Search

Psychosocial competencies, also known as psychosocial skills or life skills, are essential for the prevention and promotion of mental health. Since the beginning of this century, psychosocial competencies have been defined as the ability to develop positive mental health. Most individual or social mental health protection programs are related to psychosocial competencies. A majority of evidence-based programs that develop mental health explicitly aim at developing psychosocial competencies, either exclusively or with complementary approaches. Many of these programs have demonstrated their effectiveness, with lasting effects on reduced anxiety and depression symptoms, violent and risky behaviors, and improved well-being and academic success. Based on international meta-analyses and on 20 years of French national and local experiences, a national strategy to develop psychosocial competencies was launched in France in 2021 for all children from 3 to 25 years old. Two reports on evidence-based psychosocial competence development were published in 2022 by the national agency for public health—Santé publique France (Public Health France)—to support this deployment strategy and develop a common evidence-based culture in health and education. This article presents the French national strategy as an example of a means of increasing evidence-based mental health promotion while discussing the importance of cultural adaptation of such programs.

While typologies of substance use disorder are very informative, they are still scarcer. The aim of this study was to consider a classification system of substance use among adolescents based on ty...

"Sleep in times Of pandemic: lessons for the Management of insomnia. Sleep is both a determinant of health and a valuable Indicator of psychological impact in both personal and Global crisis situations. Results from the coconel (coronavirus. Containment longitudinal study) surveys, Conducted in the aftermath of the first 2020 sars-cov-2 Pandemic containment, show a significant increase in Sleep disturbance compared to previous data: significantly Increased prevalence compared to 2017 in women (from 66% to 81%) and even more in men (from 42% to 66%). Young people were particularly affected as well as economically Vulnerable people. The percentage of French People reporting regular use of hypnotics almost doubled (from 9% to 17%). Simple sleep hygiene rules can be provided to better cope With these periods of pandemic, stress and isolation. Thanks to the data acquired, these recommendations Could be refined, including the significant impact of Media exposure, a new prevention issue."

Il faut attendre la fin des annees 1990 pour que la France se dote d’un dispositif d’observation statistique des comportements d’usages de drogues en population generale. Ces enquetes vont, des le depart, viser l’ensemble de la population francaise et notamment les plus jeunes eu egard a l’enjeu de sante publique que constitue l’initiation precoce aux substances psychoactives aux premiers rangs desquelles on trouve les boissons alcoolisees, les cigarettes et le cannabis. Initier une enquete aupres des adolescents sur des comportements illicites n’allait pas de soi mais, en innovant tout en s’inspirant des enquetes realisees aux Etats-Unis, comme l’enquete Monitoring the future (MTF) ou l’European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) menee dans d’autres pays europeens, l’Observatoire francais des drogues et des toxicomanies (OFDT) va concevoir en 2000 la premiere enquete ESCAPAD aupres des adolescents âges de 17 ans, enquete dont le 9e exercice se deroulera en 2022. A partir de quelques exemples de resultats emblematiques de l’enquete, cet article revient sur les apports specifiques d’un dispositif d’observation quantitatif et s’interroge sur son adaptation aux nouveaux enjeux methodologiques comme a l’evolution du champ de l’addictologie.

Resume Introduction L’usage d’e-cigarette s’est developpe en France depuis 2010, y compris chez les adolescents. Parmi eux, le role joue par l’e-cigarette par rapport au tabac n’est pas encore bien compris. Methodes Les donnees proviennent d’ESCAPAD 2017, enquete transversale et nationale realisee par l’Observatoire francais des drogues et des toxicomanies (OFDT) lors de la Journee defense et citoyennete (JDC), en partenariat avec la Direction du service national et de la jeunesse (39 115 repondants). Des analyses descriptives et des regressions multivariees ont ete realisees afin de caracteriser l’usage recent d’e-cigarette a 17 ans. Resultats L’e-cigarette a ete experimentee par 52,4 % des 17 ans, et utilisee dans le mois precedant l’enquete par 16,8 % d’entre eux, 1,9 % quotidiennement. La majorite des usagers recents etaient des fumeurs quotidiens (62,5 %), et seuls 7,6 % n’avaient jamais experimente de cigarettes. Seulement 13,3 % avaient experimente la vape avant les cigarettes. L’usage d’autres produits etait fortement associe : tabagisme quotidien (risque relatif [RR] = 2,74), experimentation de la chicha (RR = 2,31), cannabis dans l’annee (RR = 1,60), alcool recent regulier (RR = 1,20), et experimentation d’un autre produit illicite (RR = 1,11). Les doubles usagers presentaient un profil sociodemographique plus marque et des consommations d’autres produits plus importantes. Discussion Bien que l’experimentation d’e-cigarette soit repandue a 17 ans, son usage recent reste limite et associe le plus souvent a un usage quotidien de cigarettes. Il convient de suivre l’evolution des usages, des parcours et des facteurs associes a l’e-cigarette et au tabagisme chez les adolescents francais.

