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1. Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay with Germanium Detectors: 1026 yr and Beyond

Author

Valerio D’Andrea, Natalia Di Marco, Matthias Bernhard Junker, Matthias Laubenstein, Carla Macolino, Michele Morella, Francesco Salamida, and Chiara Vignoli

Subjects
germanium detector, neutrino, neutrinoless double beta decay, Elementary particle physics, QC793-793.5
Abstract

In the global landscape of neutrinoless double beta (0νββ) decay search, the use of semiconductor germanium detectors provides many advantages. The excellent energy resolution, the negligible intrinsic radioactive contamination, the possibility of enriching the crystals up to 88% in the 76Ge isotope as well as the high detection efficiency, are all key ingredients for highly sensitive 0νββ decay search. The Majorana and Gerda experiments successfully implemented the use of germanium (Ge) semiconductor detectors, reaching an energy resolution of 2.53 ± 0.08 keV at the Qββ and an unprecedented low background level of 5.2×10−4 cts/(keV·kg·yr), respectively. In this paper, we will review the path of 0νββ decay search with Ge detectors from the original idea of E. Fiorini et al. in 1967, to the final recent results of the Gerda experiment setting a limit on the half-life of 76Ge 0νββ decay at T1/2>1.8×1026 yr (90% C.L.). We will then present the LEGEND project designed to reach a sensitivity to the half-life up to 1028 yr and beyond, opening the way to the exploration of the normal ordering region.

Published
2021
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2. GERDA and LEGEND: Probing the Neutrino Nature and Mass at 100 meV and beyond

Author

Carla Maria Cattadori and Francesco Salamida

Subjects
Majorana neutrino, neutrino mass, GERDA, double beta decay, germanium, LEGEND, Elementary particle physics, QC793-793.5
Abstract

The Gerda (GERmanium Detector Array) project, located at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), was started in 2005, a few years after the claim of evidence for the neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ) of 76Ge to the ground state of 76Se: it is an ultra-rare process whose detection would directly establish the Majorana nature of the neutrino and provide a measurement of its mass and mass hierarchy. The aim of Gerda was to confirm or disprove the claim by an increased sensitivity experiment. After establishing the new technology of Ge detectors operated bare in liquid Argon and since 2011, Gerda efficiently collected data searching for 0νββ of 76Ge, first deploying the 76Ge-enriched detectors from two former experiments and later new detectors with enhanced signal-to-background rejection, produced from freshly 76Ge-enriched material. Since then, the Gerda setup has been upgraded twice, first in 2013–2015 and later in 2018. The period before 2013 is Phase I and that after 2015 is Phase II. Both the Gerda setup and the analysis tools evolved along the project lifetime, allowing to achieve the remarkable average energy resolution of ∼3.6 and ∼2.6 keV for Coaxial Germanium (Coax) detectors and for Broad Energy Germanium (BEGe), respectively, and the background index of 5.2−1.3+1.6 · 10−4 cts/(keV·kg·yr) in a 230 keV net range centered at Qββ. No evidence of the 0νββ decay at Qββ = 2039.1 keV has been found, hence the limit of 1.8·1026 yr on the half-life (T1/20ν) at 90% C.L. was set with the exposure of 127.2 kg·yr. The corresponding limit range for the effective Majorana neutrino mass mee has been set to 79–180 meV. The Gerda performances in terms of background index, energy resolution and exposure are the best achieved so far by 76Ge double beta decay experiments. In Phase II, Gerda succeeded in operating in a background free regime and set a world record. In 2017, the Legend Collaboration was born from the merging of the Gerda and Majorana Collaborations and resources with the aim to further improve the Gerda sensitivity. First, the Legend200 project, with a mass of up to 200 kg of 76Ge-enriched detectors, aims to further improve the background index down to 10−3 cts/(keV·kg·yr) to explore the Inverted Hierarchy region of the neutrino mass ordering, then the Legend1000 (1 ton of 76Ge-enriched) will probe the Normal Hierarchy. In this paper, we describe the Gerda experiment, its evolution, the data analysis flow, a selection of its results and technological achievements, and finally the design, features and challenges of Legend, the Gerda prosecutor.

Published
2021
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3. Probing hadronic interactions using the latest data measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

Caterina Trimarelli, Pedro Abreu, Marco Aglietta, Ingomar Allekotte, Kévin Almeida Cheminant, Alejandro Almela, Jaime Alvarez-Muniz, Juan Ammerman Yebra, Gioacchino Alex Anastasi, Luis A. Anchordoqui, Belén Andrada, Sofia Andringa, Carla Aramo, Paulo Ricardo Araújo Ferreira, Enrico Arnone, Juan Carlos Arteaga Velazquez, Hernán Gonzalo Asorey, Pedro Assis, Gualberto Avila, Emanuele Avocone, Alina Mihaela Badescu, Alena Bakalova, Alexandru Balaceanu, Felicia Barbato, Jose A. Bellido, Corinne Berat, Mario Edoardo Bertaina, Gopal Bhatta, Peter L. Biermann, Virginia Binet, Kathrin Bismark, Teresa Bister, Jonathan Biteau, Jiri Blazek, Carla Bleve, Johannes Blümer, Martina Bohacova, Denise Boncioli, Carla Bonifazi, Luan Bonneau Arbeletche, Nataliia Borodai, Jeffrey Brack, Thomas Bretz, P. Gabriel Brichetto Orchera, Florian Lukas Briechle, Peter Buchholz, Antonio Bueno, Stijn Buitink, Mario Buscemi, Max Büsken, Anthony Bwembya, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Lorenzo Caccianiga, Ioana Caracas, Rossella Caruso, Antonella Castellina, Fernando Catalani, Gabriella Cataldi, Lorenzo Cazon, Marcos Cerda, Jose Augusto Chinellato, Jiří Chudoba, Ladislav Chytka, Roger W Clay, Agustín Cobos Cerutti, Roberta Colalillo, Alan Coleman, Maria Rita Coluccia, Rúben Conceição, Antonio Condorelli, Giovanni Consolati, Fernando Contreras, Fabio Convenga, Diego Correia dos Santos, Corbin Covault, Markus Cristinziani, Sergio Dasso, Kai Daumiller, Bruce R. Dawson, Jarryd A. Day, Rogerio M. de Almeida, Joaquin de Jesus, Sijbrand J. de Jong, João de Mello Neto, Ivan De Mitri, Jaime de Oliveira, Danelise de Oliveira Franco, Francesco de Palma, Vitor de Souza, Emanuele De Vito, Antonino Del Popolo, Olivier Deligny, Luca Deval, Armando di Matteo, Madalina Dobre, Carola Dobrigkeit, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, Luis Miguel Domingues Mendes, Rita Cassia dos Anjos, Maria Teresa Dova, Jan Ebr, Mohamed Eman, Ralph Engel, Italo Epicoco, Martin Erdmann, Carlos O. Escobar, Alberto Etchegoyen, Heino Falcke, John Farmer, Glennys R. Farrar, Anderson Campos Fauth, Norberto Fazzini, Fridtjof Feldbusch, Francesco Fenu, Brian Fick, Juan Manuel Figueira, Andrej Filipcic, Thomas Fitoussi, Tomáš Fodran, Toshihiro Fujii, Alan Fuster, Cristina Galea, Claudio Galelli, Beatriz García, Hartmut Gemmeke, Flavia Gesualdi, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, Piera Luisa Ghia, Ugo GIACCARI, Marco Giammarchi, Jonas Glombitza, Fabian Gobbi, Fernando Gollan, Geraldina Golup, Mariano Gómez Berisso, Primo F. Gómez Vitale, Juan Pablo Gongora, Juan Manuel González, Nicolas Martin Gonzalez, Isabel Goos, Dariusz Gora, Alessio Gorgi, Marvin Gottowik, Trent D. Grubb, Fausto Guarino, Germano Guedes, Eleonora Guido, Steffen Traugott Hahn, Petr Hamal, Matías Rolf Hampel, Patricia María Hansen, Diego Harari, Violet M. Harvey, Andreas Haungs, Thomas Hebbeker, Dieter Heck, Carlos Hojvat, Jörg R. Hörandel, Pavel Horvath, Miroslav Hrabovsky, Tim Huege, Antonio Insolia, Paula Gina Isar, Petr Janecek, Jeffrey A. Johnsen, Jakub Jurysek, Alex Kääpä, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Bianca Keilhauer, Abha Khakurdikar, Varada Varma Kizakke Covilakam, Hans Klages, Matthias Kleifges, Jonny Kleinfeller, Felix Knapp, Norbert Kunka, Bruno L. Lago, Niklas Langner, Marcelo Augusto Leigui de Oliveira, Vladimir Lenok, Antoine Letessier-Selvon, Isabelle Lhenry-Yvon, Domenico Lo Presti, Luis LOPES, Rebeca López, Lu Lu, Quentin Luce, Jon Paul Lundquist, Allan Machado Payeras, Giovanni Mancarella, Dusan Mandat, Bradley C. Manning, Julien Manshanden, Paul Mantsch, Sullivan Marafico, Federico Maria Mariani, Analisa Mariazzi, Ioana Maris, Giovanni Marsella, Daniele Martello, Sara Martinelli, Oscar Martínez Bravo, Miguel Alexandre Martins, Massimo Mastrodicasa, Hermann-Josef Mathes, James Matthews, Giorgio Matthiae, Eric William Mayotte, Sonja Mayotte, Peter Mazur, Gustavo Medina-Tanco, Diego Melo, Alexander Menshikov, Stanislav Michal, Maria Isabel Micheletti, Lino Miramonti, Silvia Mollerach, François Montanet, Leonel Morejon, Carlo Morello, Ana L. Müller, Katharine Mulrey, Roberto Mussa, Marco Stein Muzio, Wilson M. Namasaka, Alina Nasr-Esfahani, Lukas Nellen, Gabriela Nicora, Mihai Niculescu-Oglinzanu, Marcus Niechciol, Dave Nitz, Ian Norwood, Dalibor Nosek, Vladimír Novotný, Libor Nozka, Achille Nucita, Luis A. Nunez, Cainã Oliveira, Miroslav Palatka, Juan Pallotta, Gonzalo Parente, Alejandra Parra, Jannis Pawlowsky, Miroslav Pech, Jan Pękala, Rodrigo Pelayo, Edyvania Emily Pereira Martins, Johnnier Perez Armand, Carmina Pérez Bertolli, Lorenzo Perrone, Sergio Petrera, Camilla Petrucci, Tanguy Pierog, Mário Pimenta, Manuel Platino, Bjarni Pont, Mart Pothast, Paolo Privitera, Michael Prouza, Andrew Puyleart, Sven Querchfeld, Julian Rautenberg, Diego Ravignani, Maximilian Reininghaus, Jan Ridky, Felix Riehn, Markus Risse, Vincenzo Rizi, Washington Rodrigues de Carvalho, Jorge Rubén Rodriguez Rojo, Matías J. Roncoroni, Simone Rossoni, Markus Roth, Esteban Roulet, Adrian Rovero, Philip Ruehl, Alexandra Saftoiu, Mohit Saharan, Francesco Salamida, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, Gaetano Salina, Jose Sanabria Gomez, Federico Andrés Sánchez, Edivaldo Moura Santos, Eva Santos, Fred Sarazin, Raul Sarmento, Ricardo Sato, Pierpaolo Savina, Christoph M. Schäfer, Viviana Scherini, Harald Schieler, Martin Schimassek, Michael Schimp, Felix Schlüter, David Schmidt, Olaf Scholten, Harm Schoorlemmer, Petr Schovanek, Frank G. Schröder, Josina Schulte, Tobias Schulz, Sergio J Sciutto, Marina Scornavacche, Alberto Segreto, Srijan Sehgal, Shima Ujjani Shivashankara, Guenter Sigl, Gaia Silli, Octavian Sima, Raluca Smau, Radomir Smida, Paul Sommers, Jorge F. Soriano, Ruben Squartini, Maximilian Stadelmaier, Denis Stanca, Samo Stanič, Jaroslaw Stasielak, Patrick Stassi, Maximilian Straub, Alexander Streich, Mauricio Suárez-Durán, Tristan Sudholz, Tiina Suomijarvi, A. Daniel Supanitsky, Zbigniew Szadkowski, Alex Tapia, Carla Taricco, Charles Timmermans, Olena Tkachenko, Petr Tobiska, Carlos J. Todero Peixoto, Bernardo Tomé, Zoé Torrès, Andres Travaini, Petr Travnicek, Matias Jorge Tueros, Ralf Ulrich, Michael Unger, Lukáš Vaclavek, Martin Vacula, Jose F. Valdés Galicia, Laura Valore, Enrique Varela, Adriana Vásquez-Ramírez, Darko Veberic, Cynthia Ventura, Indira D. Vergara Quispe, Valerio Verzi, Jakub Vicha, Jacco Vink, Serguei Vorobiov, Hernan Wahlberg, Clara Keiko Oliveira Watanabe, Alan Watson, Andreas Weindl, Lawrence Wiencke, Henryk Wilczyński, David Wittkowski, Brian Wundheiler, Alexey Yushkov, Orazio Zapparrata, Enrique Zas, Danilo Zavrtanik, Marko Zavrtanik, and Lukas Zehrer

Published
2022
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4. An overview of physics teacher professional development activities organized within the Italian PLS-Physics plan over the past five years

Author

Marisa Michelini, Massimiliano Malgieri, Olindo Corradini, Ilaria De Angelis, Lidia Falomo Bernarduzzi, Marco Giliberti, Stefania Pagliara, Maura Pavesi, Carlo Sabbarese, Francesco Salamida, Samuele Straulino, Josette Immè, Joan BORG MARKS Pauline GALEA Suzanne GATT David SANDS, Michelini, M., Malgieri, M., Corradini, O., De Angelis, I., Bernarduzzi, L. F., Giliberti, M., Pagliara, S., Pavesi, M., Sabbarese, C., Salamida, F., Straulino, S., and Imme, J.

Subjects
History, Lauree Scientifiche Formazione Insegnanti, Computer Science Applications, Education
Abstract

The Italian PLS-“Piano Lauree Scientifiche” project has among its objectives the improvement of school-university cooperation, with a special emphasis on in-service teacher professional development. In pursuit of such goal, growing resources and an increasing effort to strengthen the collaboration with schools have been employed in the past years. A working group within the physics section of the PLS project has developed a questionnaire to inquire about teacher formation activities organized during the past five years. After extensive revision and testing, the university network of PLS-Physics was asked to fill the questionnaire. The resulting data from 139 initiatives provides an interesting perspective on the kind of activities, organizational choices and educational priorities for teacher professional development within the PLS-physics project.

