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1. Tracking of marine predators to protect Southern Ocean ecosystems

Author: Marthán N Bester, Birgitte I. McDonald, Karine Delord, Ben Raymond, Jaimie Cleeland, Steven L. Chown, Jean-Benoît Charrassin, Daniel P. Costa, Norman Ratcliffe, Michael E. Goebel, Henri Weimerskirch, Bruno Danis, Rachael Alderman, Simon D. Goldsworthy, Akiko Kato, Keith W. Nicholls, Peter G. Ryan, Nick Gales, Luciano Dalla Rosa, Andrew D. Lowther, Pierre A. Pistorius, Rochelle Constantine, P J Nico de Bruyn, Christian Lydersen, Mike Double, Jefferson T. Hinke, Stuart Corney, Arnaud Tarroux, Kieran Lawton, Yan Ropert-Coudert, Colin Southwell, Kerstin Jerosch, Silvia Olmastroni, Richard A. Phillips, Dominik A Nachtsheim, David R. Thompson, Robert J. M. Crawford, Ian D. Jonsen, Kimberly T. Goetz, Mary-Anne Lea, José C. Xavier, Sébastien Descamps, Charles-André Bost, Michael A. Fedak, Grant Ballard, Robert Harcourt, Mônica M. C. Muelbert, Klemens Pütz, Christophe Guinet, Simon Wotherspoon, Kit M. Kovacs, Iain J. Staniland, Leigh G. Torres, Luis A. Hückstädt, Phil O'b. Lyver, Ari S. Friedlaender, Arnoldus Schytte Blix, Azwianewi B. Makhado, Mercedes Santos, Roger Kirkwood, Peter L. Boveng, John L. Bengtson, Erling S. Nordøy, Barbara Wienecke, Mark A. Hindell, Ryan R. Reisinger, Wayne Z. Trivelpiece, Joachim Plötz, Knowles Kerry, Ben Arthur, Akinori Takahashi, Virginia Andrews-Goff, Horst Bornemann, M. E. I. Marquez, Clive R. McMahon, Gerald L. Kooyman, Anton Van de Putte, Ewan D. Wakefield, Lars Boehme, Philip N. Trathan, Louise Emmerson, Antarctic Wildlife Research Unit, University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), CESAB-FRB [France], Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (University of California Santa Cruz), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [Santa Cruz], Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), School of Biological Sciences [Victoria, Australia] (Monash University), Monash University [Victoria, Australia], Marine Biology Laboratory, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Hobart] (IMAS), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] (NIWA), Marine Mammal Institute, Oregon State University (OSU), BEDIC, OD Nature [Brussels, Belgium], Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences [Belgium], Department of Primary Industries [Australia], Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment, Australian Antarctic Division (AAD), Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy, PRBO Conservation Science, Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], University of Pretoria [South Africa], The Arctic University of Norway [Tromsø, Norway] (UiT), Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews [Scotland], School of Biological Sciences [Auckland, New Zealand], University of Auckland [Auckland], Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre (ACE-CRC), Department of Environment, Agriculture and Fisheries [South Africa] (Oceans and Coasts), Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação da Megafauna Marinha [Rio Grande, Brazil], Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), Norvegian Polar Research Institute (NPRI), Norwegian Polar Institute, Institute of Marine Sciences, Long Marine Laboratory, South Australian Research and Development Institute [Australia], Department of Biological Sciences [North Ryde], Macquarie University, Antarctic Ecosystem Research Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Marine Fisheries Service, Scholander Hall, Scripps Institution of Oceanography [CA, USA], Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)-University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), FRAM Centre, Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research [Lincoln], Instituto Antartico Argentino, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories [CA, USA] (San José State University), San Jose State University [San Jose] (SJSU), University of Sydney Institute of Marine Science (USIMS), The University of Sydney, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), University of Tromsø (UiT), Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali 'G. Sarfatti', Università degli Studi di Siena = University of Siena (UNISI), National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick Institute, Antarctic Research Trust, British Antarctic Survey NERC [UK], DST/NRF Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick Institute for African Ornithology [South Africa], Nelson Mandela University [Port Elizabeth], Instituto Antártico Argentino, National Insitute of Polar Research, National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Natural Environment Research Council - British Antarctic Survey [Cambridge, UK], Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University (Australia), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California-University of California, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Horbat] (IMAS), The Arctic University of Norway (UiT), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Scripps Institution of Oceanography, San Jose State University [San José] (SJSU), and Nelson Mandela University
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Conservation of Natural Resources, Aquatic Organisms, Food Chain, bird, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, General Science & Technology, Oceans and Seas, Climate Change, Fishing, Population Dynamics, Animal Identification Systems, Climate change, Antarctic Regions, climate chang, mammal, 01 natural sciences, Predation, long-term change, Birds, bird, climate chang, econtinental shelf, exploitation, long-term change, mammal, predator tracking, Animals, Ecosystem, Ice Cover, 14. Life underwater, econtinental shelf, Life Below Water, Exploitation of natural resources, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Mammals, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Continental shelf, predator tracking, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Fishes, Biodiversity, Fishery, Climate Action, 13. Climate action, Predatory Behavior, Ecological significance, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, exploitation, Sciences exactes et naturelles
Abstract: International audience; Southern Ocean ecosystems are under pressure from resource exploitation and climate change1,2. Mitigation requires the identification and protection of Areas of Ecological Significance (AESs), which have so far not been determined at the ocean-basin scale. Here, using assemblage-level tracking of marine predators, we identify AESs for this globally important region and assess current threats and protection levels. Integration of more than 4,000 tracks from 17 bird and mammal species reveals AESs around sub-Antarctic islands in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and over the Antarctic continental shelf. Fishing pressure is disproportionately concentrated inside AESs, and climate change over the next century is predicted to impose pressure on these areas, particularly around the Antarctic continent. At present, 7.1% of the ocean south of 40°S is under formal protection, including 29% of the total AESs. The establishment and regular revision of networks of protection that encompass AESs are needed to provide long-term mitigation of growing pressures on Southern Ocean ecosystems.
Published: 2020
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2. Antarctic petrels ‘on the ice rocks’: wintering strategy of an Antarctic seabird

Author: Cédric Cotté, Florian Orgeret, Akiko Kato, Arnaud Tarroux, Sébastien Descamps, Yan Ropert-Coudert, Yves Cherel, Karine Delord, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Fram Centre, Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Euphausia, Zoology and botany: 480 [VDP], activity pattern, behaviour geolocation, 01 natural sciences, biology.animal, 14. Life underwater, lunar cycle, lcsh:Science, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Sea ice concentration, Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 [VDP], 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, Ecology, Conservation, and Global Change Biology, Multidisciplinary, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, conservation, global change biology, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, austral winter distribution, Iceberg, Geography, Oceanography, geolocation, Antarctic krill, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Thalassoica antarctica, iceberg, Psychroteuthis glacialis, lcsh:Q, Seabird, sea-ice concentration, Research Article
Abstract: There is a paucity of information on the foraging ecology, especially individual use of sea-ice features and icebergs, over the non-breeding season in many seabird species. Using geolocators and stable isotopes, we defined the movements, distribution and diet of adult Antarctic petrels Thalassoica antarctica from the largest known breeding colony, the inland Svarthamaren, Antarctica. More specifically, we examined how sea-ice concentration and free-drifting icebergs affect the distribution of Antarctic petrels. After breeding, birds moved north to the marginal ice zone (MIZ) in the Weddell sector of the Southern Ocean, following its northward extension during freeze-up in April, and they wintered there in April–August. There, the birds stayed predominantly out of the water (60–80% of the time) suggesting they use icebergs as platforms to stand on and/or to rest. Feather δ 15 N values encompassed one full trophic level, indicating that birds fed on various proportions of crustaceans and fish/squid, most likely Antarctic krill Euphausia superba and the myctophid fish Electrona antarctica and/or the squid Psychroteuthis glacialis . Birds showed strong affinity for the open waters of the northern boundary of the MIZ, an important iceberg transit area, which offers roosting opportunities and rich prey fields. The strong association of Antarctic petrels with sea-ice cycle and icebergs suggests the species can serve, year-round, as a sentinel of environmental changes for this remote region.
Published: 2020
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3. The retrospective analysis of Antarctic tracking data project

Author: Luciano Dalla Rosa, Henri Weimerskirch, Kerstin Jerosch, Sébastien Descamps, Marthán N Bester, Klemens Pütz, Charles-André Bost, Phil O'b. Lyver, Christophe Guinet, Akiko Kato, Horst Bornemann, John L. Bengtson, Jaimie Cleeland, Mary-Anne Lea, Silvia Olmastroni, Rochelle Constantine, Richard A. Phillips, Jean-Benoît Charrassin, Peter G. Ryan, Simon D. Goldsworthy, Roger Kirkwood, Louise Emmerson, Wayne Z. Trivelpiece, Christian Lydersen, Ben Raymond, Mark A. Hindell, Dominik A Nachtsheim, Jefferson T. Hinke, Nick Gales, Arnaud Tarroux, Simon Wotherspoon, Robert J. M. Crawford, Mônica M. C. Muelbert, Pierre A. Pistorius, Kimberly T. Goetz, Andrew D. Lowther, David R. Thompson, Virginia Andrews-Goff, Ian D. Jonsen, M. E. I. Marquez, Clive R. McMahon, Karine Delord, Mike Double, Gerald L. Kooyman, Kit M. Kovacs, José C. Xavier, Anton Van de Putte, Colin Southwell, Ewan D. Wakefield, Erling S. Nordøy, Barbara Wienecke, Mercedes Santos, Birgitte I. McDonald, Daniel P. Costa, Lars Boehme, Norman Ratcliffe, Ryan R. Reisinger, Arnoldus Schytte Blix, Michael A. Fedak, Peter L. Boveng, Rachael Alderman, Robert Harcourt, Iain J. Staniland, Leigh G. Torres, Ari S. Friedlaender, Yan Ropert-Coudert, Azwianewi B. Makhado, M. Goebel, Kieran Lawton, Philip N. Trathan, P J Nico de Bruyn, Luis A. Hückstädt, Keith W. Nicholls, Grant Ballard, Bruno Danis, Joachim Plötz, Knowles Kerry, David G. Ainley, Ben Arthur, Akinori Takahashi, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), BEDIC, OD Nature [Brussels, Belgium], Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences [Belgium], Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, University of Leuven, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [Santa Cruz], University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California-University of California, Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Department of Biological Sciences [Sydney, Australia] (Macquarie University), Macquarie University, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Horbat] (IMAS), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] (NIWA), Hatfield Marine Science Center [Newport, USA], British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), H.T. Harvey & Associates [CA, USA), Department of Primary Industries [Australia], Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment, PRBO Conservation Science, Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], University of Pretoria [South Africa], Mammal Research Institute - Department Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria (UPSpace), University of Tromsø (UiT), Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews [Scotland], School of Biological Sciences [Auckland, New Zealand], University of Auckland [Auckland], Department of Environmental Affairs [South Africa] (Oceans and Coasts), Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação da Megafauna Marinha [Rio Grande, Brazil], Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Australian Antarctic Division (AAD), Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy, Antarctic Ecosystem Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), South Australian Research and Development Institute (SARDI), South Australian Research and Development Institute, Department of Biological Sciences [North Ryde], Center for Marine Biology and Biomedicine [La Jolla], Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California-University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), FRAM Centre, Norwegian Polar Institute, Biodiversity Section [Norway], Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research [Lincoln], Oceans & Coasts Branch, Instituto Antártico Argentino, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories [CA, USA] (San José State University), San Jose State University [San José] (SJSU), University of Sydney Institute of Marine Science (USIMS), The University of Sydney, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche [Siena, Italy] (Università di Siena), Università di Siena, National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick Institute, Antarctic Research Trust, British Antarctic Survey NERC [UK], Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE UC), Universidade de Coimbra [Coimbra], La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Department of Biological Sciences [Sydney], Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Hobart] (IMAS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)-University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), San Jose State University [San Jose] (SJSU), and Università degli Studi di Siena = University of Siena (UNISI)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Statistics and Probability, Data Descriptor, bird, Ecosystem ecology, animal experiment, Library and Information Sciences, Biodiversity informatics, animal experiment, Antarctica, biodiversity, bird, climate data,ecosystem, Southern Ocean, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Education, Information system, VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480, Tracking data, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Southern Ocean, lcsh:Science, Life Below Water, biodiversity, Apex predator, ecosystem, Science & Technology, CLIMATE-CHANGE, business.industry, Conservation biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Environmental resource management, 15. Life on land, Computer Science Applications, Multidisciplinary Sciences, MODEL, Ocean Biogeographic Information System, Geography, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Antarctica, Science & Technology - Other Topics, ECOSYSTEM, lcsh:Q, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, business, climate data, Information Systems, Sciences exactes et naturelles, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480
Abstract: The Retrospective Analysis of Antarctic Tracking Data (RAATD) is a Scientific Committee for Antarctic Research project led jointly by the Expert Groups on Birds and Marine Mammals and Antarctic Biodiversity Informatics, and endorsed by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources. RAATD consolidated tracking data for multiple species of Antarctic meso- and top-predators to identify Areas of Ecological Significance. These datasets and accompanying syntheses provide a greater understanding of fundamental ecosystem processes in the Southern Ocean, support modelling of predator distributions under future climate scenarios and create inputs that can be incorporated into decision making processes by management authorities. In this data paper, we present the compiled tracking data from research groups that have worked in the Antarctic since the 1990s. The data are publicly available through biodiversity.aq and the Ocean Biogeographic Information System. The archive includes tracking data from over 70 contributors across 12 national Antarctic programs, and includes data from 17 predator species, 4060 individual animals, and over 2.9 million observed locations., Measurement(s)geographic locationTechnology Type(s)digital curationFactor Type(s)temporal interval • geographic locationSample Characteristic – OrganismAptenodytes forsteri • Lobodon carcinophaga • Eudyptes chrysolophus • Thalassarche melanophrys • Phoebetria palpebrata • Aptenodytes patagonicus • Pygoscelis adeliae • Leptonychotes weddellii • Megaptera novaeangliae • Mirounga leonina • Arctocephalus gazella • Thalassoica antarctica • Eudyptes schlegeli • Diomedea exulans • Phoebetria fusca • Diomedea chrysostoma • Procellaria aequinoctialisSample Characteristic – Environmentpolar biomeSample Characteristic – LocationAntarctica Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11688876
Published: 2018
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4. Exposure to PFAS is Associated with Telomere Length Dynamics and Demographic Responses of an Arctic Top Predator