International audience; Because the effectiveness of a coronavirus disease lockdown in curbing coronavirus disease spread depends on public support, acquiring real-time information about the way populations reacted to the lockdown is crucial. In France, such public support remained fragile among low-income persons, probably because the lockdown exacerbated preexisting social inequalities and conflicts.

The COVID-19 epidemic and its psychological, economic and social consequences could have an impact on the evolution of tobacco-smoking prevalence and attitudes towards quitting. The aim of this study is to analyse the specific characteristics of the motivations for and barriers against smoking cessation in this period. The study is based on qualitative data collected from late 2020 to early 2021 in France from 89 smokers with a low or intermediate socio-economic level. Among the motivations for quitting smoking, health concerns and the financial cost of cigarettes carried increased importance among the smokers in this period. Inversely, perceived stress, isolation, and a lack of social or healthcare support prevented some smokers from attempting to quit. These results are useful for explaining the evolution of smoking prevalence and preparing future interventions in the context of the health crisis and its aftermath. They highlight the relevance of educational messages, of the promotion of validated smoking-cessation aids and, in particular, remote support, as well as the implementation of community-based actions.

Purpose This article examines sociodemographic correlates of initiation and quitting among French and American smokers. Methods National surveys in France and the United States in 2000, 2005, and 2010 were analyzed of ever smokers, 20–75 years old. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted on age of initiation and quitting. Results Smoking prevalence decreased for Americans each survey year (25.2%, 22.9%, and 17.9%), whereas the comparable figures for the French were 33.9%, 31.5%, and 33.8%. French smokers consumed fewer cigarettes per day (12.9 vs. 14.4 in 2000, 13.5. vs. 16.8 in 2005, and 12.2 vs. 15.1 in 2010), began consuming at a later age, and smoked for a shorter duration. Multiple logistic regression results revealed significant differences in the odds ratios, indicating the relative influence of sociodemographic variables on age of initiation and quitting. Conclusions Quitting smoking continues to be a major challenge, varying by similar factors, particularly education, in both France and the United States. Policy implications Public policy initiatives to promote quitting must be strengthened, including the need to address population-specific inequalities and disparities in tobacco use and consequences.

After one year of stop-and-go COVID-19 mitigation, some European countries still experience sustained viral circulation due to the B.1.1.7 variant. As the prospect of phasing out this stage through vaccination draws closer, it is critical to balance the efficacy of long-lasting interventions and their impact on the quality of life. Focusing on the current situation in France, we show that moderate interventions require a much longer time to achieve the same result as high intensity lockdowns, with the additional risk of deteriorating control as adherence wanes. Integrating intensity and duration of social distancing in a data-driven “distress” index, we show that shorter strict lockdowns are largely more performant than longer moderate lockdowns, for similar intermediate distress and infringement on individual freedom. Our study shows that favoring milder interventions over more stringent short approaches on the basis of perceived acceptability could be detrimental in the long term, especially with waning adherence.

