33 results on '"Françoise Dupeyron-Lafay"'
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2. The Music and (dis)harmony of (anti)utopia in Samuel Butler’s Erewhon
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Françoise Dupeyron-Lafay
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music ,(dis)harmony ,eutopia ,(anti)utopia ,satire ,irony ,History of Great Britain ,DA1-995 - Abstract
Unlike architecture, music is mostly a marginal or infrequent aspect of utopian literature, though usually invested with solely positive connotations. It is however particularly prominent in Samuel Butler’s Erewhon but it is only described negatively, as unpleasant, discordant and even cacophonous. This is where Butler’s radical originality lies: firstly in this diversion of the laudatory, spiritualized conception of music and of its utopian associations; and secondly in the (re)appropriation of music for satiric and anti-utopian purposes. After a brief survey of the usual role and connotations of music in utopias, this paper will focus on its value and symbolism before the narrator’s stay in Erewhon. It will then address its representation in the unknown land that collapses the literal (acoustic) and social meanings of discordance with unpleasant or cacophonous music as the index to a dysfunctional world and its ethical flaws. Lastly, the article will deal with the narrator’s unstable stance and views, which, together with the generic and tonal hybridity of the text and its ironic logic, alternating between satire and (anti)utopia, make the novel go through a series of perplexing ideological fluctuations. Like the cacophonous music of Erewhon, the message conveyed is ultimately ambiguous and at times discordant.
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- 2019
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3. Genera Mixta in Herbert George Wells’s Industrial Romance ‘The Cone’ (1895): Realism, the Uncanny Fantastic, the Industrial Sublime and the Tragic
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Françoise Dupeyron-Lafay
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Dickens (Charles) ,machinery ,melancholy ,generic hybridity ,realism ,romance ,History of Great Britain ,DA1-995 - Abstract
Despite their growing importance in Victorian society, machines are underrepresented in ‘industrial’ or ‘social problem’ fiction. H. G. Wells’s short stories and novellas of the 1890s are a notable exception. While ‘The Cone’ is indebted to the mid-Victorian (cautionary) tradition and especially to Dickens’s Hard Times, these features are inflected in an innovative and pioneering way mainly due to the text’s unprecedented generic hybridity. The industrial sublime coexists with a generalized sense of melancholy, shown as the new social disease affecting middle-class characters—and no longer the working-class underdogs or ‘Hands’ of previous texts—in a disfigured world deserted by God. ‘The Cone’ could be called an ‘industrial romance’, a category subsuming its genera mixta status: its convincing, realistic substratum (the industrial world of the 1890s in the Newcastle area), its love (and revenge) plot within an industrial context, the presence of dark Biblical symbolism within the realistic mode, and an approach to the human psyche inspired from contemporary psychological research and formulated through the uncanny. The realistic descriptive regime is inflected by a fantastic form of poetics fostered by complex images of repression and voracious orality whereby the figurations of the industrial setting and its omnipresent machinery serve as indirect psychological expressions, both of the unknown depths of an individual’s psyche (Horrocks’s) and of a large-scale collective crisis, so that machinery also turns out to be the tragic paradigm of late Victorian industrial society.
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- 2018
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4. P. G. Wodehouse’s ‘Thoughtful Lightness’ and Detached Involvement: Satire, Parody and the Subversive Use of the Canonical Intertext in Code of the Woosters (1938)
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Françoise Dupeyron-Lafay
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Boundaries ,canon ,class ,comedy ,gender ,genres ,Arts in general ,NX1-820 ,English language ,PE1-3729 ,English literature ,PR1-9680 - Abstract
P. G. Wodehouse has long been neglected, if not ostracised, by academia and critics, because of a persistent prejudice against light writing and reading. He was (re)discovered from 2000 onwards, a period corresponding to a new critical awareness that aesthetics and ideology cannot be understood in isolation, and that ‘levity’ does not necessarily mean shallowness. This paper will analyse the modalities of comedy and humour in The Code of the Woosters—particularly the burlesque and mock-heroic diversion of the proliferating classical and Biblical intertexts, as well as the subversive use of parody, by Bertie Wooster, the falsely naïve first-person narrator who often plays the role of his creator’s spokesman. Wodehouse’s comic stories and hugely enjoyable style have an often unperceived or ignored ideological and satirical subtext. He was undeniably a comic genius but no mere ‘entertainer’. His novels operate both comic and iconoclastic attacks on gender roles, class relations and the canon. There is actually more complexity, more ‘thoughtful lightness’ to his works than he had so far been credited with.
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- 2016
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5. Traversées, hybridations grotesques et inquiétante étrangeté dans The Island of Dr Moreau (1896) de H. G. Wells : la mort de l’humain ?
