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La plasticidad fenotípica es una propiedad que tiene el cultivo de frijol, como respuesta a estímulos ambientales incluida la fertilización nitrogenada. Esta planta es endémica de México y existen múltiples variantes genéticas, las cuales se adaptan a los diferentes climas y microclimas del país. Respecto al Valle de Tehuacán, Puebla, es considerado el centro de origen de la agricultura en Mesoamérica, porque en él se datan los restos más antiguos de maíz y frijol. Así el objetivo fue: evaluar la plasticidad fenotípica de un frijol de los Valles Centrales de Oaxaca, cuando es sembrado en el Valle de Tehuacán Puebla. La investigación se llevó a cabo bajo condiciones de campo en Tehuacán, Puebla. El germoplasma fue el cultivar. Rocha, que corresponde a un frijol de semilla negra y crecimiento indeterminado. Los tratamientos consistieron en cuatro niveles de nitrógeno 0; 50; 100 y 150 kg ha-1 y cuatro repeticiones, que se evaluaron bajo un diseño de bloques completos al azar. Las variables de respuesta fueron: unidades SPAD, rendimiento de semilla, biomasa seca total, índice de cosecha, unidades calor, evapotranspiración e incidencia de la bacteriosis del frijol. Los resultados indican que el mayor rendimiento agronómico fue en los tratamientos T2 y T1 con: 8.74 y 7.09 g planta-1, mientras que el rendimiento biológico mayor fue 22.15 g planta-1, para el tratamiento T2. La integral térmica fue 1 322 UC, mientras que la evapotranspiración total fue 217.94 mm. Así la mayor incidencia del tizón ocurrió en el testigo con 1.23%. Se concluye, que el cv. Rocha puede ser una alternativa de producción en el Valle de Tehuacán.

The phenomena of drought is common in the world, particularly in Pakistan. Drought in Pakistan has been studied in terms of its spatial and temporal variability, as well as its impact on the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle. The objectives of this study are to identify homogeneous rainfall regions and their trend regions, as well as the impact of ENSO cycle. For the analysis, 44 meteorological sites during 1980–2019 are used for monthly rainfall data. The descriptive and exploratory statistics tests (e.g., Pettitt and Mann-Kendall—MK), Sen method, and cluster analysis (CA) are implemented with the annual Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). The ENSO occurrences were classified based on the Oceanic Nio Index (ONI) for region 3.4. Using the Cophenetic Correlation Coefficient (CCC) and a significance level of 5%, seven approaches were applied to the pluviometric dataset. The CCC > 0.9082 indicates that the Complete approach is the best. According to the CA method, Pakistan has four homogenous rainfall groups (G1, G2, G3, and G4). Descriptive and exploratory statistics yielded lower values for G1 than for the other groups. Pettitt's technique identified the most extreme El Niño years in terms of the drought's spatial and temporal variability. According to the Pettitt test, the wettest months were March, August, September, June, and December. Non-significant increases in Pakistan's annual rainfall were found in the MK test, with exceptions in the southern and northern regions, respectively. No significant rise in Pakistan's rainfall was found using Sen's Sen's approach, especially in the G2, G3, and G4 regions. The severity of the drought in Pakistan is made worse by months, homogeneous groups of rainfall, and El Niño events, all of which require public officials' attention while managing water resources, agriculture, and the country's economy.

Con el objetivo de conocer el efecto de cuatro niveles de fósforo sobre el cultivo de girasol, aquenios del cv. Victora fueron sembrados a una densidad de 6.25 plantas m-2, en Tehuacán Puebla, México, en camas de siembra de 25 m de largo y 1.5 m de ancho. La fertilización para Nitrógeno y potasio fue (100-00-50) Kg ha-1. Los tratamientos fueron cuatro niveles de fósforo: 0, 50, 100, 150 que fueron evaluados bajo un diseño de bloques completos al azar y tres repeticiones (4x3)=12 unidades experimentales. Las variables respuesta fueron: rendimiento agronómico y biológico, índice de cosecha y eficiencia en el uso del agua para rendimiento agronómico y biológico. Los resultados indicaron que el mayor rendimiento biológco, agronómico y eficiencia en el uso del agua ocurren con la aplicación de 150 kg ha-1 de fósforo. De este trabajo se puede concluir, que el fosforo es un macroelemento esencial para el girasol, cuando este se siembra bajo las condiciones del valle de Tehuacán Puebla, México.