Author: Olivier Chastel, Dorte Herzke, Sébastien Descamps, Kjetil Sagerup, Manrico Sebastiano, Geir Wing Gabrielsen, Frédéric Angelier, Christophe Barbraud, Pierre Blévin, Cécile Ribout, Jan Ove Bustnes, Børge Moe, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Akvaplan-Niva [Tromsø], Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Division of Arctic Ecology (NINA), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Norvegian Polar Research Institute (NPRI), Norwegian Polar Institute, and ANR-16-CE34-0005,ILETOP,Impact des polluants historiques et émergents sur les prédateurs supérieurs marins de l'Arctique(2016)
Subjects: Male, Glaucous gull, Zoology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Svalbard, Animals, Environmental Chemistry, Biology, Demography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Apex predator, Fluorocarbons, biology, Arctic Regions, General Chemistry, Telomere, biology.organism_classification, Cross-Sectional Studies, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Length change, Environmental Pollutants, Female, Larus
Abstract: Environmental factors that can influence telomeres are diverse, but the association between telomeres and exposure to environmental contaminants is yet to be elucidated. To date, prior studies have focused on legacy persistent chlorinated pollutants (POPs), while the effects of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been poorly documented. Here, we investigated the associations among PFAS congeners, absolute telomere length (cross-sectional approach), and telomere dynamics (rate of telomere length change over time, longitudinal approach) in one of the most contaminated arctic top predators, the glaucous gull Larus hyperboreus from Svalbard. We further estimated the effect of PFAS on apparent survival rates and re-sighting probabilities using a 10-year capture/recapture dataset (2010–2019). We found that birds exposed to higher concentrations of perfluorononadecanoate (PFNA) (median of 1565 pg/mL of ww in males and 1370 pg/mL of ww in females) and perfluorotetradecanoate (PFTeDA) (median of 370 pg/mL of ww in males and 210 pg/mL of ww in females) showed the slowest rate of telomere shortening. We also found that high blood concentrations of perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) (median of 120 pg/mL of ww in males and 150 pg/mL of ww in females) and perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS) (median of 495 pg/mL of ww in males and 395 pg/mL of ww in females) were positively associated with higher re-sighting probabilities and apparent survival in males but not in females. Our work is the first to report an association between single PFAS compounds and telomeres, and the first to link PFAS exposure with survival probabilities, suggesting that the effect of PFAS exposure might be more tied to the type of compound rather than the total concentration of PFAS.
Published: 2020
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5. Mercury contamination and potential health risks to Arctic seabirds and shorebirds

Author: Olivier Chastel, Jérôme Fort, Joshua T. Ackerman, Céline Albert, Frédéric Angelier, Niladri Basu, Pierre Blévin, Maud Brault-Favrou, Jan Ove Bustnes, Paco Bustamante, Jóhannis Danielsen, Sébastien Descamps, Rune Dietz, Kjell Einar Erikstad, Igor Eulaers, Alexey Ezhov, Abram B. Fleishman, Geir W. Gabrielsen, Maria Gavrilo, Grant Gilchrist, Olivier Gilg, Sindri Gíslason, Elena Golubova, Aurélie Goutte, David Grémillet, Gunnar T. Hallgrimsson, Erpur S. Hansen, Sveinn Are Hanssen, Scott Hatch, Nicholas P. Huffeldt, Dariusz Jakubas, Jón Einar Jónsson, Alexander S. Kitaysky, Yann Kolbeinsson, Yuri Krasnov, Robert J. Letcher, Jannie F. Linnebjerg, Mark Mallory, Flemming Ravn Merkel, Børge Moe, William J. Montevecchi, Anders Mosbech, Bergur Olsen, Rachael A. Orben, Jennifer F. Provencher, Sunna B. Ragnarsdottir, Tone K. Reiertsen, Nora Rojek, Marc Romano, Jens Søndergaard, Hallvard Strøm, Akinori Takahashi, Sabrina Tartu, Thorkell L. Thórarinsson, Jean-Baptiste Thiebot, Alexis P. Will, Simon Wilson, Katarzyna Wojczulanis-Jakubas, Glenn Yannic, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Western Ecological Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences [Canada], McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Akvaplan niva AS (APN) [Norway], Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Faroe Marine Research Institute, Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Aarhus University - Department of Ecoscience [Roskilde, Denmark], Aarhus University [Aarhus], Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI), Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Southwest Iceland Nature Research Centre, Institute of Biological Problems of the North (IBPN), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Department of Life and Environmental Sciences [Iceland], University of Iceland [Reykjavik], South Iceland Nature Research Centre [Iceland], Institute for Searbird Research and Conservation, Department of Ecoscience - Aarhus University [Denmark], Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Zoology, University of Gdańsk (UG), Institute of Arctic Biology, Northeast Iceland Nature Research Centre [Húsavík], Murmansk Marine Biological [Russia], Institute Russian Academy of Science, Environment and Climate Change Canada [Canada], National Wildlife Research Centre, Biology, Acadia University,Wolfville, NS, Canada, Acadia University, Memorial Univerisity of Newfoundland and Labrador, Faroe Marine Reseaqrch Institute [Faroe Islands], Wildlife and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University (OSU), Icelandic Institute of Natural History, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) Secretariat [Norway], Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, 38000 Grenoble, France, ANR-16-CE34-0005,ILETOP,Impact des polluants historiques et émergents sur les prédateurs supérieurs marins de l'Arctique(2016), and ANR-20-CE34-0006,ARCTIC-STRESSORS,Effets combinés des stresseurs environnementaux multiples sur les oiseaux marins Arctiques(2020)
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Arctic Regions, Toxicological effects, Mercury, Feathers, Pollution, Birds, Arctic, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Animals, Humans, Environmental Chemistry, Waste Management and Disposal, Toxicity benchmarks, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: International audience; Since the last Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) effort to review biological effects of mercury (Hg) on Arctic biota in 2011 and 2018, there has been a considerable number of new Arctic bird studies. This review article provides contemporary Hg exposure and potential health risk for 36 Arctic seabird and shorebird species, representing a larger portion of the Arctic than during previous AMAP assessments now also including parts of the Russian Arctic. To assess risk to birds, we used Hg toxicity benchmarks established for blood and converted to egg, liver, and feather tissues. Several Arctic seabird populations showed Hg concentrations that exceeded toxicity benchmarks, with 50 % of individual birds exceeding the "no adverse health effect" level. In particular, 5 % of all studied birds were considered to be at moderate or higher risk to Hg toxicity. However, most seabirds (95 %) were generally at lower risk to Hg toxicity. The highest Hg contamination was observed in seabirds breeding in the western Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Most Arctic shorebirds exhibited low Hg concentrations, with approximately 45 % of individuals categorized at no risk, 2.5 % at high risk category, and no individual at severe risk. Although the majority Arctic-breeding seabirds and shorebirds appeared at lower risk to Hg toxicity, recent studies have reported deleterious effects of Hg on some pituitary hormones, genotoxicity, and reproductive performance. Adult survival appeared unaffected by Hg exposure, although long-term banding studies incorporating Hg are still limited. Although Hg contamination across the Arctic is considered low for most bird species, Hg in combination with other stressors, including other contaminants, diseases, parasites, and climate change, may still cause adverse effects. Future investigations on the global impact of Hg on Arctic birds should be conducted within a multi-stressor framework. This information helps to address Article 22 (Effectiveness Evaluation) of the Minamata Convention on Mercury as a global pollutant.
Published: 2022
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6. Fine-scale spatial segregation in a pelagic seabird driven by differential use of tidewater glacier fronts

Author: Sébastien Descamps, Nigel G. Yoccoz, Jack Kohler, Philip Bertrand, Harald Steen, Joséphine Maton, Samantha C. Patrick, Pierre Blévin, Haakon Hop, Hallvard Strøm, Geir Moholdt, Olivier Chastel, Marie-Josée Fortin, Stephanie M. Harris, Joël Bêty, Département de biologie, chimie et géographie & Centre d’études nordiques [Canada], Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø (UiT), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [University of Toronto] (EEB), University of Toronto, Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, Cornell University [New York], School of Environmental Sciences [Liverpool], University of Liverpool, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Akvaplan-Niva [Tromsø], and Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Behavioural ecology, Science, Foraging, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Article, Birds, Charadriiformes, Animals, VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Marine biology: 497, Ice Cover, 14. Life underwater, Glacial period, Ecosystem, Seascape, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Arctic Regions, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Tidewater glacier cycle, Pelagic zone, Glacier, Feeding Behavior, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Marinbiologi: 497, biology.organism_classification, Oceanography, Arctic, Biogeography, Kittiwake, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Medicine, Seasons, Estuaries
Abstract: In colonially breeding marine predators, individual movements and colonial segregation are influenced by seascape characteristics. Tidewater glacier fronts are important features of the Arctic seascape and are often described as foraging hotspots. Albeit their documented importance for wildlife, little is known about their structuring effect on Arctic predator movements and space use. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that tidewater glacier fronts can influence marine bird foraging patterns and drive spatial segregation among adjacent colonies. We analysed movements of black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) in a glacial fjord by tracking breeding individuals from five colonies. Although breeding kittiwakes were observed to travel up to ca. 280 km from the colony, individuals were more likely to use glacier fronts located closer to their colony and rarely used glacier fronts located farther away than 18 km. Such variation in the use of glacier fronts created fine-scale spatial segregation among the four closest (ca. 7 km distance on average) kittiwake colonies. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that spatially predictable foraging patches like glacier fronts can have strong structuring effects on predator movements and can modulate the magnitude of intercolonial spatial segregation in central-place foragers.
Published: 2021
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7. Impact of Sea-Ice Model Complexity on the Performance of an Unstructured-Mesh Sea-Ice/Ocean Model under Different Atmospheric Forcings

Author: Lorenzo Zampieri, Jörg Fröhle, Hiroshi Sumata, Elizabeth Hunke, Helge Goessling, Frank Kauker, Kauker, Frank, 1 Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research Bremerhaven Germany, Fröhle, Jörg, 3 Kiel University Kiel Germany, Sumata, Hiroshi, 4 Norwegian Polar Institute Fram Centre Tromsø Norway, Hunke, Elizabeth C., 5 Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos NM USA, and Goessling, Helge F.
Subjects: Physical geography, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, GC1-1581, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Physics::Geophysics, symbols.namesake, Arctic, FESOM2, Sea ice, parameter optimization, Environmental Chemistry, 551.343, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Global and Planetary Change, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010505 oceanography, Green's function, Model complexity, sea ice, GB3-5030, 13. Climate action, Climatology, unstructured mesh, symbols, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Unstructured mesh, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Geology
Abstract: We have equipped the unstructured‐mesh global sea‐ice and ocean model FESOM2 with a set of physical parameterizations derived from the single‐column sea‐ice model Icepack. The update has substantially broadened the range of physical processes that can be represented by the model. The new features are directly implemented on the unstructured FESOM2 mesh, and thereby benefit from the flexibility that comes with it in terms of spatial resolution. A subset of the parameter space of three model configurations, with increasing complexity, has been calibrated with an iterative Green's function optimization method to test the impact of the model update on the sea‐ice representation. Furthermore, to explore the sensitivity of the results to different atmospheric forcings, each model configuration was calibrated separately for the NCEP‐CFSR/CFSv2 and ERA5 forcings. The results suggest that a complex model formulation leads to a better agreement between modeled and the observed sea‐ice concentration and snow thickness, while differences are smaller for sea‐ice thickness and drift speed. However, the choice of the atmospheric forcing also impacts the agreement of the FESOM2 simulations and observations, with NCEP‐CFSR/CFSv2 being particularly beneficial for the simulated sea‐ice concentration and ERA5 for sea‐ice drift speed. In this respect, our results indicate that parameter calibration can better compensate for differences among atmospheric forcings in a simpler model (i.e., sea‐ice has no heat capacity) than in more realistic formulations with a prognostic sea‐ice thickness distribution and sea ice enthalpy., Plain Language Summary: The role of model complexity in determining the performance of sea‐ice numerical simulations is still not completely understood. Some studies suggest that a more sophisticated description of the sea‐ice physics leads to simulations that agree better with sea‐ice observations. Others, however, fail to establish a link between complex model formulations and improved model performance. Here, we investigate this open question by analyzing a set of sea‐ice simulations performed with a revised and improved sea‐ice model that features substantial modularity in terms of model complexity. Ten model parameters in three different model configurations are optimized to improve the agreement between model results and observations, allowing a fair comparison between model configurations with varying complexity. The model optimization is repeated for two different atmospheric forcings to shed light on the relationship between model complexity and other sources of uncertainty in the sea‐ice simulations, such as those associated with the atmospheric conditions. The results suggest that a more complex formulation of our model can lead to a more appropriate representation of sea ice concentration and snow thickness, while it is less relevant for sea‐ice thickness and drift., Key Points: Increased sea‐ice model complexity can improve the simulated sea‐ice concentration and snow thickness Sea‐ice thickness and drift are only weakly affected by model complexity Parameter calibration can better compensate for differences between atmospheric forcings in a simpler model, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347, European Commission (EC) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000780, US Department of Energy (DOE)
Published: 2021