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Françoise DUPEYRON-LAFAY
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Moreau ,Prendick ,island ,jungle ,crossing ,crossings ,English language ,PE1-3729 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Edward Prendick, the protagonist and narrator of The Island of Dr Moreau, embarks on a hazardous and terrifying crossing (between England and an unknown Pacific island) that will lead to other types of crossings – biological, taxonomical, psychological, ontological and generic ones. They will irretrievably make him a stranger to himself. Wells’s evolutionist work, like Dr Moreau’s laboratory, actually explores the problematic concepts of civilization and humanity and shows how permeable the frontiers between humans and animals are and how they insidiously dissolve, so that the humanization of animals (by Moreau) is paralleled by the (spontaneous) animalization of humans, a darkly disturbing form of regression that represents the return of the repressed, and one of the modalities of the Freudian unheimlich. Biological and ontological hybridity goes along with literary hybridity in this angst-ridden narrative that fuses science, realism and the fantastic, collapsing binary oppositions and resting on an ever-shifting in-between, grotesque logic. The island on which Prendick is compelled to live for months, instead of leading to (re)construction as in traditional utopias, is an anarchic tropical jungle that deconstructs and shatters all his norms and certainties, reflecting his wild and alien(ated) state.
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- 2016
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6. Hilary Grimes, The Late Victorian Gothic
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Françoise Dupeyron-Lafay
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History of Great Britain ,DA1-995 - Published
- 2013
7. Les voyages dans les ghost stories de Montagu Rhodes James : à la découverte d’horizons inattendus
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Françoise Dupeyron-Lafay
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Ghost stories ,Gothic ,horizon ,James (M. R.) ,travelling ,uncanny ,History of Great Britain ,DA1-995 - Abstract
This paper will examine the meaning and modalities of travelling and « the horizon » in five ghost stories from M. R. James’s 1904 collection Ghost Stories of an Antiquary featuring erudite Englishmen, most of whom Oxbridge academics and researchers, specialising in archaeology or history. These prim and fussy bachelors embark on their scholarly field studies in a very buoyant mood, hoping to make key discoveries in situ although the prospect of travelling somewhat disturbs them, the more so as four out of five of them have to go abroad and stay at foreign inns or hotels... As a matter of fact, James perpetuates the period Gothic tradition whereby foreign countries — and more especially « Papist » ones — symbolise danger and threat. Moreover, as could be expected in ghost stories, in which anxiety and terror are prerequisites of the genre, the characters’ journeys will not have gratifying intellectual results but will be traumatic and lead to unpalatable intimate discoveries. All five characters experience something terrifying, descend into literal and metaphoric depths, and one of them even meets his death because of it. But ironically, even if the things or creatures that menace them initially seem alien to them, they turn out to be part of them, as in Freud’s uncanny.
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- 2012
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8. Richard S. Albright, Writing the Past, Writing the Future : Time and Narrative in Gothic and Sensation Fiction
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Françoise Dupeyron-Lafay
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History of Great Britain ,DA1-995 - Published
- 2011
9. La représentation paradoxale du chemin de fer chez Dickens : fantastique et mythe au service d’une peinture de la modernité dans Dombey and Son (1848) et « No. 1 Branch Line. The Signal-Man » (1866)
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Françoise Dupeyron-Lafay
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History of Great Britain ,DA1-995 - Abstract
With George Cruikshank’s famous engraving London Going out of Town. The March of Bricks and Mortar (1829), that gives a nightmare, fantastic image of the ravages of urbanization, we can notice the innovative resort to the Gothic to deal with modern phenomena, something as yet unprecedented in the arts, and a device that will also be used by Dickens in the 1850s and 60s to evoke the railway. However, this recourse to the Gothic represents a paradox as the Gothic is supposed to belong to the dark, distant, uncivilized medieval past and it is here used to describe the new living conditions of the industrial era, and the growth of technology. Somehow, it seems logical to resort to the linguistic and symbolic tools of the uncanny to represent new, unknown and destabilizing realities, as in « The Signal-Man ». But what appears more surprising and paradoxical is the use of archaic elements, such as myth, and teratological images—as in Dombey and Son—to depict modernity. The reason may lie in the fact that trains or factories, belching fumes and staining everything about them, were seen as dangerous, all-powerful, voracious monsters and that writers were powerless in front of such disturbing, unprecedented phenomena and had to fall back on familiar, reassuring narrative techniques to come to terms with them. Describing new facts of life with old tools—this is the central paradox and the essential originality of Dickens’s fiction on the railway.
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- 2010
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10. The Conflicting Poetics of Antiquity in De Quincey’s Autobiographical Works: Orestes, Oedipus and the Expression of Trauma
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Françoise Dupeyron-Lafay
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Classical heritage ,autobiography ,rhetoric ,Greek tragedy ,Orestes ,Oedipus ,Sociology (General) ,HM401-1281 - Abstract
Thomas De Quincey was a distinguished classicist who appropriated the Greek antique heritage in his works, both formally and thematically. Some of his texts are informed by rhetorical and oratorical models, as had often been the case for didactic essays from the early 17th century onwards in Britain. But De Quincey’s originality lies elsewhere, since this rhetoric, as an instrument ensuring measure and (self-)control, is at odds with his groundbreaking (and uncanny) resort to Greek tragic models (Sophocles and Euripides, in particular) in his autobiographical texts. He pioneered the use of the Greek tragic heritage as the expression of dysfunctional family relationships, personal emotional trouble and trauma. The figure of Orestes in The Confessions of an English Opium-Eater, and above all that of Oedipus which literally haunts his autobiographical works and even features in some of his essays, represent his own uncanny doubles―explicitly in the case of Orestes, and in a barely disguised way in that of Oedipus. This diverting, or even twisting, of the classical heritage for introspection purposes was quite unprecedented but is also deeply illuminating. Stylistically, thematically and ideologically, the “law of antagonism” that was the cornerstone of De Quincey’s conception of existence, also shapes his works, with a permanent tension between balance and control (achieved through classic rhetoric) and the emotional violence, and the threat of disintegration (expressed by the Greek tragic paradigms). The paper highlights the radically new use of the (fantasized) tragic figures of Orestes and Oedipus as autobiographical vehicles, showing how they serve as the filters through which the author revisits his painful childhood and youth, his disturbed relationship with his mother, and represents them reticently and obliquely.
