this study will subsidize researches of crop zoning, indication for sowing times, irrigation, determination of yield potential, climate risks zoning and credit and agricultural insurance.

Castor has emerged as an oilseed species capable of meeting the demand of the Brazilian market. Thus, there is a need for studies to evaluate the different growing conditions that this species can be cultivated in order to subsidize their production. The study aimed to evaluate the influence of different growing conditions on agronomic performance of seven castor bean cultivars grown in Savanna-Pantanal ecotone region. The trial was conducted at Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana Campus. Treatments consisted of seven castor bean cultivars (BRS Energia, IAC-2028, IAC-Guarani, BRS Nordestina, BRS Paraguaçu, IAC-80 and IAC-226) and three growing conditions (with weed control and without topdress nitrogen; with topdress nitrogen at 80 kg ha-1 and with weed control; without weed control and absence of topdress nitrogen) in two agricultural years (2011 and 2012), arranged in randomized block design with three replications in factorial arrangement (7 x 3 x 2). The following variables were evaluated: plant height, stem diameter, number of bunches, number of fruits and fruit yield. The cultivars BRS Energia, IAC 2028, IAC Guarani and BRS Paraguaçu obtained greater fruit yield. Topdress nitrogen and weed control provided to cultivars the highest stem diameter, number of bunches, number of fruits and fruit yield.

The evaluation of the coefficient of repeatability (r) allows verify if the superiority or initial inferiority of an individual remains over the measurements, being important for genetic breading programs with forages. Thus, this research aimed to determine the minimum number of cuts for selection with greater efficiency and reliability and to phenotypic stabilization of P. maximum cultivars. The experiment was conducted during the months of September 2011 to October 2012 at the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul. It were used three P. maximum cultivars (Massai, Mombaça and Tanzânia) for evaluation of dry mass of leaves and stems and total dry mass in six cuts. From this cuts, it was estimated the coefficient of r repeatability by methods ANOVA, principal components (correlation and covariance matrices) and structural analysis, as well as the required number of cuts based on pre-established coefficients of determination (0.80, 0.85, 0.90, 0.95 and 0.99). Seven harvests are necessary to discriminate with 85% accuracy in P. maximum cultivars based on the traits dry mass of leaves, dry mass of stems and total dry mass. The exclusion of the first three harvests promotes increase in coefficients of repeatability and determination due to forage production stabilization of P. maximum cultivars.

The study of the genetic control of agronomic traits and heritage through estimates of genetic parameters of a population allows inferences about its genetic variability and which can be expected of gain with selection. Know the correlations among traits of interest for selection allows to the breeder know the degree of association among traits of economic importance, given that the selection of certain trait changes the behavior of the other. With the aim to estimate genetic parameters and identify agronomic traits correlated with the grain yield of maize hybrids, an experiment was conducted at the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul - University Unit of Aquidauana (UEMS/UUA). The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications. Treatments consisted of 20 maize hybrids. The traits evaluated were: plant height, first ear height, stem diameter, ear diameter, ear length, number of rows per ear, number of kernels per row, hundred grain weight and grain yield. The hybrids XB9010, P30F53, 20A78HX, XB6012, P3340, AG9010 and XB7253, obtained the highest grain yield and mass of one hundred grains. The population has a genetic variability and potential for selection of all traits. Based on the evaluated genetic parameters, mass of hundred grains can be used at the direct selection of genotypes with high grain yield.

The deployment of soybean under no-tillage in degraded pasture has been a trivial practice, and the efficient and rational use of fertilizers is a decisive to its economic viability factor. The objective was to evaluate the agronomic performance of six cultivars subjected to doses of basic fertilization with NPK and straw grown on Brachiaria decumbens. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Unit Aquidauna. The experimental design was a randomized block design in split plot design with four replications. The plots consisted of six soybean cultivars (NA 5909 RR, M SOY 7908 RR, BMX Magna RR, BRS 245 RR, SYN 3358 RR, BMX Potência RR) and the subplots of five doses of NPK (0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 kg ha-1). Were evaluated plant height, first pod height, number of ramifications per plant, mass of 1000 grains and grain yield. Increased doses of fertilizer caused a linear increase in all variables in all cultivars, being recommended for degraded pastures base fertilization with 400 kg ha-1 of NPK. The varieties BMX Power RR 3358 and RR SYN showed higher mass of 1000 grains and consequently higher grain yield.