8. Animal-Borne Telemetry: An Integral Component of the Ocean Observing Toolkit

Author: Rob Harcourt, Ana M. M. Sequeira, Xuelei Zhang, Fabien Roquet, Kosei Komatsu, Michelle Heupel, Clive McMahon, Fred Whoriskey, Mark Meekan, Gemma Carroll, Stephanie Brodie, Colin Simpfendorfer, Mark Hindell, Ian Jonsen, Daniel P. Costa, Barbara Block, Mônica Muelbert, Bill Woodward, Mike Weise, Kim Aarestrup, Martin Biuw, Lars Boehme, Steven J. Bograd, Dorian Cazau, Jean-Benoit Charrassin, Steven J. Cooke, Paul Cowley, P. J. Nico de Bruyn, Tiphaine Jeanniard du Dot, Carlos Duarte, Víctor M. Eguíluz, Luciana C. Ferreira, Juan Fernández-Gracia, Kimberly Goetz, Yusuke Goto, Christophe Guinet, Mike Hammill, Graeme C. Hays, Elliott L. Hazen, Luis A. Hückstädt, Charlie Huveneers, Sara Iverson, Saifullah Arifin Jaaman, Kongkiat Kittiwattanawong, Kit M. Kovacs, Christian Lydersen, Tim Moltmann, Masaru Naruoka, Lachlan Phillips, Baptiste Picard, Nuno Queiroz, Gilles Reverdin, Katsufumi Sato, David W. Sims, Eva B. Thorstad, Michele Thums, Anne M. Treasure, Andrew W. Trites, Guy D. Williams, Yoshinari Yonehara, Mike A. Fedak, Department of Biological Sciences [North Ryde], Macquarie University, The University of Western Australia Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences [Australia], The University of Western Australia (UWA), First Institute of Oceanography [China], Equipe Physique de l'Ocean Austral (DMPA), Graduate School of Frontier Sciences [Kashiwa], The University of Tokyo, Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), University of Sydney Institute of Marine Science (USIMS), The University of Sydney, Ocean Tracking network, Dalhousie University, Australian Institute of Marine Science [Perth] (AIMS Perth), Environmental Research Division [USA], NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center [USA], James Cook University (JCU), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Horbat] (IMAS), University of Tasmania (UTAS), LaSIGE [Lisboa], Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA)-Faculdade de Ciências, Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment [USA], Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, NOAA Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Office of Naval Research [USA], National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), NERC Sea Mammal Research Unit (NERC Sea Mammal Research Unit), NERC, Sea Mammal Research Unit (SMRU), University of Saint Andrews, Lab-STICC_ENSTAB_CID_TOMS, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Carleton University, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Department of Global Change Research, Institut Mediterrani d´Estudis Avançats (IMEDEA), Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avancats (IMEDEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), CSIC-UIB, IFISC, CSIRO Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre [Australia], Instituto de Fısica Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos IFISC (CSIC-UIB), Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Institute, School of Life and Environmental Sciences [Australia], School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (University of California Santa Cruz), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California-University of California, South Australian Research and Development Institute, Malaysia Institute of Oceanography, University of Malaysia, Phuket Marine Biological Center (PMBC), FRAM Centre, Norwegian Polar Institute, Integrated Marine Observing System, Aeronautical Technology Directorate [Japan], Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos/Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology [Portugal], Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Insitute of Polar Research, National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Department of Oceanography and Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Fisheries Centre (Marine Mammal Research Unit), University of British Columbia (UBC), Department of Marine Sciences [Gothenburg], University of Gothenburg (GU), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [Santa Cruz], Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews [Scotland], École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne), Sorbonne Université (SU), Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria, Red Sea Research Centre (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd [New Zealand], Marine Biological Association of the UK, The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Sea Mammal Research Unit [University of St Andrews] (SMRU), School of Biology [University of St Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland]-University of St Andrews [Scotland]-Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], University of Pretoria [South Africa], Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] (NIWA), Universidade do Porto, Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Hobart] (IMAS), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), National Research Foundation [South Africa] (NRF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universidade do Porto = University of Porto
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lcsh:QH1-199.5, Home range, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Big data, Ocean Engineering, Aquatic Science, lcsh:General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, movement analysis, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], Telemetry, Ecosystem, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, 14. Life underwater, Animal telemetry, lcsh:Science, Animal movement, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Remote sensing, Abiotic component, Global and Planetary Change, geography, ocean observing, geography.geographical_feature_category, business.industry, Continental shelf, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, EOV, Sampling (statistics), animal movement, Habitat, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, business, animal telemetry
Abstract: International audience; Animal telemetry is a powerful tool for observing marine animals and the physical environments that they inhabit, from coastal and continental shelf ecosystems to polar seas and open oceans. Satellite-linked biologgers and networks of acoustic receivers allow animals to be reliably monitored over scales of tens of meters to thousands of kilometers, giving insight into their habitat use, home range size, the phenology of migratory patterns and the biotic and abiotic factors that drive their distributions. Furthermore, physical environmental variables can be collected using animals as autonomous sampling platforms, increasing spatial and temporal coverage of global oceanographic observation systems. The use of animal telemetry, therefore, has the capacity to provide measures from a suite of essential ocean variables (EOVs) for improved monitoring of Earth's oceans. Here we outline the design features of animal telemetry systems, describe current applications and their benefits and challenges, and discuss future directions. We describe new analytical techniques that improve our ability to not only quantify animal movements but to also provide a powerful framework for comparative studies across taxa. We discuss the application of animal telemetry and its capacity to collect biotic and abiotic data, how the data collected can be incorporated into ocean observing systems, and the role these data can play in improved ocean management.
Published: 2019
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9. How many cubs can a mum nurse? Maternal age and size influence litter size in polar bears

Author: Øystein Wiig, Olivier Gimenez, Andrew E. Derocher, Dorinda Marie Folio, Sarah Cubaynes, Jon Aars, FRAM Centre, Norwegian Polar Institute, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Natural History Museum [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO), Institut de Mathématiques et de Modélisation de Montpellier (I3M), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Litter (animal), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Litter Size, Ursus maritimus, media_common.quotation_subject, Affect (psychology), 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Reproductive senescence, Pregnancy, biology.animal, Individual data, Animals, Body Size, Stabilizing selection, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Evolutionary Biology, biology, Reproductive success, Reproduction, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Female, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Ursidae, Demography, Maternal Age
Abstract: Life-history theory predicts that females' age and size affect the level of maternal investment in current reproduction, balanced against the future reproductive effort, maintenance and survival. Using long-term (30 years) individual data on 193 female polar bears ( Ursus maritimus ), we assessed age- and size-specific variation on litter size. Litter size varied with maternal age, younger females had higher chances of losing a cub during their first months of life. Results suggest an improvement in reproductive abilities early in life due to experience with subsequent reproductive senescence. Litter size increased with maternal size, indicating that size may reflect individual quality. We also found an optimum in the probability of having twins, suggesting stabilizing selection on female body size. Heterogeneity was observed among the largest females, suggesting that large size comes at a cost.
Published: 2019
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10. Higher plasma oxidative damage and lower plasma antioxidant defences in an Arctic seabird exposed to perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids

Author: Costantini, David, Blévin, Pierre, Herzke, Dorte, Moe, Borge, Gabrielsen, Geir Wing, Bustnes, Jan Ove, Chastel, Olivier, Physiologie moléculaire et adaptation (PhyMA), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (FRAM), High North Research Centre on Climate and the Environment, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Fram Centre, Norwegian Polar Institute, Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and ANR-16-CE34-0005,ILETOP,Impact des polluants historiques et émergents sur les prédateurs supérieurs marins de l'Arctique(2016)
Subjects: Svalbard, Birds, PFASs, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Kittiwake, Antioxidants
Abstract: International audience; Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) may cause detrimental effects on physiological function and reproduction of Arctic animals. However, there is a paucity of information on the link between PFASs and oxidative stress, which can have potential detrimental effects on key fitness traits, such as cellular homeostasis or reproduction. We have examined the correlations between multiple blood-based markers of oxidative status and several perfluoroalkyl acids (i.e., with 8 or more carbons) in male Arctic black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) during the pre-laying period. Higher protein oxidative damage was found in those birds having higher concentrations of perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA), perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTriA) and perfluorotetradecanoic acid (PFTeA). Lower plasmatic non-enzymatic micro-molecular antioxidants were found in those birds having higher concentrations of perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA), PFDoA and PFTeA. Effect size estimates showed that the significant correlations between PFASs and oxidative status markers were intermediate to strong. The non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity (including antioxidants of protein origin) was significantly lower in those birds having higher plasma concentration of linear perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOSlin). In contrast, the activity of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase in erythrocytes was not associated with any PFAS compounds. Our results suggest that increased oxidative stress might be one consequence of long-chain PFASexposure. Experimental work will be needed to demonstrate whether PFASs cause toxic effects on free-living vertebrates through increased oxidative stress.
Published: 2019
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11. Geographic vocal variation and perceptual discrimination abilities in male Australian sea lions

Author: Robert Harcourt, Isabelle Charrier, Adam J. Stow, Heidi Ahonen, Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie University, Department of Biological Sciences, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (NeuroPSI), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Male, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Zoology, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Competition (biology), Neophoca cinerea, Sexual Behavior, Animal, Animals, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Pinniped, Mating, Sea lion, Social Behavior, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Vocal recognition, media_common, Acoustic behavior, [SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, Geography, 05 social sciences, Australia, [SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences, biology.organism_classification, Sea Lions, Perceptual discrimination, Variation (linguistics), Mate choice, Acoustic Stimulation, Eared seal, Otariid, Vocalization, Animal
Abstract: International audience; Vocal characteristics can vary among and within populations. In species with geographic variation in the structure of vocalizations, individuals may have the ability to discriminate between calls from local and non-local individuals. The ability to distinguish differences in acoustic signals is likely to have a significant influence on the outcome of social interactions between individuals, including potentially mate selection and breeding success. Pinnipeds (seals, fur seals, sea lions and walruses) are highly vocal yet the Australian sea lion (Neophoca cinerea) is the only eared seal known to show geographic vocal variation in male barks. Barks are produced in many social interactions and encode sufficient information for both individual and colony identity to be discriminable. Yet until now, whether males could themselves discriminate these bark differences was unclear. We performed playback experiments in four breeding colonies to investigate whether males can discriminate local from non-local barks. Overall, males responded more strongly to barks from their own colony compared to barks from other colonies regardless of whether those other colonies were close or distant. Competition for females is high in Australian sea lions, but mating periods are asynchronous across colonies. The ability to correctly assess whether a male is from the same colony, thus representing a potential competitor for mates, or merely a visitor from elsewhere, may influence how males interact with others. Given the high cost of fighting, the ability to discern competitors may influence the nature of male-male interactions and ultimately influence how they allocate reproductive effort.
Published: 2017
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12. Marine mammals exploring the oceans pole to pole: a review of the MEOP consortium

Author: Gilles Reverdin, Keith W. Nicholls, Guy D. Williams, Daniel P. Costa, Philip Lovell, P J Nico de Bruyn, Christian Lydersen, Mark A. Hindell, Fabien Roquet, Mary-Anne Lea, Clive R. McMahon, Robert Harcourt, Mike O. Hammill, Trevor McIntyre, Kit M. Kovacs, Anne M. Treasure, Jean-Benoît Charrassin, Andrew W. Trites, Horst Bornemann, Andrew D. Lowther, Michael A. Fedak, Christophe Guinet, Damien Chevallier, Marthán N Bester, Baptiste Picard, Mônica M. C. Muelbert, Lars Boehme, Isabelle J. Ansorge, Department of Oceanography [Cape Town], University of Cape Town, Mammal Research Institute - Department Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria (UPSpace), Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Sea Mammal Research Unit (SMRU), University of Saint Andrews, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Equipe Physique de l'Ocean Austral (DMPA), DMPA, Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [Santa Cruz], University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California-University of California, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Maurice-Lamontagne Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Horbat] (IMAS), University of Tasmania (UTAS), FRAM Centre, Norwegian Polar Institute, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews [Scotland], Biodiversity Section [Norway], Zoology and Entomology Department, Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria [South Africa], University of Sydney Institute of Marine Science (USIMS), The University of Sydney, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Interactions et Processus au sein de la couche de Surface Océanique (IPSO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Marine Mammal Research Unit (University of British Columbia), University of British Columbia (UBC), Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre (ACE-CRC), Sea Mammal Research Unit [University of St Andrews] (SMRU), School of Biology [University of St Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland]-University of St Andrews [Scotland]-Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Processus de couplage à Petite Echelle, Ecosystèmes et Prédateurs Supérieurs (PEPS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Hobart] (IMAS), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)-School of Biology [University of St Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland]-University of St Andrews [Scotland], and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Ice formation, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Climate system, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Data portal, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Polar oceans are poorly monitored despite the important role they play in regulating Earth’s climate system. Marine mammals equipped with biologging devices are now being used to fill the data gaps in these logistically difficult to sample regions. Since 2002, instrumented animals have been generating exceptionally large data sets of oceanographic CTD casts (>500,000 profiles), which are now freely available to the scientific community through the MEOP data portal (http://meop.net). MEOP (Marine Mammals Exploring the Oceans Pole to Pole) is a consortium of international researchers dedicated to sharing animal-derived data and knowledge about the polar oceans. Collectively, MEOP demonstrates the power and cost-effectiveness of using marine mammals as data-collection platforms that can dramatically improve the ocean observing system for biological and physical oceanographers. Here, we review the MEOP program and database to bring it to the attention of the international community.
Published: 2017
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13. Spatial patterns of goose grubbing suggest elevated grubbing in dry habitats linked to early snowmelt

Author: Eva Fuglei, Jane Uhd Jepsen, Ingunn Tombre, Audun Stien, Pernille Bronken Eidesen, Åshild Ønvik Pedersen, and FRAM – High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment (Fram Centre), the Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, the Norwegian Polar Institute and the University Centre in Svalbard
Subjects: tundra, Population, habitat, grubbing, Oceanography, Svalbard, lcsh:Oceanography, Grubbing, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Environmental Chemistry, lcsh:GC1-1581, education, Biology, lcsh:Environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, lcsh:GE1-350, education.field_of_study, biology, Ecology, Anser brachyrhynchus, pink-footed goose, Vegetation, biology.organism_classification, Tundra, Habitat destruction, Habitat, Snowmelt, Environmental science
Abstract: The western Palaearctic tundra is a breeding habitat for large populations of European geese. After their arrival in spring, pink-footed geese ( Anser brachyrhynchus ) forage extensively on below-ground plant parts, using a feeding technique called grubbing that has substantial impact on the tundra vegetation. Previous studies have shown a high frequency of grubbing in lowland fen vegetation. In the present study, we examined the occurrence of grubbing in other habitat types on Spitsbergen, in the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard. Goose grubbing was surveyed along 19 altitudinal transects, going from the valley bottom to altitudes dominated by scree. Grubbing was more frequent in the wet habitat type at low altitudes compared to the drier habitat type at higher altitudes. For the dry habitat type, a higher frequency of grubbing was found in study plots with a south-east facing exposure where snowmelt is expected to be early. This suggests that pink-footed geese primarily use dry vegetation types for grubbing when they are snow-free in early spring and the availability of snow-free patches of the preferred wet vegetation types in the lowlands is limited. Dry vegetation types have poorer recovery rates from disturbance than wet ones. Sites with early snowmelt and dry vegetation types may therefore be at greater risk of long-term habitat degradation. We conclude that the high growth rate of the Svalbard-breeding pink-footed goose population suggests that increasing impacts of grubbing can be expected and argue that a responsible monitoring of the effects on the tundra ecosystem is crucial. Keywords: Anser brachyrhynchus ; grubbing; habitat; pink-footed goose; Svalbard; tundra (Published: 29 May 2013) Citation: Polar Research 2013, 32 , 19719, http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/polar.v32i0.19719
Published: 2013