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- 2015
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11. La représentation du père Brown et du mal dans les nouvelles policières de G. K. Chesterton : The Innocence of Father Brown (1911), entre orthodoxie et hétérodoxie
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Françoise Dupeyron-Lafay
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History of Great Britain ,DA1-995 ,English literature ,PR1-9680 - Abstract
Chesterton’s choice of Father Brown, a Catholic priest, as the amateur detective of his short stories is not an orthodox one and the unflattering way in which he is portrayed is still less so, although the priest, inspired from a real-life model, turns out to be peerless. He embodies and voices the Christian values shared by his author. But despite the explicit orthodox message, an insidious, subliminal form of heterodoxy filters through: the representation of crime is highly aesthetic and the borderline between good and evil, sometimes blurred.
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- 2013
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12. La peur dans The City of Dreadful Night (1874) de James Thomson
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Françoise Dupeyron-Lafay
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History of Great Britain ,DA1-995 - Abstract
The 19th century city, in real life and fiction alike, concentrated and crystallized society’s most deep-seated fears and became a favourite locale for anxiety and anguish. The City of Dreadful Night (1874) by James Thomson (1834-1882) obviously belongs to the literary tradition of the « dark city » which spans the whole century, from Blake and De Quincey on. Thomson’s nameless but emblematic « city », as the definite article in the title shows, gathers many tropes already featured in previous texts—the labyrinth, darkness and gloom, the figure of the wanderer. It then forms a literary, pictorial and autobiographical palimpsest, under the aegis of Dürer’s Melencolia (1514). However, the poem conjures up a distorted and hallucinated image of London and Thomson’s atheism and pessimism—quite akin to Schopenhauer’s—make his nightmarish and crepuscular « city » stand out against the mainstream. Although its form is largely indebted to 19th century poetic codes, the mood of The City surprisingly pre-dates the 20th century sense of the tragic and the absurd. One of the epigraphs is drawn from Dante’s Inferno, but in the poem, hell has nothing to do with the punishment the damned undergo in the world beyond. It is actually the lot of the living, doomed to endless wandering, without any hope of a better hereafter. Thomson’s city, contaminated by a mysterious disease, haunted by fear, is a self-enclosed, solipsistic, meaningless world, a world without God or ideals. It offers a despairing allegory of the « hell of modernity ». And in this doomed world, the most frightening thing is not so much death as life...
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- 2008
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13. L’excès dans la fiction de Wilkie Collins
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Françoise Dupeyron-Lafay
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History of Great Britain ,DA1-995 - Abstract
Excess is omnipresent in Wilkie Collins’s novels, but this paper will focus on Basil (1852), No Name (1862), The Moonstone (1868), Man and Wife (1870) and The Law and The Lady (1875). Actually, the modes and manifestations of excess cannot be limited to extrovert behaviour, unbridled passions, and all types of gothic violence. In these works, some of the reserved and unobtrusive female characters that embody excess « err » on the side of introversion, retreat into silence and illness and become almost « invisible ». This policy of self-censorship, and excessive somatization, gives a symptomatic function to excess as a revelator of social pathologies (unfair patriarchal laws) and family disorders — repressive and unhealthy marital situations and all forms of abuse inflicted on wives. All these variations on the gothic pattern of persecution enacted in « the secret theatre of home » serve to expose and denounce social and family diseases.Physical and mental disease is of course a central concern for two major male (though sexually ambiguous) Collinsian figures, namely Ezra Jennings in The Moonstone—an opium (ab)user like Thomas De Quincey (a strong influence in the novel) and like Collins himself—and Miserrimus Dexter (associated with a Romantic intertext of excess) in The Law and The Lady. Paradoxically, the resolution of both (detective) novels, the return to order and normality are finally achieved thanks to Jennings (a sick and ostracized doctor) and Dexter (a crippled amateur artist threatened with incurable madness). Both men are ill, marginal, stand for eccentricity and excess, and occasionally act as Collins’s mouthpieces, too.The writer’s ironic and subversive use of these characters to promote « happy endings » may therefore be regarded as another kind of excess.