El tomate es la hortaliza de fruto más cultivadas a nivel mundial. De esta existen múltiples genotipos, que están genéticamente creados para condiciones ambientales muy específicas, por ello es importante conocer el comportamiento postcosecha de los frutos, que resultará en el cultivar mejor recomendado para cada región. El objetivo general fue: realizar la caracterización fisicoquímica y postcosecha de tres genotipos de jitomate, cultivados bajo condiciones de invernadero, en Tehuacán Puebla, México. La investigación se llevó a cabo en laboratorio. Los genotipos fueron: Merlisse, Maxcesa y Komet tipo bola, cultivados bajo invernadero. Las variables respuesta fueron: diámetro ecuatorial y polar, dinámica del peso de fruto, color de fruto, firmeza, contenido de Ca++ y K+ y vida postcosecha. El diseño utilizado fue completamente aleatorizado, cuyos tratamientos fueron los cultivares y siete repeticiones (3 x 7)= 21 unidades experimentales. Los resultados indican, que el mayor diámetro ecuatorial y polar así como pérdida de peso, fueron en Maxcesa, mientras que Komett, presentó la mayor firmeza y contenido de Ca++ y K+, siendo este último quien presentó la mayor vida de anaquel. De esta investigación se puede concluir, que el cultivar Komett, es quien mejor se adapta a las condiciones del valle de Tehuacán, Puebla.

Decarbonization of ports is a major goal to reduce their global carbon footprint. The port of Hvide Sande is located on the coast of the North Sea in Denmark and it has the potential to utilize various renewable energy sources. Wind and solar thermal parks are already installed there. Wave energy is an alternative to solar and wind energies and its advantage is the spatial concentration, predictability, and persistence. Heat to the town is provided by Hvide Sande Fjernvarme. In this work, it is investigated if the heat demand could be fully covered by renewable energies. Power profiles for each renewable energy resource were calculated using 30 years of re-analysis environmental data. Long, mid, and short term time series of power supply has been statistically and quantitatively examined. Considering the heat demand of Hvide Sande, the lowest frequency of zero occurrence in power generation can be ensured by the combination of wind, solar energy and wave. The article also estimated the capacity for Lithium-ion batteries. The optimal size of the battery is found by the bisection method. Finally, different combinations of renewable energy and demand as well as batteries are evaluated. The lowest zero occurrences in power production is met by the mix of three renewable energies. Also, the mix of three renewable energies significantly reduces the value of energy, required from the battery.