14. Contribution of Natural and Economic Capital to Subjective Well-Being: Empirical Evidence from a Small-Scale Society in Kodagu (Karnataka), India

Author: Claude Garcia, Mar Grau-Satorras, Francisco Zorondo-Rodríguez, Victoria Reyes-García, Jenu Kalla, Erik Gómez-Baggethun, Katie Demps, Institut Français de Pondichéry (IFP), Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (MEAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lab. Conservación Biológica, Departamento de Ciencias EcológicasFacultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Institut de Ciencia i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Boise State University, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Fram Centre, Biens et services des écosystèmes forestiers tropicaux : l'enjeu du changement global (UPR BSEF), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Forest Management and Development Group [ETH Zürich] (FORDEV), Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems (ITES), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)
Subjects: Economic growth, Patrimoine naturel, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Sociology and Political Science, Reproduction (economics), Economic capital, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, U70 - Sciences humaines et sociales, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Bien-être social, 11. Sustainability, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Economics, Ecosystem services, E50 - Sociologie rurale, Dimensions of human well-being, Subjective well-being, Empirical evidence, capital humain, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Niveau de vie, Public economics, General Social Sciences, Life satisfaction, 15. Life on land, [SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology, Human scale development, services écosystémiques, Western Ghats, Capital (economics), Scale (social sciences), Sociologie, natural capital [EN], Natural capital
Abstract: International audience; Subjective well-being is determined by several types of sources of satisfaction, defined as forms of capitals. Most of research has been focused on the links between economic capital and well-being, neglecting the contribution of other forms of capital as source of satisfaction. Here, we bring natural capital into the equation and explore the relations between economic and natural capital and subjective well-being. We approach well-being as a multidimensional concept and then focus on three of its dimensions: subsistence, security, and reproduction and care. Working with tribal communities from Kodagu (Karnataka, India), we found positive associations between economic and natural capital and subjective well-being. Nevertheless, the two types of capitals differed on their relative contribution to (a) overall subjective well-being and (b) the three selected dimensions. Natural capital can be more important than economic capital in fulfilling human well-being. Findings support ongoing calls for explicitly incorporating ecological assets and ecosystem services in the design of policies oriented to measure and improve well being.
Published: 2016
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15. Circumpolar habitat use in the southern elephant seal: implications for foraging success and population trajectories

Author: Jean-Benoît Charrassin, Kit M. Kovacs, Christian Lydersen, Fabien Roquet, Marthán N Bester, Mônica M. C. Muelbert, Clive R. McMahon, Michael A. Fedak, Lars Boehme, Christophe Guinet, Trevor McIntyre, Laura Herraiz-Borreguero, Robert Harcourt, Guy D. Williams, Daniel P. Costa, Luis A. Hückstädt, Toby A. Patterson, Mark A. Hindell, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Horbat] (IMAS), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Antarctic Climate & Ecosystem Cooperative Research Centre, Zoology and Entomology Department, Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria [South Africa], Sea Mammal Research Unit [University of St Andrews] (SMRU), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)-School of Biology [University of St Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland]-University of St Andrews [Scotland], Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (University of California Santa Cruz), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California-University of California, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre for Ice and Climate [Copenhagen], Niels Bohr Institute [Copenhagen] (NBI), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, FRAM Centre, Norwegian Polar Institute, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Energy Technology (CSIRO Energy Technology), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Processus de couplage à Petite Echelle, Ecosystèmes et Prédateurs Supérieurs (PEPS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Hobart] (IMAS), School of Biology [University of St Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland]-University of St Andrews [Scotland]-Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), University of Tasmania (UTAS), Sea Mammal Research Unit (SMRU), University of Saint Andrews, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), NERC, University of St Andrews. School of Biology, University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit, University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland, and University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, QH301 Biology, Population, Foraging, foraging behavior, population status, Southern Ocean water masses, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, QH301, lcsh:QH540-549.5, Sea ice, Elephant seal, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, 14. Life underwater, education, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Life Below Water, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, GC, geography, education.field_of_study, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Ecology, Continental shelf, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Marine habitats, Circumpolar star, physical oceanography, biology.organism_classification, sea ice, Southern elephant seal, Ecological Applications, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, GC Oceanography, lcsh:Ecology, BDC, Zoology, Mirounga leonina, Foraging behaviour
Abstract: In the Southern Ocean, wide-ranging predators offer the opportunity to quantify how animals respond to differences in the environment because their behavior and population trends are an integrated signal of prevailing conditions within multiple marine habitats. Southern elephant seals in particular, can provide useful insights due to their circumpolar distribution, their long and distant migrations and their performance of extended bouts of deep diving. Furthermore, across their range, elephant seal populations have very different population trends. In this study, we present a data set from the International Polar Year project; Marine Mammals Exploring the Oceans Pole to Pole for southern elephant seals, in which a large number of instruments (N = 287) deployed on animals, encompassing a broad circum-Antarctic geographic extent, collected in situ ocean data and at-sea foraging metrics that explicitly link foraging behavior and habitat structure in time and space. Broadly speaking, the seals foraged in two habitats, the relatively shallow waters of the Antarctic continental shelf and the Kerguelen Plateau and deep open water regions. Animals of both sexes were more likely to exhibit area-restricted search (ARS) behavior rather than transit in shelf habitats. While Antarctic shelf waters can be regarded as prime habitat for both sexes, female seals tend to move northwards with the advance of sea ice in the late autumn or early winter. The water masses used by the seals also influenced their behavioral mode, with female ARS behavior being most likely in modified Circumpolar Deepwater or northerly Modified Shelf Water, both of which tend to be associated with the outer reaches of the Antarctic Continental Shelf. The combined effects of (1) the differing habitat quality, (2) differing responses to encroaching ice as the winter progresses among colonies, (3) differing distances between breeding and haul-out sites and high quality habitats, and (4) differing long-term regional trends in sea ice extent can explain the differing population trends observed among elephant seal colonies. Publisher PDF
Published: 2016
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16. What Defines Quality of Life? The Gap Between Public Policies and Locally Defined Indicators Among Residents of Kodagu, Karnataka (India)

Author: Pere Ariza-Montobbio, Kathryn Demps, Francisco Zorondo-Rodríguez, Erik Gómez-Baggethun, Claude Garcia, Victoria Reyes-García, Institut Français de Pondichéry (IFP), Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (MEAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Fram Centre, Boise State University, Institut de Ciencia i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)
Subjects: [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Economic growth, medicine.medical_specialty, Sociology and Political Science, Public economics, Human Development Report, Public health, 1. No poverty, General Social Sciences, Public policy, Standard of living, humanities, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Quality of life, 11. Sustainability, Human geography, Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Human Development Index, Business, Natural resource management, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Improving quality of life (QoL) is one of the main goals of many public policies. A useful tool to measure QoL needs to get a good balance between indicators guided by theories (top-down approach) and indicators defined by local people (bottom-up approach). However, QoL measurement tools often neglect to include elements that define the standard of living at local level. In this paper, we analyse the correspondence between human development index, as an indicator adopted by governments to assess QoL, and the elements defined by local people as important in their QoL, called here local means. Using a free-listing technique, we collected information from 114 individuals from Kodagu, Kartanataka (India), to capture local means defining QoL. We then compared local means with the indicators used by Human development report (HDR) of Karnataka, the main measurement tool of QoL in Kodagu. The list of local means included access to basic facilities and many issues related to agriculture and natural resources management as elements locally defining QoL. We also found that HDR does not capture the means defined by people as indicators of QoL. Our findings suggest an important gap between current QoL's indicators considered by public policies and the means of QoL defined by people. Our study provides insights for a set of plausible local indicators useful to achieve a balance between top-down and bottom-up approaches for the local public policies.
Published: 2012
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17. Patterns, processes and vulnerability of Southern Ocean benthos: a decadal leap in knowledge and understanding

Author: Jeroen Ingels, Ann Vanreusel, Dorte Janussen, Chantal De Ridder, Benjamin Pierrat, Saskia Brix, Anne-Nina Lörz, Kari E. Ellingsen, David A. Pearce, Narissa Bax, Moriaki Yasuhara, Torben Riehl, Christoph Held, Claudia P. Arango, Magdalena Błażewicz-Paszkowycz, Gritta Veit-Köhler, Renuka Badhe, David A. Bowden, Myriam Schüller, Charlotte Havermans, Armin Rose, Julian Gutt, Chester J. Sands, Stefano Schiaparelli, Jan M. Strugnell, Florian Leese, Bruno David, Huw J. Griffiths, Anna Soler-Membrives, Anna I. Catarino, Angelika Brandt, Nerida G. Wilson, Kenneth M. Halanych, Adrian G. Glover, Simone N. Brandão, Philippe Dubois, Nils Brenke, David K. A. Barnes, Stefanie Kaiser, Biocenter Grindel and Zoological Museum, University of Hamburg, German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Senckenberg am Meer, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] (NIWA), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Marine Biology Department, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Ruhr-Universität Bochum [Bochum], Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences (DISTAV), Universita degli studi di Genova, Natural Environments Program, Queensland Museum, Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, Scott Polar Research Institute, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Horbat] (IMAS), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Zakład Biologii Polarnej i Oceanobiologii, Uniwersytet Łódzki, Wydział Nauk Geograficznych, German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research [Wilhelmshaven, Allemagne] (DZMB), Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Fram Centre, Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Department of Biological Sciences [Auburn], Auburn University (AU), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Sektion Marine Evertebraten I, Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum, Unitat de Zoologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Department of Genetics, La Trobe University [Melbourne]-La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong (HKU)-Swire Institute of Marine Science, Department of Earth Sciences [Hong kong], The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Additional funding was gratefully received from the German Research Foundation (DFG, code KA 2857/1-1) and the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) (S. Kaiser). S.N. Branda˜o was a Alexander von Humboldt fellow and also received support from SYNTHESYS and Encyclopedia of Life. C. Arango acknowledges support from the Australian Antarctic Science Grants (project AA3010) and CAML and the organizers of the Wilhelmshaven workshop for travel funding. NIWA staff was supported by the New Zealand Government under the New Zealand IPYCAML Project (IPY2007-01), project governance provided by the Ministry of Fisheries Science Team and the Ocean Survey 20/20 CAML Advisory Group (Land Information New Zealand, Ministry of Fisheries, Antarctica New Zealand, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, and National Institute of Water and Atmosphere Ltd), partfunding was provided by the Ministry of Science and Innovation project COBR1302 (Biodiversity & Biosecurity). BAS staff was supported by the British Antarctic Survey Polar Science for Planet Earth Programme. A. Brandt acknowledges the support of the German Research Foundation (DFG) for support of the ANDEEP and ANDEEP- SYSTCO expeditions and various Southern Ocean projects (Br 1121/22, 1-3, Br 1121/26, 1-4, Br 1121/27-1, Br 1121/28-1, Br 1121/33-1, Br 1121/34-1, Br 1121/37-1, Br 1121/38-1, Br 1121/39-1, Br 1121/40-1, Br 1121/41, 1, Br 1121/43-1, 436 RUS 17/20/02, 436 POL 17/6/03, 436 RUS 17/91/03, 436 RUS 17/103/05, 436 RUS 17/58/06) as well as to the University of Hamburg. J. Ingels and A. Vanreusel acknowledge support from the Belgian Science Policy and the ESF IMCOAST project with contributions of Research Foundation Flanders. F. Leese and C. Held were supported by DFG grants MA 3684/2 and LE 2323/2 within the priority program 1158. B. David and C. De Ridder received support from the Belgian Science Policy (Research project SD/BA/02A, BIANZO II) and ANR Antflocks ANR ANTFLOCKS (No. 07-BLAN-0213-01). D. Janussen thanks the DFG (DFG-Projects JA 1063/14-1.2, JA-1063-17-1), and SYNTHESYS (GB-TAF 885, NL-TAF 11, ES-TAF 1705, AT-TAF 2600) for their support. C. Havermans was financially supported by the Belgian Science Policy with an 'Action II' grant (contract number WI/36/H04). T. Riehl received funding from the German National Academic Foundation (Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes). N. Wilson's participation was facilitated by Scripps Institution of Oceanography and an NSF OPP grant ANT-1043749., German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research ( DZMB ), National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd, British Antarctic Survey ( BAS ), Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), Ghent University [Belgium] ( UGENT ), Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences ( DISTAV ), Institute for Marine & Antarctic Studies ( IMAS ), Institute for Marine & Antarctic Studies, Uniwersytet Łódzki, Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] ( ULB ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research ( NINA ), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung ( AWI ), Auburn University, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences ( RBINS ), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] ( UAB ), Scripps Institution of Oceanography ( SIO ), University of California [San Diego] ( UC San Diego ), The University of Hong Kong ( HKU ) -Swire Institute of Marine Science, Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong ( HKU ), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Environmental change, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Biodiversity, Climate change, Context (language use), Marine life, Aquatic Science, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecology, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Environmental resource management, 15. Life on land, Natural resource, [ SDV.EE.ECO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, Biologie
Abstract: 23 pages; International audience; In the Southern Ocean, that is areas south of the Polar Front, long-term oceanographic cooling, geographic separation, development of isolating current and wind systems, tectonic drift and fluctuation of ice sheets amongst others have resulted in a highly endemic benthic fauna, which is generally adapted to the long-lasting, relatively stable environmental conditions. The Southern Ocean benthic ecosystem has been subject to minimal direct anthropogenic impact (compared to elsewhere) and thus presents unique opportunities to study biodiversity and its responses to environmental change. Since the beginning of the century, research under the Census of Marine Life and International Polar Year initiatives, as well as Scientific Committee of Antarctic Research biology programmes, have considerably advanced our understanding of the Southern Ocean benthos. In this paper, we evaluate recent progress in Southern Ocean benthic research and identify priorities for future research. Intense efforts to sample and describe the benthic fauna, coupled with coordination of information in global databases, have greatly enhanced understanding of the biodiversity and biogeography of the region. Some habitats, such as chemosynthetic systems, have been sampled for the first time, while application of new technologies and methods are yielding new insights into ecosystem structure and function. These advances have also highlighted important research gaps, notably the likely consequences of climate change. In a time of potentially pivotal environmental change, one of the greatest challenges is to balance conservation with increasing demands on the Southern Ocean's natural resources and services. In this context, the characterization of Southern Ocean biodiversity is an urgent priority requiring timely and accurate species identifications, application of standardized sampling and reporting procedures, as well as cooperation between disciplines and nations.
Published: 2013
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18. Trans-equatorial migration routes, staging sites and wintering areas of a High-Arctic avian predator: the Long-tailed Skua (Stercorarius longicaudus)