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- 2006
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14. Gene Wolfe’s ‘The Fifth Head of Cerberus’ (1972), or an Uncanny Science Fiction Revision of Proust’s À la Recherche du temps perdu: Remembrance of Things Past, Remembering Oneself
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Françoise Dupeyron-Lafay
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Arts in general ,NX1-820 ,English language ,PE1-3729 ,English literature ,PR1-9680 - Abstract
The question of memory constitutes the core of Gene Wolfe’s science fiction novella. The opening section can be read as a clear echo of the beginning of Du Côté de chez Swann. But the (implicit) Proustian intertext, prevalent though it is, coexists with references to Dickens (David Copperfield), the Bible, Greek mythology, and is integrated to an uncanny fantasy realm that is both very archaic (existence of a slave trade, old- world French toponymy) and belongs to a scientifically advanced era (using cloning and parthenogenesis).As Wolfe’s text belongs to the dystopian tradition (like Brave New World, 1984 and Fahrenheit 451), the problem of memory must be addressed alongside the question of identity taken in at least two senses, sameness or similarity. Wolfe’s narrator simply must recapture the past to reconstruct it and himself. The ultimate aim of remembering is re-membering himself, (re)building his identity. The open conclusion of the novella provisionally answers one (if not the) major question posed by the text. Why write at all?
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- 2005
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15. Les doubles et les échos élégiaques et prophétiques du moi « étranger » dans les écrits autobiographiques (1821-1856) de Thomas De Quincey
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Françoise Dupeyron-Lafay
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L’autobiographie est une enonciation qui, a la maniere d’un echo longtemps differe, reproduit et fait entendre un « texte » original (le vecu du sujet, son passe) mais en l’alterant, en le reduisant, et/ou en l’amplifiant, ce qui, paradoxalement, en revele la verite profonde et l’etrangete irreductible. En cela, les mecanismes mis en œuvre par l’autobiographie s’apparentent aussi a ceux de la traduction comme si le passe etait ecrit dans une langue etrangere. A la maniere de certains paysages propices aux jeux d’echos, l’œuvre quinceyenne est remplie d’echos et de reverberations, reels et fantasmes, elegiaques et premonitoires, notamment ceux de la Whispering Gallery de Saint-Paul ou resonne deja l’echo prophetique et terrifiant de ce qui n’etait pas encore advenu. Le corpus fait non seulement entendre, sur le mode de la hantise, la voix des defunts, mais aussi celle de De Quincey enfant dont il transcrit l’echo, tel un medium. Mais il y a aussi sa propre voix narrative, instable, multiple et spectrale qui resonne a travers plusieurs doubles, tel « Le Sombre Interprete » des Suspiria, a la fois reflet et echo, et qui est etroitement associe a son sentiment de deuil inguerissable depuis son enfance, apres la mort de sa sœur. Comme la Whispering Gallery, cet echo oraculaire, crypte et fantomatique de la voix de l’ecrivain nous permettra d’analyser les distorsions temporelles induites par les diverses modalites de la repetition (acoustique et textuelle), leur logique et leur origine traumatique.
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- 2018
16. The Violence and Monstrosity of Time: The Symbolism of Oceans and the Representations of Leviathan and the Kraken in English Poetry and Literature
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Françoise Dupeyron-Lafay, Institut des Mondes Anglophone, Germanique et Roman - EA 3958 (IMAGER), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), and Imager, Admin
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[SHS.LITT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Literature ,media_common.quotation_subject ,disappearance of God ,Léviathan ,pouvoir usurpé ,[SHS.LITT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Literature ,sublime ,création littéraire ,circularité ,death ,shipwreck ,abyss ,traversée ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,media_common ,océan ,circularity ,Kraken ,usurped power ,mort ,General Medicine ,Art ,destruction ,16. Peace & justice ,Sublime ,tragic time ,ocean ,literary creation ,voyage ,disparition de Dieu ,naufrage ,temps tragique ,abysses ,English poetry ,Ethnology ,Leviathan ,Humanities - Abstract
Jusqu’au XVIIIe siècle, la vision des océans et du Léviathan comme forces du mal et du chaos primordial, que seul Dieu pouvait tenir en respect, était essentiellement d’inspiration biblique. Dans son essai de 1757, A Philosophical Enquiry, Edmund Burke en fit pour la première fois des modèles du sublime. Ce nouveau statut, les remous de l’histoire européenne de la fin du XVIIIe siècle, et le fait que les Romantiques aient redécouvert la Grèce antique (la mer étant un symbole majeur dans Œdipe à Colone de Sophocle) expliquent la récurrence accrue du tragique et de la mort associés aux voyages maritimes. Mais cette nouvelle approche se démarquait radicalement de la théologie de la Grâce et de la promesse de la destruction ultime de la Bête. Les poèmes de Coleridge, Shelley, ou Tennyson et l’autobiographie d’Osbert Sitwell évoqués ici expriment la désorientation des auteurs dans un monde incompréhensible abandonné de Dieu, et leur expérience de la création comme tout autant consolatrice qu’angoissante et « prométhéenne ». Nous analyserons donc la manière dont les océans déchaînés et leurs créatures répondaient au besoin des artistes de métaphoriser la monstruosité du temps dans un monde sans Dieu, de donner forme au trauma individuel et collectif, et de définir leur statut de créateurs. Until the eighteenth century, the vision of oceans and Leviathan as forces of evil and primordial chaos, only controlled by God, had mainly been influenced by the Biblical tradition. In his 1757 A Philosophical Enquiry, Edmund Burke reassessed them as paradigms of the sublime. This new status, together with the violent episodes of late eighteenth-century European history, and the Romantics’ turning to Ancient Greece—the sea being a major symbol in Sophocles’ Oedipus at Colonus—, accounted for the increasing frequency of the fatal and tragic voyage and shipwreck topoï in literature. But this also meant a complete break with the theology of Grace promising the ultimate destruction of the Beast. The poems by Coleridge, Shelley, or Tennyson, and Osbert Sitwell’s autobiography express the artists’ disorientation in an incomprehensible world forsaken by God, and their experience of creation as compensatory but angst-ridden and “Promethean”. This paper will address the way furious oceans and their creatures answered writers’ need to metaphorize the monstrosity of time in a godless world, to image individual and collective trauma, and define themselves as creators.
