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This study assesses the safety and efficacy of thin-strut stents in non-left main (non-LM) bifurcation coronary lesions.Thinner struts of recent drug-eluting stent (DES) devices are associated with improved outcomes, but data about their performance in challenging scenarios are scant.RAIN was a retrospective multicenter registry enrolling patients with coronary bifurcation lesions or left main (LM) disease treated with thin-strut DESs. Target-lesion revascularization (TLR) was the primary endpoint, while major adverse clinical event (MACE) rate, a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), target-vessel revascularization (TVR), TLR, and stent thrombosis (ST), and its single components were the secondary endpoints. Multivariable analysis was performed to identify predictors of TLR. Outcome incidences according to stenting strategy (provisional vs 2-stent technique), use of final kissing balloon (FKB), and intravascular ultrasound/optical coherence tomography optimization were further investigated in prespecified subanalyses.A total of 1803 patients (59% acute coronary syndrome, 41% stable coronary artery disease) with non-LM bifurcations were enrolled. After a median follow-up of 12 months, TLR incidence was 2.5% (2.2% for provisional stenting and 3.5% for 2-stent technique). MACE rate was 9.4% (all-cause death, 4.1%; MI, 3.2%; TVR, 3.7%; definite ST, 1.1%). After multivariable adjustment, postdilation (hazard ratio [HR], 0.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15-0.71; P.01) and provisional stenting (HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.55-0.89; P=.03) were associated with lower TLR rates. FKB was associated with a lower incidence of TLR in the 2-stent subgroup (P=.03). Intracoronary imaging had no significant impact on the primary endpoint.Thin-strut DES options represent an effective choice in bifurcation lesions. Postdilation and provisional stenting are associated with a reduced risk of TLR. FKB should be recommended in 2-stent techniques.

Creativity is increasingly recognized as a valuable resource for individuals in their daily problem solving and to face the new challenges characterizing the society of the future. However, empirical evidences show that the developmental course of creative abilities is not at all linear but it is subject to peaks and slumps, which are particularly evident starting from primary school. Among the psychological variables related to creativity, the current research focuses on trait Emotional Intelligence (EI) defined as a constellation of emotional self-perceptions and behavioural dispositions and assessed via self-report. The first aim of this study was to highlight how the potential creativity of primary school children may be increased through a new teaching action, based on the training of several cognitive and metacognitive abilities related to creative thinking, whose efficacy was measured through the Evaluation of Potential Creativity (EPoC, Lubart, Besançon & Barbot, 2011). In addition, our second goal was to explore the relationship between the training of creativity and trait EI. The new training has been provided to 488 subjects (221 females; Mage = 9.25, SD = 0.75) from three different Italian regions. The results of test-retest show an improvement of children’s creative performance in integrative abilities (i.e., ability to produce original contents), with no differences between boys and girls, whereas in the divergent ability an increment emerged from EPoC only starting from abstract stimuli, again regardless of gender. Interestingly, children who presented lower levels of trait EI have benefited more from training, in terms of enhancing cognitive skills related to creative productions. These results provide an empirical basis on the benefits of using a multivariate approach for the enhancement of creative thinking in primary school, taking into account both cognitive and emotional variables for the development of children’s creative potential.

This document is the technical specification to qualify a copper electrodeposition process to be used for manufacturing of electrodeposited parts both for SPIDER and MITICA experiments. This document describes in detail the following steps: 1. Coupon geometries definition; 2. Electrodeposition process steps; 3. Qualification tests.

Purpose: Patients with patent foramen ovale (PFO) and cryptogenic ischemic stroke (CS) are at risk for stroke recurrence. The optimal antithrombotic strategy in patients who undergo medical management is still debated. Methods: We systematically searched the literature for studies that reported on cerebrovascular event recurrences and/or death in patients with PFO treated with oral anticoagulation (OAC) or antiplatelet therapy (APT) for secondary prevention of CS. The efficacy endpoints were stroke recurrence and the composite of stroke, transient ischemic attack or all-cause death. Major bleedings represented the safety endpoint. Results: A total of 16 studies with 3953 patients (OAC = 1527, APT = 2426) were included. Weighted mean follow-up was 2.9 years. OAC was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of stroke compared with APT (RR 0.65; 95% CI 0.44–0.95; ARR 2%, NNT 49), while no difference was found regarding the composite outcome (RR 0.78; 95% CI 0.57–1.07) and the safety outcome (RR 1.57; 95% CI 0.85–2.90; p = 0.15). Conclusions: OAC was more effective than APT in reducing the risk of stroke recurrence in patients with PFO and CS, without a significant increase in the risk of major bleedings. Our findings support the need for further randomized data focused on the comparison of antithrombotic strategies in this setting. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

This document represents deliverable D1.5.6 of the Specific Contract F4E-OFC-531-02 - Neutral Beam Test Facility Diagnostics, Task Order No.2: SPIDER Diagnostics #2 and MITICA Diagnostics #1. The final design and specification, layout, list of components, installation and commissioning of the Beam Tomography diagnostic for SPIDER are reported.

