Jean-Bernard Auliac,1 Florian Guisier,2 Acya Bizieux,3 Pascal Assouline,4 Marie Bernardini,5 Régine Lamy,6 Grégoire Justeau,7 Geraldine François,8 Diane Damotte,9,10 Christos Chouaïd1,11 1Pneumology Department, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France; 2Pulmonology, Thoracic Oncology and Respiratory Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; 3Pneumology Department, Centre Hospitalier de Vendée, La Roche-sur-Yon, France; 4Pneumology Department, Centre Hospitalier de Bligny, Bligny, France; 5Pneumology Department, Centre Hospitalier d’Aix-En-Provence, Aix-en-Provence, France; 6Pneumology Department, Centre Hospitalier de Bretagne-Sud, Lorient, France; 7Pneumology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d’Angers, Angers, France; 8Pneumology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d’Amiens, Amiens, France; 9Department of Pathology, Hôpital Cochin, APHP, Paris, France; 10University Paris Descartes, Paris, France; 11Inserm U955, UPEC, IMRB, Équipe CEpiA, Créteil, FranceCorrespondence: Jean-Bernard AuliacService de Pneumologie, CHI Créteil, 40, Avenue de Verdun, Créteil Cedex 94010, FranceEmail jean-bernard.auliac@chicreteil.frBackground: Few data have been published on the clinical and histopathological characteristics of advanced non-small–cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with high PD-L1 expression versus intermediate or none and the prognostic value of PD-L1 expression for patients treated with chemotherapy is unknown. This study was undertaken to prospectively assess the prognostic value of tumor-cell (TC) and immune-cell (IC) PD-L1 expressions for advanced NSCLC patients.Methods: It was a prospective, multicenter study on advanced NSCLC patients, with performance status 0/1, scheduled, consecutively, to receive first-line platin-based chemotherapy. PD-L1 expression was determined immunochemically (Dako Autostainer and monoclonal antibody 22C3) and its impact on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) assessed.Results: Among 198 patients screened in 19 centers, 140 were included median age: 66.5 ± 10 years; 76.4% men; 79.3% Caucasians; 10.7% nonsmokers; 63.6% adenocarcinomas; < 1%, 1– 50% and ≥ 50% TC PD-L1–expression rates were 47.1%, 25.7% and 27.2% of patients, respectively; respective null, intermediate and high rates on ICs were 35.7%, 38.6% and 25.7%. Second- and third-line chemotherapies were administered to 58.6% and 26.4% of the patients, respectively. None received immunotherapy. First-, second- and third-line median (95% CI) PFS lasted 4.6 (3.6– 5.2), 3.7 (2.3– 4.7) and 2.2 (1.5– 4.3) months, respectively; median OS was 16.9 (11.4– 19.9) months. No significant PFS and OS differences were observed according to TC or IC PD-L1 expression.Conclusion: According to the results of this prospective, multicenter study, neither TC nor IC PD-L1 expression appears to be prognostic for chemotherapy-managed advanced NSCLC patients.Keywords: chemotherapy, immunotherapy, non-small–cell lung cancer, PD-L1, prognostic