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- 2017
17. The Role of Hypallage in Dickens’ Poetics of the City: The Unheimlich Voices of Martin Chuzzlewit
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Françoise Dupeyron-Lafay
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Power (social and political) ,Literature ,Poetics ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Art history ,Meaning (non-linguistic) ,Art ,Hypallage ,business ,Literal and figurative language ,media_common - Abstract
This chapter addresses the multi-layered meaning and the long-range power of hypallage as it defamiliarises the world and reveals the hidden truth of the city. Dickens is the creator of a powerful poetics of the city resting on the use of hypallage and synesthaesia. Martin Chuzzlewit resonates with strange noises and unheimlich voices such as the ‘rusty noise’ of a bolt, or the ‘mouldy sighs’ of a lattice in a London cellar. Representing sounds was a linguistic and literary challenge that Dickens was not afraid of referring to a noise as ‘rusty’ goes beyond the merely denotative or figurative functions of language since it conflates visual, auditory, and temporal properties, creating a ‘spot of time’ with its symbolic and proleptic functions.
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- 2017
18. The Ambivalent Meaning of Gold in Victorian Fiction: Golden Hair and Golden Voices in George Eliot’s Silas Marner
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Françoise Dupeyron-Lafay
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capitalisme ,mythologie ,réification ,commodification ,media_common.quotation_subject ,mythology ,ambivalence ,Ambivalence ,metaphor ,Meaning (semiotics) ,monetary value ,Monetary value ,enslavement ,dehumanization ,poétique de l’or ,capitalism ,spiritualité ,poetics of gold ,greed ,media_common ,déshumanisation ,Trilby ,métaphore ,General Medicine ,Art ,asservissement ,spirituality ,valeur monétaire ,Ethnology ,symbolique ,symbolic ,cupidité ,Humanities - Abstract
La signification et le symbolisme de l’or, dans l’Antiquité, dans diverses mythologies du monde, ou dans la Bible, ont toujours été ambivalents car ce métal précieux et inaltérable possède une valeur monétaire et spirituelle. Il symbolise tantôt l’innocence originelle, tantôt l’immortalité et l’élévation spirituelle en raison de sa parenté avec le soleil, mais aussi la perfection et l’idéal, ce qui explique la quête de nombreux héros (la toison d’or, les pommes d’or du jardin des Hespérides, l’or du Rhin, etc.). Mais si le soleil est source de vie, il peut aussi brûler et détruire. De même, l’or est un métal parfait mais parfois un cadeau empoisonné qui engendre la cupidité et la discorde. Il peut faire le malheur de l’homme et l’asservir, comme dans la légende du roi Midas, et il peut aussi tuer.Toutes ces valeurs de l’or sont présentes dans l’art et la littérature du XIXe siècle qui comportent de nombreux échos intertextuels des récits mythologiques et bibliques mais se réapproprient cet héritage ancestral et l’adaptent au nouveau contexte esthétique, social, économique et idéologique de l’époque victorienne pour aborder les problèmes contemporains. Les maux engendrés par la nouvelle philosophie capitaliste à l’ère industrielle infléchissent donc le traitement de l’or dans les textes de George Eliot, Bram Stoker et George du Maurier. Dans son essai de 1860, « Les Veines de la richesse », Ruskin s’insurgeait contre l’iniquité du système, et dénonçait les effets déshumanisants et délétères de la nouvelle « économie mercantile » dont certains « trésors » étaient « gorgés de larmes humaines ». Il considérait que « certains types d’or » avaient au soleil « un éclat plus brillant que leur véritable essence ». Cet essai fait se rejoindre le métaphorique (le corps social) et le littéral (le corps des travailleurs) et postule que « la circulation de la richesse d’une nation ressemble à celle du sang dans un corps vivant », annonçant le traitement très métaphorique et métonymique que Eliot, Stoker et du Maurier donnent de l’or, et la façon dont ils soulignent sa valeur et son pouvoir ambigus au sein de la nouvelle culture capitaliste. Dans Silas Marner, dans la nouvelle de Stoker, et dans Trilby, l’or possède une signification concrète et abstraite (symbolique). Au sens propre, comme figuré, il est incarné par les cheveux des personnages féminins (Eliot et Stoker) et par la « voix en or » de Trilby. La poétique complexe mise en œuvre dans les trois textes – l’or qui coule, qui pousse, qui se change en musique, qui devient un creuset alchimique ou une puissance meurtrière – donne toute la mesure de sa complexité. En effet, son humanisation apparente (et sa féminisation) coexistent avec la réification (effective ou potentielle), voire l’instrumentalisation, d’êtres humains, état de fait engendré par la nouvelle économie « mercantile ». The meaning and symbolism of