Published
2022

5. Recent results from prototypes of the Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Telescopes (FAST) in both hemispheres

Author

Toshihiro Fujii, Justin Albury, Fraser Bradfield, Jose A. Bellido, Ladislav Chytka, John Farmer, Petr Hamal, Pavel Horvath, Miroslav Hrabovsky, Hiromu Iwasaki, Vlastimil Jilek, Jakub Kmec, Jiri Kvita, Max Malacari, Dusan Mandat, Massimo Mastrodicasa, John N. Matthews, Stanislav Michal, Hiromu Nagasawa, Hiroki Namba, Xiaochen Ni, Libor Nozka, Tomohiko Oka, Miroslav Palatka, Miroslav Pech, Paolo Privitera, Petr Schovanek, Francesco Salamida, Radomir Smida, Zuzana Svozilikova, Stan B. Thomas, Akimichi Taketa, Kenta Terauchi, Petr Travnicek, and Martin Vacula

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

The origin and nature of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) are of uppermost importance in astroparticle physics. Motivated by the need for an unprecedented aperture for further advancements, the Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Telescopes (FAST) is a prospective next-generation, ground-based UHECR observatory that aims to cover an enormous area by deploying a large array of low-cost fluorescence telescopes. The full-scale FAST prototype consists of four 20 cm photomultiplier tubes at the focus of a segmented mirror 1.6 m in diameter. Three FAST prototypes have been installed at the Telescope Array Experiment in Utah, USA, and two prototypes at the Pierre Auger Observatory in Mendoza, Argentina, commencing remote observation of UHECRs in both hemispheres. We report on recent results of the full-scale FAST prototypes operated in both hemispheres, including telescope calibrations, atmospheric monitoring, ongoing electronics upgrades, development of sophisticated reconstruction methods and UHECR detections.

Published
2023
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6. Potential for atmospheric monitoring using FAST telescopes

Author

Vlastimil Jilek, Dusan Mandat, Francesco Salamida, and Zuzana Svozilikova

Subjects
History, Computer Science Applications, Education
Abstract

The Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Telescopes (FAST) is a design for a next-generation ground-based ultra-high energy cosmic ray observatory, addressing the requirements for a large-area, low-cost detector suitable for measuring the properties of the highest energy cosmic rays with an unprecedented aperture. Three telescope prototypes are installed nearby the fluorescence telescopes of Telescope Array and one prototype is located at the Pierre Auger Observatory. Apart from detecting cosmic ray showers, the FAST prototypes offer the possibility of detecting laser pulses from atmospheric facilities such as CLF. The first part of the contribution describes the theoretical modeling of the photon scattering processes for different atmospheric models, and the raytracing of photons from the laser shot to and inside the FAST telescope. Simulations will be performed for different types of scattering conditions dependent on e.g. the size of the scattering centers or other parameters such as humidity. The ultimate goal is to create a software tool simulating the measured signals in the FAST telescopes from distant laser shots with proper treatment of light propagation trough the atmosphere and trough the detector. Such simulation toolkit for FAST prototypes at the Pierre Auger Observatory will benefit from existing attempts done for the Telescope Array site. Another part of the contribution will concern the real data of the observed CLF shots by the FAST prototypes both at the Pierre Auger Observatory and Telescope Array. Moreover, we can focus on the comparison of measured CLF shots by FAST prototype with the available data recorded by the full-scale fluorescence telescopes of the Pierre Auger Observatory.

Published
2022
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7. Latest results of ultra-high-energy cosmic ray measurements with prototypes of the Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Telescopes (FAST)

Author

Akimichi Taketa, Massimo Mastrodicasa, Petr Hamal, Seiya Nozaki, Stanislav Michal, Radomir Smida, John Farmer, Paolo Privitera, Miroslav Palatka, Toshihiro Fujii, P. Travnicek, Tomohiko Oka, Dusan Mandat, Jose A. Bellido, Martin Vacula, Jiri Kvita, Stan B. Thomas, Miroslav Hrabovsky, Petr Schovanek, Libor Nozka, Justin M. Albury, Seokhyun Yoo, Miroslav Pech, Hidetoshi Kubo, Xiaochen Ni, John N. Matthews, Pavel Horvath, Ladislav Chytka, Max Malacari, Francesco Salamida, and Kenta Terauchi

Subjects
Astroparticle physics, Physics, Pierre Auger Observatory, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), business.industry, Aperture, Segmented mirror, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, Observatory, law, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, business, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract

The origin and nature of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) remain an open question in astroparticle physics. Motivated by the need for an unprecedented aperture for further advancements, the Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Telescopes (FAST) is a prospective next-generation, ground-based UHECR observatory that aims to cover a huge area by deploying a large array of low-cost fluorescence detectors. The full-scale FAST prototype consists of four 20 cm photomultiplier tubes at the focus of a segmented mirror 1.6 m in diameter. Over the last five years, three prototypes have been installed at the Telescope Array Experiment in Utah, USA, and one prototype at the Pierre Auger Observatory in Mendoza, Argentina, commencing remote observation of UHECRs in both hemispheres. We report on the latest results of these FAST prototypes, including telescope calibrations, atmospheric monitoring, ongoing electronics upgrades, development of sophisticated reconstruction methods, and UHECR detections., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, Proceedings of the 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2021)

Published
2021
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8. Measurement of the cosmic-ray energy spectrum above 2.5×1018 eV using the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

Jaroslaw Stasielak, Ana Martina Botti, Marcus Niechciol, Alberto Daniel Supanitsky, Alexey Yushkov, Petr Schovánek, Pavel Horváth, Pedro Assis, Nataliia Borodai, Luis Lopes, Luis Nunez, Carla Bleve, Alberto Blanco, Katharine Mulrey, Antonella Castellina, Francesca Zuccarello, Felicia Carla Tiziana Barbato, Emanuele De Vito, Jose Alfredo Bellido Caceres, Fausto Guarino, Jeffrey Brack, Kai Daumiller, Dariusz Gora, Christian Sarmiento-Cano, Alessio Gorgi, Peter Biermann, Teresa Bister, LORENZO CACCIANIGA, Beatriz Garcia, Bruce Dawson, Alena Bakalova, MASSIMO MASTRODICASA, Edivaldo Moura Santos, Stijn Buitink, Bernardo Tomé, Ana Laura Müller, Mario BUSCEMI, Francesco Salamida, Johannes Hulsman, Henryk Wilczyński, Michael Unger, Ronald Cintra Shellard, Miguel Mostafa, Achille Nucita, Frederic Sarazin, Paul Mantsch, Ruben Conceição, Roger Clay, Lukáš Václavek, Giovanni Marsella, Markus Roth, Jakub Jurysek, Lorenzo Cazon, Eva Dos Santos, Corbin Covault, Francesco Fenu, Dalibor Nosek, Rossella Caruso, Alexandra Saftoiu, Tim Huege, Antonio CONDORELLI, Orazio Zapparrata, Jaime Alvarez-Muniz, Denise Boncioli, Guillermo Torralba Elipe, Martin Erdmann, Bruno Lazarotto Lago, Carlos José Todero Peixoto, Geraldina Golup, Jan Pękala, Maximilian Stadelmaier, Raul Sarmento, Enrique Varela, Antoine Letessier selvon, Vincenzo Rizi, Eleonora Guido, Pedro T. Abreu, Rafael Alves Batista, Arjen Van Vliet, and Jan Ebr

Subjects
Pierre Auger Observatory, Physics, Spectral index, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Hadron, Flux, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Flattening, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Anisotropy, Zenith
Abstract

We report a measurement of the energy spectrum of cosmic rays for energies above 2.5×1018 eV based on 215,030 events recorded with zenith angles below 60°. A key feature of the work is that the estimates of the energies are independent of assumptions about the unknown hadronic physics or of the primary mass composition. The measurement is the most precise made hitherto with the accumulated exposure being so large that the measurements of the flux are dominated by systematic uncertainties except at energies above 5×1019 eV. The principal conclusions are(1) The flattening of the spectrum near 5×1018 eV, the so-called "ankle,"is confirmed.(2) The steepening of the spectrum at around 5×1019 eV is confirmed.(3) A new feature has been identified in the spectrum: in the region above the ankle the spectral index γ of the particle flux (∝E-γ) changes from 2.51±0.03 (stat)±0.05 (syst) to 3.05±0.05 (stat)±0.10 (syst) before changing sharply to 5.1±0.3 (stat)±0.1 (syst) above 5×1019 eV.(4) No evidence for any dependence of the spectrum on declination has been found other than a mild excess from the Southern Hemisphere that is consistent with the anisotropy observed above 8×1018 eV.

Published
2020
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9. Features of the Energy Spectrum of Cosmic Rays above 2.5×1018 eV Using the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

Jaroslaw Stasielak, Ana Martina Botti, Marcus Niechciol, Alberto Daniel Supanitsky, Alexey Yushkov, Petr Schovánek, Toshihiro Fujii, Pavel Horváth, Pedro Assis, Nataliia Borodai, Luis Lopes, Luis Nunez, Carla Bleve, Alberto Blanco, Katharine Mulrey, Antonella Castellina, Francesca Zuccarello, Felicia Carla Tiziana Barbato, Emanuele De Vito, Jose Alfredo Bellido Caceres, Fausto Guarino, Jeffrey Brack, Kai Daumiller, Dariusz Gora, Christian Sarmiento-Cano, Carola Dobrigkeit Chinellato, Alessio Gorgi, Peter Biermann, Teresa Bister, LORENZO CACCIANIGA, Beatriz Garcia, Bruce Dawson, Alena Bakalova, MASSIMO MASTRODICASA, Edivaldo Moura Santos, Stijn Buitink, Bernardo Tomé, Ana Laura Müller, Mario BUSCEMI, Francesco Salamida, Johannes Hulsman, Henryk Wilczyński, Michael Unger, Ronald Cintra Shellard, Miguel Mostafa, Achille Nucita, Frederic Sarazin, Paul Mantsch, Ruben Conceição, Roger Clay, Lukáš Václavek, Giovanni Marsella, Markus Roth, Jakub Jurysek, Lorenzo Cazon, Eva Dos Santos, Corbin Covault, Francesco Fenu, Dalibor Nosek, Rossella Caruso, Alexandra Saftoiu, Tim Huege, Antonio CONDORELLI, Orazio Zapparrata, Jaime Alvarez-Muniz, Denise Boncioli, Guillermo Torralba Elipe, Martin Erdmann, Bruno Lazarotto Lago, Carlos José Todero Peixoto, Geraldina Golup, Jan Pękala, Maximilian Stadelmaier, Raul Sarmento, Enrique Varela, Antoine Letessier selvon, Vincenzo Rizi, Eleonora Guido, Pedro T. Abreu, Rafael Alves Batista, Arjen Van Vliet, and Jan Ebr

Subjects
010308 nuclear & particles physics, 0103 physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences
Published
2020
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10. Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay with Germanium Detectors: 1026 yr and Beyond

Author

Matthias Laubenstein, N. Di Marco, Francesco Salamida, M. Morella, C. Macolino, V. D'Andrea, Matthias Junker, and C. Vignoli

Subjects
Particle physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, MathematicsofComputing_GENERAL, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Germanium, QC793-793.5, germanium detector, neutrinoless double beta decay, High Energy Physics - Experiment, neutrino, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Double beta decay, Beta (velocity), Sensitivity (control systems), Physics, Isotope, Elementary particle physics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Semiconductor detector, MAJORANA, TheoryofComputation_MATHEMATICALLOGICANDFORMALLANGUAGES, chemistry, Germanium detector, Neutrino, Neutrinoless double beta decay, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

In the global landscape of neutrinoless double beta ($0\nu\beta\beta$) decay search, the use of semiconductor germanium detectors provides many advantages. The excellent energy resolution, the negligible intrinsic radioactive contamination, the possibility of enriching the crystals up to 88% in the $^{76}$Ge isotope as well as the high detection efficiency, are all key ingredients for highly sensitive $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay search. The MAJORANA and GERDA experiments successfully implemented the use of germanium (Ge) semiconductor detectors, reaching an energy resolution of $2.53 \pm 0.08$ keV at the Q$_{\beta\beta}$ and an unprecedented low background level of $5.2 \times 10^{-4}$ cts/(keV$\cdot$kg$\cdot$yr), respectively. In this paper, we will review the path of $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay search with Ge detectors from the original idea of E. Fiorini et al. in 1967, to the final recent results of the GERDA experiment setting a limit on the half-life of $^{76}$Ge $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay at $T_{1/2} > 1.8 \times 10^{26}$ yr (90\% C.L.). We will then present the LEGEND project designed to reach a sensitivity to the half-life up to $10^{28}$ yr and beyond, opening the way to the exploration of the normal ordering region., Comment: 28 pages, 15 figures

Published
2021
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11. Observing ultra-high energy cosmic rays with prototypes of Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Telescopes (FAST) in both hemispheres

Author

Petr Hamal, Miroslav Palatka, Miroslav Hrabovsky, Dusan Mandat, Stanislav Michal, John Farmer, Stan B. Thomas, Jiri Kvita, Petr Schovanek, Libor Nozka, Paolo Privitera, Justin M. Albury, Radomir Smida, John N. Matthews, Ladislav Chytka, Miroslav Pech, Pavel Horvath, Xiaochen Ni, Toshihiro Fujii, Petr Travnicek, Jose A. Bellido, Martin Vacula, Massimo Mastrodicasa, Max Malacari, and Francesco Salamida

Subjects
Astroparticle physics, Physics, Pierre Auger Observatory, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Aperture, business.industry, Segmented mirror, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, Observatory, law, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, business
Abstract

The origin and nature of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) are hot topics in the astroparticle physics community. The Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Telescopes (FAST) is a design for a next-generation ground-based UHECR observatory, addressing the requirements for a large-area, low-cost detector suitable for measuring the properties of the highest energy cosmic rays with an unprecedented aperture. We have developed a full-scale prototype consisting of four 200 mm photomultiplier tubes at the focus of a segmented mirror of 1.6 m in diameter. Over the last three years, we have installed three prototypes at the Telescope Array Experiment in Utah, USA. These telescopes have been steadily taking data since installation. We report on preliminary results of the full-scale FAST prototypes, including measurements of UHECRs, and distant ultraviolet lasers used to study the atmospheric transparency. Furthermore, we discuss the installation of an additional identical FAST prototype at the Pierre Auger Observatory in Argentina. Possible benefits to the Telescope Array Experiment and the Pierre Auger Observatory include a comparison of the transparency of the atmosphere above both experiments, a study of the systematic uncertainty associated with their existing fluorescence detectors, and a cross-calibration of their energy and Xmax scales.