Background: Studies have proved the positive link between truancy and substances use in school surveys. In spite of this, no adapted weighting treatment is generally provided; even when the share of missing and truant pupils is high, and all drug use estimates are biased downward. The necessary data can be collected: on one side, individual current drug use and past episodes of absence and truancy of the respondents; on the other, the count of the presents and absents the day of the survey, including truants, in each class. However, the nature of these data prevents any classical modelling of the survey response without additional assumptions. Methods: We review one method proposed in 2002 by Guttmacher and al. that uses only the individual data and propose two methods that combine both kind of data and in which we can distinguish or not between truancy and legitimate absence. We apply them to the French release of the 2015 Espad survey (European survey project on alcohol and other drugs). The theoretical number of pupils was n=7166; 981 were absent (including 359 truants), while 178 were discarded because of the poor quality of their questionnaires and 6007 were considered final respondents. Assumptions, point estimates and variances are compared. Results: Guttmacher’ method is not conceptually valid and can lead to irrelevant corrections with high variances. Our estimate of cannabis regular use is 8.6% (std=0.75) instead of 7.7% (std=0.67), that is a non-response bias of circa 14%. Conclusion: The proposed approach relies on simple and plausible assumptions; it is preferable to any speculative consideration about the magnitude of the underestimation yielded by the classical weighting procedures. Survey designers should evaluate and discuss the potential bias of their surveys and eventually correct it.

SummaryBackgroundthe EpiCov study, initiated at the end of the first national lockdown in France, aimed to provide national and regional estimates of the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and to analyze relations between living conditions and the dynamics of the epidemic. We present and discuss here the survey methodology, and describe the first-round fieldwork.Method371,000 individuals aged 15 years or more were randomly selected from the national tax register, stratified by departments, including three overseas departments, and by poverty level with over-representation of people living below the poverty line. Health, socio-economics, migration history, and living conditions were collected through self-computed-assisted web interviews or via computer-assisted telephone interviews. The first-round survey was conducted in May. A random subsample was eligible to receive material for home blood self-sample on dried blood spot (DBS), in order to detect IgG antibodies against the spike protein (Euroimmun ELISA-S), and neutralizing antibodies for non-negative ELISA-S. For the second-round conducted in November, all respondents were eligible for the antibodies detection from home DBS sample, as well as the other household members aged 6 years or more for 20% of them.Participation and adjustment for nonresponse134,391 respondents completed the first-round questionnaire from May 2 to June 1, 2020, including 16,970 (12.6%) respondents under the poverty line. Multimodal web/tel interviews was randomly assigned to 20% of the sample. The other were assigned to exclusive CAWI. Overall 17,441 respondents were eligible for home blood sample, among them 12,114 returned the DBS (interquartile date: May 25-June 5). The response probability was first estimated from logit models adjusted on a wide range of auxiliary demographic and socio-economic variables available from the sampling frame, and final weights calibrated to the margins of the population census permitted to correct for a large part of the non-response bias.ConclusionThe Epicov study is one of the largest national random population-based seroprevalence cohort, with both an epidemiological and sociological approaches to evaluate the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic, and the impact on health and living conditions. One of the major interests of this study is the broad coverage of the socio-economic and territorial diversity of the population.

Background The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic and the lockdown measures have had a major impact on societies around the world. This led to sleep problems for a large part of the population. In order to assess the sustainability of sleeping troubles related to the sanitary crisis, it was crucial to measure its prevalence after the end of the Covid-19 confinement. Method As a part of an epidemiological survey on Covid and Confinement (Coconel), we enquired on sleep disorders with two items in 4 repetitive cross sectional surveys. The first during the first week of the confinement (March 31 to April 2; N= 1,005 participants). The second in the middle of this period (April 15-17; N= 1,005). The two lasts at the end of the confinement (May 7 -10; N= 2,003) and one month after the end (June 10-12; N= 1,736). Using random constant, the mixed model took into account the longitudinal character of the last two waves (intra-individual correlations for individuals surveyed in waves 3 & 4). Results The prevalence of sleep problems significantly decreased during the last weeks of the confinement, and this trend was confirmed one month after it was over. A quarter of the population reported that their sleep was better one month after the end of the confinement. Women and people aged less than 65 reported more often sleep improvement. Such improvement was less frequent among those who were still highly exposed to the pandemic’s media coverage after the end of the confinement. Conclusion The possibility of recovering a good sleep largely depends on the type of sleep disorder. The decrease of sleep problems occurred mainly among people with mild sleep problems during the confinement. further research is needed to assess the long term effect of the Covid-19 pandemic and of the confinement period on the quality of sleep of the population., Highlights • The prevalence of sleep problems was high during the confinement. • This prevalence significantly decreased during the last weeks of the confinement. • This trend was confirmed one month after it was over. • The prevalence of sleep problems was higher in women and in young adults.