Observation of a transient, in Cs-free regime and long term NIO1 operation, led to the development of stabilization techniques, including conditioning (with oxygen or other gases, as argon, nitrogen, and xenon), interleaved with days of use of H2 as a process gas. Stabilization of transients gave more H- current and less plasma luminosity. After installation of a cesium oven, some additional increase (up to a factor of 2 reaching an average about 50 A/m2) of current was observed, but effect saturates at a moderate oven reservoir temperature. Obtained beam optics will be compared with theoretical expectation and old results in the Cs-free regime in similar conditions (as source voltage, often set to 11 kV). In both regimes, central beamlet apparent density is larger, possibly because a bias plate BP mask reduces side ones. Further improvements including long term conditioning of oven, modification of BP mask and of Cs pipe nozzle (with supporting simulations) are discussed.

The aim of this work was to investigate a possible relation between creativity, evaluated using a divergent thinking task, and the process of producing new and original fairy tales in children aged between 6 and 12 years. Results show that high basic skills, in terms of fluency and originality, predict the fairy tales' degree of creativity. Thus, very creative children are able to revise in an innovative way some typical elements belonging to the fairy tale storytelling, in order to produce original stories never told before.

L’obiettivo di questo studio pilota era indagare se ci fosse un’interdipendenza tra il grado di creatività, valutato mediante un compito di pensiero divergente, e il pro- cesso di ideazione di nuove fiabe in bambini di età scolare (6-12 anni). I risultati mostrano che elevate competenze di base dei bambini, in termini di fluenza e originalità, predicono il livello di creatività delle fiabe da loro prodotte. I bambini con un elevato potenziale cre- ativo sono quindi in grado di rielaborare alcuni elementi tipici della narrazione fiabesca, riadattandoli in modo innovativo, al fine di generare storie originali mai narrate prima.

This document represents deliverable D1.3.6of the Specific Contract F4E-OFC-531-02-Neutral Beam Test Facility Diagnostics, Task Order No.2: SPIDER Diagnostics #2 and MITICA Diagnostics #1.The final design and specification, layout, list of components, installation and commissioning of STRIKE diagnostic for SPIDER is reported, particularly the embedded sensors and ex-vacuum-part, procured within this contract.

This document represents deliverable D2.2.3 of the Specific Contract F4E-OFC-531-02 - Neutral Beam Test Facility Diagnostics, Task Order No.2: SPIDER Diagnostics #2 and MITICA Diagnostics #1. The final design and as built drawings of the electrostatic probe prototypes for MITICA beamline componentsare reported, together with documentation of the manufacturing phase and the verifications and tests meant to qualify and finalize the design before series production.

The ITER project requires, for plasma heating and current drive, at least two Neutral Beam Injectors (NBIs), each accelerating up to 1MV a 40A beam of negative deuterium ions, so as to deliver to the plasma a power of about 33 MW for one hour. Since these requirements have never been experimentally met, it was recognized necessary to build-up a test facility, named PRIMA (Padova Research on ITER Megavolt Accelerator), which includes both a full-size negative ion source (SPIDER - Source for Production of Ion of Deuterium Extracted from RF plasma) and a prototype of the whole ITER injector (MITICA - Megavolt ITER Injector & Concept Advancement). This realization is made with the main contribution of the European Union, through the Joint Undertaking for ITER (F4E), the ITER Organization and Consorzio RFX (Italy) which hosts the Test Facility. The paper describes the main metrology activities performed in the last three years devoted to the integration and installation of the large number of items and plant units composing the PRIMA facility. Particular emphasis is given to the propaedeutic activities consisting mainly in the definition of the metrology network (the so called Unified Spatial Metrology Network - USMN). The USMN is a feature of the Spatial Analyzer software (SA) compliant with the ISO standard that using the Montecarlo method is capable to reduce the global measurement uncertainty. The method is based on the installation and measurement of a large number of fiducial points (approximately one hundred targets, properly designed and installed on the PRIMA building pillars and floors). For PRIMA, some local USMN networks have been built up at different locations (for example inside both the SPIDER and MITICA bio-shields and inside each building) combined eventually in the definition of the PRIMA USMN network. This approach allowed the definition of the global reference frame (absolute coordinate system) to be used for the positioning of all items, while respecting the uncertainty requirements of each component by means of technologically advanced laser trackers. In the paper some instances will be given like the positioning of the transmission line and the high voltage bushing support structure for MITICA, the vacuum vessel and the beam source for SPIDER.