Published
2019
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12. Search for neutrinoless double-beta decays in Ge-76 in the LEGEND experiment

Author

Francesco Salamida

Subjects
Physics, History, Particle physics, Beta (finance), Computer Science Applications, Education
Abstract

The search for neutrinoless double-beta decay is the most sensitive technique to establish the Majorana nature of neutrinos. Two operating experiments that look for such decays in Ge-76, GERDA and MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR have achieved the lowest backgrounds and the best energy resolution in the signal region. These are two of the most important detector characteristics for sensitive searches of this undiscovered decay. The Large Enriched Germanium Experiment for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay (LEGEND) Collaboration has been formed to pursue a tonne-scale Ge-76 experiment that integrates the best technologies from these two experiments and others in the field. The Collaboration is developing a phased experimental program that uses existing resources as appropriate to expedite physics results, with the ultimate discovery potential at a decay half-life beyond 1028 years.

Published
2020
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13. Auger-TA energy spectrum working group report

Author

I. Lhenry-Yvon, Olivier Deligny, Francesco Salamida, Ioana Codrina Maris, Gordon Thomson, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, Dmitri Ivanov, Daniela Mockler, Yoshiki Tsunesada, Daisuke Ikeda, I. Valiño, Toshiyuki Nonaka, V. Verzi, Markus Roth, Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pierre Auger, Telescope Array, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)

Subjects
air, media_common.quotation_subject, QC1-999, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Monte Carlo method, energy spectrum, cosmic radiation: energy, Cosmic ray, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, law.invention, energy dependence, Telescope, Observatory, law, 0103 physical sciences, cosmic radiation: UHE, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Monte Carlo, attenuation, media_common, Pierre Auger Observatory, Physics, showers: atmosphere, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, detector: surface, Attenuation, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, suppression, energy: calibration, Computational physics, Auger, observatory, Sky, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

The energy spectrum of ultra-high energy cosmic rays is the most emblematic observable for describing these particles. Beyond a few tens of EeV, the Pierre Auger Observatory and the Telescope Array, currently being exploited, provide the largest exposures ever accumulated in the Southern and Northern hemispheres to measure independently a suppression of the intensity, in a complementary way in terms of the coverage of the sky. However, the comparison of the spectra shows differences that are not reducible to an overall uncertainty on the calibration of the energy scale used to reconstruct the extensive air showers. In line with the previous editions of the UHECR workshops, a working group common to both experiments examined these differences by focusing this time on quantification of these differences in the region of the sky commonly observed, where the spectra should be in agreement within uncertainties when directional-exposure effects are taken into account. These differences are compared with the systematic uncertainties of each experiment. We have also revisited the methods of determining cosmic-ray energies and deriving the energy spectrum. We describe the surface detector (SD) spectrum obtained adopting an energy calibration based on the constant intensity cut method (CIC), a Monte Carlo-based attenuation correction, and an energy-dependent CIC attenuation correction.

Published
2018
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14. GIGAS: a set of microwave sensor arrays to detect molecular Bremsstrahlung radiation from extensive air shower

Author

P. Repain, Ioana Codrina Maris, H. Lebbolo, M. Blanco Otano, A. Stutz, Olivier Deligny, Mariangela Settimo, I. Lhenry-Yvon, Francesco Salamida, S. Lecoz, Antoine Letessier-Selvon, P. Stassi, J. David, I. Al Samarai, François Montanet, Corinne Berat, R. Gaior, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies ( LPNHE ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay ( IPNO ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie ( LPSC ), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology ( Grenoble INP ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA )

Subjects
electron, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, air, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, cosmic radiation: interaction, 01 natural sciences, bremsstrahlung, microwaves, Nuclear physics, Optics, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, site, High energy cosmic rays, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, cosmic radiation: UHE, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Cosmic-ray observatory, Instrumentation, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, Pierre Auger Observatory, radio wave, showers: atmosphere, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, detector: surface, Bremsstrahlung, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, trigger, Molecular bremsstrahlung, calibration, sensitivity, Radio, Auger, observatory, Air shower, Microwave, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Radio wave
Abstract

International audience; We present the GIGAS (Gigahertz Identification of Giant Air Shower) microwave radio sensor arrays of the EASIER project (Extensive Air Shower Identification with Electron Radiometers), deployed at the site of the Pierre Auger cosmic ray observatory. The aim of these novel arrays is to probe the intensity of the molecular bremsstrahlung radiation expected from the development of the extensive air showers produced by the interaction of ultra high energy cosmic rays in the atmosphere. In the designed setup, the sensors are embedded within the surface detector array of the Pierre Auger observatory allowing us to use the particle signals at ground level to trigger the radio system. A series of seven, then 61 sensors have been deployed in the C-band, followed by a new series of 14 higher sensitivity ones in the C-band and the L-band. The design, the operation, the calibration and the sensitivity to extensive air showers of these arrays are described in this paper.

Published
2018
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16. The Energy Spectrum of Cosmic Rays at the Highest Energies

Author

Yoshiki Tsunesada, Daisuke Ikeda, Daniela Mockler, Francesco Salamida, Ioana Codrina Maris, Dmitri Ivanov, Toshiyuki Nonaka, I. Lhenry-Yvon, Gordon Thomson, Olivier Deligny, I. Valiño, V. Verzi, A. Schulz, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, Markus Roth, Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Normalization (statistics), Work (thermodynamics), ultra-high-energy cosmic rays, cosmic radiation: energy spectrum, Scale (ratio), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, energy spectrum, Cosmic ray, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Auger, Nuclear physics, observatory, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, cosmic radiation: UHE, 010306 general physics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Scaling, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

International audience; In the same way as for previous international symposia on future directions in ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECR) physics, an inter-collaborative energy spectrum working group (WG) has been established with membership from the Pierre Auger Observatory (Auger) and the Telescope Array experiment (TA) with the aim to compile a balanced view about the current status of the energy spectrum of UHECRs. In addition to the review work, another pursued goal has been to quantify the differences in the estimates of the energy spectrum at the highest energies. A summary of these studies is given in these proceedings.

Published
2016
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17. Cosmogenic neutrinos and ultra-high energy cosmic ray models

Author

Alexander Grillo, Denise Boncioli, Roberto Aloisio, Sergio Petrera, Francesco Salamida, A. Di Matteo, Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Monte Carlo method, Cosmic background radiation, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, ultra high energy cosmic rays, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Auger, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Pierre Auger Observatory, Physics, ultra high energy photons and neutrinos, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, 13. Climate action, Neutrino, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We use an updated version of {\it SimProp}, a Monte Carlo simulation scheme for the propagation of ultra-high energy cosmic rays, to compute cosmogenic neutrino fluxes expected on Earth in various scenarios. These fluxes are compared with the newly detected IceCube events at PeV energies and with recent experimental limits at EeV energies of the Pierre Auger Observatory. This comparison allows us to draw some interesting conclusions about the source models for ultra-high energy cosmic rays. We will show how the available experimental observations are almost at the level of constraining such models, mainly in terms of the injected chemical composition and cosmological evolution of sources. The results presented here will also be important in the evaluation of the discovery capabilities of the future planned ultra-high energy cosmic ray and neutrino observatories., 15 pages, 8 figures, some reference added, version accepted for publication in JCAP

Published
2015
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18. Propagation of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays and the Production of Cosmogenic Neutrinos

Author

Roberto Aloisio, Sergio Petrera, Denise Boncioli, Alexander Grillo, A. Di Matteo, and Francesco Salamida

Subjects
Physics, Pierre Auger Observatory, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Particle physics, Cosmological evolution, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Monte Carlo method, Astrophysical backgrounds, Ultra high energy cosmic rays and neutrinos, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Auger, law.invention, Telescope, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Neutrino detector, Observatory, law, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, Neutrino, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We present an updated version of the {\it SimProp} Monte Carlo code to study the propagation of ultra high energy cosmic rays in astrophysical backgrounds computing the cosmogenic neutrino fluxes expected on earth. The study of secondary neutrinos provides a powerful tool to constrain the source models of these extremely energetic particles. We will show how the newly detected IceCube neutrino events at PeV energies together with the the latest experimental results of the Pierre Auger Observatory and Telescope Array experiment are almost at the level of excluding several hypothesis on the astrophysical sources of ultra high energy cosmic rays. Results presented here can be also used to evaluate the discovery capabilities of future high energy cosmic rays and neutrino detectors., Comment: 4 pages, 4 pdf figures, talk given at the Neutrino Oscillation Workshop (NOW 2014), Otranto, Italy, September 7-14 2014

Published
2015
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19. Searches for Large-Scale Anisotropy in the Arrival Directions of Cosmic Rays Detected above Energy of $10^{19}$ eV at the Pierre Auger Observatory and the Telescope Array