As Covid-19 spreads across the world, governments turn a hopeful eye towards research and development of a vaccine against this new disease. But it is one thing to make a vaccine available, and it is quite another to convince the public to take the shot, as the precedent of the 2009 H1N1 influenza illustrated. In this paper, we present the results of four online surveys conducted in April 2020 in representative samples of the French population 18 years of age and over (N = 5018). These surveys were conducted during a period when the French population was on lockdown and the daily number of deaths attributed to the virus reached its peak. We found that if a vaccine against the new coronavirus became available, almost a quarter of respondents would not use it. We also found that attitudes to this vaccine were correlated significantly with political partisanship and engagement with the political system. Attitudes towards this future vaccine did not follow the traditional mapping of political attitudes along a Left-Right axis. The rift seems to be between people who feel close to governing parties (Centre, Left and Right) on the one hand, and, on the other, people who feel close to Far-Left and Far-Right parties as well as people who do not feel close to any party. We draw on the French sociological literature on ordinary attitudes to politics to discuss our results as well as the cultural pathways via which political beliefs can affect perceptions of vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic., Highlights • Almost a quarter of the French population would not get vaccinated against COVID-19. • Attitudes are correlated with political partisanship and engagement with politics. • Attitudes do not follow the traditional separation between Left-wing and Right-wing. • Refusal is associated with proximity radical parties and to abstention.

International audience

International audience; Background and aims: Most studies in English-speaking countries have found a positive association between e-cigarette experimentation and subsequent daily tobacco smoking among adolescents. However, this result may not be valid in other cultural contexts; in addition, few studies have assessed whether this association varies with the subject' age at the time of e-cigarette experimentation. This study aimed to estimate the association between experimenting first with e-cigarette (rather than tobacco) and subsequent daily smoking according to age at the time of experimentation. Design: Secondary analysis; risk ratios (RRs) computed using modified Poisson regressions with inverse probability weighting. Setting: A cross-sectional nation-wide representative survey performed in 2017 in France. Participants: French adolescents (n = 24 111), aged 17 to 18.5 years, who had previously experimented with either e-cigarettes or tobacco. Measures: Exposure was defined as the experimentation with e-cigarettes first (whether or not followed by experimentation with tobacco); the outcome as daily tobacco smoking at the time of data collection. Gender, age, literacy, socio-economic status, pre-exposure repeat school years and experimentation with drunkeness, 3 licit and 8 illicit drugs were adjusted for. Uncertainties about the sequence of events defining exposure were handled by the definition of three patterns of exposure, to avoid a misclassification bias. Findings: Exposure reduced the risk of transition to daily smoking: RR = 0.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.54, 0.62. This effect increased in a linear manner with age at exposure (RR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.78; 0.98 for 1 year, P

International audience; Introduction: According to multiple studies, e-cigarette use among adolescents is associated with subsequent smoking initiation. However, little is known about its effect on the transition from smoking initiation to daily smoking. Methods: Using retrospective data from a French national representative survey collected in 2017 (n = 39,115), we analyzed the role of ever using e-cigarettes on daily cigarette smoking status at 17 among ever smokers (n = 21,401). Risk-ratios (RR) were computed through modified Poisson regressions with an inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) approach. Results: Among French adolescents aged 17, 16.8 % declared current e-cigarette use (1.9 % reported daily use) and 34.1 % cigarette smoking (25.1 % reported daily smoking). Among ever-smokers, adolescents who declared having ever used e-cigarettes were less likely than those who did not to transition to daily smoking at 17: RR = 0.62 95 %CI [0.60 – 0.64]. We found similar results for those who experimented with e-cigarettes before initiating smoking, RR = 0.76 95 %CI [0.66 – 0.89]. Conclusions: Our results found no evidence of an increased risk of transitioning to daily smoking at 17 among ever-smokers who also experimented with e-cigarettes. Further studies should investigate the longer-term role of vaping on future smoking habits with the use of causal inference methods.