Summary Background PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors are active in metastatic urothelial carcinoma, but positive randomised data supporting their use as a first-line treatment are lacking. In this study we assessed outcomes with first-line pembrolizumab alone or combined with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy for patients with previously untreated advanced urothelial carcinoma. Methods KEYNOTE-361 is a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial of patients aged at least 18 years, with untreated, locally advanced, unresectable, or metastatic urothelial carcinoma, with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of up to 2. Eligible patients were enrolled from 201 medical centres in 21 countries and randomly allocated (1:1:1) via an interactive voice-web response system to intravenous pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks for a maximum of 35 cycles plus intravenous chemotherapy (gemcitabine [1000 mg/m2] on days 1 and 8 and investigator's choice of cisplatin [70 mg/m2] or carboplatin [area under the curve 5] on day 1 of every 3-week cycle) for a maximum of six cycles, pembrolizumab alone, or chemotherapy alone, stratified by choice of platinum therapy and PD-L1 combined positive score (CPS). Neither patients nor investigators were masked to the treatment assignment or CPS. At protocol-specified final analysis, sequential hypothesis testing began with superiority of pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in the total population (all patients randomly allocated to a treatment) for the dual primary endpoints of progression-free survival (p value boundary 0·0019), assessed by masked, independent central review, and overall survival (p value boundary 0·0142), followed by non-inferiority and superiority of overall survival for pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy in the patient population with CPS of at least 10 and in the total population (also a primary endpoint). Safety was assessed in the as-treated population (all patients who received at least one dose of study treatment). This study is completed and is no longer enrolling patients, and is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov , number NCT02853305 . Findings Between Oct 19, 2016 and June 29, 2018, 1010 patients were enrolled and allocated to receive pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy (n=351), pembrolizumab monotherapy (n=307), or chemotherapy alone (n=352). Median follow-up was 31·7 months (IQR 27·7–36·0). Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy did not significantly improve progression-free survival, with a median progression-free survival of 8·3 months (95% CI 7·5–8·5) in the pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy group versus 7·1 months (6·4–7·9) in the chemotherapy group (hazard ratio [HR] 0·78, 95% CI 0·65–0·93; p=0·0033), or overall survival, with a median overall survival of 17·0 months (14·5–19·5) in the pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy group versus 14·3 months (12·3–16·7) in the chemotherapy group (0·86, 0·72–1·02; p=0·0407). No further formal statistical hypothesis testing was done. In analyses of overall survival with pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy (now exploratory based on hierarchical statistical testing), overall survival was similar between these treatment groups, both in the total population (15·6 months [95% CI 12·1–17·9] with pembrolizumab vs 14·3 months [12·3–16·7] with chemotherapy; HR 0·92, 95% CI 0·77–1·11) and the population with CPS of at least 10 (16·1 months [13·6–19·9] with pembrolizumab vs 15·2 months [11·6–23·3] with chemotherapy; 1·01, 0·77–1·32). The most common grade 3 or 4 adverse event attributed to study treatment was anaemia with pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy (104 [30%] of 349 patients) or chemotherapy alone (112 [33%] of 342 patients), and diarrhoea, fatigue, and hyponatraemia (each affecting four [1%] of 302 patients) with pembrolizumab alone. Six (1%) of 1010 patients died due to an adverse event attributed to study treatment; two patients in each treatment group. One each occurred due to cardiac arrest and device-related sepsis in the pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy group, one each due to cardiac failure and malignant neoplasm progression in the pembrolizumab group, and one each due to myocardial infarction and ischaemic colitis in the chemotherapy group. Interpretation The addition of pembrolizumab to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy did not significantly improve efficacy and should not be widely adopted for treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma. Funding Merck Sharp and Dohme, a subsidiary of Merck, Kenilworth, NJ, USA.

Purpose Self-administration of topical ophthalmic therapies remains challenging for many patients as errors due to improper technique are common. The aim of the current studies was to evaluate a novel electromechanical topical ocular drug delivery device designed to facilitate precise dosing and accurate delivery with substantially lower drug exposure than conventional eye drops. Patients and methods Two randomized Phase 1 studies were performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a single dose of a topical ophthalmic solution administered as a ~9 μL microfluid stream via the test device compared with a ~30-40 μL drop delivered via conventional dropper in healthy subjects (Trial 1) and glaucoma patients (Trial 2). In Trial 1, a 1% tropicamide/2.5% phenylephrine solution was administered via the test device in one eye and by conventional dropper in the contralateral eye. Pupil dilation was measured at 30 min intervals post-instillation and subject comfort was assessed using a visual analogue scale (range, 0-100). In Trial 2, patients were randomized to receive latanoprost 0.005% via the test device or conventional dropper. Intraocular pressure was measured at baseline and 4-8 hrs post-instillation. Results In Trial 1 (N=20), mean (SD) pupil diameter 30 mins post-instillation increased by 3.4 (0.9) and 3.5 (1.0) mm in the test and control eyes, respectively. The mean comfort score was 81.7 for the test device versus 57.3 for conventional dropper delivery. In Trial 2 (N=18), the mean change in intraocular pressure following administration of latanoprost was -5.0 (1.8) and -4.3 (3.3) mm Hg in the test and control groups, respectively. No serious adverse events were observed in either study. Conclusion Administration of a single dose of topical ophthalmic therapy via an electromechanical drug delivery device resulted in comparable effects on pupil dilation and intraocular pressure with lower drug exposure and increased patient comfort compared with conventional dropper delivery.