In maize breeding programs can arise difficulties in relation to combination capacity studies for determination of heterotic groups, which are highly correlated with genetic divergence among the parents. The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic divergence measured for nine quantitative morphological traits in eleven single-cross hybrids of maize cultivated in the Cerrado-Pantanal ecotone. The experiment was conducted at Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul - University Unit of Aquidauana. The experimental design was a randomized blocks with four replications. At harvest time, it were measured the following traits: plant height, ear insertion height, ear length, ear diameter, stem diameter, number of kernels per rows, number of rows per ear, weight of hundred grains and grain yield. In the application of hybrids cluster technique was adopted the Mahalanobis's generalized distance as dissimilarity measure, and for establishment of similar groups was applied the Tocher's method. The results indicated the existence of genetic variability among tested hybrids. The greatest genetic divergence was observed among the pairs MAXIMUS and XB6012, implying in heterotic gains. Crossings of lines extracted from hybrids 2B587HX and XB6012 with lines obtained from the other hybrids provide greater heterosis. The traits grain yield and ear insertion height were those who more and less contributed, respectively, for genetic divergence among hybrids.

The leucaena is a leguminous that has high protein content and digestibility, can be supplied fresh or made into hay. The objective was to verify the influence of dehydration time of leaves and fine stems of leucaena and storage time on their chemical-bromatological characteristics. Cutting the fractions to be haymaking (leaves and stems smaller than one centimeter) was deposited on a plastic canvas for dehydration, being collected samples of the material at 0, 4th, 8th, 24th and 48th hours of dehydration to determine the levels of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), total carbohydrates (TC), not fibrous carbohydrates (NFC), ether extract (EE) and mineral matter (MM). The bales of hay were made using a manual baler and were kept stored in environment shaded, ventilated and protected of rain for 90 days. In that bales also were collected samples monthly to determine if occurred losses in nutritional quality. The dehydration time for 24 hours and storage for 30 days in water and allowed to dry to obtain the best chemical-bromatological composition of leucaena hay. The levels of CP, NDF, EE and MM decrease as function of drying time and storage both during the rainy as in the dry season, while the DM, TC and NFC increased due to these variables for both periods.

With the aim of to evaluate the correlation and the direct and indirect effects of morphological descriptors on oil content of castor (Ricinus communis L.) genotypes, an experiment was conducted in the agricultural years 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 at Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul - Unit of Aquidauana (UEMS/UUA). The experimental design used was randomized blocks with three replications. The treatments consisted of seven castor genotypes (BRS Energia, IAC-2028, IAC-Guarani, BRS Nordestina, BRS Paraguaçu, IAC-80 and IAC-226). The following descriptors were evaluated: plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), number of bunches (NB), number of fruits (NF), mass of fruits (MF), mass of hundred seeds (MHS) and oil content (OC). Initially, it was determined the following genetic parameters: genotypic variance, environmental variance, coefficient of experimental variation, coefficient of genotypic variation, heritability, environmental correlations, phenotypic correlations and genetic correlations. The phenotypic correlations were deployed by path analysis in estimates of direct and indirect effects, and preceded the diagnosis of multicollinearity in explanatory variables and independent explanatory variables on the OC (primary dependent variable). The results indicated that the direct and indirect selection of genotypes with plant height, stem diameter, number of bunches and mass of hundred seeds is promising to select genotypes with high oil content in castor.

The millet crop in recent decades has shown an increase in planted area, mainly in the Cerrado region. However, there are few studies related to the management and phytossociology of weeds in this culture. Thus, the objective of this research was to perform a phytosociological survey in millet under different soil managements in Savanna Sul-Mato-Grossense region. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul - Unit of Aquidauana (UEMS/UUA), in Aquidauana-MS. The area is cultivated to five years with soybeans in first crop and corn in second. The experimental design was randomized complete block in a split-plot design consisting of four blocks with four replications. In the plots were used soil preparation systems (minimum tillage and no-tillage) and in the subplots was utilized the nitrogen fertilization at 50 kg ha-1 and absence of nitrogen on millet at 25 days after emergence (DAE). Were evaluated the parameters number of species (NS), total number and dry mass of weeds (TN and DMW, respectively), dry mass of millet (DMM) and frequency (F), density (D), abundance (A) and Importance Value (IV) of weeds. The no-tillage system provided greater dry mass of weeds, whereas the nitrogen resulted in a smaller total number of weeds (TN). Cynodon dactylon and Commelina benghalensis were the most predominant species on area.

