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The interjection was recognised as a part of speech by the Latin grammarians, replacing the lack of the article class in the Greek system and maintaining the eight parts of speech. However, it is noteworthy that the definition of interjection among the different scholars and grammarians is not stable and wavers between the need to identify its role as a part of speech – whether it was an adverb or not – and its pragmatic function, identifying to what extent it was connected to emotions. The scholarly discussion over the interjection entangled and disentangled itself during the centuries, and its theoretical status has been verified in the present paper, which shows how the classical and non-classical evidence reconnects this part of speech to its most rhetorical function. This paper delves into this debate, focusing on the interjection heu and providing a history of the interjection, covering the classical period and the Middle Ages, according to the linguistic perspective and highlighting how Latin grammarians considered it in their linguistic framework.

The ERC research project LatinNow (Latinisation of the north-western provinces), is intended to be a broad-based investigation of linguistic change in the north-western Empire (namely Britain, Gaul, Germanies, Noricum, Raetia and Iberia). Drawing upon sociolinguistics, bilingualism studies, digital epigraphy, and archaeology, specifically the analysis of writing materials, the area of Nijmegen has been used as a starting point, showing the different phonological features available and how they are distributed on the different writing materials, in terms of studying changes in the Germanies.

The present paper is focussed on the major corpora of non-literary documents written on tablets in Roman Britain. This encompasses the stylus tablets from Londinium-Bloomberg, the ink-written tablets from Carlisle and Vindolanda, and the curse tablets incised on lead. The main purpose of this analysis is to show from a quantitative perspective how these different corpora diverge from each other not only in respect of the writing material but also according to the presence or absence of specific linguistic features: gemination, degemination, vowel syncope, and presence or absence of initial h

Background: An unmet medical need persists for elderly patients (pts) with AML who are deemed not to be fit for intensive chemotherapy. Such pts are usually treated with BSC and hydroxyurea or low-dose cytarabine, but outcomes are dismal. The immunoconjugate GO has shown single agent efficacy and tolerability in older pts with relapsed AML. The AML-19 study was designed as a sequential phase II/III trial comparing GO monotherapy to BSC (including hydroxyurea if clinically indicated) in pts age ≥ 61 yrs with previously untreated AML who were considered unfit for intensive chemotherapy (or refused it). Of the two induction schedules of GO (total dose 9 mg/m2 delivered in 2 or 3 fractions over one week) under comparison in the phase II part of the study, the 2-fraction regimen was found to have the best efficacy profile to warrant phase III comparison with BSC (BJH 2010; 149:376). We herein report the final results of the phase III part of the study. Methods: Untreated pts with de novo or secondary AML, adequate renal and hepatic function, and WBC count Results: Between 11/2004 and 03/2013, 237 pts were randomized from 35 European sites. The intention-to-treat population comprised 118 pts in the GO arm and 119 in the BSC arm. The median age was 77 years (range 62-88) with 64% of pts over 75 years. Baseline characteristics were well balanced between arms. At the final analysis (05/2014 cutoff), 228 deaths occurred: 113/118 (95.8%) in the GO arm, and 115/119 (96.6%) in the BSC arm. GO significantly improved OS (median 4.9 vs 3.6 months; 45.9% vs 29% alive at 6 months; 24.3% vs 9.7% alive at 1 year; 10.3% vs 6.9% alive at 1.5 year; HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.53-0.90; P=0.005) compared with BSC. Subgroup analyses based on stratification factors and other baseline characteristics showed that the OS benefit was generally consistent among subgroups, with a greater effect seen in pts with good/intermediate cytogenetics (median 7.3 vs 3.8 months; HR, 0.48; 99% CI, 0.31-0.75), in those with high CD33 expression (≥81% positive blasts; median 5.5 vs 3.8 months; HR, 0.47; 99% CI, 0.30-0.74), as well as in those with secondary AML (median 7 vs 4 months; HR, 0.55; 99% CI, 0.33-0.91). Among 111 pts who received at least the first dose of GO, the overall complete response rate was 27% (CR 15.3%, CRi 11.7%), and the overall disease control rate (including PR in 5.4% and stable disease for >30 days in 24.3%) was 56.7%. Of the 30 pts who achieved CR/CRi, 28 later relapsed or died in remission (1 infection, 2 general physical deterioration, 2 unknown cause), and the median disease-free survival (DFS) was 5.3 months with a 1-year DFS of 20%. CR/CRi pts had a median survival from remission of 8.2 months, with 40% alive at 1 year. The 30-day all-cause mortality from randomization was comparable in the GO (10.8%) and BSC (13.5%) arms. Most frequent grade 3+ non-hematologic adverse events (AEs) for GO vs BSC were infection (35.1% vs 34.3%), febrile neutropenia (18% vs 23.7%), bleeding (12.6% vs 12.3%), fatigue (11.7% vs 21%), and cardiac toxicity (6.3% vs 14%). Severe liver dysfunction occurred infrequently (2.7% vs 1.8% for GO vs BSC), and no episodes of VOD were reported. Overall, AEs led to GO discontinuation or death in 27 pts (24.3%). Conclusions: Compared with BSC including hydroxyurea as necessary, single agent GO in the dose/schedule chosen significantly improved OS in elderly AML pts not considered fit for intensive chemotherapy, with an acceptable safety profile. Of note, estimates of the benefit of GO were greater in pts presenting with better-risk cytogenetics, high CD33 expression on blast cells, or secondary disease. Disclosures Off Label Use: Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin in AML.