Author

Telescope, Array, Pierre Auger Collaborations (Alexander Aab, Pedro, Abreu, Marco, Aglietta, Eun Joo Ahn, Imen Al Samarai, Ivone, Albuquerque, Ingomar, Allekotte, Jeff, Allen, Patrick, Allison, Alejandro, Almela, Jesus Alvarez Castillo, Jaime Alvarez Muñiz, Rafael Alves Batista, Michelangelo, Ambrosio, Amin, Aminaei, Luis, Anchordoqui, Sofia, Andringa, Carla, Aramo, Victor Manuel Aranda, Fernando, Arqueros, Hernán Gonzalo Asorey, Pedro, Assis, Julien, Aublin, Maximo, Ave, Michel, Avenier, Gualberto, Avila, Nafiun, Awal, Alina Mihaela Badescu, Barber, Kerri B., Julia, Bäuml, Colin, Baus, Jim, Beatty, Karl Heinz Becker, Bellido, Jose A., Corinne, Berat, Mario Edoardo Bertania, Xavier, Bertou, Peter, Biermann, Pierre, Billoir, Blaess, Simon G., Miguel, Blanco, Carla, Bleve, Hans, Blümer, Martina, Boháčová, Denise, Boncioli, Carla, Bonifazi, Raffaella, Bonino, Nataliia, Borodai, Jeffrey, Brack, Iliana, Brancus, Ariel, Bridgeman, Pedro, Brogueira, Brown, William C., Peter, Buchholz, Antonio, Bueno, Stijn, Buitink, Buscemi, Mario, Caballero Mora, Karen S., Barbara, Caccianiga, Lorenzo, Caccianiga, Marina, Candusso, Laurentiu, Caramete, Caruso, Rossella, Antonella, Castellina, Gabriella, Cataldi, Lorenzo, Cazon, Rosanna, Cester, Chavez, Alan G., Andrea, Chiavassa, Jose Augusto Chinellato, Jiri, Chudoba, Marco, Cilmo, Clay, Roger W., Giuseppe, Cocciolo, Roberta, Colalillo, Alan, Coleman, Laura, Collica, Maria Rita Coluccia, Ruben, Conceição, Fernando, Contreras, Cooper, Mathew J., Alain, Cordier, Stephane, Coutu, Corbin, Covault, James, Cronin, Alex, Curutiu, Richard, Dallier, Bruno, Daniel, Sergio, Dasso, Kai, Daumiller, Dawson, Bruce R., de Almeida, Rogerio M., Manlio De Domenico, de Jong, Sijbrand J., Joao de Mello Neto, Ivan De Mitri, Jaime de Oliveira, Vitor de Souza, Luis del Peral, Olivier, Deligny, Hans, Dembinski, Niraj, Dhital, Claudio Di Giulio, Armando Di Matteo, Johana Chirinos Diaz, Mary Lucia Díaz Castro, Francisco, Diogo, Carola, Dobrigkeit, Wendy, Docters, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, Alexei, Dorofeev, Qader Dorosti Hasankiadeh, Maria Teresa Dova, Jan, Ebr, Ralph, Engel, Martin, Erdmann, Mona, Erfani, Escobar, Carlos O., Joao, Espadanal, Alberto, Etchegoyen, Pedro Facal San Luis, Heino, Falcke, Fang, Ke, Glennys, Farrar, Anderson, Fauth, Norberto, Fazzini, Ferguson, Andrew P., Mateus, Fernandes, Brian, Fick, Juan Manuel Figueira, Alberto, Filevich, Andrej, Filipčič, Brendan, Fox, Octavian, Fratu, Uwe, Fröhlich, Benjamin, Fuchs, Toshihiro, Fujii, Romain, Gaior, Beatriz, García, Sayri Tupac Garcia Roca, Diego Garcia Gamez, Diego Garcia Pinto, Gianpaolo, Garilli, Alberto Gascon Bravo, Florian, Gate, Hartmut, Gemmeke, Piera Luisa Ghia, Ugo, Giaccari, Marco, Giammarchi, Maria, Giller, Christian, Glaser, Henry, Glass, Mariano Gómez Berisso, Gómez Vitale, Primo F., Patrícia, Gonçalves, Gonzalez, Javier G., Nicolás, González, Ben, Gookin, Jacob, Gordon, Alessio, Gorgi, Peter, Gorham, Philippe, Gouffon, Stefan, Grebe, Nathan, Griffith, Aurelio, Grillo, Grubb, Trent D., Fausto, Guarino, Germano, Guedes, Matías Rolf Hampel, Patricia, Hansen, Diego, Harari, Harrison, Thomas A., Sebastian, Hartmann, John, Harton, Andreas, Haungs, Thomas, Hebbeker, Dieter, Heck, Philipp, Heimann, Herve, Alexander E., Hill, Gary C., Carlos, Hojvat, Nicholas, Hollon, Ewa, Holt, Piotr, Homola, Jörg, Hörandel, Pavel, Horvath, Miroslav, Hrabovský, Daniel, Huber, Tim, Huege, Antonio, Insolia, Paula Gina Isar, Ingolf, Jandt, Stefan, Jansen, Cecilia, Jarne, Mariela, Josebachuili, Alex, Kääpä, Olga, Kambeitz, Karl Heinz Kampert, Peter, Kasper, Igor, Katkov, Balazs, Kégl, Bianca, Keilhauer, Azadeh, Keivani, Ernesto, Kemp, Roger, Kieckhafer, Hans, Klages, Matthias, Kleifges, Jonny, Kleinfeller, Raphael, Krause, Nicole, Krohm, Oliver, Krömer, Daniel Kruppke Hansen, Daniel, Kuempel, Norbert, Kunka, Danielle, Lahurd, Luca, Latronico, Robert, Lauer, Markus, Lauscher, Pascal, Lautridou, Sandra Le Coz, Milton, Leão, Didier, Lebrun, Paul, Lebrun, Marcelo Augusto Leigui de Oliveira, Antoine Letessier Selvon, Isabelle Lhenry Yvon, Katrin, Link, Rebeca, López, Angeles Lopez Agüera, Karim, Louedec, Julio Lozano Bahilo, Lu, Lu, Agustin, Lucero, Marianne, Ludwig, Max, Malacari, Simone, Maldera, Manuela, Mallamaci, Jennifer, Maller, Dusan, Mandat, Paul, Mantsch, Analisa, Mariazzi, Vincent, Marin, Ioana, Mariş, Giovanni, Marsella, Daniele, Martello, Lilian, Martin, Humberto, Martinez, Oscar Martínez Bravo, Diane, Martraire, Jimmy Masías Meza, Hermann Josef Mathes, Sebastian, Mathys, James, Matthews, John, Matthews, Giorgio, Matthiae, Detlef, Maurel, Daniela, Maurizio, Eric, Mayotte, Peter, Mazur, Carlos, Medina, Gustavo Medina Tanco, Rebecca, Meissner, Maximilien, Melissas, Diego, Melo, Alexander, Menshikov, Stefano, Messina, Rishi, Meyhandan, Saša, Mićanović, Maria Isabel Micheletti, Lukas, Middendorf, Minaya, Ignacio A., Lino, Miramonti, Bogdan, Mitrica, Laura Molina Bueno, Silvia, Mollerach, Maria, Monasor, Delphine Monnier Ragaigne, François, Montanet, Carlo, Morello, Miguel, Mostafá, Moura, Celio A., Marcio Aparecido Muller, Gero, Müller, Sarah, Müller, Moritz, Münchmeyer, Roberto, Mussa, Gianni, Navarra, Sergio, Navas, Petr, Necesal, Lukas, Nellen, Anna, Nelles, Jens, Neuser, Nguyen, Phong H., Marcus, Niechciol, Lukas, Niemietz, Tim, Niggemann, Dave, Nitz, Dalibor, Nosek, Vladimir, Novotny, Lyberis, Nožka, Livingstone, Ochilo, Angela, Olinto, Micael, Oliveira, Noelia, Pacheco, Daniel Pakk Selmi Dei, Miroslav, Palatka, Juan, Pallotta, Nunzia, Palmieri, Philipp, Papenbreer, Gonzalo, Parente, Alejandra, Parra, Thomas, Paul, Miroslav, Pech, Jan, Pękala, Rodrigo, Pelayo, Iuri, Pepe, Lorenzo, Perrone, Emily, Petermann, Christine, Peters, Sergio, Petrera, Yevgeniy, Petrov, Jamyang, Phuntsok, Ricardo, Piegaia, Tanguy, Pierog, Pablo, Pieroni, Mário, Pimenta, Valerio, Pirronello, Manuel, Platino, Matthias, Plum, Alessio, Porcelli, Czeslaw, Porowski, Raul Ribeiro Prado, Paolo, Privitera, Michael, Prouza, Victor, Purrello, Quel, Eduardo J., Sven, Querchfeld, Sean, Quinn, Julian, Rautenberg, Olivier, Ravel, Diego, Ravignani, Benoît, Revenu, Jan, Ridky, Simone, Riggi, Markus, Risse, Pablo, Ristori, Vincenzo, Rizi, Washington Rodrigues de Carvalho, Iago Rodriguez Cabo, Gonzalo Rodriguez Fernandez, Jorge Rubén Rodriguez Rojo, Maria Dolores Rodríguez Frías, Dmytro, Rogozin, Germán, Ros, Jaime, Rosado, Tomas, Rossler, Markus, Roth, Esteban, Roulet, Adrian, Rovero, Saffi, Steven J., Alexandra, Saftoiu, Francesco, Salamida, Humberto, Salazar, Ahmed, Saleh, Francisco Salesa Greus, Gaetano, Salina, Federico, Sánchez, Patricia Sanchez Lucas, Santo, Catarina E., Edivaldo Moura Santos, Eva, Santos, Fred, Sarazin, Biswaijt, Sarkar, Raul, Sarmento, Ricardo, Sato, Nils, Scharf, Viviana, Scherini, Harald, Schieler, Peter, Schiffer, David, Schmidt, Olaf, Scholten, Harm, Schoorlemmer, Petr, Schovánek, Alexander, Schulz, Johannes, Schulz, Johannes, Schumacher, Sergio, Sciutto, Alberto, Segreto, Mariangela, Settimo, Amir, Shadkam, Shellard, Ronald C., Iván, Sidelnik, Guenter, Sigl, Octavian, Sima, Andrzej, Śmiałkowski, Radomir, Šmída, Gregory, Snow, Paul, Sommers, Sorokin, J., Ruben, Squartini, Srivastava, Yogendra N., Samo, Stanič, James, Stapleton, Jaroslaw, Stasielak, Maurice, Stephan, Anne, Stutz, Federico, Suarez, Tiina, Suomijärvi, Daniel Supanitsky, A., Michael, Sutherland, John, Swain, Zbigniew, Szadkowski, Marek, Szuba, Oscar Alejandro Taborda, Alex, Tapia, Mathieu, Tartare, Andreas, Tepe, Vanessa Menezes Theodoro, Charles, Timmermans, Todero Peixoto, Carlos J., Gabriel, Toma, Lenka, Tomankova, Bernardo, Tomé, Aurelio, Tonachini, Guillermo Torralba Elipe, Diego Torres Machado, Petr, Travnicek, Enrica, Trovato, Matias, Tueros, Ralf, Ulrich, Michael, Unger, Martin, Urban, Valdés Galicia, Jose F., Ines, Valiño, Laura, Valore, Guus van Aar, Patrick van Bodegom, van den Berg, Ad M., Sjoert van Velzen, Arjen van Vliet, Enrique, Varela, Bernardo Vargas Cárdenas, Gary, Varner, Vázquez, Jose R., Ricardo, Vázquez, Darko, Veberič, Valerio, Verzi, Jakub, Vicha, Mariela, Videla, Luis, Villaseñor, Brian, Vlcek, Serguei, Vorobiov, Hernan, Wahlberg, Oscar, Wainberg, David, Walz, Alan, Watson, Marc, Weber, Klaus, Weidenhaupt, Andreas, Weindl, Felix, Werner, Allan, Widom, Lawrence, Wiencke, Barbara, Wilczyńska, Henryk, Wilczyński, Martin, Will, Christopher, Williams, Tobias, Winchen, David, Wittkowski, Brian, Wundheiler, Sarka, Wykes, Tokonatsu, Yamamoto, Tolga, Yapici, Guofeng, Yuan, Alexey, Yushkov, Bruno, Zamorano, Enrique, Zas, Danilo, Zavrtanik, Marko, Zavrtanik, Ingyin, Zaw, Arnulfo, Zepeda, Jing, Zhou, Yue, Zhu, Marcelo Zimbres Silva, Michael, Ziolkowski, Francesca, Zuccarello, Rasha, Abbasi, Michihiko, Abe, Tareq Abu Zayyad, Monica, Allen, Robyn, Anderson, Ryuji, Azuma, Elliott, Barcikowski, Belz, John W., Bergman, Douglas R., Samuel Adam Blake, Robert, Cady, Min Jung Chae, Byung Gu Cheon, Junsei, Chiba, Michiyuki, Chikawa, Woo Ram Cho, Masaki, Fukushima, Takashi, Goto, William, Hanlon, Yoshio, Hayashi, Naoaki, Hayashida, Kinya, Hibino, Ken, Honda, Daisuke, Ikeda, Naoya, Inoue, Takaaki, Ishii, Rie, Ishimori, Hideo Ito (Utah, U., Riken, Dmitri, Ivanov, Jui, Charles C. H., Kenichi, Kadota, Fumio, Kakimoto, Oleg, Kalashev, Katsuaki, Kasahara, Hideyuki, Kawai, Saburo, Kawakami, Shingo, Kawana, Kazumasa, Kawata, Eiji, Kido, Hang Bae Kim, Ji Hee Kim, Ji Hyun Kim, Seiji, Kitamura, Yuki, Kitamura, Vadim, Kuzmin, Young Joon Kwon, Jian, Lan, Sun In Lim, Jon Paul Lundquist, Kazuhiro, Machida, Kai, Martens, Takeshi, Matsuda, Toshio, Matsuyama, Matthews, John N., Mayuko, Minamino, Keijiro, Mukai, Isaac, Myers, Keisuke, Nagasawa, Shigehiro, Nagataki, Toru, Nakamura, Toshiyuki, Nonaka, Asuka, Nozato, Shoichi, Ogio, Jun, Ogura, Munehiro, Ohnishi, Hideyuki, Ohoka, Kaoru, Oki, Takeshi, Okuda, Masaomi, Ono, Akitoshi, Oshima, Shunsuke, Ozawa, Park, Il H., Pshirkov, Maxim S., Douglas Chase Rodriguez, Grigory, Rubtsov, Dongsu, Ryu, Hiroyuki, Sagawa, Nobuyuki, Sakurai, Sampson, Amanda L., Scott, Lauren M., Priti Dhanesh Shah, Fumiya, Shibata, Tatsunobu, Shibata, Hideaki, Shimodaira, Bok Kyun Shin, Smith, Jeremy D., Pierre, Sokolsky, Wayne Springer, R., Benjamin Taylor Stokes, Stratton, Sean R., Thomas, Stroman, Takumi, Suzawa, Mai, Takamura, Masahiro, Takeda, Ryuji, Takeishi, Akimichi, Taketa, Masato, Takita, Yuichiro, Tameda, Hideki, Tanaka, Koichi, Tanaka, Manobu, Tanaka, Thomas, Stanton B., Thomson, Gordon B., Peter, Tinyakov, Igor, Tkachev, Hisao, Tokuno, Takayuki, Tomida, Sergey, Troitsky, Yoshiki, Tsunesada, Kazuki, Tsutsumi, Yukio, Uchihori, Shigeharu, Udo, Federico, Urban, Gina, Vasiloff, Tiffany, Wong, Hiroshi, Yamaoka, Katsuya, Yamazaki, Jongmann, Yang, Kenta, Yashiro, Shigeru, Yoshida, Hisashi, Yoshii, Rhett, Zollinger, Zachary, Zundel, Shogo, Konishi, Shingo, Wachi, Yoshiki, Nishimoto, Heungsu, Shin, Mai, Tsujimoto, Tomoya, Matsuhira, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), PIERRE AUGER, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), A., Aab, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, E. J., Ahn, I., Al Samarai, I. F. M., Albuquerque, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, P., Allison, A., Almela, J., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Mu?iz, R., Alves Batista, M., Ambrosio, A., Aminaei, L., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, Aramo, Carla, F., Arquero, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, M., Avenier, G., Avila, A. M., Badescu, K. B., Barber, J., B?uml, C., Bau, J. J., Beatty, K. H., Becker, J. A., Bellido, C., Berat, M. E., Bertaina, X., Bertou, P. L., Biermann, P., Billoir, M., Blanco, C., Bleve, H., Bl?mer, M., Boh??ov?, D., Boncioli, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, N., Borodai, J., Brack, I., Brancu, P., Brogueira, W. C., Brown, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, S., Buitink, Buscemi, Mario, K. S., Caballero Mora, B., Caccianiga, L., Caccianiga, M., Candusso, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, A., Castellina, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, A. G., Chavez, A., Chiavassa, J. A., Chinellato, J., Chudoba, Cilmo, Marco, R. W., Clay, G., Cocciolo, Colalillo, Roberta, A., Coleman, L., Collica, M. R., Coluccia, R., Concei??o, F., Contrera, M. J., Cooper, A., Cordier, S., Coutu, C. E., Covault, J., Cronin, A., Curutiu, R., Dallier, B., Daniel, S., Dasso, K., Daumiller, B. R., Dawson, R. M., de Almeida, M., De Domenico, S. J., de Jong, J. R. T., de Mello Neto, I., De Mitri, J., de Oliveira, V., de Souza, L., del Peral, O., Deligny, H., Dembinski, N., Dhital, C., Di Giulio, A., Di Matteo, J. C., Diaz, M. L., D?az Castro, F., Diogo, C., Dobrigkeit, W., Docter, J. C., D'Olivo, A., Dorofeev, Q., Dorosti Hasankiadeh, M. T., Dova, J., Ebr, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, M., Erfani, C. O., Escobar, J., Espadanal, A., Etchegoyen, P., Facal San Lui, H., Falcke, K., Fang, G., Farrar, A. C., Fauth, N., Fazzini, A. P., Ferguson, M., Fernande, B., Fick, J. M., Figueira, A., Filevich, A., Filip?i?, B. D., Fox, O., Fratu, U., Fr?hlich, B., Fuch, T., Fuji, R., Gaior, B., Garc?a, S. T., Garcia Roca, D., Garcia Gamez, D., Garcia Pinto, G., Garilli, A., Gascon Bravo, F., Gate, H., Gemmeke, P. L., Ghia, U., Giaccari, M., Giammarchi, M., Giller, C., Glaser, H., Gla, M., G?mez Berisso, P. F., G?mez Vitale, P., Gon?alve, J. G., Gonzalez, N., Gonz?lez, B., Gookin, A., Gorgi, P., Gorham, P., Gouffon, S., Grebe, N., Griffith, A. F., Grillo, T. D., Grubb, Y., Guardincerri, Guarino, Fausto, G. P., Guede, M. R., Hampel, P., Hansen, D., Harari, T. A., Harrison, S., Hartmann, J. L., Harton, A., Haung, T., Hebbeker, D., Heck, P., Heimann, A. E., Herve, G. C., Hill, C., Hojvat, N., Hollon, E., Holt, P., Homola, J. R., H?randel, P., Horvath, M., Hrabovsk?, D., Huber, T., Huege, A., Insolia, P. G., Isar, K., Islo, I., Jandt, S., Jansen, C., Jarne, M., Josebachuili, A., K??p?, O., Kambeitz, K. H., Kampert, P., Kasper, I., Katkov, B., K?gl, B., Keilhauer, A., Keivani, E., Kemp, R. M., Kieckhafer, H. O., Klage, M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, R., Krause, N., Krohm, O., Kr?mer, D., Kruppke Hansen, D., Kuempel, N., Kunka, G., La Rosa, D., Lahurd, L., Latronico, R., Lauer, M., Lauscher, P., Lautridou, S., Le Coz, M. S. A. B., Le?o, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, M. A., Leigui de Oliveira, A., Letessier Selvon, I., Lhenry Yvon, K., Link, R., L?pez, A., Lopez Ag?era, K., Louedec, J., Lozano