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Abstract Background A genomic region on chromosome 9p21 has been identified as closely associated with increased susceptibility to coronary artery disease (CAD) and to type 2 diabetes (T2D) although the evidence suggests that the genetic variants within chromosome 9p21 that contribute to CAD are different from those that contribute to T2D. We carried out an association case-control study in an Italian population to test the association between two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the 9p21 locus, rs2891168 and rs10811661, previously reported by the PROCARDIS study, and respectively myocardial infarction (MI) and T2D. Our aim was to confirm the previous findings on a larger sample and to verify the independence of their susceptibility effects: rs2891168 associated with MI but not with T2D and rs10811661 associated with T2D but not with MI. Methods Genomic DNA samples of 2407 Italians with T2D (602 patients), who had had a recent MI (600), or had both diseases (600) and healthy controls (605) were genotyped for the two SNPs. The genotypes were determined by allelic discrimination using a fluorescent-based TaqMan assay. Results SNP rs2891168 was associated with MI, but not with T2D and the G-allele odds ratio (OR) was 1.20 (95% CI 1.02-1.41); SNP rs10811661 was associated with T2D, but not with MI, and the T-allele OR was 1.27 (95% CI 1.04-1.55). ORs estimates from the present study and the PROCARDIS study were pooled and confirmed the previous findings, with greater precision. Conclusions Our replication study showed that rs2891168 and rs10811661 are independently associated respectively with MI and T2D in an Italian population. Pooling our results with those reported by the PROCARDIS group, we also obtained a significant result of association with diabetes for rs10811661 in the European population.

Background: A genomic region on chromosome 9p21 has been identified as closely associated with increased susceptibility to coronary artery disease (CAD) and to type 2 diabetes (T2D) although the evidence suggests that the genetic variants within chromosome 9p21 that contribute to CAD are different from those that contribute to T2D. We carried out an association case-control study in an Italian population to test the association between two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the 9p21 locus, rs2891168 and rs10811661, previously reported by the PROCARDIS study, and respectively myocardial infarction (MI) and T2D. Our aim was to confirm the previous findings on a larger sample and to verify the independence of their susceptibility effects: rs2891168 associated with MI but not with T2D and rs10811661 associated with T2D but not with MI. Methods: Genomic DNA samples of 2407 Italians with T2D (602 patients), who had had a recent MI (600), or had both diseases (600) and healthy controls (605) were genotyped for the two SNPs. The genotypes were determined by allelic discrimination using a fluorescent-based TaqMan assay. Results: SNP rs2891168 was associated with MI, but not with T2D and the G-allele odds ratio (OR) was 1.20 (95% CI 1.02-1.41); SNP rs10811661 was associated with T2D, but not with MI, and the T-allele OR was 1.27 (95% CI 1.04-1.55). ORs estimates from the present study and the PROCARDIS study were pooled and confirmed the previous findings, with greater precision. Conclusions: Our replication study showed that rs2891168 and rs10811661 are independently associated respectively with MI and T2D in an Italian population. Pooling our results with those reported by the PROCARDIS group, we also obtained a significant result of association with diabetes for rs10811661 in the European population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The trials comparing Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Injection (CSII) with Multiple Daily Injections (MDI) in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) have been mainly focused on easily measurable outcomes such as glycated haemoglobin. Nevertheless, their relative benefits in terms of flexibility of lifestyle and quality of life (QoL) have been seldom investigated. Aim of this ease-control study was to compare QoL and treatment satisfaction in a large sample of patients treated with either CSII or MDI. On the occasion of a routine visit, patients completed the Diabetes-Specific Quality-of-Life Scale (DSQOLS), the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire, and the SF-36 Health Survey. All the scores ranged between 0 and 100, with higher scores indicating better QoL/higher satisfaction. Overall, 62 diabetes clinics enrolled 1341 patients, of whom 481 treated with CSII (cases) and 860 treated with MDI (controls). The prevalence of females was higher among cases than controls (57% vs. 46%; p<0.0001). The former also had a longer diabetes duration (18±10 years vs. 15±10 years; p<0.0001) and suffered more often from eye complications (32% vs. 22%; p<0.0001) and renal complications (11% vs. 6%; p=0.0007). No difference emerged in terms of age, school education, occupation, and HbA1c levels. At multivariate analysis, after adjusting for socioeconomic and clinical characteristics, cases showed significantly higher scores than controls in the following areas of the DSQOLS: diet restrictions (β=9.96; p<0.0001), daily hassles (β=3.57; p=0.01), fears about hypoglicemia (β=3.88; p=0.006), and preference-weighted treatment satisfaction score (β=0.87; p=0.0025). Treatment with CSII was also associated with a markedly higher DTSQ score (β=11.5; p<0.0001) as compared with MDI. Finally, the DTSQ score of patients treated with CSII was significantly higher than that of patients treated with MDI including insuline glargine or NPH (p<0.0001 for both comparisons). In conclusion, patients treated with CSII have a lower perception of burdens and restrictions and a substantially higher treatment satisfaction than patients treated with MDI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]