gold, in classical Antiquity, in various world mythologies, or in the Bible, have always been ambivalent since it is a precious, stainless metal with both a monetary and a spiritual value. It can stand for primeval innocence, for immortality and spiritual elevation because of its kinship with the sun, and it is associated with perfection and the ideal as many heroes’ quests show (the golden fleece, the golden apples in the garden of the Hesperides, the gold of the Rhine, etc.). But, just as the sun is life-giving, it can also burn and destroy. Likewise, gold, although a perfect metal, can be a poisoned gift with evil or even fatal effects, becoming a source of greed and discord, or the origin of man’s misery and enslavement, as in the legend of King Midas.All these aspects of gold are particularly well illustrated by 19th-century literature and art which not only feature numerous intertextual echoes of mythical and Biblical narratives, but re-appropriate and rework this age-old fund to address contemporary problems, within the new aesthetic, social, economic and ideological contexts. The capitalistic ethos and rampant industrialization, with their attendant social and moral evils, form the substratum accounting for the presence and distinctively Victorian treatment of gold in George Eliot’s, Bram Stoker’s and George Du Maurier’s texts. By then, money and capital had become prime movers and the new social conditions were uncongenial to human values such as social justice, the sense of community and personal fulfilment, a state of things denounced by Ruskin in his 1860 essay “The Veins of Wealth”, where he condemned the dehumanizing and deleterious consequences of the “mercantile economy”, claiming that “Some treasures are heavy with human tears, as an ill-stored harvest with untimely rain; and some gold is brighter in sunshine than it is in substance” (251). The essay collapses the metaphoric (the social body) and the literal (workers’ bodies), positing that “the circulation of wealth in a nation resembles that of the blood in a natural body” (247). This prefigures the metaphoric and metonymic treatment of gold by Eliot, Stoker and Du Maurier who highlight its ambiguous power and value within the new capitalistic ideology. In Silas Marner, Stoker’s story, and Trilby, gold has both a concrete and abstract symbolic meaning. It is literally and metaphorically embodied by female characters’ hair (Eliot and Stoker) and by Trilby’s “golden” voice. The complex poetics the three texts mobilize—whereby gold appears as flowing, growing, turned into music, as an alchemical transformer or a fatal agency—gives full justice to its complex meaning since its apparent humanization (and feminization) coexists uneasily with the (actualized or potential) reification, if not commodification, of human beings produced by the new “mercantile” economy.
- Published
- 2016
19. The Art of Walking and the Mindscapes of Trauma in Thomas De Quincey’s Autobiographical Works: The Pains of Wandering, the Pains of Remembering
- Author
-
Françoise Dupeyron-Lafay
- Subjects
Power (social and political) ,Paradise lost ,Aesthetics ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Alienation ,Art history ,Biography ,Alien ,Art ,Romance ,Theme (narrative) ,media_common - Abstract
Walking is a central theme and a major structuring power in De Quincey’s autobiographical works, conditioning their chronology, geography, tempo and form. He relocated the “peripatetic” in a new, darker environment—the metropolis and its pariahs—sowing the seeds of many modern urban topoi, and becoming the literary architect of modern London as an enigmatic, alien, palimpsest-like mindscape controlled by a subliminal and emotional form of logic fostered by opium but, more importantly, by childhood trauma. Because of his lifelong sense of exile and alienation, and his pioneering (dis)figuration of London (a site of fixation in his texts), his works, long marginalized as minor Romantic oddities, fully deserve to be recognized as major landmarks in the joint history of autobiography, pedestrian mobility, and urban writing.
- Published
- 2016
20. Hilary Grimes, The Late Victorian Gothic
- Author
-
Françoise Dupeyron-Lafay
- Subjects
Cultural Studies ,Literature and Literary Theory - Published
- 2012
21. La figure de Lilith dans l’œuvre de Dante Gabriel Rossetti : des tableaux aux sonnets (1864-1873)
- Author
-
Françoise Dupeyron-Lafay
- Abstract
Le cas du tableau intitulé Lady Lilith (1864-1868), et de ses liens avec le sonnet « Lilith » (1866), est véritablement paradigmatique du fonctionnement de l’œuvre de Rossetti, célèbre pour ses doubles œuvres d’art, des diptyques composés d’un tableau accompagné d’un poème, les deux étant indépendants mais aussi interdépendants. Selon les cas, l’artiste faisait apparaître le texte de son poème sur le cadre du tableau lui-même, ou sur la toile, ou au dos, ou pas du tout, le poème n’apparaissan...