Bahilo, L., Lu, A., Lucero, M., Ludwig, M. C., Maccarone, M., Malacari, S., Maldera, M., Mallamaci, J., Maller, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, A. G., Mariazzi, V., Marin, I. C., Mari?, G., Marsella, D., Martello, L., Martin, H., Martinez, O., Mart?nez Bravo, D., Martraire, J. J., Mas?as Meza, H. J., Mathe, S., Mathy, J. A. J., Matthew, J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, D., Maurel, D., Maurizio, E., Mayotte, P. O., Mazur, C., Medina, G., Medina Tanco, M., Melissa, D., Melo, E., Menichetti, A., Menshikov, S., Messina, R., Meyhandan, S., Mi?anovi?, M. I., Micheletti, L., Middendorf, I. A., Minaya, L., Miramonti, B., Mitrica, L., Molina Bueno, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D., Monnier Ragaigne, F., Montanet, C., Morello, M., Mostaf?, C. A., Moura, M. A., Muller, G., M?ller, M., M?nchmeyer, R., Mussa, G., Navarra, S., Nava, P., Necesal, L., Nellen, A., Nelle, J., Neuser, M., Niechciol, L., Niemietz, T., Niggemann, D., Nitz, D., Nosek, V., Novotny, L., No?ka, L., Ochilo, A., Olinto, M., Oliveira, N., Pacheco, D., Pakk Selmi Dei, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, N., Palmieri, P., Papenbreer, G., Parente, A., Parra, T., Paul, M., Pech, J., P?kala, R., Pelayo, I. M., Pepe, L., Perrone, R., Pesce, E., Petermann, C., Peter, S., Petrera, A., Petrolini, Y., Petrov, J., Phuntsok, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, P., Pieroni, M., Pimenta, V., Pirronello, M., Platino, M., Plum, A., Porcelli, C., Porowski, R. R., Prado, P., Privitera, M., Prouza, V., Purrello, E. J., Quel, S., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, J., Rautenberg, O., Ravel, D., Ravignani, B., Revenu, J., Ridky, S., Riggi, M., Risse, P., Ristori, V., Rizi, J., Robert, W., Rodrigues de Carvalho, I., Rodriguez Cabo, G., Rodriguez Fernandez, J., Rodriguez Rojo, M. D., Rodr?guez Fr?a, G., Ro, J., Rosado, T., Rossler, M., Roth, E., Roulet, A. C., Rovero, S. J., Saffi, A., Saftoiu, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, A., Saleh, F., Salesa Greu, G., Salina, F., S?nchez, P., Sanchez Luca, C. E., Santo, E., Santo, E. M., Santo, F., Sarazin, B., Sarkar, R., Sarmento, R., Sato, N., Scharf, V., Scherini, H., Schieler, P., Schiffer, O., Scholten, H., Schoorlemmer, P., Schov?nek, A., Schulz, J., Schulz, J., Schumacher, S. J., Sciutto, A., Segreto, M., Settimo, A., Shadkam, R. C., Shellard, I., Sidelnik, G., Sigl, O., Sima, A., ?mia?kowski, R., ?m?da, G. R., Snow, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, R., Squartini, Y. N., Srivastava, S., Stani?, J., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, M., Stephan, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomij?rvi, A. D., Supanitsky, M. S., Sutherland, J., Swain, Z., Szadkowski, M., Szuba, O. A., Taborda, A., Tapia, M., Tartare, V. M., Theodoro, C., Timmerman, C. J., Todero Peixoto, G., Toma, L., Tomankova, B., Tom?, A., Tonachini, G., Torralba Elipe, D., Torres Machado, P., Travnicek, E., Trovato, M., Tuero, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urban, Galicia, J. F. Vald?s., I., Vali?o, Valore, Laura, G., van Aar, A. M., van den Berg, S., van Velzen, A., van Vliet, E., Varela, B., Vargas C?rdena, G., Varner, J. R., V?zquez, R. A., V?zquez, D., Veberi?, V., Verzi, J., Vicha, M., Videla, L., Villase?or, B., Vlcek, S., Vorobiov, H., Wahlberg, O., Wainberg, D., Walz, A. A., Watson, M., Weber, K., Weidenhaupt, A., Weindl, F., Werner, A., Widom, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczy?ska, H., Wilczy?ski, M., Will, C., William, T., Winchen, D., Wittkowski, B., Wundheiler, S., Wyke, T., Yamamoto, T., Yapici, P., Younk, G., Yuan, A., Yushkov, B., Zamorano, E., Za, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, I., Zaw, A., Zepeda, J., Zhou, Y., Zhu, M., Zimbres Silva, M., Ziolkowski, R. U., Abbasi, M., Abe, T., Abu Zayyad, M., Allen, R., Anderson, R., Azuma, E., Barcikowski, J. W., Belz, D. R., Bergman, S. A., Blake, R., Cady, M. J., Chae, B. G., Cheon, J., Chiba, M., Chikawa, W. R., Cho, T., Fujii, M., Fukushima, T., Goto, W., Hanlon, Y., Hayashi, N., Hayashida, K., Hibino, K., Honda, D., Ikeda, N., Inoue, T., Ishii, R., Ishimori, H., Ito, D., Ivanov, C. C. H., Jui, K., Kadota, F., Kakimoto, O., Kalashev, K., Kasahara, H., Kawai, S., Kawakami, S., Kawana, K., Kawata, E., Kido, H. B., Kim, J. H., Kim, S., Kitamura, Y., Kitamura, V., Kuzmin, Y. J., Kwon, J., Lan, S. I., Lim, J. P., Lundquist, K., Machida, K., Marten, T., Matsuda, T., Matsuyama, J. N., Matthew, M., Minamino, K., Mukai, I., Myer, K., Nagasawa, S., Nagataki, T., Nakamura, T., Nonaka, A., Nozato, S., Ogio, J., Ogura, M., Ohnishi, H., Ohoka, K., Oki, T., Okuda, M., Ono, A., Oshima, S., Ozawa, I. H., Park, M. S., Pshirkov, D. C., Rodriguez, G., Rubtsov, D., Ryu, H., Sagawa, N., Sakurai, A. L., Sampson, L. M., Scott, P. D., Shah, F., Shibata, T., Shibata, H., Shimodaira, B. K., Shin, J. D., Smith, P., Sokolsky, R. W., Springer, B. T., Stoke, S. R., Stratton, T. A., Stroman, T., Suzawa, M., Takamura, M., Takeda, R., Takeishi, A., Taketa, M., Takita, Y., Tameda, H., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, M., Tanaka, S. B., Thoma, G. B., Thomson, P., Tinyakov, I., Tkachev, H., Tokuno, T., Tomida, S., Troitsky, Y., Tsunesada, K., Tsutsumi, Y., Uchihori, S., Udo, F., Urban, G., Vasiloff, T., Wong, R., Yamane, H., Yamaoka, K., Yamazaki, J., Yang, K., Yashiro, Y., Yoneda, S., Yoshida, H., Yoshii, R., Zollinger, Z., Zundel, I. A., Samarai, I. F., M., J. A., Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, R. A., Batista, C., Aramo, J., Bäuml, Bleve, Carla, H., Blümer, M., Boháčová, M., Buscemi, M., Cilmo, Cocciolo, Giuseppe, R., Colalillo, Coluccia, MARIA RITA, R., Conceição, R. M., De, M. D., Domenico, S. J., De, J. R., T., DE MITRI, Ivan, J. d., Oliveira, V. d., Souza, L. d., Peral, C. D., Giulio, A. D., Matteo, M. L., Díaz, Q. D., Hasankiadeh, P. F., San, A., Filipčič, U., Fröhlich, B., García, S. T., Garcia, A. G., Bravo, M. G., Berisso, P. F., Gómez, P., Gonçalve, N., González, F., Guarino, J. R., Hörandel, M., Hrabovský, A., Kääpä, B., Kégl, O., Krömer, G. L., Rosa, S. L., Coz, M. S., A., M. A., Leigui, R., López, A. L., Agüera, J. L., Bahilo, I. C., Mariş, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, O. M., Bravo, J. J., Masía, J. A., J., S., Mićanović, D. M., Ragaigne, M., Mostafá, G., Müller, M., Münchmeyer, L., Nožka, D. P., Selmi Dei, J., Pękala, Perrone, Lorenzo, W. R., De, I. R., Cabo, G. R., Fernandez, J. R., Rojo, M. D., Rodríguez Fría, F. S., Greu, F., Sánchez, Scherini, Viviana, P., Schovánek, A., Śmiałkowski, R., Šmída, S., Stanič, T., Suomijärvi, C. J., Todero, B., Tomé, G. T., Elipe, D. T., Machado, J. F., Valdé, I., Valiño, L., Valore, G. v., Aar, A. M., Van, S. v., Velzen, A. v., Vliet, B. V., Cárdena, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Vázquez, D., Veberič, L., Villaseñor, B., Wilczyńska, H., Wilczyński, M. Z., Silva, T. P., Auger, C. C., H., T. T., Array, A. Aab, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, E. J. Ahn, I. A. Samarai, I. F. M., I. Allekotte, J. Allen, P. Allison, A. Almela, J. A. Castillo, J. Alvarez-Muñiz, R. A. Batista, M. Ambrosio, A. Aminaei, L. Anchordoqui, S. Andringa, C. Aramo, F. Arquero, H. Asorey, P. Assi, J. Aublin, M. Ave, M. Avenier, G. Avila, A. M. Badescu, K. B. Barber, J. Bäuml, C. Bau, J. J. Beatty, K. H. Becker, J. A. Bellido, C. Berat, M. E. Bertaina, X. Bertou, P. L. Biermann, P. Billoir, M. Blanco, C. Bleve, H. Blümer, M. Boháčová, D. Boncioli, C. Bonifazi, R. Bonino, N. Borodai, J. Brack, I. Brancu, P. Brogueira, W. C. Brown, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, S. Buitink, M. Buscemi, K. S. Caballero-Mora, B. Caccianiga, L. Caccianiga, M. Candusso, L. Caramete, R. Caruso, A. Castellina, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, R. Cester, A. G. Chavez, A. Chiavassa, J. A. Chinellato, J. Chudoba, M. Cilmo, R. W. Clay, G. Cocciolo, R. Colalillo, A. Coleman, L. Collica, M. R. Coluccia, R. Conceição, F. Contrera, M. J. Cooper, A. Cordier, S. Coutu, C. E. Covault, J. Cronin, A. Curutiu, R. Dallier, B. Daniel, S. Dasso, K. Daumiller, B. R. Dawson, R. M. de, M. D. Domenico, S. J. de, J. R. T., I. D. Mitri, J. d. Oliveira, V. d. Souza, L. d. Peral, O. Deligny, H. Dembinski, N. Dhital, C. D. Giulio, A. D. Matteo, J. C. Diaz, M. L. Díaz, F. Diogo, C. Dobrigkeit, W. Docter, J. C. D'Olivo, A. Dorofeev, Q. D. Hasankiadeh, M. T. Dova, J. Ebr, R. Engel, M. Erdmann, M. Erfani, C. O. Escobar, J. Espadanal, A. Etchegoyen, P. F. San, H. Falcke, K. Fang, G. Farrar, A. C. Fauth, N. Fazzini, A. P. Ferguson, M. Fernande, B. Fick, J. M. Figueira, A. Filevich, A. Filipčič, B. D. Fox, O. Fratu, U. Fröhlich, B. Fuch, T. Fuji, R. Gaior, B. García, S. T. Garcia, D. Garcia-Gamez, D. Garcia-Pinto, G. Garilli, A. G. Bravo, F. Gate, H. Gemmeke, P. L. Ghia, U. Giaccari, M. Giammarchi, M. Giller, C. Glaser, H. Gla, M. G. Berisso, P. F. Gómez, P. Gonçalve, J. G. Gonzalez, N. González, B. Gookin, A. Gorgi, P. Gorham, P. Gouffon, S. Grebe, N. Griffith, A. F. Grillo, T. D. Grubb, Y. Guardincerri, F. Guarino, G. P. Guede, M. R. Hampel, P. Hansen, D. Harari, T. A. Harrison, S. Hartmann, J. L. Harton, A. Haung, T. Hebbeker, D. Heck, P. Heimann, A. E. Herve, G. C. Hill, C. Hojvat, N. Hollon, E. Holt, P. Homola, J. R. Hörandel, P. Horvath, M. Hrabovský, D. Huber, T. Huege, A. Insolia, P. G. Isar, K. Islo, I. Jandt, S. Jansen, C. Jarne, M. Josebachuili, A. Kääpä, O. Kambeitz, K. H. Kampert, P. Kasper, I. Katkov, B. Kégl, B. Keilhauer, A. Keivani, E. Kemp, R. M. Kieckhafer, H. O. Klage, M. Kleifge, J. Kleinfeller, R. Krause, N. Krohm, O. Krömer, D. Kruppke-Hansen, D. Kuempel, N. Kunka, G. L. Rosa, D. LaHurd, L. Latronico, R. Lauer, M. Lauscher, P. Lautridou, S. L. Coz, M. S. A., D. Lebrun, P. Lebrun, M. A. Leigui, A. Letessier-Selvon, I. Lhenry-Yvon, K. Link, R. López, A. L. Agüera, K. Louedec, J. L. Bahilo, L. Lu, A. Lucero, M. Ludwig, M. C. Maccarone, M. Malacari, S. Maldera, M. Mallamaci, J. Maller, D. Mandat, P. Mantsch, A. G. Mariazzi, V. Marin, I. C. Mariş, G. Marsella, D. Martello, L. Martin, H. Martinez, O. M. Bravo, D. Martraire, J. J. Masía, H. J. Mathe, S. Mathy, J. A. J., J. Matthew, G. Matthiae, D. Maurel, D. Maurizio, E. Mayotte, P. O. Mazur, C. Medina, G. Medina-Tanco, M. Melissa, D. Melo, E. Menichetti, A. Menshikov, S. Messina, R. Meyhandan, S. Mićanović, M. I. Micheletti, L. Middendorf, I. A. Minaya, L. Miramonti, B. Mitrica, L. Molina-Bueno, S. Mollerach, M. Monasor, D. M. Ragaigne, F. Montanet, C. Morello, M. Mostafá, C. A. Moura, M. A. Muller, G. Müller, M. Münchmeyer, R. Mussa, G. Navarra, S. Nava, P. Necesal, L. Nellen, A. Nelle, J. Neuser, M. Niechciol, L. Niemietz, T. Niggemann, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, V. Novotny, L. Nožka, L. Ochilo, A. Olinto, M. Oliveira, N. Pacheco, D. P. Selmi-Dei, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, N. Palmieri, P. Papenbreer, G. Parente, A. Parra, T. Paul, M. Pech, J. Pękala, R. Pelayo, I. M. Pepe, L. Perrone, R. Pesce, E. Petermann, C. Peter, S. Petrera, A. Petrolini, Y. Petrov, J. Phuntsok, R. Piegaia, T. Pierog, P. Pieroni, M. Pimenta, V. Pirronello, M. Platino, M. Plum, A. Porcelli, C. Porowski, R. R. Prado, P. Privitera, M. Prouza, V. Purrello, E. J. Quel, S. Querchfeld, S. Quinn, J. Rautenberg, O. Ravel, D. Ravignani, B. Revenu, J. Ridky, S. Riggi, M. Risse, P. Ristori, V. Rizi, J. Robert, W. R. de, I. R. Cabo, G. R. Fernandez, J. R. Rojo, M. D. Rodríguez-Fría, G. Ro, J. Rosado, T. Rossler, M. Roth, E. Roulet, A. C. Rovero, S. J. Saffi, A. Saftoiu, F. Salamida, H. Salazar, A. Saleh, F. S. Greu, G. Salina, F. Sánchez, P. Sanchez-Luca, C. E. Santo, E. Santo, E. M. Santo, F. Sarazin, B. Sarkar, R. Sarmento, R. Sato, N. Scharf, V. Scherini, H. Schieler, P. Schiffer, O. Scholten, H. Schoorlemmer, P. Schovánek, A. Schulz, J. Schulz, J. Schumacher, S. J. Sciutto, A. Segreto, M. Settimo, A. Shadkam, R. C. Shellard, I. Sidelnik, G. Sigl, O. Sima, A. Śmiałkowski, R. Šmída, G. R. Snow, P. Sommer, J. Sorokin, R. Squartini, Y. N. Srivastava, S. Stanič, J. Stapleton, J. Stasielak, M. Stephan, A. Stutz, F. Suarez, T. Suomijärvi, A. D. Supanitsky, M. S. Sutherland, J. Swain, Z. Szadkowski, M. Szuba, O. A. Taborda, A. Tapia, M. Tartare, V. M. Theodoro, C. Timmerman, C. J. Todero, G. Toma, L. Tomankova, B. Tomé, A. Tonachini, G. T. Elipe, D. T. Machado, P. Travnicek, E. Trovato, M. Tuero, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, M. Urban, J. F. Valdé, I. Valiño, L. Valore, G. v. Aar, A. M. van, S. v. Velzen, A. v. Vliet, E. Varela, B. V. Cárdena, G. Varner, J. R. Vázquez, R. A. Vázquez, D. Veberič, V. Verzi, J. Vicha, M. Videla, L. Villaseñor, B. Vlcek, S. Vorobiov, H. Wahlberg, O. Wainberg, D. Walz, A. A. Watson, M. Weber, K. Weidenhaupt, A. Weindl, F. Werner, A. Widom, L. Wiencke, B. Wilczyńska, H. Wilczyński, M. Will, C. William, T. Winchen, D. Wittkowski, B. Wundheiler, S. Wyke, T. Yamamoto, T. Yapici, P. Younk, G. Yuan, A. Yushkov, B. Zamorano, E. Za, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zavrtanik, I. Zaw, A. Zepeda, J. Zhou, Y. Zhu, M. Z. Silva, M. Ziolkowski, T. P. Auger, R. U. Abbasi, M. Abe, T. Abu-Zayyad, M. Allen, R. Anderson, R. Azuma, E. Barcikowski, J. W. Belz, D. R. Bergman, S. A. Blake, R. Cady, M. J. Chae, B. G. Cheon, J. Chiba, M. Chikawa, W. R. Cho, T. Fujii, M. Fukushima, T. Goto, W. Hanlon, Y. Hayashi, N. Hayashida, K. Hibino, K. Honda, D. Ikeda, N. Inoue, T. Ishii, R. Ishimori, H. Ito, D. Ivanov, C. C. H., K. Kadota, F. Kakimoto, O. Kalashev, K. Kasahara, H. Kawai, S. Kawakami, S. Kawana, K. Kawata, E. Kido, H. B. Kim, J. H. Kim, S. Kitamura, Y. Kitamura, V. Kuzmin, Y. J. Kwon, J. Lan, S. I. Lim, J. P. Lundquist, K. Machida, K. Marten, T. Matsuda, T. Matsuyama, J. N. Matthew, M. Minamino, K. Mukai, I. Myer, K. Nagasawa, S. Nagataki, T. Nakamura, T. Nonaka, A. Nozato, S. Ogio, J. Ogura, M. Ohnishi, H. Ohoka, K. Oki, T. Okuda, M. Ono, A. Oshima, S. Ozawa, I. H. Park, M. S. Pshirkov, D. C. Rodriguez, G. Rubtsov, D. Ryu, H. Sagawa, N. Sakurai, A. L. Sampson, L. M. Scott, P. D. Shah, F. Shibata, T. Shibata, H. Shimodaira, B. K. Shin, J. D. Smith, P. Sokolsky, R. W. Springer, B. T. Stoke, S. R. Stratton, T. A. Stroman, T. Suzawa, M. Takamura, M. Takeda, R. Takeishi, A. Taketa, M. Takita, Y. Tameda, H. Tanaka, K. Tanaka, M. Tanaka, S. B. Thoma, G. B. Thomson, P. Tinyakov, I. Tkachev, H. Tokuno, T. Tomida, S. Troitsky, Y. Tsunesada, K. Tsutsumi, Y. Uchihori, S. Udo, F. Urban, G. Vasiloff, T. Wong, R. Yamane, H. Yamaoka, K. Yamazaki, J. Yang, K. Yashiro, Y. Yoneda, S. Yoshida, H. Yoshii, R. Zollinger, Z. Zundel, T. T. Array, and Research unit Astroparticle Physics