Author: Jeroen Reneerkens, Jannik Hansen, Johannes Lang, Sveinn Are Hanssen, Olivier Gilg, Jérôme Moreau, Richard A. Phillips, Loïc Bollache, Børge Moe, Thomas Oudman, Elisabeth M. Biersma, Olivier Chastel, Benoît Sittler, Brigitte Sabard, Anette A. Fenstad, Niels Martin Schmidt, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Arctic Research Centre, Institut für Landespflege, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Animal Ecology Group, University of Groningen [Groningen], Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé ( CEBC ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), British Antarctic Survey ( BAS ), Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), Arctic Centre, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research ( NIOZ ), Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] ( NTNU ), Institute of Animal Ecology and Nature Education, Support to this study from the Conseil Régional de Bourgogne, the French Polar Institut (IPEV, project '1036-Interactions'), the Danish Environmental Protection Agency, the Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Arctique (GREA), the Fram Centre, Arctic Field Grant, and from the Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA)., Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Department of Bioscience [Roskilde], Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)-Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Arctic and Antarctic studies, and Piersma group
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Time Factors, Greenland, lcsh:Medicine, habitat, Breeding, 01 natural sciences, Skua, Svalbard, Marine Conservation, Stercorarius longicaudus, Ornithology, Flyway, Oceans, movements, north-atlantic, lcsh:Science, Atlantic Ocean, atlantic-ocean, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Animal Behavior, biology, Arctic Regions, Marine Ecology, dynamics, tracking, Geography, geolocation, Biogeography, climate-change, Seasons, Seabird, reveals, pelagic seabird, Research Article, Marine Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Birds, biology.animal, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Biology, Southern Hemisphere, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, lcsh:R, biology.organism_classification, Marine and aquatic sciences, Fishery, Earth sciences, Arctic, Predatory Behavior, Upwelling, Animal Migration, lcsh:Q, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Oceanic basin, Zoology
Abstract: The Long-tailed Skua, a small (,300 g) Arctic-breeding predator and seabird, is a functionally very important component of the Arctic vertebrate communities in summer, but little is known about its migration and winter distribution. We used lightlevel geolocators to track the annual movements of eight adult birds breeding in north-east Greenland (n = 3) and Svalbard (n = 5). All birds wintered in the Southern Hemisphere (mean arrival-departure dates on wintering grounds: 24 October-21 March): five along the south-west coast of Africa (0–40uS, 0–15uE), in the productive Benguela upwelling, and three further south (30–40uS, 0–50uE), in an area extending into the south-west Indian Ocean. Different migratory routes and rates of travel were documented during post-breeding (345 km d21 in late August-early September) and spring migrations (235 km d21 in late April) when most birds used a more westerly flyway. Among the different staging areas, a large region off the Grand Banks of Newfoundland appears to be the most important. It was used in autumn by all but one of the tracked birds (from a few days to three weeks) and in spring by five out of eight birds (from one to more than six weeks). Two other staging sites, off the Iberian coast and near the Azores, were used by two birds in spring for five to six weeks. Over one year, individuals travelled between 43,900 and 54,200 km (36,600–45,700 when excluding staging periods) and went as far as 10,500–13,700 km (mean 12,800 km) from their breeding sites. This study has revealed important marine areas in both the south and north Atlantic Ocean. Sustainable management of these ocean basins will benefit Long-tailed Skuas as well as other trans-equatorial migrants from the Arctic. © 2013 Gilg et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Published: 2013
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19. Estimates of the Southern Ocean general circulation improved by animal-borne instruments

Author: Roquet, Fabien, Wunsch, Carl, Forget, Gael, Heimbach, Patrick, Guinet, Christophe, Reverdin, G, Charrassin, J. B., Bailleul, F., Costa, D.P., Hückstädt, L.A., Goetz, K.T., Kovacs, K. M., Lydersen, C., Biuw, M., Chafik, L., Nøst, O. A., Bornemann, Horst, Plötz, Joachim, Bester, Marthán N., McIntyre, Trevor, Muelbert, M.C., Hindell, M.A., McMahon, C. R., Williams, G., Harcourt, R., Field, I.C., Nicholls, K. W., Boehme, Lars, Fedak, Mike A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Échanges dans la couche de surface : des pôles aux tropiques (SURF), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions et Processus au sein de la couche de Surface Océanique (IPSO), Couplage physique-biogéochimie-carbone (PHYBIOCAR), Processus de couplage à Petite Echelle, Ecosystèmes et Prédateurs Supérieurs (PEPS), Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), FRAM Centre, Norwegian Polar Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], University of Pretoria [South Africa], Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California-University of California, NERC, University of St Andrews. School of Biology, University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland, University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute, and University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, hydrography, Data accuracy, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Animal-borne instruments, 14. Life underwater, state estimation, Southern Ocean, Sea ice concentration, Polar climate, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, GC, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap, Circumpolar star, animal-borne sampling, Current (stream), Geophysics, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, Climatology, General Circulation Model, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, GC Oceanography, Satellite, Earth and Related Environmental Sciences, Hydrography
Abstract: Over the last decade, several hundred seals have been equipped with conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) sensors in the Southern Ocean for both biological and physical oceanographic studies. A calibrated collection of seal-derived hydrographic data is now available, consisting of more than 165,000 profiles. The value of these hydrographic data within the existing Southern Ocean observing system is demonstrated herein by conducting two state estimation experiments, differing only in the use or not of seal data to constrain the system. Including seal-derived data substantially modifies the estimated surface mixed-layer properties and circulation patterns within and south of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Agreement with independent satellite observations of sea-ice concentration is improved, especially along the East Antarctic shelf. Instrumented animals efficiently reduce a critical observational gap, and their contribution to monitoring polar climate variability will continue to grow as data accuracy and spatial coverage increase. Publisher PDF
Published: 2013
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20. Technological and environmental challenges of Arctic shipping—a case study of a fictional voyage in the Arctic

Author: Lars Henrik Larsen, Beate Kvamstad-Lervold, Rune Rautio, Victoria Gribkovskaia, Kjetil Sagerup, Tor Einar Berg, Alexei Bambulyak, and The Fram Centre, The Norwegian Foreign Department
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Boom, lcsh:Oceanography, Environmental risk, Arctic shipping, technology, scenario, grounding, Northern Sea Route, environmental impact, Range (aeronautics), Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Environmental Chemistry, Environmental impact assessment, lcsh:GC1-1581, Western siberia, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, lcsh:GE1-350, business.industry, Technology, Biology, The arctic, Petroleum industry, Arctic, Environmental science, business, Marine engineering
Abstract: Shipping in Arctic seas is challenging and poses an environmental risk. This paper presents a fictional case involving a multipurpose supply vessel transporting one large object (a 750-tonne compressor) and 24 containers loaded with chemicals and equipment for use by the petroleum industry in western Siberia. With technical details representative of vessels navigating the Arctic today, the fictitious ship Oleum has an ice class sufficient for navigating unaccompanied in the Barents and Kara seas, so no assistance is in range when, in late October, clogged fuel filters cause engine failure and the vessel eventually drifts ashore. Heeling over, Oleum loses both cargo and marine diesel oil. The scenario includes a successful helicopter rescue of the 16 crewmembers and a partial recovery of oil and chemicals by booms and skimmers. Recovery of chemicals with physical properties not allowing mechanical collection is not attempted. The scenario ends as the abandoned wreck is broken down at the stranding location, and containers rupture and discharge their cargo. The scenario postulates a moderate and short-lived environmental impact. The most visible effects of the grounding are the hull itself, the compressor and the spreading effects and degradation of oil and chemicals unmanageable for the clean-up operations. Keywords: Arctic shipping; technology; scenario; grounding; Northern Sea Route; environmental impact. (Published: 26 May 2016) To access the supplementary material for this article, please see the supplementary file in the column to the right (under Article Tools). Citation: Polar Research 2016, 35 , 27977, http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/polar.v35.27977
Published: 2016
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21. Climate change and the ecology and evolution of Arctic vertebrates

Author: Gilg, Olivier, Kovacs, Kit M., Aars, Jon, Fort, Jérôme, Gauthier, Gilles, Grémillet, David, Ims, Rolf A., Meltofte, Hans, Moreau, Jérôme, Post, Eric, Schmidt, Niels Martin, Yannic, Glenn, Bollache, Loïc, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Division of Population Biology, FRAM Centre, Norwegian Polar Institute, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Departement de Biologie & Centre d'Etudes Nordiques, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø (UiT), Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Support from the Conseil Régional de Bourgogne (project '1036-Interactions'), the French Polar Institute (IPEV) (project '388-Adaclim'), the Norwegian Research Council's IPY and NORKLIMA research programs (Climate change research in Norway), and from the Norwegian Polar Institute., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Université Laval, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive ( CEFE ), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), University of Tromsø ( UiT ), and PennState University [Pennsylvania] ( PSU )
Subjects: Aquatic Organisms, tundra, lemmings, Climate Change, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Population Dynamics, shorebirds, parasites, range shifts, Host-Parasite Interactions, mismatches, [ SDV.EE.BIO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, phenological changes, Animals, Ice Cover, threat, skin and connective tissue diseases, impacts, marine mammals, Ecosystem, trophic interactions, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, polar bear, Arctic Regions, Endangered Species, Biological Evolution, sea ice, large herbivores, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, plasticity, rodents, Vertebrates, Animal Migration, geese, sense organs, adaptations, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, geographic locations, seabirds
Abstract: 25 pages; International audience; Climate change is taking place more rapidly and severely in the Arctic than anywhere on the globe, exposing Arctic vertebrates to a host of impacts. Changes in the cryosphere dominate the physical changes that already affect these animals, but increasing air temperatures, changes in precipitation, and ocean acidification will also affect Arctic ecosystems in the future. Adaptation via natural selection is problematic in such a rapidly changing environment. Adjustment via phenotypic plasticity is therefore likely to dominate Arctic vertebrate responses in the short term, and many such adjustments have already been documented. Changes in phenology and range will occur for most species but will only partly mitigate climate change impacts, which are particularly difficult to forecast due to the many interactions within and between trophic levels. Even though Arctic species richness is increasing via immigration from the South, many Arctic vertebrates are expected to become increasingly threatened during this century.
Published: 2012
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22. Response of an arctic predator guild to collapsing lemming cycles

Author: Lars H. Hansen, Eva Fuglei, Jannik Hansen, Benoît Sittler, Niels Martin Schmidt, Olivier Gilg, Toke T. Høye, Rolf A. Ims, Magnus Lund, Mads C. Forchhammer, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Department of Bioscience, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø ( UiT ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), FRAM Centre, Norwegian Polar Institute, Greenland Climate Research Centre, Greenland Institute for Natural Resources, Institut für Landespflege, and University of Freiburg [Freiburg]
Subjects: Food Chain, Carnivora, Greenland, Population Dynamics, Population, Models, Biological, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Birds, Arctic, Dicrostonyx groenlandicus, biology.animal, [ SDV.EE.IEO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, Animals, Arctic fox, Keystone species, education, Predator, Research Articles, General Environmental Science, predator-prey interaction, education.field_of_study, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, General Immunology and Microbiology, biology, Arctic Regions, Arvicolinae, Ecology, Reproduction, Collared lemming, cyclic population dynamics, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, climate change, Guild, Population cycle, Seasons, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Abstract: 6 pages; International audience; Alpine and arctic lemming populations appear to be highly sensitive to climate change, and when faced with warmer and shorter winters, their well-known high-amplitude population cycles may collapse. Being keystone species in tundra ecosystems, changed lemming dynamics may convey significant knock-on effects on trophically linked species. Here, we analyse long-term (1988-2010), community-wide monitoring data from two sites in high-arctic Greenland and document how a collapse in collared lemming cyclicity affects the population dynamics of the predator guild. Dramatic changes were observed in two highly specialized lemming predators: snowy owl and stoat. Following the lemming cycle collapse, snowy owl fledgling production declined by 98 per cent, and there was indication of a severe population decline of stoats at one site. The less specialized long-tailed skua and the generalist arctic fox were more loosely coupled to the lemming dynamics. Still, the lemming collapse had noticeable effects on their reproductive performance. Predator responses differed somewhat between sites in all species and could arise from site-specific differences in lemming dynamics, intra-guild interactions or subsidies from other resources. Nevertheless, population extinctions and community restructuring of this arctic endemic predator guild are likely if the lemming dynamics are maintained at the current non-cyclic, low-density state.
Published: 2012
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23. Triiodothyronine (T 3 ), but not resting metabolic rate correlates positively with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in Arctic terns.