Aiming to identify quantitative descriptors directly or indirectly related to grain yield and to verify whether this relationship depends of the growth habit of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill), an experiment was conducted at Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul -Aquidauana Unit, in a soil classified as Ultisol sandy loam texture. The experimental design was randomized block with four replications. The treatments consisted of six soybean genotypes, being three determinate growth habit and three indeterminate. The following descriptors were evaluated: plant height (PH), first pod insertion height (PIH), number of ramifications per plant (NR), number of pods (NP), mass of hundred grains (MHG) and grains yield (YIE). The data of each parameter of genotypes with determinate and indeterminate growth habit for each genetic class were compared by t-test at 5% probability. The results obtained showed that genotypes with indeterminate growth habit are more productive compared to those who have determinate growth habit. It is recommended simultaneous selection of the descriptors NP and NR for genotypes with determinate growth habit and PH, NP and NR for genotypes with indeterminate growth.

A adubação foliar com silício tem promovido diversas ações benéficas às plantas, dentre elas está a maior tolerância à deficiência hídrica, contudo, para a cultura da soja, são escassas informações destes benefícios nesta condição. Assim, objetivou-se, neste estudo, avaliar o efeito da aplicação de silício, via foliar, no acúmulo de massa seca da soja em seus estádios reprodutivos, onde a cultura sofreu deficiência hídrica durante os mesmos. O experimento foi realizado no setor de Fitotecnia da Unidade Universitária de Aquidauana - Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso em parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. As parcelas foram representadas pela cultivar de soja 5DR615, as subparcelas consistiram na aplicação (com e sem) de silício, cuja fonte utilizada foi o KSi. Mensurou-se a altura e identificou-se o estádio de desenvolvimento de todas as plantas, separando-as em haste + ramos, folhas + pecíolos, cápsulas de vagens e sementes, para avaliação quanto ao acúmulo de matéria seca. Em condições de déficit hídrico, a aplicação foliar de silício na soja proporcionou um desenvolvimento normal das plantas, gerando maior acúmulo de massa seca de haste + ramos, folhas + pecíolos, cápsulas de vagens e sementes durante toda sua fase reprodutiva, sendo os maiores valores obtidos no estádio R6 (35 dias após R2).

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito do sombreamento e o incrustamento de sementes sobre o desenvolvimento inicial de cultivares de Panicum maximum. O experimento foi realizado no ano de 2011 no setor de Fitotecnia da Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Unidade de Aquidauana, sendo o solo da área classificado como Argissolo Vermelho Amarelo distrófico. Foram utilizadas sementes convencionais, com alta pureza física, e sementes incrustadas compostas de material colante de macro e micronutrientes. Utilizaram-se três cultivares de P. maximum: Tanzânia, Mombaça e Massai. Os ambientes de cultivo consistiram de pleno sol (A1) e casa de vegetação com 50% de sombreamento (A2). Por não haver repetições dos ambientes, cada um foi considerado um experimento. Para cada ambiente de cultivo, foi adotado o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 x 3 (dois tipos de sementes x três cultivares), com quatro repetições, realizando análises de variâncias individuais e análise conjunta dos experimentos para a comparação dos ambientes de cultivo. Foram avaliados os seguintes caracteres morfogênicos: altura da planta (AP), comprimento da lâmina foliar (CLF), número de perfilho (NP), aos 27, 40 e 54 dias após a semeadura (DAS), e massa de matéria seca da parte aérea (MSA) e das raízes (MSR) aos 60 DAS. O ambiente A2 proporcionou melhor desenvolvimento às cultivares de P. maximum. O tratamento com sementes revestidas não influenciou as variáveis mensuradas, com exceção do NP. A cultivar Mombaça apresentou melhor desenvolvimento em relação às demais, porém, para o parâmetro NP, a cultivar Massai obteve os maiores valores.