This document reports on the joint experiments carried out at NIFS finalized to further advance the understanding of source plasma physics by measurement of the positive and negative ion energy distributions. NIFS test stand is among the best diagnosed ion sources for negative hydrogen ion beams in the world, and routinely operates low-divergence beamlets at SPIDER-relevant ion energy range. Two newly developed compact diagnostics (gridded retarding field energy analysers) were constructed and installed at the upstream surface of the plasma grid, commissioned, and used to characterize the plasma source with and without caesium. The trends and the ion energy distributions were analysed and a correlation with the source parameters was attempted.

The full-size ITER ion source prototype SPIDER has recently started beam operation; goal parameters: 100keV, 60A negative hydrogen-like ions for one hour. The source is presently operated in volume regime and the beam power is consequently limited. In such configuration, the high resolution calorimeter STRIKE, even though uncooled, may be used instead of the SPIDER beam dump without limiting the beam-on time. STRIKE is formed by unidirectional carbon fiber-carbon matrix (CFC) composite tiles which are exposed to the beam while their temperature is recorded by two infra-red cameras. This setup, thanks to the moderate broadening of the temperature profile guaranteed by the anisotropy of CFC, allows for the determination of detailed features of the beam current distribution (spatial resolution is about 2 mm). Furthermore, positively biasing the CFC tiles permits a direct electrical measurement of the negative ion beam current. Besides the total beam current and beam uniformity, which can be retrieved both by calorimetry and electrical measurement, beamlet divergence and deflection can be determined by infra-red thermography. This contribution describes the characterization of the SPIDER negative ion beam as a function of the source and accelerator parameters by means of the diagnostic calorimeter STRIKE in the volume regime.

This document presents advances in the design of the CNESM neutron diagnostic for SPIDER. It is submitted as Progress Report P1.1 of subtask T3.5 of the F4E contract F4E-RFX-PMS_A-WP-2017. This is an update of the previous version, RFX_SPIDER_TN_169_r5, submitted as deliverable of the F4E contract F4E-RFX-PMS_A-WP-2016. This report describes the design of the CNESM diagnostic for SPIDER. The active part of the diagnostic is constituted by the nGEM detector whose design is fully described here together with all the services that are needed for its operation (gas system, HV system and DAQ system). The test of nGEM detector prototypes are described in report RFX_SPIDER_TN_170_r6. The report comprises the design of the detector box together with its integration with the beam dump and acceptance criteria (mainly concerning vacuum sealing), its installation/removal procedures and all the related services. The system design progressed in 2017 in the following areas: - Completion of the CNESM engineering design related to: - definition and production of the final patch panel for signals and threshold settings, - Installation of the nGEM detector and related facilities in the detector box - - - Purchase of a fast plastic scintillator in order to perform a time resolved neutron yield measurement in SPIDER as a benchmark for the measurement performed by the nGEM The main changes made in this version of the Report can be found in paragraph 8, 9 and 10. Risk management was also addressed. No major cause of concern could be foreseen.

During 2019, severalexperimentshave evidenced anadverseeffect of the magnetic Filter Field (FF) on the plasma behaviour in the SPIDER negative ion source. This effect has been ascribedto a particular feature of the FF topologyin the plasma volume inside the radio frequency (RF) driver coils. Thisdocumentdescribesthe design and optimization ofa newlayout of the Plasma Grid (PG) current bus-barswhich implements a different FF topology insidethe RF driverregion (and behind), while keeping almost unchanged in the plasma expansion and accelerator regions.

In the present work, we used the eye-tracking methodology to investigate how affective reactions influence investment decision making. In addition, we looked at individual differences in terms of people's sensitivity to affective information and how efficiently they regulate it, that is, trait emotional intelligence. We demonstrated that people who are more sensitive to affective information have larger pupil dilation when looking at the past performance of a stock fund. In addition, we also found that participants' larger pupil dilation had an impact on their investment decisions (whether people were more likely to sell their shares, hold on to the investment, or buy more shares). A larger pupil dilation led people to be more consistent and willing to invest more money on a fund regardless from its past performance (positive or negative). We also tested the hypothesis that individuals with a larger pupil dilation should be more influenced by a fund's past performance (e.g., selling their shares more often when the past performance of the fund was negative and buying additional shares more often when the past performance was positive). However, results did not support this explanation. Finally, our data revealed that the effect of individual differences in trait emotional intelligence on investment decisions was significantly mediated by pupil dilation. In the discussion, we explored the relationship between our results and previous evidence on the role of pupil dilation in processing information under uncertainty and the role of affect in decision making.