Author: Aune AA, Gabrielsen GW, Ellis HI, and Jenssen BM
Subjects: Animals, Female, Male, Arctic Regions, Environmental Pollutants blood, Environmental Pollutants metabolism, Environmental Monitoring, Svalbard, Triiodothyronine blood, Fluorocarbons blood, Basal Metabolism drug effects, Charadriiformes metabolism, Charadriiformes blood
Abstract: In Arctic seabirds, positive correlations between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and thyroid hormones (THs) and resting metabolic rate (RMR) have been documented. Herein we investigated levels and patterns of PFAS in Arctic terns (Sterna paradisaea) nesting in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard (Norway), and if circulating concentrations of PFAS correlated with their circulating concentrations of TH, and the RMR of the birds. The hypothesis was that there will be positive correlations between PFAS, TH, and RMR, indicating that PFAS-induced increases in plasma THs could be responsible for the increased RMR. The dominating PFAS in the terns were perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnDA) and perfluorotridecanoate (PFTrDA). The PFAS pattern was similar to what has been found in other seabirds in Kongsfjorden. There were positive correlations between several PFAS and total triiodothyronine (TT 3 ) concentrations in the terns. When sex was accounted for there were significant correlations in female terns, but not in males. There were no correlations between PFAS and RMR or between TT 3 and RMR. This indicates that there is no link between a PFAS-induced increase in plasma TT 3 concentrations and a resultant increased RMR. The positive associations between blood PFAS concentrations and plasma TT 3 concentrations may be a passive association, as both PFAS and T 3 bind to thyroid hormone binding proteins (THBP). We recommend that interrelationships between circulating concentrations of PFAS, THs and THBP are investigated further to identify the role of PFAS as TH disrupting chemicals and chemicals that may affect the RMR in birds., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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24. Tackling the elephant in the room - Large-scale salmon farming and the potential for far-field ecosystem effects.

Author: Keeley N, Sævik P, Woodcock S, and Bannister R
Subjects: Animals, Ecosystem, Environmental Monitoring methods, Salmon, Aquaculture
Abstract: Significant expansion in salmon production globally has been partially enabled through the establishment of large-capacity sea-farms in high-energy environments that collectively produce substantial quantities of organic waste with potential to cause regional scale environmental degradation. We analyse results from comprehensive spatial and temporal surveys of water column particulates and seabed environmental indicators for responses to farm production, and residual effects. Results confirmed that while the particles can and do reach a relatively wide area, benthic effects do not necessarily follow suit. There was limited evidence of longer-term environmental degradation at some near-field locations and spatially removed deeper sites. We concluded that evidence for regional biological effects was negligible, suggesting: i) modern waste tracing techniques are more sensitive than traditional effects indicators, and ii) waste fluxes in the far-field were being assimilated without causing environmental perturbation. Monitoring at potential accumulation points, especially for sites with complex bathymetry and hydrodynamics is advised., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Nigel Keeley reports financial support was provided by Norges Forskiningsrad. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
Published: 2024
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25. Cross-cutting studies of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) in Arctic wildlife and humans.

Author: Lohmann R, Abass K, Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC, Bossi R, Dietz R, Ferguson S, Fernie KJ, Grandjean P, Herzke D, Houde M, Lemire M, Letcher RJ, Muir D, De Silva AO, Ostertag SK, Rand AA, Søndergaard J, Sonne C, Sunderland EM, Vorkamp K, Wilson S, and Weihe P
Subjects: Arctic Regions, Animals, Humans, Animals, Wild, Ursidae, Environmental Exposure statistics & numerical data, Fluorocarbons analysis, Environmental Pollutants metabolism, Environmental Pollutants analysis, Environmental Monitoring, Alkanesulfonic Acids analysis
Abstract: This cross-cutting review focuses on the presence and impacts of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the Arctic. Several PFAS undergo long-range transport via atmospheric (volatile polyfluorinated compounds) and oceanic pathways (perfluorinated alkyl acids, PFAAs), causing widespread contamination of the Arctic. Beyond targeting a few well-known PFAS, applying sum parameters, suspect and non-targeted screening are promising approaches to elucidate predominant sources, transport, and pathways of PFAS in the Arctic environment, wildlife, and humans, and establish their time-trends. Across wildlife species, concentrations were dominated by perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), followed by perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA); highest concentrations were present in mammalian livers and bird eggs. Time trends were similar for East Greenland ringed seals (Pusa hispida) and polar bears (Ursus maritimus). In polar bears, PFOS concentrations increased from the 1980s to 2006, with a secondary peak in 2014-2021, while PFNA increased regularly in the Canadian and Greenlandic ringed seals and polar bear livers. Human time trends vary regionally (though lacking for the Russian Arctic), and to the extent local Arctic human populations rely on traditional wildlife diets, such as marine mammals. Arctic human cohort studies implied that several PFAAs are immunotoxic, carcinogenic or contribute to carcinogenicity, and affect the reproductive, endocrine and cardiometabolic systems. Physiological, endocrine, and reproductive effects linked to PFAS exposure were largely similar among humans, polar bears, and Arctic seabirds. For most polar bear subpopulations across the Arctic, modeled serum concentrations exceeded PFOS levels in human populations, several of which already exceeded the established immunotoxic thresholds for the most severe risk category. Data is typically limited to the western Arctic region and populations. Monitoring of legacy and novel PFAS across the entire Arctic region, combined with proactive community engagement and international restrictions on PFAS production remain critical to mitigate PFAS exposure and its health impacts in the Arctic., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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26. Feathers as integrated archives of environmental stress: Direct and indirect effects of metal exposure and dietary ecology on physiological stress in a terrestrial raptor.

Author: Hansen E, Bustnes JO, Herzke D, Bangjord G, Ballesteros M, Bårdsen BJ, Bollinger E, Schulz R, Eulaers I, and Bourgeon S
Subjects: Animals, Norway, Diet, Female, Strigiformes physiology, Corticosterone, Metals analysis, Environmental Exposure statistics & numerical data, Feathers chemistry, Stress, Physiological, Environmental Pollutants, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: Metal pollution is a global environmental issue with adverse biological effects on wildlife. Long-term studies that span declines in metal emissions due to regulation, resulting in varying levels of environmental contamination, are therefore well-suited to investigate effects of toxic metals, while also facilitating robust analysis by incorporating fluctuating environmental conditions and food availability. Here, we examined a resident population of tawny owls in Norway between 1986 and 2019. Tail feathers from females were collected annually, resulting in over 1000 feathers. Each feather served as an archive of local environmental conditions during molt, including the presence of metals, and their dietary ecology, proxied by stable isotopes of nitrogen (δ 15 N) and carbon (δ 13 C), as well as corticosterone levels (CORTf), the primary avian glucocorticoid and a measure of physiological stress. We analyzed feathers to examine how exposure to toxic metal(loid)s (Al, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) and variability in dietary proxies modulate CORTf. Using structural equation modelling, we found that increased Al concentrations and δ 15 N values, linked directly to increased CORTf. In opposite, we found that increased Hg concentrations and δ 13 C related to decreased CORTf concentrations. δ 15 N was indirectly linked to CORTf through Al and Hg, while δ 13 C was indirectly linked to CORTf through Hg. This supports our hypothesis that metal exposure and dietary ecology may individually or jointly influence physiological stress. Notably, our results suggest that dietary ecology has the potential to mediate the impact of metals on CORTf, highlighting the importance of considering multiple variables, direct and indirect effects, when assessing stress in wildlife. In conclusion, feathers represent an excellent non-destructive biomonitoring strategy in avian wildlife, providing valuable insights not easily accessible using other methods. Further research is warranted to fully comprehend implications of alterations in CORTf on the tawny owl's health and fitness., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in the present paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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27. An ecologically sound and participatory monitoring network for pan-Arctic seabirds.

Author: Clairbaux M, Rönkä M, Anker-Nilssen T, Artukhin Y, Danielsen J, Gavrilo M, Gilchrist G, Hansen ES, Hedd A, Kaler R, Kuletz K, Olsen B, Mallory ML, Merkel FR, Strøm H, Fort J, and Grémillet D
Subjects: Animals, Arctic Regions, Environmental Monitoring methods, Climate Change, Charadriiformes physiology, Conservation of Natural Resources methods
Abstract: In a warming Arctic, circumpolar long-term monitoring programs are key to advancing ecological knowledge and informing environmental policies. Calls for better involvement of Arctic peoples in all stages of the monitoring process are widespread, although such transformation of Arctic science is still in its infancy. Seabirds stand out as ecological sentinels of environmental changes, and priority has been given to implement the Circumpolar Seabird Monitoring Plan (CSMP). We assessed the representativeness of a pan-Arctic seabird monitoring network focused on the black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) by comparing the distribution of environmental variables for all known versus monitored colonies. We found that with respect to its spatiotemporal coverage, this monitoring network does not fully embrace current and future environmental gradients. To improve the current scheme, we designed a method to identify colonies whose inclusion in the monitoring network will improve its ecological representativeness, limit logistical constraints, and improve involvement of Arctic peoples. We thereby highlight that inclusion of study sites in the Bering Sea, Siberia, western Russia, northern Norway, and southeastern Greenland could improve the current monitoring network and that their proximity to local populations might allow increased involvement of local communities. Our framework can be applied to improve existing monitoring networks in other ecoregions and sociological contexts., (© 2024 The Authors. Conservation Biology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society for Conservation Biology.)
Published: 2024
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28. 20 years of bibliometric data illustrates a lack of concordance between journal impact factor and fungal species discovery in systematic mycology.

Author: Nilsson RH, Jansson AT, Wurzbacher C, Anslan S, Belford P, Corcoll N, Dombrowski A, Ghobad-Nejhad M, Gustavsson M, Gómez-Martínez D, Kalsoom Khan F, Khomich M, Lennartsdotter C, Lund D, Van Der Merwe B, Mikryukov V, Peterson M, Porter TM, Põlme S, Retter A, Sanchez-Garcia M, Svantesson S, Svedberg P, Vu D, Ryberg M, Abarenkov K, and Kristiansson E
Abstract: Journal impact factors were devised to qualify and compare university library holdings but are frequently repurposed for use in ranking applications, research papers, and even individual applicants in mycology and beyond. The widely held assumption that mycological studies published in journals with high impact factors add more to systematic mycology than studies published in journals without high impact factors nevertheless lacks evidential underpinning. The present study uses the species hypothesis system of the UNITE database for molecular identification of fungi and other eukaryotes to trace the publication history and impact factor of sequences uncovering new fungal species hypotheses. The data show that journal impact factors are poor predictors of discovery potential in systematic mycology. There is no clear relationship between journal impact factor and the discovery of new species hypotheses for the years 2000-2021. On the contrary, we found journals with low, and even no, impact factor to account for substantial parts of the species hypothesis landscape, often discovering new fungal taxa that are only later picked up by journals with high impact factors. Funding agencies and hiring committees that insist on upholding journal impact factors as a central funding and recruitment criterion in systematic mycology should consider using indicators such as research quality, productivity, outreach activities, review services for scientific journals, and teaching ability directly rather than using publication in high impact factor journals as a proxy for these indicators., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (R. Henrik Nilsson, Arnold Tobias Jansson, Christian Wurzbacher, Sten Anslan, Pauline Belford, Natàlia Corcoll, Alexandra Dombrowski, Masoomeh Ghobad-Nejhad, Mikael Gustavsson, Daniela Gómez-Martínez, Faheema Kalsoom Khan, Maryia Khomich, Charlotte Lennartsdotter, David Lund, Breyten Van Der Merwe, Vladimir Mikryukov, Marko Peterson, Teresita M. Porter, Sergei Põlme, Alice Retter, Marisol Sanchez-Garcia, Sten Svantesson, Patrik Svedberg, Duong Vu, Martin Ryberg, Kessy Abarenkov, Erik Kristiansson.)
Published: 2024
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29. Metals and other trace elements in plasma and feathers of seabirds breeding in Svalbard.

Author: Lundgren SS, Abbasi NA, Waugh CA, Lee MM, Ciesielski TM, Gabrielsen GW, Descamps S, and Jaspers VLB
Subjects: Animals, Svalbard, Environmental Pollutants metabolism, Environmental Pollutants blood, Male, Female, Metals analysis, Metals blood, Selenium analysis, Selenium blood, Feathers chemistry, Trace Elements analysis, Charadriiformes metabolism, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: We assessed the concentrations of metals and other trace elements in two of the most common seabird species breeding on Svalbard, the black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) and the Brünnich's guillemot (Uria lomvia). Both of these species feed mostly on fish and crustaceans but have different foraging strategies, kittiwakes being surface feeders while guillemots are divers. We investigated the concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) in the plasma and body feathers of black-legged kittiwakes (n = 17), as well as in the body feathers of Brünnich's guillemots (n = 13). Samples were collected from adult birds at two time points, one week apart during July 2017 in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. Of the non-essential trace elements, As was found at the highest median concentration at both the first (56.23 ng/g ww) and second (39.99 ng/g ww) sampling timepoints in the kittiwake plasma. When separating for the sexes, as well as sampling time, males sampled at the first sampling time point had significantly higher concentrations of As (median at 0.087 ng/g versus 0.039 ng/g) and Se (median 0.26 ng/g versus 0.16 ng/g) compared to males sampled at the second time point. There was no significant difference in plasma concentrations between females at first and second sampling time points. Kittiwake feathers contained significantly higher concentrations of As, Cd and Hg than guillemot feathers, while guillemot feathers had significantly higher concentrations of Cu, Pb and Zn. However, of the non-essential elements in both kittiwake and guillemot feathers Hg was found with the highest median concentrations at 5160 and 1080 ng/g, respectively, thus in kittiwakes exceeding the level of 5000 ng/g associated with adverse effect (e.g., impaired reproduction). Levels of Hg and Se found in the kittiwake feathers were higher than previous studies on seabirds in the Arctic., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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30. Unravelling spermatogenesis in spotted wolffish: Insights from the ultrastructure of juvenile male testes to the cryopreservation of broodstock sperm.

