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Objective: Specific content characteristics of suicide media reporting might differentially impact suicides in the population, but studies have not considered the overarching theme of the respective media stories and other relevant outcomes besides suicide, such as help-seeking behaviours. Methods: We obtained 5652 media reports related to suicide from 6 print, 44 broadcast and 251 online sources in Oregon and Washington states, published between April 2019 and March 2020. We conducted a content analysis of stories regarding their overarching focus and specific content characteristics based on media recommendations for suicide reporting. We applied logistic regression analyses to assess how focus and content characteristics were associated with subsequent calls to the US National Suicide Prevention Lifeline (Lifeline) and suicides in these two states in the week after publication compared to a control time period. Results: Compared to a focus on suicide death, a focus on suicidal ideation, suicide prevention, healing stories, community suicide crises/suicide clusters and homicide suicide was associated with more calls. As compared to a focus on suicide death, stories on suicide prevention and stories on community suicide crises/suicide clusters were also associated with no increase in suicides. Regarding specific content characteristics, there were associations that were largely consistent with previous work in the area, for example, an association of celebrity suicide reporting with increases in suicide. Conclusion: The overall focus of a media story may influence help-seeking and suicides, and several story characteristics appear to be related to both outcomes. More research is needed to investigate possible causal effects and pathways.

Lack of knowledge and negative attitudes towards mental health is linked to low utilization of services among Latinxs. Entertainment-education videos have been effective at increasing literacy and reducing stigma across different health domains but Latinxs have not been a focus of research. We developed an E-E video aimed at reducing stigma and increasing mental health literacy. Focus groups (N = 28) and expert consultants (N = 2) were used to aid in the development of the video. After the video was developed, we conducted a randomized control trial (RCT) in which Latina participants (N = 111) were assigned to view the video or receive an informational brochure. Results indicated that participants in the video intervention condition experienced statistically significant increases in mental health literacy as compared to the participants in the flyer condition and that both the video and the flyer contributed to shifts in stigma.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess associations of various content areas of Twitter posts with help-seeking from the US National Suicide Prevention Lifeline (Lifeline) and with suicides. Methods: We retrieved 7,150,610 suicide-related tweets geolocated to the United States and posted between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2018. Using a specially devised machine-learning approach, we categorized posts into content about prevention, suicide awareness, personal suicidal ideation without coping, personal coping and recovery, suicide cases and other. We then applied seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average analyses to assess associations of tweet categories with daily calls to the US National Suicide Prevention Lifeline (Lifeline) and suicides on the same day. We hypothesized that coping-related and prevention-related tweets are associated with greater help-seeking and potentially fewer suicides. Results: The percentage of posts per category was 15.4% (standard deviation: 7.6%) for awareness, 13.8% (standard deviation: 9.4%) for prevention, 12.3% (standard deviation: 9.1%) for suicide cases, 2.4% (standard deviation: 2.1%) for suicidal ideation without coping and 0.8% (standard deviation: 1.7%) for coping posts. Tweets about prevention were positively associated with Lifeline calls ( B = 1.94, SE = 0.73, p = 0.008) and negatively associated with suicides ( B = −0.11, standard error = 0.05, p = 0.038). Total number of tweets were negatively associated with calls ( B = −0.01, standard error = 0.0003, p = 0.007) and positively associated with suicide, ( B = 6.4 × 10−5, standard error = 2.6 × 10−5, p = 0.015). Conclusion: This is the first large-scale study to suggest that daily volume of specific suicide-prevention-related social media content on Twitter corresponds to higher daily levels of help-seeking behaviour and lower daily number of suicide deaths. Preregistration: As Predicted, #66922, 26 May 2021.

The research on ethnic differences in prevalence rates of depression is mixed. Additionally, culture has been hypothesized to impact symptom manifestation. The purpose of this study was to examine prevalence rates of depression among Spanish-speaking Latinx and non-Latinx White (NLW) primary care patients and explore ethnic differences in how depression symptoms manifest. Participants were 240 primary care patients who completed a demographic questionnaire and the Beck Depression-Inventory-2 (BDI-II). Latinx primary care patients had lower prevalence rates of depressive symptoms and less severe depressive symptoms than NLW primary care patients. Holding total BDI-II score constant, Latinxs also endorse pessimism, past failures, feelings of being punished, agitation, and problems with sleeping less than their NLW counterparts. This study adds support to research that indicates that Latinxs have lower rates of depression than NLWs and suggests that Latinxs are not more likely to endorse somatic complaints.

The aim of the study was to derive an empirically based definition of cultural sensitivity (CS) using psychologists as participants. In Study 1, nine psychologists were interviewed and asked how th...