Background Smoke-free laws aim at protecting against second-hand smoke and at contributing to change smoking behaviors. Impact evaluation studies can help understand to what extent they reach their goals. Simple before and after designs are often used but cannot isolate the effect of the policy of interest. Methods The short-term impact of the French smoking ban (2007-08) on smoking behavior outcomes was evaluated among smokers with data from the ITC project. We first conducted a before and after design on the French sample. Second, we added the UK (excluding Scotland) as a control group and finally used external pre-policy data from national surveys to control for bias arising from pre-policy trends. Results After one year post-implementation, the smoking ban led to a decrease in seeing people smoking in bars, restaurants and workplaces [estimated risk ratios (RR) of 8.81 IC95% (5.34-14.71), 2.02 (1.79-2.31) and 1.24 (1.16-1.33), respectively], as well as an increase in support for the smoke-free policy, but only in bars and restaurants [RR of 1.35 (1.15-1.61) and 1.25 (1.16-1.35)], respectively. No impact was found on smoking behaviors and on having a strict no smoking policy at home. The simple before and after design systematically overestimated the smoking ban's impact [e.g. RR of 29.9 (20.06-44.56) for observed smoking in bar, compared to 13.21 (7.78-22.42) with the control group, and 8.81 (5.34-14.71) with the correction from external data]. Conclusion When data are lacking to conduct quasi-experimental designs for impact evaluation, the use of external data could help understand and correct pre-policy trends.

Background Educational disparities in daily smoking begin during adolescence and can lead to educational disparities in health among adults. In particular, vocational students including apprentices have higher daily smoking rates compared to non-vocational students. This study aimed to identify the determinants of the gap in daily smoking between French apprentices and high school students aged 17 in 2008 and in 2017. Methods We used data from a cross-sectional repeated survey representative of all French adolescents aged 17 in 2008 and 2017. We conducted a non-linear extension of the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition technique and included the following variables: sociodemographic and familial characteristics, parental smoking, cannabis and alcohol use, suicidal attempt, grade repetition and money received. Results Daily smoking was about two times higher among French apprentices compared to high school students in 2008. This gap did not decrease between 2008 and 2017. Differences in measured characteristics between the two groups explained this gap partly, from 28.6 to 51.2%. Cannabis and alcohol use, money received and parental smoking contributed the most to the daily smoking gap. Conclusions Prevention programs could target cannabis and alcohol use as well as parental smoking to help decrease educational disparities in smoking status among French adolescents.

Screen-based media overuse has been related to harmful consequences especially among children and adolescents. Given their complex interrelationships, predictors of screen time (ST) should be analyzed simultaneously rather than individually to avoid incomplete conclusions.Structural equation models were conducted to examine associations between media ST (television, video games, and computers) along with harmful consequences in adolescents' well-being, such as underweight and overweight, depression, and school failure. Predictors included individual (gender, age, and physical activity), family (structure and socioeconomic background), and substance use variables. We used the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey organized in 2014, including eighth- and ninth-grade students living in France (N = 3720).Students reported spending 3 hours per day in front of each media. Spending more than 2 hours behind each of those 3 media was associated with lower life satisfaction, less physical activity, active school bullying, and grade repetition. Socioeconomic status was the most important predictor of ST, whereas regular substance uses showed modest associations.The main implication of our findings is to sensitize parents and stakeholders about the limitation of ST, including their own use that adolescents are likely to mimic. Alternative measures such as off-line time should be encouraged.

Les enquetes telephoniques en population generale sont indispensables a la description des comportements de sante de la population. Nous avons teste la faisabilite de la demande de deux types de donnees identifiantes permettant des appariements a des donnees administratives et medico-administratives dans le Barometre sante 2014 de Sante publique France : le NIR, numero d’inscription au repertoire (dit de Securite sociale), et les coordonnees de naissance (CDN) comme les nom, prenom, date et lieu de naissance. Chacune etait adressee a un sous-echantillon aleatoire de plus de 3000 repondants. L’etude ne portait pas sur la fourniture reelle de ces identifiants mais sur l’intention de le faire. Davantage de personnes accepteraient de communiquer leurs CDN plutot que leur NIR (51,9 % vs 34,9 %). Les hommes accepteraient plus frequemment ces propositions et il existe un gradient social au profit des plus diplomes et des cadres (NIR) ou des revenus eleves (NIR et CDN). Les personnes interrogees via un telephone mobile acceptent moins souvent ces propositions, alors que c’est l’inverse pour celles declarant des maladies chroniques ou des limitations fonctionnelles, sedentaires, buvant quotidiennement de l’alcool ou s’estimant en mauvaise sante. Les modalites pratiques restent a tester lors d’une prochaine enquete.