Author: Superio J, Resseguier J, Nobrega RH, Grebstad CM, Fakriadis I, Foss A, Hagen Ø, Zhang M, Del Pilar García-Hernández M, and Galindo-Villegas J
Abstract: The aim of this study was to deepen our understanding of the reproductive biology of male spotted wolffish ( Anarhichas minor ) using two different experimental approaches involving juvenile and mature broodstock fish. The first approach consisted of a detailed histological examination of the testes to identify the onset of gonadal maturation and characterise the spermatogenic stages in two- and three-year-old juvenile specimens. Light microscopy analysis revealed clear differences between the age groups. Two-year-old fish displayed well-defined interstitial tissue, Sertoli cells and cysts housing spermatogonia stem cells in which meiosis had not yet begun. In contrast, three-year-old fish exhibited cysts containing spermatocytes, spermatids and abundant spermatozoa, indicating the initiation of the spermatogenic cycle, albeit with asynchronous puberty. Histochemical staining revealed a significant presence of smooth myoid cells in the interstitial tissue of sexually mature fish, while electron microscopy further revealed synaptonemal complexes indicating the onset of meiosis and centriolar structures that gave rise to flagella. The second approach focused on optimising semen freezing and cryopreservation procedures in mature broodstock individuals over the age of 10 years. Seven freezing extenders (KT, TS-2, OP, MT, MH, HBSS, or SR), with seawater (SW) as a control, were assessed along with two cryoprotectants dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or methanol to evaluate their impact on pre- and post-thaw semen quality. Results showed that the MT and HBSS extenders were superior in total sperm kinetics at 1:3 dilution, and that DMSO showed optimal results in sperm motility and velocity variants. Moreover, the MT and HBSS groups demonstrated consistent sperm viability after cryopreservation, with values similar to fresh samples. Based on the viability results of the SYBR-green-14/PI assay comparing fresh and cryopreserved sperm using MT and HBSS, the MT extender emerged as the most effective freezing medium for cryopreservation of spotted wolffish broodstock sperm. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the reproductive dynamics of male spotted wolffish, offering valuable insights for both scientific research and aquaculture management., Competing Interests: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests. Jorge Galindo-Villegas reports financial support was provided by 10.13039/501100000780European Commission, EU H2020 ERANET BlueBio Cofund. Jorge Galindo-Villegas reports financial support was provided by 10.13039/501100005416Research Council of Norway. Jorge Galindo-Villegas and Meiling Zhang declare that they are members of the editorial board at Aquaculture at the time of submission If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)
Published: 2024
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31. Network analysis to reveal the most commonly detected compounds in predator-prey pairs in freshwater and marine mammals and fish in Europe.

Author: Alygizakis N, Kostopoulou N, Gkotsis G, Nika MC, Orfanioti A, Ng K, Bizani E, Nikolopoulou V, Badry A, Brownlow A, Centelleghe C, Chadwick EA, Ciesielski TM, Cincinelli A, Claßen D, Danielsson S, Dekker RWRJ, Duke G, Glowacka N, Gol'din P, Jansman HAH, Jauniaux T, Knopf B, Koschorreck J, Krone O, Lekube X, Martellini T, Movalli P, O'Rourke E, Oswald P, Oswaldova M, Saavedra C, Persson S, Rohner S, Roos A, Routti H, Schmidt B, Sciancalepore G, Siebert U, Treu G, van den Brink NW, Vishnyakova K, Walker LA, Thomaidis NS, and Slobodnik J
Subjects: Animals, Europe, Seawater chemistry, Fishes, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis, Environmental Monitoring, Fresh Water, Food Chain, Mammals
Abstract: Marine and freshwater mammalian predators and fish samples, retrieved from environmental specimen banks (ESBs), natural history museum (NHMs) and other scientific collections, were analysed by LIFE APEX partners for a wide range of legacy and emerging contaminants (2545 in total). Network analysis was used to visualize the chemical occurrence data and reveal the predominant chemical mixtures for the freshwater and marine environments. For this purpose, a web tool was created to explore these chemical mixtures in predator-prey pairs. Predominant chemicals, defined as the most prevalent substances detected in prey-predator pairs were identified through this innovative approach. The analysis established the most frequently co-occurring substances in chemical mixtures from AP&P in the marine and freshwater environments. Freshwater and marine environments shared 23 chemicals among their top 25 predominant chemicals. Legacy chemical, including perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), brominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene and mercury were dominant chemicals in both environments. Furthermore, N-acetylaminoantipyrine was a predominant pharmaceutical in both environments. The LIFE APEX chemical mixture application (https://norman-data.eu/LIFE_APEX_Mixtures) was proven to be useful to establish most prevalent compounds in terms of number of detected counts in prey-predator pairs. Nonetheless, further research is needed to establish food chain associations of the predominant chemicals., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest All the authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
Published: 2024
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32. PFAS Exposure is Associated with a Lower Spermatic Quality in an Arctic Seabird.

Author: Humann-Guilleminot S, Blévin P, Gabrielsen GW, Herzke D, Nikiforov VA, Jouanneau W, Moe B, Parenteau C, Helfenstein F, and Chastel O
Subjects: Animals, Male, Arctic Regions, Birds, Testosterone blood, Charadriiformes, Fluorocarbons, Spermatozoa drug effects
Abstract: Several studies have reported an increasing occurrence of poly- and perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) in Arctic wildlife tissues, raising concerns due to their resistance to degradation. While some research has explored PFAS's physiological effects on birds, their impact on reproductive functions, particularly sperm quality, remains underexplored. This study aims to assess (1) potential association between PFAS concentrations in blood and sperm quality in black-legged kittiwakes ( Rissa tridactyla ), focusing on the percentage of abnormal spermatozoa, sperm velocity, percentage of sperm motility, and morphology; and (2) examine the association of plasma levels of testosterone, corticosterone, and luteinizing hormone with both PFAS concentrations and sperm quality parameters to assess possible endocrine disrupting pathways. Our findings reveal a positive correlation between the concentration of longer-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCA; C11-C14) in blood and the percentage of abnormal sperm in kittiwakes. Additionally, we observed that two other PFAS (i.e., PFOSlin and PFNA), distinct from those associated with sperm abnormalities, were positively correlated with the stress hormone corticosterone. These findings emphasize the potentially harmful substance-specific effects of long-chain PFCAs on seabirds and the need for further research into the impact of pollutants on sperm quality as a potential additional detrimental effect on birds.
Published: 2024
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33. From microplastics to pixels: testing the robustness of two machine learning approaches for automated, Nile red-based marine microplastic identification.

Author: Meyers N, De Witte B, Schmidt N, Herzke D, Fuda JL, Vanavermaete D, Janssen CR, and Everaert G
Subjects: Plastics, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis, Microplastics analysis, Machine Learning, Environmental Monitoring methods, Oxazines analysis
Abstract: Despite the urgent need for accurate and robust observations of microplastics in the marine environment to assess current and future environmental risks, existing procedures remain labour-intensive, especially for smaller-sized microplastics. In addition to this, microplastic analysis faces challenges due to environmental weathering, impacting the reliability of research relying on pristine plastics. This study addresses these knowledge gaps by testing the robustness of two automated analysis techniques which combine machine learning algorithms with fluorescent colouration of Nile red (NR)-stained particles. Heterogeneously shaped uncoloured microplastics of various polymers-polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-ranging from 100 to 1000 µm in size and weathered under semi-controlled surface and deep-sea conditions, were stained with NR and imaged using fluorescence stereomicroscopy. This study assessed and compared the accuracy of decision tree (DT) and random forest (RF) models in detecting and identifying these weathered plastics. Additionally, their analysis time and model complexity were evaluated, as well as the lower size limit (2-4 µm) and the interoperability of the approach. Decision tree and RF models were comparably accurate in detecting and identifying pristine plastic polymers (both > 90%). For the detection of weathered microplastics, both yielded sufficiently high accuracies (> 77%), although only RF models were reliable for polymer identification (> 70%), except for PET particles. The RF models showed an accuracy > 90% for particle predictions based on 12-30 pixels, which translated to microplastics sized < 10 µm. Although the RF classifier did not produce consistent results across different labs, the inherent flexibility of the method allows for its swift adaptation and optimisation, ensuring the possibility to fine-tune the method to specific research goals through customised datasets, thereby strengthening its robustness. The developed method is particularly relevant due to its ability to accurately analyse microplastics weathered under various marine conditions, as well as ecotoxicologically relevant microplastic sizes, making it highly applicable to real-world environmental samples., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
Published: 2024
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34. Panel-based assessment of ecosystem condition as a platform for adaptive and knowledge driven management.

Author: Jepsen JU, Arneberg P, Ims RA, Siwertsson A, Yoccoz NG, Fauchald P, Pedersen ÅØ, van der Meeren GI, and von Quillfeldt CH
Subjects: Uncertainty, Environmental Monitoring methods, Ecosystem, Conservation of Natural Resources methods
Abstract: Ecosystems are subjected to increasing exposure to multiple anthropogenic drivers. This has led to the development of national and international accounting systems describing the condition of ecosystems, often based on few, highly aggregated indicators. Such accounting systems would benefit from a stronger theoretical and empirical underpinning of ecosystem dynamics. Operational tools for ecosystem management require understanding of natural ecosystem dynamics, consideration of uncertainty at all levels, means for quantifying driver-response relationships behind observed and anticipated future trajectories of change, and an efficient and transparent synthesis to inform knowledge-driven decision processes. There is hence a gap between highly aggregated indicator-based accounting tools and the need for explicit understanding and assessment of the links between multiple drivers and ecosystem condition as a foundation for informed and adaptive ecosystem management. We describe here an approach termed PAEC (Panel-based Assessment of Ecosystem Condition) for combining quantitative and qualitative elements of evidence and uncertainties into an integrated assessment of ecosystem condition at spatial scales relevant to management and monitoring. The PAEC protocol is founded on explicit predictions, termed phenomena, of how components of ecosystem structure and functions are changing as a result of acting drivers. The protocol tests these predictions with observations and combines these tests to assess the change in the condition of the ecosystem as a whole. PAEC includes explicit, quantitative or qualitative, assessments of uncertainty at different levels and integrates these in the final assessment. As proofs-of-concept we summarize the application of the PAEC protocol to a marine and a terrestrial ecosystem in Norway., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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35. Towards reliable data: Validation of a machine learning-based approach for microplastics analysis in marine organisms using Nile red staining.

Author: Meyers N, Everaert G, Hostens K, Schmidt N, Herzke D, Fuda JL, Janssen CR, and De Witte B
Subjects: Animals, Oxazines, Fishes, Mytilus edulis, Gastrointestinal Tract, Plastics, Machine Learning, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis, Microplastics analysis, Aquatic Organisms, Environmental Monitoring methods
Abstract: Microplastic (MP) research faces challenges due to costly, time-consuming, and error-prone analysis techniques. Additionally, the variability in data quality across studies limits their comparability. This study addresses the critical need for reliable and cost-effective MP analysis methods through validation of a semi-automated workflow, where environmentally relevant MP were spiked into and recovered from marine fish gastrointestinal tracts (GITs) and blue mussel tissue, using Nile red staining and machine learning automated analysis of different polymers. Parameters validated include trueness, precision, uncertainty, limit of quantification, specificity, sensitivity, selectivity, and method robustness. For fish GITs a 95 ± 9 % recovery rate was achieved, and 87 ± 11 % for mussels. Polymer identification accuracies were 76 ± 8 % for fish GITs and 80 ± 13 % for mussels. Polyethylene terephthalate fragments showed more variability with lower accuracies. The proposed validation parameters offer a step towards quality management guidelines, as such aiding future researchers and fostering cross-study comparability., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
Published: 2024
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36. Exploring avian exposure to parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): Using the common eider Somateria mollissima in a global context.

Author: Pacyna-Kuchta AD, Souza-Kasprzyk J, Garbus SE, Eulaers I, Sonne C, and Jakubas D
Subjects: Animals, Feathers chemistry, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis, Biological Monitoring, Environmental Exposure statistics & numerical data, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons analysis, Ducks, Environmental Monitoring methods
Abstract: Compared to other organic contaminants, birds are rarely studied for their exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), mainly due to their effective metabolization of parent PAHs. However, as some studies suggest, exposure to PAHs may result in adverse health effects including decreased survival, especially following oil spills. In the present study, we analyzed samples from a sea duck, the common eider Somateria mollissima including feathers, preen oil, blood, liver and bile, to evaluate whether non- lethally collected samples could be reliably used for avian biomonitoring strategies. Phenanthrene was the only individual PAH detected across sample types, with the highest concentration found in preen gland and the lowest in blood. Significant differences in concentrations were observed between bile vs preen gland and liver vs preen gland, while for most compounds neither blood nor feathers showed detectable levels of parent PAHs. Therefore, the utility of those sample types for PAH exposure assessment may be limited and should be interpreted with caution, moreover as several physiological factors may affect them. Additionally, we also provide a comparison with the available literature to review current avian PAH exposure assessment and outline future research focused needs., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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37. Dynamics of mercury stable isotope compounds in Arctic seals: New insights from a controlled feeding trial on hooded seals Cystophora cristata.

Author: Pinzone M, Amouroux D, Tessier E, Acquarone M, Siebert U, and Das K
Subjects: Animals, Arctic Regions, Food Chain, Hair chemistry, Diet veterinary, Kidney metabolism, Kidney chemistry, Liver chemistry, Liver metabolism, Seals, Earless metabolism, Environmental Monitoring methods, Water Pollutants, Chemical metabolism, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis, Mercury metabolism, Mercury analysis, Mercury Isotopes
Abstract: Accurate interpretation of mercury (Hg) isotopic data requires the consideration of several biotic factors such as age, diet, geographical range, and tissue metabolic turnover. A priori knowledge of prey-predator isotopic incorporation rates and Hg biomagnification is essential. This study aims to assess Hg stable isotopes incorporation in an Arctic species of Phocidae, the hooded seal Cystophora cristata, kept in human care for 24 months (2012-2014) and fed on a constant diet of Norwegian Spring Spawning herring Clupea harengus. We measured THg, MMHg and iHg levels, as well as Hg stable isotope composition with both mass dependent (MDF) and mass independent (MIF) fractionation (e.g. δ 202 Hg and Δ 199,200,201,204 Hg) in hooded seal kidney, liver, hair and muscle, in addition to herring muscle. We then calculated Hg MDF and MIF isotopic fractionation between hooded seals and their prey. We found a significant shift in δ 202 Hg between hooded seal hair (+0.80‰) and kidney (-0.78‰), and herring muscle. In hooded seals tissues δ 202 Hg correlated positively with MMHg percentage. These findings suggest that tissue-specific Hg speciation is the major driver of changes in Hg isotopic fractionation rates in this Arctic predator. Δ 199 Hg, Δ 200 Hg, Δ 201 Hg and Δ 204 Hg values did not vary between herring and hooded seal tissues, confirming their utility as tracers of Hg marine and atmospheric sources in top predators. To our knowledge, this represents the first attempt to assess complex Hg isotope dynamics in the internal system of Arctic Phocidae, controlling the effects of age, diet, and distribution. Our results confirm the validity of Hg stable isotopes as tracers of environmental Hg sources even in top predators, but emphasize the importance of animal age and tissue selection for inter-study and inter-species comparisons., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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38. Flagged observation analyses as a tool for scoping and communication in integrated ecosystem assessments.