- Published
- 2012
22. La Sacralisation littéraire et picturale de la montagne au XIXe siècle : (re)naissances et épiphanies
- Author
-
Françoise Dupeyron-Lafay
- Subjects
Ruskin ,purification ,De Quincey ,naissance ,Turner ,Art history ,épiphanie ,sacralisation ,Power (social and political) ,sublime ,Mont blanc ,Romanticism ,rédemption ,Rousseau ,spiritualité ,The Imaginary ,Mont Blanc ,Painting ,Friedrich ,lcsh:English language ,montagne ,Self ,Philosophy ,renaissance ,General Medicine ,Schaffhausen ,cathédrale ,Novalis ,Simplon ,Ethnology ,lcsh:PE1-3729 ,Tourism ,massif du Harz ,Wordsworth ,Alpes - Abstract
Mountains, that had been objects of indifference, fear, or even terror and loathing until the mid-18th century, became literary and pictorial subjects in their own right from the Romantic period onwards, especially in the wake of Rousseau’s La Nouvelle Heloise (1761)—that radically changed the approach to nature—, and the first ascents of Mont Blanc in the 1780s that marked the beginning of Alpine tourism, and turned Chamonix (and later the Swiss Alps) into indispensable features of the "Grand Tour". We shall see the various—and sometimes complementary and converging—approaches to mountains from the late 18th century on: those emphasizing their pristine, Edenic nature; those extolling their power, sublimity and elemental violence, Turner’s paintings being emblematic in this respect : and those bringing out their divine essence, their sacred and holy quality. The corpus will mainly pertain to the latter category and through the study of Novalis, De Quincey, Ruskin, and Caspar David Friedrich’s paintings, we shall discover stories of birth and rebirth, regeneration and redemption. In the works of these authors, mountains—whether real or merely imaginary, whether the results of experience or pure fantasy—are nevertheless the locus of intense epiphanies leading to the advent of the self as true individual and artist
- Published
- 2008
23. Thomas De Quincey and Søren Kierkegaard
- Author
-
Françoise Dupeyron-Lafay
- Published
- 2015
24. Transcendental Medicine versus the ‘Prisonhouse of the Flesh’: Enhancement in R.L. Stevenson’s The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde
- Author
-
Françoise Dupeyron-Lafay
- Subjects
Psychoanalysis ,Human enhancement ,Flesh ,Metaphysics ,Performance art ,Transcendental number ,Fantasy ,Psychology ,Uncanny - Abstract
Robert Louis Stevenson’s The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (Stevenson, 1886) is a world famous fantasy text presenting a respectable Victorian doctor’s personality splitting in two thanks to a draught that results in the embodiment of his other evil self. Partly because of film adaptations that schematise and stylise the contents to make it more sensational and visual, the spectacular transformation of the doctor in his laboratory and the havoc wreaked by Hyde are what dominates in the public’s mind. However, Stevenson’s text is more subtly uncanny and provides an in-depth and complex theorisation of the psychological and metaphysical significance and origins of the double.
- Published
- 2015
25. Merveilleux et fantastique : en finir avec le réel, le possible et le vrai ?
- Author
-
Françoise Dupeyron-Lafay
- Published
- 2015
26. La postérité du livre IV de Gulliver's Travels de Jonathan Swift : The Island of Doctor Moreau (1896) de H. G. Wells
- Author
-
Françoise Dupeyron-Lafay
- Subjects
Swift ,media_common.quotation_subject ,General Engineering ,Art history ,Art ,computer ,computer.programming_language ,media_common - Abstract
Dupeyron-Lafay Françoise. La postérité du livre IV de Gulliver's Travels de Jonathan Swift : The Island of Doctor Moreau (1896) de H. G. Wells. In: XVII-XVIII. Bulletin de la société d'études anglo-américaines des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. N°56, 2003. pp. 147-158.
- Published
- 2003
27. The Literary Representation of Children in the 19th Century: from Demons to Angels and Rebels La représentation de l’enfant au XIXe siècle : de la démonisation à l’angélisation et à la subversion
- Author
-
Françoise Dupeyron-Lafay
- Subjects
angels ,Enfance ,Enlightenment ,19th century ,anges ,Great Britain ,Childhood ,Evangelicals ,Lumières ,lcsh:Social Sciences ,lcsh:H ,Gaskell ,Évangéliques ,démons ,XIXe siècle ,Grande-Bretagne ,Wordsworth ,Dickens - Abstract
Cet article évoque la tradition religieuse (biblique et celle d’Augustin) qui influença la perception de l’enfance (entachée par le péché originel) jusque dans les années 1830 au moins, notamment dans les écrits évangéliques pour la jeunesse (The History of the Fairchild Family (1818) de Mary Sherwood). Mais la philosophie des Lumières (Rousseau) et les Romantiques anglais (Wordsworth et sa célèbre Ode, Thomas De Quincey) marquent le début d’une nouvelle approche de l’enfance, considérée comme innocente, voire visionnaire. En témoigne la fiction de Dickens, qui abonde en personnages d’enfants occupant un rôle de premier plan, qui permit de dénoncer les mauvais traitements qui leur étaient infligés et d’y remédier. Dans certains de ses romans, l’enfant est cependant « angélisé » au point de frôler la caricature mais mon propos est surtout de mettre en lumière une veine plus subversive chez Dickens (comme chez Elizabeth Gaskell dans Wives and Daughters, 1866) qui fait de l’enfant, à travers une utilisation novatrice du concept de nature, l’instrument d’une contestation de l’autorité parentale inconditionnelle (et donc de certains préceptes religieux) et qui, pour la première fois, met en avant les devoirs et obligations envers les enfants.