Diversos trabalhos têm demonstrado o efeito benéfico da adubação com silício sobre o acréscimo da produção de diversas culturas, como, por exemplo, arroz, batata e cana-de-açúcar. Entretanto, são escassas as informações sobre os benefícios nutricionais do silício para a cultura do milho. Desta forma, objetivou-se, neste estudo, avaliar o efeito da aplicação de silício, via foliar, nas características agronômicas e na produtividade do milho, cultivado no ano agrícola 2012 na região do cerrado de Mato Grosso do Sul. O experimento foi realizado no setor de Fitotecnia da Unidade Universitária de Aquidauana - Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, sendo o solo da área classificado como Argissolo Vermelho Amarelo distrófico. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial (11 x 2), com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram compostos pela combinação entre adubação foliar com silício (com e sem) e onze híbridos (MAXIMUS, FÓRMULA TL, STATUS TL, 2B655, 30A91, 2B433, 30A37, 30A95, 2B604 , 2B587 e 20A55). Os resultados indicam não haver interação entre os híbridos e a adubação foliar com silício, sendo os híbridos FÓRMULA TL, MAXIMUS, STATUS TL e 2B655 os mais produtivos nas condições impostas no experimento.

Nas técnicas de manejo adotadas na cultura do milho, como espaçamento entre linhas e diferentes densidades de plantas, se faz necessário para avaliar as cultivares, uma vez que novos genótipos disponíveis no mercado são mais produtivos em relação aos mais antigos, onde tais técnicas têm como finalidade o aumento de produtividade. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da combinação entre diferentes espaçamentos entre linhas e híbridos de milho na produtividade da cultura na Região de Cerrado do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. O experimento foi realizado na Unidade Universitária de Aquidauana - Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, sendo o solo da área classificado como Argissolo Vermelho Amarelo distrófico. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial (6 x 2), com quatro repetições.Os tratamentos foram compostos pela combinação entre seis híbridos (AG 9040, DKB 330, Pioneer 30F35, 2B707, 2B688 e 2B433) e dois espaçamentos entre linhas (0,45 e 0,90 m). Posterior a semeadura, foram avaliados: altura de plantas, diâmetro do colmo e a produtividade de grãos e seus compostos. Os resultados apresentaram que nas avaliações realizadas não houve interação entre os híbridos e espaçamentos e que no aumento do espaçamento promoveu aumento do comprimento e do número de fileiras da espiga. Entretanto, quando utilizado menor espaçamento entre linhas houve acréscimo na produtividade.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o desempenho germinativo de sementes comuns, escarificadas e revestidas de diferentes espécies de Brachiaria spp. e Panicum spp. Foram utilizadas sementes forrageiras das seguintes espécies: braquiária (B. decumbens, B. humidicola e B. brizantha cv. Piatã) e cultivares de Panicum maximum (Mombaça, Tanzânia e Massai). Para as sementes comuns foi realizada apenas a retirada das impurezas, submetendo-as duas vezes ao soprador. As sementes foram escarificadas por meio de ácido sulfúrico (H2SO4) e o revestimento utilizando cal, gesso, cola, macro e micronutrientes. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi um fatorial 6x3 (seis forrageiras e três tratamentos de sementes), constituindo 18 tratamentos, com quatro repetições de 100 sementes, distribuídas inteiramente ao acaso, aplicando-se o teste de Tukey (p

Cada vez mais fertilizantes são importados, fato que faz com que o uso de dejetos tratados seja alternativa econômica e sustentável para a produção de forragens. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de diferentes doses de biofertilizante de aves sobre a produção de forragem de cultivares de Brachiaria brizantha(Hochst.) Stapf. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial. O primeiro fator consistiu nos cultivares Marandu e Piatã de B. brizantha, enquanto o segundo fator correspondeu às doses de biofertilizante de aves (0, 50, 100 e 150 m3 ha-1). Foram avaliados os seguintes caracteres morfométricos: altura de planta (AP), comprimento da lâmina foliar (CLF), largura da lâmina foliar (LLF) aos 15, 30, 45 e 60 dias após a emergência (DAE), e massa de matéria verde e seca (MV e MS, respectivamente) das folhas, colmo e raízes aos 60 DAE. A dose de 50 m3 ha-1de biofertilizante de aves promoveu incrementos nas características morfométricas e produção de forragem dos cultivares Marandu e Piatã, enquanto doses de 100 e 150 m3 ha-1 ocasionaram a morte desses cultivares.