Resume Position du probleme Cette etude s’est attachee a mesurer les risques de suicide en population adolescente et leurs associations avec l’usage des substances psychoactives. Methode Les donnees proviennent du huitieme exercice de l’enquete ESCAPAD realise en 2014, au cours duquel 26 351 adolescents de nationalite francaise ont repondu a un questionnaire auto-administre, anonyme a propos de leur sante physique et mentale et de leurs consommations de substances psychoactives. Le risque suicidaire a ete evalue au travers d’un indicateur synthetique en quatre niveaux (1. Pas de depression – mesuree par l’Adolescent Depression Rating Scale [ADRS] ; 2. Depression sans pensees suicidaires ni tentative ; 3. Depression avec pensee mais sans tentative ; 4. Depression, pensees et tentative). Les risques sont evalues par methode multivariee. Resultats En 2014, un peu moins de 3 % des jeunes de 17 ans presentaient un cadre de depression severe (1,8 % des garcons, 3,7 % des filles). Un jeune sur dix declarait avoir pense au moins une fois au suicide au cours des 12 mois precedant l’enquete, et pres de 3 % avaient deja fait, au cours de leur vie, une tentative de suicide ayant necessite une hospitalisation. Les resultats soulignent un lien fort, sous forme de gradient, entre risque suicidaire et usages quotidien de tabac et regulier de cannabis. L’association est plus tenue concernant les usages d’alcool. Conclusion Risque suicidaire et usages reguliers de substances psychoactives sont fortement conditionnes par la sante mentale des adolescents.

In terms of drug use, legal substances, namely tobacco and alcohol, are the most commonly consumed. Cannabis is the most widely consumed illegal substance, followed by cocaine with ten times fewer users, far ahead of other products. This broad overview conceals numerous nuances explored by the French drug and drug addiction watch.

Resume Longtemps axee sur les seules substances illicites, l’approche des politiques de lutte contre les drogues s’est peu a peu deplacee vers le concept d’addiction, englobant a la fois l’ensemble des produits, licites comme illicites, mais aussi les comportements excessifs de jeu, d’ecrans, etc. Au sein de la population francaise, les usages de tabac et d’alcool, vecteurs de consequences sanitaires importantes, sont les plus repandus. Hormis pour le cannabis, dont la consommation apparait particulierement elevee en France, les usages de substances illicites restent relativement circonscrits. Toutefois, les efforts se sont longtemps concentres sur eux, pour contrer l’epidemie de SIDA liee a l’injection, en developpant des outils de reduction des risques et des dommages tels que les traitements de substitution aux opiaces et les programmes d’echange de seringues. Tout en continuant cette politique de reduction des risques et des dommages, les pouvoirs publics ont renforce ces dernieres annees les mesures relatives a l’alcool mais surtout au tabac. Si pour l’alcool, cette politique semble manquer encore d’impulsion, elle est en revanche pleinement a l’œuvre concernant le tabac. Les mesures se sont en effet succedees pour reduire sa visibilite (interdiction de fumer dans les lieux publics, y compris les lieux dits de convivialite) et son accessibilite (hausses de prix, interdiction de vente aux mineurs…), mais aussi pour contribuer a mieux aider les fumeurs a s’arreter, aboutissant a une « denormalisation » dont l’objectif est de parvenir a une generation sans tabac en 2032. Un but qui ne semble pas irrealiste, les dernieres enquetes de prevalence montrant une baisse du tabagisme en France ainsi qu’une interruption de l’augmentation des inegalites sociales face au tabagisme, brisant ainsi une tendance observee depuis le debut des annees 2000. En revanche, la mise en place d’une approche de reduction des risques et des dommages sur l’alcool, le tabac ou le cannabis reste a construire.