Research on the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) with ethnic minorities in the U.S. is limited. Because Latinxs constitute 18% of the U.S. population and are the second largest ethnic group in the coun...

ObjectiveTo assess changes in daily call volumes to the US National Suicide Prevention Lifeline and in suicides during periods of wide scale public attention to the song “1-800-273-8255” by American hip hop artist Logic.DesignTime series analysis.SettingUnited States, 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2018.ParticipantsTotal US population. Lifeline calls and suicide data were obtained from Lifeline and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Main outcome measuresDaily Lifeline calls and suicide data before and after the release of the song. Twitter posts were used to estimate the amount and duration of attention the song received. Seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average time series models were fitted to the pre-release period to estimate Lifeline calls and suicides. Models were fitted to the full time series with dummy variables for periods of strong attention to the song.ResultsIn the 34 day period after the three events with the strongest public attention (the song’s release, the MTV Video Music Awards 2017, and Grammy Awards 2018), Lifeline received an excess of 9915 calls (95% confidence interval 6594 to 13 236), an increase of 6.9% (95% confidence interval 4.6% to 9.2%, PConclusionsLogic’s song “1-800-273-8255” was associated with a large increase in calls to Lifeline. A reduction in suicides was observed in the periods with the most social media discourse about the song.

Violence against women continues to be a great concern in today’s society. In the United States, women experience high rates of interpersonal violence throughout their lifetime. Among Latinas, interpersonal violence is also highly prevalent however the wide variation of interpersonal prevalence rates among Latinas is problematic. The aims of this systematic review of the literature were to (1) document the prevalence rates of violence among Latinas, (2) determine the types of violence that Latinas are most impacted by, and (3) assess the prevalence rates of interpersonal across Latina subethnicities. The research was based on seven databases including PsycArticles, PsycCRITIQUES, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect, Social Services Abstracts, Social Work Abstracts, and PubMED for articles published from January 2007 up to July 2017. The following key words were used in the search: (Latinas OR Latinos OR Hispanics) AND (victim OR victimization) AND (domestic violence OR intimate partner violence OR Interpersonal Violence). We identified 41 articles in our search that reported rates of interpersonal violence which ranged from 1% to 83% with intimate partner violence and domestic violence being the most prevalent. Interpersonal violence was found to be more prevalent among individuals who identified as Mexican. Based on the findings, it is clear that efforts should be focused on conducting a lager national survey of interpersonal violence among Latinas. It would need to include subethnicity, immigration status, and type of abuse experienced and possibly add socioeconomic factors.

Due to a growing interest for imagery with high spatial and spectral resolution, Earth Observation sensors are producing increasing amounts of data. This poses a severe challenge in terms of computational, memory and transmission requirements. In order to overcome these limitations, a fascinating approach is the implementation of a compressive sensing architecture. In this paper, we present an instrumental concept based on the use of a spatial light modulator to implement a super-resolved, compressive demonstrator of an instrument aimed at Earth Observation in the visible and medium infrared spectral regions from geostationary platform.

American Psychological Association requires that psychologists be aware of and respect the cultural characteristics of their clients which includes psychologists being aware of any biases and prejudice they may hold. Being aware of cultural characteristics, which include age, gender, ethnicity, race, religion, and other cultural factors, is important. Given the diversity in the USA, there is a need for guidelines focused on cultural consideration when working with diverse clients. In this chapter we provide an overview of cultural considerations in training, practices, and limitations in the context of service delivery.

Previously termed social phobia, social anxiety disorder (SAD) is persistent fear and anxiety in one or more social or performance situations in which an individual may be exposed to scrutiny or negative evaluation by others. In the USA it is estimated that about 7% of adults aged 18 years or older had social anxiety in the past year, while about 13% of US adults had experienced SAD in their lifetime. Discrimination and fear of discrimination has been linked to increased symptoms of SAD. Several evidence-based treatments have been adapted to address the specific needs of individuals with SAD, including a cognitive behavioral therapy group focused on addressing the experiences of marginalization. In this chapter we discuss prevalence rates of SAD among different ethnic groups, adapted treatments for working with people with SAD, and describe several guidelines and principles to assist in working with the individuals with SAD.

In the USA, the LGBT community has grown significantly and continues to grow. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals encounter a range of stressors throughout their lifetime. Compared to heterosexuals the LGBT community reports higher prevalence rates of anxiety, depression, trauma, substance abuse, and suicide. Minority stress has been linked to increased psychological distress among sexual minorities, specifically prejudice and discrimination. Several evidence-based treatments have been adapted to address the specific needs of the LGBT community, including addressing minority stress, specifically cognitive behavioral therapy. In this chapter we discuss prevalence’s rates of psychological distress among the LGBT community, adapted treatments for working with LGBT, and describe several guidelines and principles to assist in working with the LGBT community.