Introduction Iatrogenic Cushing syndrome (CS) is typically due to systemic corticosteroids. Less frequently, it can be caused by inhaled, ocular, intra-articular, and topical glucocorticoids. There are multiple reported cases of pediatric CS due to topical corticosteroids, this is partly due to this patient's population thinner dermis which allows for higher absorption. In adults, there are few reported cases of iatrogenic CS secondary to Clobetasol, one of the highest potency topical steroids available. We present a unique case of severe Iatrogenic CS secondary to topical Triamcinolone in a patient with no medications that could interfere with glucocorticoid metabolism. Case A 30-year-old-female with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and psoriatic arthritis was admitted with generalized psoriatic lesions affecting 70% of her body surface area (BSA) and non-healing open wounds affecting two thirds of her upper legs. The leg wounds had failed to improve after seven washouts and three skin grafts in the course of four months. Additionally, she reported recent weight gain and a new diagnosis of hypertension. Pertinent physical exam findings included moon facies, dorsocervical fat pad, acanthosis nigricans, and open wounds in 67% of bilateral upper legs. Subsequently, her cortisol was found to be 1.2 mg/dL (6.2-19.4 mg/dL) with an ACTH level of 1.2 pg/mL (7.2-63.3 pg/mL). ACTH stimulation test confirmed adrenal insufficiency. The only medication she was prescribed for psoriasis at the time of admission was 0.1% Triamcinolone cream. She had been applying the steroid to over 50% of her BSA, including open wounds, for the past four months. Upon admission, Triamcinolone was discontinued, and she was started on cyclosporine and a TNF inhibitor for psoriasis management as well as oral hydrocortisone for adrenal insufficiency. Three months later, during her last office visit, her facial rounding and plethora, dorsocervical fat pad and hypertension had moderately improved. Discussion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of adult iatrogenic CS secondary to topical Triamcinolone in the absence of any drug-drug interaction. Purser et al reported Triamcinolone induced CS in an HIV patient taking Ritonavir, a cytochrome P450 inhibitor that increases the amount of active steroid. Our patient had increased absorption due to the application of the cream to a large BSA and to open wounds. The two main factors that determine the development of iatrogenic CS are the potency of the glucocorticoids and the duration of exposure. The pathophysiology of wound healing in CS has been well studied and reported, therefore, the objective of this report is to understand how a relatively benign topical medication can have detrimental systemic effects. Presentation: Monday, June 13, 2022 12:30 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.

La conflictividad dentro de los centros educativos cada día se hace mucho más común y es necesario tomar acciones para poder solventarlo a tiempo antes de que tenga consecuencias significativas y eventos de violencia. Por ese motivo se presenta la siguiente investigación, la cual pretender estudiar el impacto de las herramientas didácticas de responsabilidad individual y social y la educación en valores en la clase de educación física, y actividades cooperativas. Se tomó una muestra de 15 alumnos de 2.º de la ESO entre 13 y 16 años los cuales aceptaron a participa de manera voluntaria. A estos alumnos se les aplicó un pre y post test instrumento validado utilizado para el área de educación física, la versión española del “Cuestionario de Responsabilidad Personal y Social” en contextos de Educación Física, aplicación que valora la responsabilidad tanto personal como social del alumnado en las actividades de educación física. Después de ser aplicado el pretest, se diseñó e implementó una situación de aprendizaje de 5 sesiones, fundamentadas en actividades cooperativas y como herramienta la responsabilidad individual y social y la educación en valores del modelo de Hellison (MRPS), al concluir se les aplicó el post test, comparándose los resultados antes y después de la aplicación de la situación de aprendizaje utilizando el programa SPSS y constatándose una mejora, en términos generales, tanto en la responsabilidad personal como social por parte del alumnado participante. ABSTRACT. Conflict within schools every day becomes much more common and it is necessary to take action to resolve a time before it has significant consequences and violence. Why the next research is presented, which aims to study the impact of the didactic tools of individual and social responsibility and education in values in the physical education class, and cooperative activities. A sample of 15 students from 2nd year of ESO between 13 and 16 years old was taken. Which accepted a participation on a voluntary basis. These students were given a posttest of a validated instrument for the physical education area, the Spanish version of the "Personal and Social Responsibility Questionnaire" in Physical Education contexts, an application that values the personal and social responsibility of the students in the physical education activities. After the pre-test was applied, a learning situation of 5 sessions was 3 designed and implemented, the cooperation activities were based, and the individual and social responsibility and values education of the Hellison model (MRPS) were used. applied the post test, comparing the results before and after the application of a learning program using the SPSS program and confirming an improvement, in general terms, both in personal and social responsibility by the participating students.