Subjects
Ciencias Físicas, Astronomy, Rays, Astrophysics, Astroparticle physics, Cosmic rays, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Pierre, law, Anisotropy, Telescope, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Energy, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, astroparticle physic, Radiación cósmica, Auger, Cosmic, Arrival, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, High, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, SURFACE DETECTOR, ICECUBE, AIR-SHOWER ARRAY, Directions, cosmic rays, 0103 physical sciences, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Ciencias Exactas, Pierre Auger Observatory, SPECTRUM, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Array, Spectral density, Spherical harmonics, Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, ASTROFÍSICA, Ultra, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Astronomía, Dipole, RESOLUTION, Space and Planetary Science, Experimental High Energy Physics, Quadrupole, Observatory, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

Spherical harmonic moments are well-suited for capturing anisotropy at any scale in the flux of cosmic rays. An unambiguous measurement of the full set of spherical harmonic coefficients requires full-sky coverage. This can be achieved by combining data from observatories located in both the northern and southern hemispheres. To this end, a joint analysis using data recorded at the Telescope Array and the Pierre Auger Observatory above 1019 eV is presented in this work. The resulting multipolar expansion of the flux of cosmic rays allows us to perform a series of anisotropy searches, and in particular to report on the angular power spectrum of cosmic rays above 1019 eV. No significant deviation from isotropic expectations is found throughout the analyses performed. Upper limits on the amplitudes of the dipole and quadrupole moments are derived as a function of the direction in the sky, varying between 7% and 13% for the dipole and between 7% and 10% for a symmetric quadrupole., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas

Published
2014
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20. Radar reflection off extensive air showers

Author

Jaroslaw Stasielak, M. Riegel, Marc Weber, Harald Schieler, Hans Klages, A. Chiavassa, Julian Rautenberg, M. E. Bertaina, M. Ludwig, P. Neunteufel, S. Baur, Radomir Smida, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Francesco Salamida, J. Wochele, J. Pekala, Henryk Wilczyński, O. Krömer, J. Blümer, M. Roth, Ralph Engel, Tim Huege, F. Werner, Andreas Haungs, Matthias Kleifges, S. Mathys, and Michael Unger

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, QC1-999, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Acoustics, Echo (computing), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Time evolution, FOS: Physical sciences, Signal, law.invention, Power (physics), Physics and Astronomy (all), Bistatic radar, law, Reflection (physics), Radar, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Geology, Radio wave
Abstract

We investigate the possibility of detecting extensive air showers by the radar technique. Considering a bistatic radar system and different shower geometries, we simulate reflection of radio waves off the static plasma produced by the shower in the air. Using the Thomson cross-section for radio wave reflection, we obtain the time evolution of the signal received by the antennas. The frequency upshift of the radar echo and the power received are studied to verify the feasibility of the radar detection technique., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, to be published in proceedings of the International Symposium on Future Directions in UHECR Physics, CERN 2012

Published
2013

21. The air microwave yield (AMY) experiment - A laboratory measurement of the microwave emission from extensive air showers

Author

Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Blanco, M., Boháčová, M., Buonomo, B., Cataldi, G., Coluccia, M. R., Creti, P., Demitri, I., Digiulio, C., Facal San Luis, P., Foggetta, L., Gaïor, R., Garcia-Fernandez, D., Iarlori, M., Lecoz, S., Letessier-Selvon, A., Louedec, K., Mariş, I. C., Martello, D., Mazzitelli, G., Monasor, M., Perrone, L., Pesce, R., Petrera, S., Privitera, P., Rizi, V., Rodriguez Fernandez, G., Francesco Salamida, Salina, G., Settimo, M., Valente, P., Vazquez, J. R., Verzi, V., Williams, C., Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Multidisciplinary, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Physics::Accelerator Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The AMY experiment aims to measure the microwave bremsstrahlung radiation (MBR) emitted by air-showers secondary electrons accelerating in collisions with neutral molecules of the atmosphere. The measurements are performed using a beam of 510 MeV electrons at the Beam Test Facility (BTF) of Frascati INFN National Laboratories. The goal of the AMY experiment is to measure in laboratory conditions the yield and the spectrum of the GHz emission in the frequency range between 1 and 20 GHz. The final purpose is to characterise the process to be used in a next generation detectors of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. A description of the experimental setup and the first results are presented., Comment: 3 pages -- EPS-HEP'13 European Physical Society Conference on High Energy Physics (July, 18-24, 2013) at Stockholm, Sweden