Objective The current qualitative study assessed the immigration experiences of eight Latinos who immigrated to the United States when they were children and who spent their childhood undocumented. While researchers have highlighted the challenges undocumented youth face in healthcare, mental health, and educational contexts, this study addresses the need for additional research on the immigration process and adaptation experiences of undocumented child immigrants. Methods Participants were interviewed using a semi-structured interview protocol and the interviews were transcribed and analyzed for themes using two coding cycles. Results The following themes arose and are discussed in detail: the immigration process, recollections of the process, experiences in the U.S., liminality, and resiliency. Conclusion The findings describe that undocumented youth experience many hardships such as psychological distress, concerns with educational success, and cultural vacillation, however, they continue to persevere in the United States.

Two research questions guided this study. What is the difference, if any, between Latinx and non-Latinx Whites (NLWs) in mental health literacy about depression, depression-related stigma, and lifetime history of behavioral health service use? and Does mental health literacy and depression-related stigma mediate the relationship between ethnicity and lifetime history of behavioral health service use? Data for this cross-sectional study was collected from a primary care clinic. Participants (N = 271) completed measures on mental health literacy and stigma. Results from a multivariate analysis of covariance revealed that Latinxs had lower levels of mental health literacy, higher levels of stigma, and lower lifetime prevalence rates of behavioral health service use. Results from a path analysis indicated that personal stigma partially mediated the relationship between ethnicity and lifetime history of behavioral health service use. Interventions targeting stigma may reduce disparities in behavioral health service utilization.

This chapter summarizes literature relevant to sexual assault as it relates to ethnic minorities. The range in prevalence rates across studies vary widely possibly due to the manner in which sexual assault is defined, the methodologies used in gathering prevalence rate data, and cultural characteristics that may influence reporting rates. This chapter provides an overview of the literature on ethnic minorities and forensic interviewing, assessment, and treatment to the common sequalae of sexual assault, and prevention of sexual assault.

The Latino population has been recognized as one of the fastest-growing groups in the United States. Among this group, estimates of the prevalence rates of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) have been reported to range from 1% to 11%. While the treatment for GAD has been well researched among the general population, the bulk of this research has not included Spanish speakers. Working with the Spanish-speaking community requires awareness of the diversity of the Latino population and the cultural factors that may impact the presentation of generalized anxiety disorder. This book chapter aims to better prepare providers to work with the Latino community, specifically Spanish-speaking individuals with GAD. In this chapter, an overview of (1) cultural considerations in the presentation of GAD among Latinos, (2) evidence-based practices as they apply to Latinos in general and with regard to GAD specifically, (3) a session plan for treating GAD from an evidence-based perspective, and (4) Spanish language worksheets and tools that can be used in session is provided.

Background Improving asthma knowledge and self-management is a common focus of asthma educational programs, but most programs have had little influence on morbidity outcomes. We developed a novel multiple-component intervention that included the use of an asthma education video game intended to promote adoption of asthma self-management behaviors and appropriate asthma care. Objective To determine the effectiveness of an asthma education video game in reducing morbidity among highrisk, school-aged children with asthma. Methods We enrolled 119 children aged 5 to 12 years from low-income, urban areas in and around San Francisco, CA, and San Jose, CA. Children with moderate-to-severe asthma and parental reports of significant asthma health care utilization were randomized to participate in the disease management intervention or to receive their usual care (control group). Patients were evaluated for clinical and quality-of-life outcomes at weeks 8, 32, and 52 of the study. Results Compared with controls, the intervention group had significant improvements in the physical domain ( P = .04 and P = .01 at 32 and 52 weeks, respectively) and social activity domain ( P = .02 and P = .05 at 32 and 52 weeks, respectively) of asthma quality of life on the Child Health Survey for Asthma and child ( P = .02 at 8 weeks) and parent ( P = .04 and .004 at 32 and 52 weeks, respectively) asthma self-management knowledge. There were no significant differences between groups on clinical outcome variables. Conclusions A multicomponent educational, behavioral, and medical intervention targeted at highrisk, innercity children with asthma can improve asthma knowledge and quality of life.

Increased spatial resolution and revisit time of payloads operating in the infrared spectral region can offer unprecedented advantages to Earth Observation. This, however, poses several techno-logical challenges, such as large array detector availability and data bandwidth. In this paper, we present a super-resolved demonstrator - based on a compressive sensing architecture - which is being developed to address enhanced performance in terms of at-ground spatial resolution, on-board data processing and encryption functionalities for Earth Observation payloads. The de-monstrator's architecture is here presented together with its working principle, main features and the approach used for image reconstruction.