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DRESS syndrome (rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms) is an uncommon and severe drug-induced reaction.An 8-year-old boy was diagnosed with tonsillopharyngitis, and treatment with amoxicillin was started. One day later, he presented bilateral malar rash which evolved to generalized erythroderma in two days. He was referred to the emergency room and then he was discharged after the treatment with amoxicillin was discontinued. Five days later, he still had fever, progressive facial and acral edema, and ecchymotic lesions. The laboratory studies showed 6220 leukocytes/mm3 (970 eosinophils/mm3). The pharyngeal culture tested positive to human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6). The fever, rash and edema disappeared with supportive measures. Based on the results of the allergy tests, a diagnosis of delayed reaction to aminopenicillin associated to HHV-6 mimicking DRESS syndrome was made, with the recommendation to avoid penicillin antibiotics.The diagnosis of delayed reactions to aminopenicillin and DRESS syndrome requires a high index of suspicion in order to promptly withdraw the offending medication and to avoid delays in the diagnosis.Antecedentes: El síndrome DRESS (erupción que cursa con eosinofilia y síntomas sistémicos) es una reacción inducida por fármacos poco frecuente y grave. Caso clínico: Niño de ocho años a quien se prescribió tratamiento con amoxicilina debido a diagnóstico de amigdalofaringitis. Un día después del inicio del medicamento, el paciente presentó erupción malar bilateral que evolucionó a eritrodermia generalizada en dos días. Fue derivado al servicio de urgencias donde se interrumpió el tratamiento con amoxicilina y fue dado de alta. Cinco días después, todavía tenía fiebre, edema facial y acral progresivo y lesiones equimóticas. Los estudios de laboratorio mostraron 6220 leucocitos/mm3 (970 eosinófilos/mm3). El cultivo faríngeo fue positivo al virus de herpes humano 6. La fiebre, la erupción y el edema desaparecieron con medidas de apoyo. Con base en los resultados de las pruebas de alergia, se realizó un diagnóstico de reacción tardía a la aminopenicilina asociada con herpesvirus de humano 6 que simulaba síndrome DRESS. La recomendación fue evitar los antibióticos con penicilina. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico de reacciones tardías a la aminopenicilina y el síndrome DRESS requieren un alto índice de sospecha para retirar rápidamente la medicación desencadenante y evitar retrasos en el diagnóstico.

Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome is a rare disorder that is characterized, in its full form, by recurrent facial nerve palsy, fissured tongue, and orofacial edema. Most cases present as oligosymptomatic or monosymptomatic forms. Its etiology is still unknown and its course is chronic and it may be progressive.We present the case of a nine-year-old girl with recurrent episodes of peripheral facial nerve palsy. During the study, lip edema, benign migratory glossitis, and angular cheilitis were observed, which is why a clinical diagnosis of Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome was made.This syndrome must be considered in the differential diagnosis with the presence of acute peripheral facial nerve palsy and/or facial edema due to its behavior and progressive evolution.Antecedentes: El síndrome de Melkersson-Rosenthal es una entidad poco frecuente caracterizada, en su forma completa, por parálisis facial recurrente, lengua fisurada y edema orofacial. La mayoría de los casos se presentan como formas oligosintomáticas y monosintomáticas. Su etiología es aún desconocida y tiene un curso crónico que puede ser progresivo. Caso clínico: Presentamos el caso de una niña de nueve años de edad con episodios recurrentes de parálisis facial periférica. Durante su estudio se observó edema labial, glositis migratoria benigna y queilitis angular, por lo que se formuló el diagnóstico clínico de síndrome de Melkersson-Rosenthal. Conclusión: Debemos considerar este síndrome dentro del diagnóstico diferencial ante la presencia de parálisis facial periférica recurrente o edema facial, debido a su comportamiento y evolución progresiva.

Antecedentes: El síndrome de Melkersson-Rosenthal es una entidad poco frecuente caracterizada, en su forma completa, por parálisis facial recurrente, lengua fisurada y edema orofacial. La mayoría de los casos se presentan como formas oligosintomáticas y monosintomáticas. Su etiología es aún desconocida y tiene un curso crónico que puede ser progresivo. Caso clínico: Presentamos el caso de una niña de nueve años de edad con episodios recurrentes de parálisis facial periférica. Durante su estudio se observó edema labial, glositis migratoria benigna y queilitis angular, por lo que se formuló el diagnóstico clínico de síndrome de Melkersson-Rosenthal. Conclusiones: Debemos considerar este síndrome dentro del diagnóstico diferencial ante la presencia de parálisis facial periférica recurrente o edema facial, debido a su comportamiento y evolución progresiva.

Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a non-IgE food allergy manifesting as profuse, repetitive vomiting, sometimes with diarrhea, leading to dehydration and lethargy that can be severe and lead to shock. Despite the potential severity, awareness of FPIES is low and diagnosis is often delayed, especially in those triggered by solid foods. Presence of vomits and duration of more than 1 minute are the key differential factors to distinguish FPIES from brief resolved unexplained events. We report a case of a 6-month-old infant finally diagnosed as having kiwi induced FPIES.

Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a non-IgE food allergy manifesting as profuse, repetitive vomiting, sometimes with diarrhea, leading to dehydration and lethargy that can be severe and lead to shock. Despite the potential severity, awareness of FPIES is low and diagnosis is often delayed, especially in those triggered by solid foods. Presence of vomits and duration of more than 1 minute are the key differential factors to distinguish FPIES from brief resolved unexplained events. We report a case of a 6-month-old infant finally diagnosed as having kiwi induced FPIES.El síndrome de enterocolitis inducida por proteínas alimentarias es una alergia alimentaria no mediada por inmunoglobulina E que se manifiesta clínicamente con vómitos profusos y repetitivos, en ocasiones, asociados a diarrea, y puede llegar a asociar deshidratación y letargia, con riesgo de desarrollo de shock. A pesar de su potencial gravedad, el índice de sospecha de este síndrome es bajo, lo que demora su diagnóstico, especialmente, en aquellos casos que son desencadenados por alimentos sólidos. La presencia de vómitos y la duración de más de un minuto son los datos clave que pueden diferenciarlo de los episodios breves, resueltos e inexplicados. Se presenta el caso de una lactante de 6 meses de vida con diagnóstico final de síndrome de enterocolitis inducida por proteínas alimentarias por ingesta de kiwi.

Purpose Management of mechanical ventilation in severely obstructed patients remains controversial. Pressure-regulated volume control ventilation (PRVCV) has been suggested to be the best option, as it should ensure a prefixed tidal volume at the lowest peak inspiratory pressure. We sought to determine the accuracy of the delivered volume, compared with the programmed volume, when using PRVCV. Materials and methods Experimental work performing ventilation simulations using volume control ventilation (VCV), PRVCV, and pressure control ventilation (PCV). Each mode was tested at tidal volumes (TVs) of 200 and 500 mL at both low and high airway resistance. Evita XL and Servo-i ventilators were used. Results At 200 ml TV with high resistance, volume delivered with Evita XL was 165 mL (95% confidence interval, 158-169) in VCV, 117 mL (95% confidence interval, 117-120) in PCV, and 120 (95% confidence interval, 115-121) in PRVCV (P < .001). Volume delivered with Servo-i was 133 mL (95% confidence interval, 130-136) in VCV, 108 mL (95% confidence interval, 104-111) in PCV, and 104 (95% confidence interval, 101-108) in PRVCV (P < .001). Conclusions In high-resistance simulations, the delivered volume was lower when using PCV or PRVCV modes than VCV mode. Pressure control ventilation or PRVCV may fail to provide programmed TV, ultimately leading to hypoventilation of the patient.

RESUMEN Las bronquiectasias son un problema de salud en paises desarrollados y en vias de desarrollo. La fibrosis quistica es una causa importante, si bien fuera de esta existen causas que convierten a las bronquiectasias no relacionadas con fibrosis quistica en un diagnostico frecuente. Su diagnostico precoz basado en la clinica y posterior confirmacion radiologica es el punto de partida para determinar la etiologia e instaurar un tratamiento dirigido a la causa subyacente. Para ello es menester una evaluacion ordenada y sistematica. Se presenta una revision sobre la etiologia y tratamiento de las bronquiectasias, especialmente de las no relacionadas con fibrosis quistica. Palabras clave: bronquiectasias, fibrosis quistica, antibioticos, infeccion bronquial, diagnostico. SUMMARY Bronchiectasis is still an important health problem in both, developed and developing countries. Cystic fibrosis is one of the most important causes, but a great variety of other causes makes non cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis a relatively frequent diagnosis. Early diagnosis based on medical history and radiological confirmation is only the starting point to determine the specific etiology, in order to establish a treatment focused on the underlying cause. For this purpose, an orderly and systematic diagnostic evaluation is required. A review article about bronchiectasis, particularly those not related to cystic fibrosis

SCIWORA is an uncommon syndrome affecting mainly children and is defined as the occurrence of acute spinal cord injury despite normal plain radiography and normal computed tomography (CT). Lumbar SCIWORA is very rare in children, and to our knowledge, there is only one report of lumbar SCIWORA in the literature. We present the case of a 5 year-old boy who suffered acute bilateral lower limbs paralysis, associated to urinary and bowel incontinence following a 1.5 meter fall. Lumbar cord contusion could be demonstrated on MRI without other radiologic abnormalities, which confirmed SCIWORA diagnosis. Our case report illustrates the potential seriousness of this disease and the importance of a thorough and accurate clinical history for diagnosis.

Congenital absence of the posterior arch of the atlas (C1) is rare and even more presenting with a double spinous apophysis of the axis (C2). It is important to keep in mind these cervical congenital abnormalities when evaluating an acute neck trauma because of the possibility of making an erroneous diagnosis of a fracture. This case report is about a 13-year-old boy in the context of a traffic accident who presented both abnormalities, a combination that to our knowledge has not been reported previously in the literature. Language: en