Published
2013

22. Enhancements to the Southern Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

Giorgio Matthiae, E. Moreno, C. Macolino, Alessio Gorgi, J. Oehlschläger, S. Harmsma, M. Ave, R. Mussa, J. J. Beatty, Norbert Kunka, Silvia Mollerach, Alain Hervé, J. Coppens, Antonio Insolia, R. Sato, G. Müller, L. Winders, Richard Dallier, Christopher Morris, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, S. Dagoret-Campagne, Henry Glass, Eva Santos, C. Meurer, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, D. Schuster, A. Anzalone, C. Morello, M. Prouza, Domenico Tegolo, A. Cordier, Antonio Bueno, M. Roth, N. Nierstenhoefer, R. D. Parsons, Luis Villaseñor, Dariusz Gora, Sergio Pastor, Diego Harari, B. Sarkar, R. Rebolo Lopez, Carola Dobrigkeit, Sergio Sciutto, P. Younk, Fabian Schmidt, J. K. Kulbartz, Daniel Gonzalez, Ricardo Vázquez, Jakub Vicha, P. A. Kasper, J. S. Díaz, P. Abreu, S. L. C. Barroso, M. Will, V. H. Ponce, T. Paul, B. Vargas Cárdenas, Miroslav Palatka, T. Yamamoto, Rémi Bardenet, Alexander Menshikov, D. Kruppke-Hansen, Simone Riggi, Ruben Squartini, Jiri Chudoba, Daniel Kuempel, D.R. Walz, A. Italiano, Sebastian Schulte, E. Strazzeri, E. Varela, N. T. Thao, T. Hebbeker, A. Shadkam, Peter Schiffer, K. B. Barber, A. Lemiere, I. Zaw, A. Creusot, Paolo Privitera, R.M. Kieckhafer, S. Maldera, P. Brogueira, M. Blanco, M. Zimbres-Silva, Mário Pimenta, Gregory R Snow, Moritz Münchmeyer, Christopher B. Williams, D. Maurizio, J. C. Moreno, Ralph Engel, E. Petermann, H. Schoorlemmer, A. Śmiał kowski, D. Allard, K. Gesterling, Mario Scuderi, Ivone F. M. Albuquerque, C. Aramo, Carlos Hojvat, Ernesto Kemp, H. H. Silva Lopez, Andreas Weindl, Dusan Mandat, M. Ambrosio, Niraj Dhital, I. Valiño, Katrin Link, E. Menichetti, Bruce R. Dawson, C. E. Santo, R. Bruijn, Petr Schovanek, Pham Ngoc Diep, C. Robledo, O. Wainberg, Jonny Kleinfeller, J. Alvarez Castillo, F. Sarazin, R. F. Gamarra, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, A. Stutz, H. R. Marquez Falcon, Gualberto Avila, Angela V. Olinto, C. Di Giulio, Michael Sutherland, A. Guzman, M. A. Muller, G. Marsella, A. Filevich, P. Gouffon, Gaetano Salina, U. Fröhlich, J. Bäuml, G. Yuan, P. Karhan, Bianca Keilhauer, M. Monasor, B. Zamorano, Sebastian Achim Mueller, M. Gold, J. D. Hague, L. Perrone, S. Westerhoff, Viviana Scherini, N. Palmieri, L. Anchordoqui, Alessandro Petrolini, K. Weidenhaupt, V. Verzi, P. Wahrlich, G. Sigl, L. Niemietz, A. Tamashiro, Heino Falcke, Paulo J. S. Gonçalves, J. Aublin, Miroslav Hrabovský, J. Lozano Bahilo, Segev BenZvi, Andreas Haungs, M. Videla, Michael Unger, A. Schmidt, Francisco J. Blanco, G. Cataldi, M. L. Díaz Castro, Jaroslaw Stasielak, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, L. del Peral, I. Fajardo Tapia, Hans Klages, A. Chiavassa, A. Nelles, M. T. Dova, Matthias Kleifges, H. Spinka, P. Ristori, S. H. Cheng, O. Ravel, Jan Ridky, V. Rizi, Corbin Covault, Roger W Clay, A. Ferrero, Azadeh Keivani, F. Gomez Albarracin, Esteban Roulet, Philipp Mertsch, Aaron S. Chou, Ricardo Piegaia, C. E. Fracchiolla, F. Arqueros, N. Krohm, V. M. Olmos-Gilbaja, P. Necesal, Germano Guedes, Hermann-Josef Mathes, G. Tristram, U. Cotti, Olivier Deligny, H. Salazar, Geraldina Golup, Alexander Grillo, Juan Pallotta, M. Tueros, Rodrigo Pelayo, P. Allison, Osvaldo Catalano, D. D'Urso, M. I. Micheletti, J. Rodriguez Martino, S. Fliescher, Corinne Berat, D. Nitz, D. García Gámez, Martina Bohacova, Miroslav Pech, Tobias Winchen, T. Bäcker, J. C. Marin, Hartmut Gemmeke, J. L. Harton, J. Petrovic, Xavier Bertou, Fausto Guarino, Jose Luis La Rosa Navarro, J. Pȩkala, H. Wahlberg, M. Zavrtnik, Javier Gonzalez, Piera Luisa Ghia, Darko Veberič, Diego Ravignani, Lino Miramonti, B. Rouillé-d'Orfeuil, P. T. Nhung, Anderson Fauth, S. Gambetta, Pedro Assis, K. Kadija, Adrian Rovero, J. R. Vázquez, O. Taşcău, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, Tiina Suomijarvi, K. D. de Vries, Jörg R. Hörandel, W. C. Brown, Ioana Codrina Maris, V. de Souza, K. Louedec, Mariangela Settimo, K. H. Kampert, Alexey Yushkov, J. F. Valdés Galicia, D. Monnier Ragaigne, P. L. Biermann, P. Buchholz, David Warner, Michael Ziolkowski, Javier Tiffenberg, I. De Mitri, H. Blümer, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, Gonzalo Parente, J. Rosado, Benoît Revenu, S. Mićanović, D. Garcia-Pinto, Danilo Zavrtanik, M. S. A. B. Leão, Kumiko Kotera, Bryan C. Fuchs, Dieter Heck, Paul Sommers, R. Cester, A. Aminaei, A. F. Barbosa, Iván Sidelnik, W. Tkaczyk, B. J. Whelan, D. H. Koang, P. N. Dong, P. Lebrun, M. J. Cooper, Piotr Homola, P. Facal San Luis, M. Grigat, B. Morales, S. Jiraskova, M. Tartare, R. Gaior, C. Pfendner, J. W. Cronin, S. R. Gozzini, H. Martinez, Tim Huege, Dalibor Nosek, M. Josebachuili, J. Neuser, N. Hollon, E. Grashorn, F. Sánchez, Lawrence Wiencke, C. Timmermans D. K. Tiwari, H. Cook, M. De Domenico, Marcos Santander, C. O. Escobar, Valerio Pirronello, A.D. Supanitsky, A. Curutiu, J. A. J. Matthews, J. L. Kelley, Henryk Wilczyński, I. Allekotte, Sofia Andringa, R. Tcaciuc, J. D. Swain, Tanguy Pierog, Alan Watson, M. G. Winnick, F. Montanet, R. Bonino, A. Criss, Sergio Dasso, Zbigniew Szadkowski, M.D. Rodríguez-Frías, B. Wilczyńska, N. Pacheco, C. Jarne, Warner A. Miller, W. Docters, Paul Mantsch, Kurt Becker, G. Wieczorek, J. C. dos Anjos, E. Trovato, M. Gómez Berisso, P. Travnicek, E. J. Ahn, N. Griffith, Ernesto Arganda, Alejandra Parra, S. Sánchez Navas, Isabelle Lhenry-Yvon, M. Mostafá, N. Phan, Jose Chinellato, J. Chauvin, Edivaldo Moura Santos, J. Stapleton, M. Stephan, C. Lachaud, Peter Mazur, R. E. Burton, Y. Guardincerri, J. Knapp, A. Lopez Agüera, Maria J. Ortiz, H. Lyberis, D. Martello, Maria Rita Coluccia, Y. Petrov, M. C. Maccarone, P. Lautridou, M. Weber, N. Scharf, Carla Bonifazi, Alberto Segreto, Jose A. Bellido, A. Dorofeev, Iuri Muniz Pepe, A. Lucero, Peter Hansen, Nataliia Borodai, John Matthews, Jaroslava Schovancova, A. Letessier-Selvon, Maria Giller, Glennys R. Farrar, Jan Ebr, Arnulfo Zepeda, Etienne Parizot, L. Valore, J. Allen, Rossella Caruso, R. Pesce, Bruce Becker, J. Sorokin, T. Rossler, A. Bellétoile, Markus Risse, Galo Rafael Gonzalvo Rodriguez, Marianne Ludwig, Sergio Petrera, M. Melissas, G. La Rosa, F. Kuehn, H. Rivera, R. M. de Almeida, Rúben Conceição, Marco Aglietta, Lukas Nellen, M. Wommer, V. Marin, P. Billoir, S. Grebe, Sven Querchfeld, B. Gookin, M. Urban, C. Bleve, H. Dembinski, R. Ulrich, M.A. Leigui de Oliveira, C. J. Todero Peixoto, D. B. Tridapalli, P. Pieroni, L. Martin, A. Horneffer, P. Petrinca, Antonella Castellina, O. Martínez Bravo, M. Erdmann, V. C. Holmes, D. Lebrun, I. Dutan, I. Rodriguez-Cabo, B. M. Baughman, Julian Rautenberg, Radomir Smida, S. Coutu, Federico Suarez, A. Tonachini, L. Nožka, Lorenzo Cazon, G. De La Vega, A. M. van den Berg, Norberto Fazzini, Analisa Mariazzi, D. Melo, Kai Daumiller, Benjamin A. Garcia, M. Nyklicek, A. Filipčič, J. Rodriguez Rojo, L. Caramete, S. Stanič, Manuel Platino, C. De Donato, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, M. Szuba, F.G. Schröder, Enrique Zas, Harald Schieler, A. Tapia, M. Balzer, C. Rühle, T. Yapici, M. Pontz, G. Decerprit, Alberto Etchegoyen, G. Navarra, A. P. Ferguson, C. A. Moura, Bernardo Tomé, Brian Fick, Brian Wundheiler, Fernando Contreras, Balázs Kégl, Subir Sarkar, A. Gascon, Hernán Asorey, T. Šuša, R.C. Shellard, Denise Boncioli, F. Ionita, S. J. De Jong, M. Avenier, D. Thomas, Ugo Giaccari, Francesco Salamida, German Ros, Gustavo Medina-Tanco, C. G. Tavera Ruiz, Eduardo Quel, E. D. Fraenkel, W. J. M. de Mello Junior, T. Antičić, J. Roberts, and O. Krömer

Subjects
History, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Education, Optics, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), Cherenkov radiation, Physics, Pierre Auger Observatory, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Computer Science Applications, Air shower, Experimental High Energy Physics, Amiga, business
Abstract

The southern Pierre Auger Observatory has been detecting cosmic rays above 1018eV since 2004, exploiting a hybrid air shower detection technique, with 1660 water Cherenkov detectors together with 24 air fluorescence telescopes on a 3000 km2 site. As low energy enhancements to the observatory, 3 additional telescopes with elevated fields of view were built (HEAT). The detector density was increased in the HEAT fields of view by a factor of four in an area of about 25 km2. This setup enables unbiased hybrid data taking above 1017eV. The infilled area is also being equipped with large underground scintillator muon detectors (AMIGA). Finally, a prototype array of radio antenna stations (AERA), working from 30 to 80 MHz, has been installed in a part of the infill. Properties and status of AMIGA, HEAT, and AERA are presented.

Published
2012

23. SimProp: a simulation code for ultra high energy cosmic ray propagation

Author

Sergio Petrera, Francesco Salamida, A.F. Grillo, Denise Boncioli, and Roberto Aloisio

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Monte Carlo method, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Flux, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Cosmology, Computational physics, Auger, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Kinetic equations, Code (cryptography), Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

A new Monte Carlo simulation code for the propagation of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays is presented. The results of this simulation scheme are tested by comparison with results of another Monte Carlo computation as well as with the results obtained by directly solving the kinetic equation for the propagation of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays. A short comparison with the latest flux published by the Pierre Auger collaboration is also presented., 19 pages, 12 eps figures, version accepted for publication in JCAP

Published
2012

25. The analysis of hybrid events in the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

Francesco Salamida

Subjects
Pierre Auger Observatory, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Flux, Cosmic ray, Hybrids, Fluorescence, Auger, Nuclear physics, Event selection, UHECR spectrum, Instrumentation, Optics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, business, Energy (signal processing), Event reconstruction
Abstract

The Pierre Auger Observatory detects ultra-high energy cosmic rays by implementing two complementary air-shower measurements. The combination of the single tank information from the surface detector (SD) and the calorimetric measurements of the shower profile using the fluorescence detector (FD), known as the “hybrid” technique, provides a more reliable event reconstruction than using either detector alone. In this paper the approach used to evaluate the cosmic ray flux using this class of events is described. The analysis method is discussed considering its main steps: the event selection, the detector up time evaluation and the exposure calculation.

Published
2008

26. The energy spectrum of cosmic rays at the highest energies

Author

Francesco Salamida, Yoshiki Tsunesada, Daisuke Ikeda, Bruce R. Dawson, Dmitri Ivanov, A. V. Sabourov, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, Markus Roth, M. I. Pravdin, and Ioana Codrina Maris

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Normalization (statistics), Physics, Work (thermodynamics), Scale (ratio), QC1-999, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Spectral line, Nuclear physics, Physics and Astronomy (all), Energy spectrum, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Scaling, Energy (signal processing), Astrophysique
Abstract

One of several working groups established for this workshop was charged with examining results and methods associated with the UHECR energy spectrum. We summarize the results of our discussions, which include a better understanding of the analysis choices made by groups and their motivation. We find that the energy spectra determined by the larger experiments are consistent in normalization and shape after energy scaling factors are applied. Those scaling factors are within systematic uncertainties in the energy scale, and we discuss future work aimed at reducing these systematics. © Owned by the authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2013., 0, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2013

27. Interpretation of the microwave signal of high-energy air showers observed with CROME

Author

Werner, F., Engel, R., Šmída, R., Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Bekk, K., Bertaina, M., Blümer, J., Bozdog, H., Brancus, I. M., Chiavassa, A., Cossavella, F., Pierro, F. D. I., Doll, P., Fuchs, B., Fuhrmann, D., Grupen, C., Haungs, A., Heck, D., Hörandel, J. R., Huber, D., Huege, T., Kampert, K. -H, Kang, D., Klages, H., Kleifges, M., Krömer, O., Link, K., Łuczak, P., Ludwig, M., Mathes, H. J., Mayer, H. J., Mathys, S., Melissas, M., Morello, C., Neunteufel, P., Oehlschläger, J., Palmieri, N., Pekala, J., Pierog, T., Rautenberg, J., Rebel, H., Riegel, M., Roth, M., Francesco Salamida, Schieler, H., Schoo, S., Schröder, F. G., Sima, O., Stasielak, J., Toma, G., Trinchero, G. C., Unger, M., Weber, M., Weindl, A., Wilczynski, H., Will, M., Wochele, J., and Zabierowski, J.