- Published
- 2011
28. L’imaginaire des profondeurs : figurations du passé, de la hantise et de la résurgence dans quelques œuvres de Wilkie Collins, Mary Elizabeth Braddon et Montagu Rhodes James
- Author
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Françoise Dupeyron-Lafay
- Published
- 2011
29. Le personnage de Lilith, femme fatale et princesse vampire, dans Lilith (1895), roman fantastique de George MacDonald
- Author
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Françoise Dupeyron-Lafay
- Abstract
Apres une breve presentation de George MacDonald et de son roman, et un petit panorama litteraire et pictural des personnages feminins du xixe siecle possedant un pouvoir de seduction malefique (de l’epoque romantique a la periode decadence), Francoise Dupeyron-Lafay invite a decouvrir le personnage de Lilith, premiere epouse d’Adam, femme fatale et vampire. Bien que redevable a de nombreuses influences, profanes et sacrees, la Lilith de MacDonald constitue une reelle innovation, d’une part, parce jamais une œuvre entiere ne lui avait ete consacree et qu’elle devient une heroine de fiction a part entiere, et d’autre part, parce qu’elle est une femme vampire d’une beaute eblouissante, decrite au chapitre 25 intitule « La Princesse », terme inattendu pour la reine des tenebres.
- Published
- 2010
30. Les sorties du texte ou les coquilles dans 'Trilogy' de H.D
- Author
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Olivier, Marie, Siemens PLM (LMS Engineering), Institut des Mondes Anglophone, Germanique et Roman - EA 3958 (IMAGER), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Françoise Dupeyron-Lafay, Claire Fabre, Elisabeth Vialle, Imager, Admin, and Françoise Dupeyron-Lafay, Claire Fabre, Elisabeth Vialle
- Subjects
[SHS.LITT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Literature ,[SHS.LITT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Literature ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2018
31. Enfermés dehors. Les prisonniers des grands espaces surréalistes de J. G. Ballard, dans Sécheresse, Le Monde englouti et La Forêt de cristal
- Author
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Lagoguey, Hervé, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches sur les Langues et la Pensée - EA 4299 (CIRLEP), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Maison des Sciences Humaines de Champagne-Ardenne (MSH-URCA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Françoise Dupeyron-Lafay, and Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BU de
- Subjects
[SHS.LITT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Literature ,[SHS.LITT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Literature ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2007
32. Le Corps, facteur d'humanité ? Corps de chair et corps de fer dans 'Progeny', 'Human Is' et 'We Can Build You' de Philip K. Dick
- Author
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Lagoguey, Hervé, Dupeyron-Lafay, Françoise, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches sur les Langues et la Pensée - EA 4299 (CIRLEP), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Maison des Sciences Humaines de Champagne-Ardenne (MSH-URCA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Université de Lille, Hervé Lagoguey, and Françoise Dupeyron-Lafay
- Subjects
Science fiction ,Human figure in art ,[SHS.LITT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Literature ,Human body in literature ,Human body in motion pictures ,History and criticism ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2006
33. Le Livre Rouge et Le Seigneur des Anneaux de Tolkien : une fantastique incertitude
- Author
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Vincent Ferre, Lettres, Idées, Savoir (LIS), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Françoise Dupeyron-Lafay, Fabula, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), and Ferré, Vincent
- Subjects
[SHS.LITT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Literature ,Seigneur des Anneaux ,[SHS.LITT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Literature ,Tolkien ,spécularité ,fiction ,mise en abyme - Abstract
traduit en italien (par Isabella Briganti) : " Il Libro Rosso e Il Signore degli Anelli di Tolkien: un'incertezza fantastica " in Minas Tirith, n° 19, juin 2007, p. 37-57; Le Seigneur des Anneaux, l'œuvre majeure de Tolkien, relate, on le sait, une aventure marquée par le merveilleux ; mais il rapporte aussi l'histoire du Livre Rouge, où les protagonistes successifs ont consigné les péripéties qu'ils ont vécues. C'est à la présence de ce livre à l'intérieur d'une œuvre, à cette mise en abyme, que l'on s'intéressera ici, en examinant d'abord la genèse fictive du texte, l'évocation de sa matérialité et sa dimension réflexive - la quête est une histoire, ce qui justifie sa mise par écrit. Mais l'on interrogera surtout le rapport entre les deux livres, qui révèle une incertitude, une fragilité dans le discours du Seigneur des Anneaux, qui présente apparemment le Livre Rouge comme un document historique authentique, tout en remettant en cause ce discours dans le même temps, ce qu'oublie trop souvent le lecteur ; cela m'amènera à dégager une interrogation sur le rôle de la littérature et ses limites propre à Tolkien, autour des questions de vérité et de fiction.
- Published
- 2003
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