The use of electronic cigarettes has become relatively popular in France since 2010, including among adolescents. However, its use in relation to smoking and other factors is not well understood today.The data come from the ESCAPAD 2017 survey, a nationally representative cross-sectional survey taking place at a 1-day session of civic and military information compulsory for all French nationals around 17 (39,115 respondents). Descriptive analyses and multivariate regressions were undertaken to describe the recent use of e-cigarette at 17 and its associated factors.e-cigarettes were experimented by 52.4 % of 17 year-olds, and used by 16.8 % in the preceding month, 1.9 % daily. Most recent users were also daily smokers (62.5 %), and only 7.6 % had never experimented cigarettes before. Among those who experimented with both products, only 13.3 % tried e-cigarettes before cigarettes. The associated uses of other products were the most striking factors: daily smoking (relative risk [RR]=2.73), ever use of hookah (RR=2.31), cannabis use in the last year (RR=1.60), regular alcohol drinking (RR=1.20) and ever use of another illicit drug (RR=1.11). Recent vapers that were also daily smokers had a more pronounced sociodemographic profile and a higher level of other drugs consumptions than recent vapers only.Although a majority of French adolescents experiment with vaping, they are fewer to use it regularly and its current use is frequently associated with daily smoking. Future trends and the relationship between smoking and vaping among adolescents will have to be further investigated, including the motivations of its use.

Introduction Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use has spread out in France since 2010, including among adolescents. However, its use in relation to smoking and other factors is not well understood today. Methods The data used come from the ESCAPAD 2017 survey, a nationally representative cross-sectional survey taking place at a 1-day session of civic and military information compulsory for all French nationals around 17 (39 115 respondents). Descriptive analyses and multivariate regressions (Poisson with robust variance) were undertaken to describe the recent use of ENDS at 17 and it associated factors. Results ENDS were experimented by 52.4 % of 17 years old, and used by 16.8 % in the preceding month, 1,9 % daily. Most recent users were also daily smokers (62.5 %), and only 7.6 % never experimented smoking before. They were mostly boys (PR=1.39). No difference related to the parental socioeconomic status was highlighted. Recent vapers were more likely to have retaken a school year (PR=1,25) and were less likely out of school (PR=0,80). The associate uses of other products were the most striking factors: daily smoking (PR=2,73), regular alcohol drinking (PR=1,20), cannabis use in the last year (PR=1,60), ever use of hookah (PR=2,31) and ever use of another illicit drug (PR=1,11). Conclusions Those robust and representative results about vaping among French adolescents are essential to understand this trend. Although most French adolescents experiment with vaping, they are fewer to use it regularly and most of regular vapers are also daily smokers. The relationship between smoking and vaping will have to be further investigated. Funding This work was supported by the French Cancer League as part of the PETAL research program on adolescent smoking.

Objectif La crise de la COVID-19 a perturbe les habitudes de milliards de personnes dans le monde. Pour de nombreux pays, le confinement a la maison est obligatoire et les familles sont forcees de vivre ensemble en permanence, dans des environnements souvent petits, avec leurs propres habitudes de sommeil et de veille. Le sommeil est essentiel pour nos vies et crucial pour equilibrer leur systeme immunitaire, la sante physique et psychologique. Methodes Pour evaluer les problemes de sommeil et l’utilisation des somniferes, nous avons realise une etude transversale d’un echantillon representatif de la population generale en France (1005 sujets). Nous avons utilise les memes elements autodeclares de plaintes de sommeil au cours des 8 derniers jours, tires de l’echelle du Duke Health Profile, que ceux utilises depuis 1995 dans les Barometres de la sante francais, une serie d’enquetes transversales sur diverses questions de sante publique. Resultats Apres deux semaines de confinement, 74 % des participants ont signale des plaintes de sommeil, comparativement a des taux de prevalence de 44 % a 49 % au cours des 25 dernieres annees. Les femmes ont declare plus de problemes de sommeil que les hommes : 31 % contre 16 %. Les jeunes (18-35 ans) plus frequemment que leurs aines (79 % contre 72 % des 35 ans et plus) : 60 % ont declare que ces problemes augmentaient avec le confinement, contre 51 % de leurs aines. Enfin, 16 % des participants ont declare avoir pris des somniferes au cours des 12 derniers mois et 41 % d’entre eux ont declare avoir consomme ces medicaments depuis le debut du confinement. Conclusion Ces resultats suggerent que la crise de la COVID-19 est associee a de graves troubles du sommeil au sein de la population francaise, en particulier chez les jeunes.