Subjects
Maschinenbau

28. Operations of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

Alexey Yushkov, Giorgio Matthiae, Francesco Fenu, Carla Bonifazi, Jose A. Bellido, Fabio Convenga, Giovanni Marsella, Gaia Silli, Claudio Galelli, Alessio Gorgi, Jeffrey A. Johnsen, Sven Querchfeld, Jan Ebr, Orazio Zapparrata, Julian Kemp, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Carla Taricco, Edivaldo Moura Santos, Ana L. Müller, Marc Weber, Matias Tueros, Luis A. Nunez, Carola Dobrigkeit, Gustavo Medina-Tanco, Lino Miramonti, Luca Deval, Miroslav Pech, Achille Nucita, Clara Keiko Oliveira Watanabe, Lukas Zehrer, Michael Schimp, Viviana Scherini, Olena Tkachenko, Giuseppe De Mauro, Julien Manshanden, Andres Travaini, Ladislav Chytka, Norberto Fazzini, Analisa Mariazzi, M. E. Bertaina, Martin Erdmann, Wilson M. Namasaka, Pavel Horvath, Mihai Niculescu-Oglinzanu, Jonny Kleinfeller, Gioacchino Alex Anastasi, Beatriz García, Alexander Menshikov, Jacco Vink, Alex Kääpä, Emanuele De Vito, Dave Nitz, Gonzalo Parente, Bjarni Pont, Denise Boncioli, Marvin Gottowik, Maximilian Reininghaus, Alena Bakalova, G. C. Hill, Jorge F. Soriano, Ralph Engel, Roger W Clay, Flavia Gesualdi, Felix Riehn, Danilo Zavrtanik, Luis A. Anchordoqui, Italo Epicoco, Petr Travnicek, Rogerio M. de Almeida, Allan Machado Payeras, Andrej Filipcic, Jon Paul Lundquist, Washington Rodrigues de Carvalho, Srijan Sehgal, Eric Mayotte, Carmina Pérez Bertolli, Christoph Schäfer, Bianca Keilhauer, Marcus Niechciol, Fernando Gollan, Sofia Andringa, Henryk Wilczyński, Trent D. Grubb, Luis Lopes, Quentin Luce, Octavian Sima, Maria Isabel Micheletti, Juan Manuel Figueira, Fred Sarazin, Frank G. Schröder, Roberta Colalillo, Andreas Weindl, Dusan Mandat, Michael Unger, Dariusz Gora, Dalibor Nosek, R. C. Shellard, Sergio Petrera, Zbigniew Szadkowski, Stijn Buitink, Denis Stanca, Juan Manuel González, Jan Ridky, Jose F. Valdés Galicia, Alejandra Parra, Lukas Nellen, Mario Buscemi, P. Gabriel Brichetto Orchera, Max Büsken, Jorge Rubén Rodriguez Rojo, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Antonella Castellina, Andreas Haungs, Martin Vacula, Matthias Kleifges, Heino Falcke, Jannis Pawlowsky, Jan Pękala, Hans Klages, Alan Coleman, Mauricio Suárez-Durán, Antonio Insolia, Nataliia Borodai, Abha Khakurdikar, P. Abreu, Simone Rossoni, Florian Lukas Briechle, Diego Ravignani, Niklas Langner, Thomas Hebbeker, Sergio Dasso, Tristan Sudholz, Dieter Heck, Marcio Aparecido Muller, Luis Miguel Domingues Mendes, Gaetano Salina, Violet M. Harvey, Philipp Papenbreer, Ana Martina Botti, Peter Mazur, Jaime de Oliveira, Alejandro Almela, G. Cataldi, Alexander Streich, Alan Watson, S. J. Saffi, Juan Pallotta, Zoé Torrès, Diego Melo, Francisco Pedreira, Thomas Bretz, Mart Pothast, Radomir Smida, Germano Guedes, Olivier Deligny, Rodrigo Pelayo, Eva Santos, James Matthews, Philip Ruehl, Felicia Barbato, Joaquín de Jesús, Tomáš Fodran, Petr Janecek, Corbin Covault, João de Mello Neto, Matías Rolf Hampel, Geraldina Golup, Alina Mihaela Badescu, Cristina Galea, Rebeca López, Adrian Rovero, Xavier Bertou, Mariano Gómez Berisso, Alexandra Saftoiu, Ivan De Mitri, Pedro Assis, Diego Correia dos Santos, Marcel Köpke, Jarryd A. Day, Martín Miguel Freire, Francesco Salamida, Carlos J. Todero Peixoto, C. Morello, Hernán Gonzalo Asorey, David Wittkowski, Mariano del Río, Alexandru Balaceanu, Hernan Wahlberg, A. Daniel Supanitsky, Miroslav Hrabovsky, Federico Andrés Sánchez, Jiri Blazek, Hermann-Josef Mathes, Laura Valore, Markus Roth, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, Tiina Suomijarvi, Lawrence Wiencke, Paul Sommers, Felix Schlüter, Miroslav Palatka, Fabian Gobbi, Carla Aramo, Vincenzo Rizi, Julien Souchard, Daniele Martello, Fausto Guarino, Alina Nasr-Esfahani, Ugo Giaccari, Lu Lu, Nikolaos Karastathis, Silvia Mollerach, Sullivan Marafico, Josina Schulte, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, Harald Schieler, Domenico Lo Presti, Ricardo Jorge Barreira Luz, Antonio Condorelli, Jakub Vicha, Lukáš Vaclavek, Ruben Squartini, Marco Stein Muzio, Jesús Peña-Rodríguez, Nicolas Martin Gonzalez, Paolo Privitera, Edyvania Emily Pereira Martins, Peter L. Biermann, Sergio Sciutto, Tanguy Pierog, Armando di Matteo, Peter Buchholz, Fabrizia Canfora, Isabelle Lhenry-Yvon, Carlos Hojvat, Maria Rita Coluccia, Martin Schimassek, Bradley C. Manning, Terasa Bister, Toshihiro Fujii, Glennys R. Farrar, Bruno L. Lago, Rafael Alves Batista, Sonja Schröder, Massimo Mastrodicasa, Juan Miguel Carceller, Jose Chinellato, Ricardo Sato, Bernardo Tomé, Brian Fick, Samo Stanič, Ralf Ulrich, Marco Aglietta, Guenter Sigl, Indira D. Vergara Quispe, Markus Risse, Jakub Juryšek, Serguei Vorobiov, Marko Zavrtanik, Julian Rautenberg, Juan Carlos Arteaga Velazquez, Stanislav Michal, Rúben Conceição, Ioana Caracas, Varada Varma Kizakke Covilakam, Petr Hamal, Anderson Fauth, Oscar Martínez Bravo, Luan Bonneau Arbeletche, Steffen Hahn, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, Justin M. Albury, Alex Tapia, Kai Daumiller, Roberto Mussa, Fridtjof Feldbusch, Lorenzo Caccianiga, Lorenzo Cazon, Enrique Zas, Mário Pimenta, Manuel Platino, Antoine Letessier-Selvon, Danelise de Oliveira Franco, Brian Wundheiler, Sijbrand J. de Jong, Thomas Fitoussi, David Schmidt, Piera Luisa Ghia, Fernando Contreras, Darko Veberic, Carla Bleve, Rodrigo Guedes Lang, Belén Andrada, Valerio Pirronello, Adrianna Luz García Vegas, Marcos Cerda, Giovanni Consolati, Alberto Segreto, François Montanet, Pierpaolo Savina, Francesco de Palma, Marcelo Augusto Leigui de Oliveira, Norbert Kunka, Miguel Mostafa, Jose Sanabria Gomez, Michael Prouza, Jonas Glombitza, Eleonora Guido, Vladimír Novotný, Petr Schovanek, Valerio Verzi, Matías J. Roncoroni, Lorenzo Perrone, Libor Nozka, Virginia Binet, Christian Sarmiento-Cano, Patrick Stassi, Isabel Goos, Alberto Etchegoyen, Enrique Varela, Charles Timmermans, Andrew Puyleart, Alan Fuster, Vladimir Lenok, Jiri Chudoba, Hartmut Gemmeke, Maximilian Stadelmaier, Katharine Mulrey, Carlos Escobar, Kevin-Druis Merenda, Marcus Wirtz, Kathrin Bismark, Rita dos Anjos, Martina Bohacova, Ioana Codrina Maris, Giovanni Mancarella, John Farmer, Juan Pablo Gongora, Jaroslaw Stasielak, Maria-Teresa Dova, Raul Sarmento, Karl-Heinz Becker, Diego dos Santos, Paul Mantsch, Rossella Caruso, Fernando Catalani, Adriana Vásquez-Ramírez, Caterina Trimarelli, Johnnier Perez Armand, Primo F. Gómez Vitale, Antonio Bueno, Petr Tobiska, Gualberto Avila, Ingomar Allekotte, Sara Martinelli, Agustín Cobos Cerutti, Paulo Ricardo Araújo Ferreira, Matías Perlin, Diego Harari, Vitor de Souza, Cynthia Ventura, Bruce R. Dawson, Tim Huege, Patricia María Hansen, Marco Giammarchi, Jörg R. Hörandel, Paula Gina Isar, Marina Scornavacche, Jonathan Biteau, Esteban Roulet, and Corinne Berat

Subjects
Pierre Auger Observatory, Upgrade, Observatory, Astronomy, Detector, Experimental High Energy Physics, Basic level, Cosmic ray, High Energy Physics, Geology, Remote sensing
Abstract

The construction of the first stage of the Pierre Auger Observatory, designed for research of ultra-high energy cosmic rays, began in 2001 with a prototype system. The Observatory has been collecting data since early 2004 and was completed in 2008. The Observatory is situated at 1400 m above sea level near Malargue, (Mendoza province) in western Argentina, covering a vast plain of 3000 squared km, known as the Pampa Amarillo. The Observatory consists of a hybrid detector, in which there are 1660 water-Cherenkov stations, forming the Surface Detector (SD) and 27 peripheral atmospheric fluorescence telescopes, comprising the Fluorescence Detector (FD).Over time, the Auger Observatory has been enhanced with different R&D prototypes and is recently being to an important upgrade called AugerPrime. In the present contribution, the general operations of the SD and FD will be described. In particular the FD shift procedure - executable locally in Malargue or remotely by teams in control rooms abroad within the Collaboration - and the newly SD shifts (operating since 2019) will be explained. Additionally, the SD and FD maintenance campaigns, as well as the data taking and data handling at a basic level, will be reported

29. Sensitivity to atypical tau initiated air showers for a high-altitude optical Cherenkov detector

Author

Francesco Fenu, Francesca Bisconti, Francesco Salamida, M. Bertaina, Roberto Aloisio, and Austin Cummings

Subjects
Physics, Cherenkov detector, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics beyond the Standard Model, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Standard Model, law.invention, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), law, Neutrino, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Energy (signal processing), Cherenkov radiation, Lepton
Abstract

The ANITA collaboration has recently announced the supposed observation of two upward going cosmic ray showers at earth emergence angles $27^{\circ}$ and $35^{\circ}$ with reconstructed energy $\sim$0.6~EeV. Upward air showers (UAS) are expected from tau leptons resulting from the interaction of astrophysical neutrinos inside the Earth. However, at emergence angles larger than $20^{\circ}$, the probability of tau emergence from a neutrino is less than $10^{-7}$, which makes a standard model explanation for these signals difficult. If confirmed by other experiments, these energetic events would strengthen the argument for physics beyond the standard model. Both the proposed EUSO-SPB2 and the POEMMA instruments will be equipped with optical Cherenkov detectors in order to measure the Cherenkov emission from UAS, which, if aimed low enough below the horizon, could, in principle, capture these events as well. An observation in the Cherenkov channel would help to rule out anthropogenic and other explanations for these events. We present here the sensitivity to the ANITA anamolous events for a balloon based and a satellite based Cherenkov detector, as could be realized in the upcoming EUSO-SPB2 mission and the proposed POEMMA mission, respectively., Comment: ICRC 2019 Proceedings Paper

30. Observation of Polarised Microwave Emission from Air Showers by CROME

Author

Šmída, R., Engel, R., Werner, F., Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Bekk, K., Bertaina, M., Blümer, J., Bozdog, H., Brancus, I. M., Chiavassa, A., Cossavella, F., Pierro, F. D. I., Doll, P., Fuchs, B., Fuhrmann, D., Grupen, C., Haungs, A., Heck, D., Hörandel, J. R., Huber, D., Huege, T., Kampert, K. H., Kang, D., Klages, H., Kleifges, M., Krömer, O., Link, K., Łuczak, P., Ludwig, M., Mathes, H. J., Mayer, H. J., Mathys, S., Melissas, M., Morello, C., Neunteufel, P., Oehlschläger, J., Palmieri, N., Pekala, J., Pierog, T., Rautenberg, J., Rebel, H., Riegel, M., Roth, M., Francesco Salamida, Schieler, H., Schoo, S., Schröder, F. G., Sima, O., Stasielak, J., Toma, G., Trinchero, G. C., Unger, M., Weber, M., Weindl, A., Wilczynski, H., Will, M., Wochele, J., and Zabierowski, J.

Subjects
Physik (inkl. Astronomie)

31. Fluorescence and hybrid detection aperture of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

Bellido, J. A., D Urso, D., Geenen, H., Guarino, F., Perrone, L., Petrera, S., Prado Jr, L., Francesco Salamida, J. A., Bellido, D'Urso, Domenico, H., Geenen, Guarino, Fausto, L., Perrone, S., Petrera, L., Jr Prado, and F., Salamida

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics
Abstract

The aperture of the Fluorescence Detector (FD) of the Pierre Auger Observatory is evaluated from simulated events using different detector configurations: mono, stereo, 3-FD and 4-FD. The trigger efficiency has been modeled using shower profiles with ground impacts in the field of view of a single telescope and studying the trigger response (at the different levels) by that telescope and by its neighbours. In addition, analysis cuts imposed by event reconstruction have been applied. The hybrid aperture is then derived for the Auger final extension. Taking into account the actual Surface Detector (SD) array configuration and its trigger response, the aperture is also calculated for a typical configuration of the present phase., contribution to the 29th International Cosmic Ray Conference, Pune, India, 3-10 August 2005

32. The UHECR source evolution and high-energy neutrinos and γ-rays

Author

Sergio Petrera, Armando di Matteo, Denise Boncioli, Francesco Salamida, and Roberto Aloisio

Subjects
Physics, High energy, Positron, Photon, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Monte Carlo method, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Electron, Astrophysics, Neutrino, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Redshift
Abstract

Interactions of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with background photons set a limit to the distance cosmic rays reaching us above a certain energy can originate from, making measurements of their fluxes insensitive to properties of sources at high redshifts. On the other hand, the secondary PeV--EeV neutrinos produced in UHECR propagation can reach the Earth even from very high redshifts, and electromagnetic cascades initiated by secondary photons and electrons/positrons contribute to the diffuse gamma-ray background. Therefore, a multi-messenger analysis combining UHECR, neutrino, and gamma-ray data can still provide information about the cosmological evolution of UHECR sources. In this work, we compare predicted particle fluxes from Monte Carlo simulations in various scenarios with recent experimental data, and discuss the conclusions that can be drawn about UHECR sources and their cosmological evolution., Comment: 6 pages excluding title, 5 figures; to be presented at the 35th International Cosmic Ray Conference, 10-20 July 2017, Busan, South Korea

33. Future prospects of testing lorentz invariance with UHECRs

Author

Pasquale Blasi, Tanguy Pierog, Alexander Grillo, Piera Luisa Ghia, Roberto Aloisio, Francesco Salamida, Sergio Petrera, Denise Boncioli, and Armando di Matteo

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Pierre Auger Observatory, Physics, Particle physics, Photon, Multidisciplinary, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Special relativity, Lorentz covariance, Pion, Observatory, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Background radiation
Abstract

In the last years a general consensus has emerged on the use of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECR) data as a powerful probe of the validity of special relativity. This applies in particular to the propagation of cosmic rays from their sources to Earth, responsible for energy suppressions due to pion photoproduction by UHE protons (the Greisen-Zatsepin Kuzmin limit) and photo disintegration of UHE nuclei (the Gerasimova-Rozental limit). A suppression in the flux of UHECRs at energies above 40 EeV -- as expected from both these interactions -- has been established experimentally beyond any doubt by current experiments. However, such an observation is still not conclusive on the origin of the suppression. In particular, data from the Pierre Auger Observatory can be interpreted in a scenario in which the suppression is due to the maximum acceleration energy at the sources rather than to interactions in the background radiation. In this scenario, UHECR data can no longer yield bounds on Lorentz invariance violations which increase the thresholds for interactions of nuclei on background photons, in particular through modification of the dispersion relations. Here we argue in turn that the study of UHECRs still represents an opportunity to test Lorentz invariance, by discussing the possibility of deriving limits on violation parameters from UHECR phenomena other than propagation. In particular we study the modifications of the shower development in the atmosphere due to the possible inhibition of the decay of unstable particles, especially neutral pions., 8 pages, 8 eps figures, talk given by D. Boncioli at the 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference, 30 July - 6 August 2015, The Hague, The Netherlands. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1408.5213

34. A More Complete Phenomenology of Tau Lepton Induced Air Showers

Author

Austin Cummings, Francesca Bisconti, Francesco Fenu, M. Bertaina, Roberto Aloisio, and Francesco Salamida

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Electron, Charged particle, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Decay length, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Phenomenology (particle physics), Cherenkov radiation, Lepton
Abstract

Many proposed and upcoming experiments seek to observe signals from upward going air showers initiated by tau leptons resulting from neutrino interactions inside the Earth. To save calculation time, event estimations for these observation methods are usually performed while making several assumptions about the showers themselves, which simplifies their rich phenomenology and may or may not lead to inaccuracies in results. Here, we present results of extensive CORSIKA simulations of upward going tau initiated showers in the energy range 1 PeV to 10 EeV. Specifically, we monitor the Cherenkov emission, the charged particle distributions, and the timing of the showers for different geometric configurations. We analyze the impact of the decay length and different decay modes of the tau on particle distributions and compare to primaries usually utilized to simulate a tau shower, such as gammas, electrons, and protons. We also check the accuracy of many of the usual assumptions of these showers and analyze the often ignored muon channel of the tau decay., ICRC 2019 Proceedings Paper

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