Author: Solvang HK and Arneberg P
Subjects: Models, Statistical, Conservation of Natural Resources methods, Environmental Monitoring methods, Ecosystem, Algorithms
Abstract: Working groups for integrated ecosystem assessments are often challenged with understanding and assessing recent change in ecosystems. As a basis for this, the groups typically have at their disposal many time series and will often need to prioritize which ones to follow up for closer analyses and assessment. In this article we provide a procedure termed Flagged Observation analysis that can be applied to all the available time series to help identifying time series that should be prioritized. The statistical procedure first applies a structural time series model including a stochastic trend model to the data to estimate the long-term trend. The model adopts a state space representation, and the trend component is estimated by a Kalman filter algorithm. The algorithm obtains one- or more-years-ahead prediction values using all past information from the data. Thus, depending on the number of years the investigator wants to consider as "the most recent", the expected trend for these years is estimated through the statistical procedure by using only information from the years prior to them. Forecast bands are estimated around the predicted trends for the recent years, and in the final step, an assessment is made on the extent to which observations from the most recent years fall outside these forecast bands. Those that do, may be identified as flagged observations. A procedure is also presented for assessing whether the combined information from all the most recent observations form a pattern that deviates from the predicted trend and thus represents an unexpected tendency that may be flagged. In addition to form the basis for identifying time series that should be prioritized in an integrated ecosystem assessment, flagged observations can provide the basis for communicating with managers and stakeholders about recent ecosystem change. Applications of the framework are illustrated with two worked examples., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Solvang, Arneberg. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Published: 2024
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39. Selective Labeling of Small Microplastics with SERS-Tags Based on Gold Nanostars: Method Optimization Using Polystyrene Beads and Application in Environmental Samples.

Author: Mercedi A, Gentili G, Poli V, Philipp C, Rosso B, Lavagnolo MC, Hallanger I, Corami F, Meneghetti M, and Litti L
Abstract: Microplastics pollution is being unanimously recognized as a global concern in all environments. Routine analysis protocols foresee that samples, which are supposed to contain up to hundreds of microplastics, are eventually collected on nanoporous filters and inspected by microspectroscopy techniques like micro-FTIR or micro-Raman. All particles, whether made of plastic or not, must be inspected one by one to detect and count microplastics. This makes it extremely time-consuming, especially when Raman is adopted, and indeed mandatory for the small microplastic fraction. Inspired by the principles of cell labeling, the present study represents the first report in which gold nanostars (AuNS) are functionalized to act as SERS-tags and used to selectively couple to microplastics. The intrinsic bright signals provided by the SERS-tags are used to run a quick scan over a wide filter area with roughly 2 orders of magnitude shorter analysis time in respect of state of the art in micro- and nanoplastics detection by μ-Raman. The applicability of the present protocol has been validated at the proof-of-concept level on both fabricated and real offshore marine samples. It is indeed worth mentioning that a SERS-based approach is herein successfully applied on filters and protocols routinely adopted in environmental microplastics monitoring, paving the way for future implementations and applications., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)
Published: 2024
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40. Photosynthetic light requirement near the theoretical minimum detected in Arctic microalgae.

Author: Hoppe CJM, Fuchs N, Notz D, Anderson P, Assmy P, Berge J, Bratbak G, Guillou G, Kraberg A, Larsen A, Lebreton B, Leu E, Lucassen M, Müller O, Oziel L, Rost B, Schartmüller B, Torstensson A, and Wloka J
Subjects: Arctic Regions, Ice Cover, Chlorophyll A metabolism, Chlorophyll metabolism, Light, Oceans and Seas, Photosynthesis physiology, Photosynthesis radiation effects, Microalgae metabolism, Microalgae growth & development, Sunlight, Biomass
Abstract: Photosynthesis is one of the most important biological processes on Earth, providing the main source of bioavailable energy, carbon, and oxygen via the use of sunlight. Despite this importance, the minimum light level sustaining photosynthesis and net growth of primary producers in the global ocean is still unknown. Here, we present measurements from the MOSAiC field campaign in the central Arctic Ocean that reveal the resumption of photosynthetic growth and algal biomass buildup under the ice pack at a daily average irradiance of not more than 0.04 ± 0.02 µmol photons m -2 s -1 in late March. This is at least one order of magnitude lower than previous estimates (0.3-5 µmol photons m -2 s -1 ) and near the theoretical minimum light requirement of photosynthesis (0.01 µmol photons m -2 s -1 ). Our findings are based on measurements of the temporal development of the under-ice light field and concurrent measurements of both chlorophyll a concentrations and potential net primary production underneath the sea ice at 86 °N. Such low light requirements suggest that euphotic zones where photosynthesis can occur in the world's oceans may extend further in depth and time, with major implications for global productivity estimates., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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41. Individual quality overwrites carry-over effects across the annual cycle of a long-distance migrant.

Author: Léandri-Breton DJ, Elliott KH, Tarroux A, Moe B, Jouanneau W, Amélineau F, Angelier F, Blévin P, Sandøy Bråthen V, Fauchald P, Gabrielsen GW, Goutte A, Parenteau C, Tartu S, Legagneux P, and Chastel O
Subjects: Animals, Female, Male, Energy Metabolism, Animal Migration, Charadriiformes physiology, Seasons, Reproduction
Abstract: In seasonal environments, the fitness of animals depends upon the successful integration of life-history stages throughout their annual cycle. Failing to do so can lead to negative carry-over effects where individuals are transitioning into the next season in different states, consequently affecting their future performance. However, carry-over effects can be masked by individual quality when individuals vary in their efficiency at acquiring resources year after year (i.e. 'quality'), leading to cross-seasonal consistency in individual performance. Here we investigated the relative importance of carry-over effects and individual quality in determining cross-seasonal interactions and consequences for breeding success over the full annual cycle of a migratory seabird (black-legged kittiwake Rissa tridactyla). We monitored the reproduction and annual movement of kittiwakes over 13 years using geolocators to estimate their breeding success, distribution and winter energy expenditure. We combined this with an experimental approach (clutch removal experiment, 2 years) to manipulate the reproductive effort irrespective of individual quality. Piecewise path analyses showed that successful breeders reproduced earlier and were more likely to breed successfully again the following year. This positive interaction among consecutive breeding stages disappeared after controlling for individual quality, suggesting that quality was dominant in determining seasonal interactions. Moreover, controlling experimentally for individual quality revealed underlying carry-over effects that were otherwise masked by quality, with breeding costs paid in higher energy expenditure and delayed onset of reproduction. We highlight the need to combine an experimental approach along with long-term data while assessing apparent carry-over effects in wild animals, and their potential impact on fitness and population demography., (© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Animal Ecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Ecological Society.)
Published: 2024
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42. Path analysis reveals combined winter climate and pollution effects on the survival of a marine top predator.

Author: Layton-Matthews K, Erikstad KE, Sandvik H, Ballesteros M, Hodges K, Mesquita MDS, Reiertsen TK, Yoccoz NG, and Bustnes JO
Subjects: Animals, Population Dynamics, Predatory Behavior, Water Pollutants, Chemical, North Sea, Climate Change, Charadriiformes physiology, Food Chain, Seasons
Abstract: Marine ecosystems are experiencing growing pressure from multiple threats caused by human activities, with far-reaching consequences for marine food webs. Determining the effects of multiple stressors is complex, in part, as they can affect different aspects of biological organisation (behaviour, individual traits and demographic rates). Determining the combined effects of stressors, through different biological pathways, is key to predict the consequences for the viability of populations threatened by global change. Due to their position in the food chain, top predators such as seabirds are considered more sensitive to environmental changes. Climate change is affecting the prey resources available for seabirds, through bottom-up effects, while organic pollutants can bioaccumulate in food chains with the greatest impacts on top predators. However, knowledge of their combined effects on population dynamics is scarce. Using a path analysis, we quantify the effects of climate change and pollution on the survival of adult great black-backed gulls, both directly and through effects of individuals' body mass. Warmer ocean temperatures in gulls' winter foraging areas in the North Sea were correlated with higher survival, potentially explained by shifts in prey availability associated with global climate change. We also found support for indirect negative effects of organochlorines, highly toxic pollutants to seabirds, on survival, which acted, in part, through a negative effect on body mass. The results from this path analysis highlight how, even for such long-lived species where variance in survival tends to be limited, two stressors still have had a marked influence on adult survival and illustrate the potential of path models to improve predictions of population variability under multiple stressors., (© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Animal Ecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Ecological Society.)
Published: 2024
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43. Land-based foraging by polar bears reveals sexual conflict outside mating season.

Author: Prop J, Black JM, Aars J, Oudman T, Wolters E, and Moe B
Subjects: Animals, Female, Male, Sexual Behavior, Animal physiology, Feeding Behavior physiology, Reproduction physiology, Ursidae physiology, Seasons
Abstract: According to sexual selection theory, the sexes are faced with opposing evolutionary goals. Male fitness benefits from access to females, whereas female fitness is constrained by food resources and safety for themselves and their offspring. Particularly in large solitary carnivores, such as polar bears (Ursus maritimus), these divergent goals can potentially lead to conflict between the sexes. Outside the mating season, when polar bears are on the move across vast distances, the consequences of such conflict can become apparent when individuals arrive at the same food source. To investigate interrelationships between the sexes, we observed successive polar bears visiting a bird breeding colony to feed on clutches of eggs. We found that males succeeded females more frequently and more closely than expected by chance. Moreover, when males were closer to conspecifics, they walked faster, spent less time in the colony and ingested less food. In contrast, female foraging performance was not associated with proximity to other bears. Irrespective of proximity, females generally spent short periods in the colony and ingested fewer clutches than males. Our results suggest that in polar bears, there is a trade-off between the benefits of food intake and the opportunities (in males) and risks (in females) posed by encountering conspecifics., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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44. Intercorrelations of Chlorinated Paraffins, Dechloranes, and Legacy Persistent Organic Pollutants in 10 Species of Marine Mammals from Norway, in Light of Dietary Niche.

Author: Andvik C, Jourdain E, Borgen A, Lyche JL, Karoliussen R, Haug T, and Borgå K
Subjects: Animals, Norway, Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated metabolism, Paraffin metabolism, Mammals metabolism, Environmental Monitoring, Flame Retardants metabolism, Diet, Polychlorinated Biphenyls metabolism, Persistent Organic Pollutants metabolism
Abstract: Short-, medium-, and long-chain chlorinated paraffins (CPs) (SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs) and dechloranes are chemicals of emerging concern; however, little is known of their bioaccumulative potential compared to legacy contaminants in marine mammals. Here, we analyzed SCCPs, MCCPs, LCCPs, 7 dechloranes, 4 emerging brominated flame retardants, and 64 legacy contaminants, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), in the blubber of 46 individual marine mammals, representing 10 species, from Norway. Dietary niche was modeled based on stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon in the skin/muscle to assess the contaminant accumulation in relation to diet. SCCPs and dechlorane-602 were strongly positively correlated with legacy contaminants and highest in killer ( Orcinus orca ) and sperm ( Physeter macrocephalus ) whales (median SCCPs: 160 ng/g lw; 230 ng/g lw and median dechlorane-602: 3.8 ng/g lw; 2.0 ng/g lw, respectively). In contrast, MCCPs and LCCPs were only weakly correlated to recalcitrant legacy contaminants and were highest in common minke whales ( Balaenoptera acutorostrata ; median MCCPs: 480 ng/g lw and LCCPs: 240 ng/g lw). The total contaminant load in all species was dominated by PCBs and legacy chlorinated pesticides (63-98%), and MCCPs dominated the total CP load (42-68%, except 11% in the long-finned pilot whale Globicephala melas ). Surprisingly, we found no relation between contaminant concentrations and dietary niche, suggesting that other large species differences may be masking effects of diet such as lifespan or biotransformation and elimination capacities. CP and dechlorane concentrations were higher than in other marine mammals from the (sub)Arctic, and they were present in a killer whale neonate, indicating bioaccumulative properties and a potential for maternal transfer in these predominantly unregulated chemicals.
Published: 2024
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45. Near Pan-Svalbard permafrost cryospheric hazards inventory (SvalCryo).

Author: Nicu IC, Rubensdotter L, Tanyaș H, and Lombardo L
Abstract: Cryospheric hazards - in this case, thaw slumps (TS) and thermo-erosion gullies (TEG) - are phenomena typical of permafrost-dominated landscapes. Open datasets informing about their spatial, temporal and size distributions in the Arctic are still uncommon, as opposed to the systematic availability of this information for geomorphic processes in mid- to low- latitudes. To date, only the most populated region of Svalbard was covered with TS and TEG inventories. Here, we extend the respective information to most of the Archipelago, totalling 8491 polygons, out of which 3679 are TSs and 4812 are TEGs. These have been manually mapped from aerial photographs throughout Svalbard across the 14 largest ice-free regions. The SvalCryo inventory is highly relevant as the Arctic environment undergoes alarming changes in response to global warming. The idea behind the two inventories is to support the geoscientific community in the quest to evaluate the environmental response to climate change, by creating a baseline for change monitoring, and ultimately to serve as basis for susceptibility, hazard and risk assessment models., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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46. Future sea ice weakening amplifies wind-driven trends in surface stress and Arctic Ocean spin-up.

Author: Muilwijk M, Hattermann T, Martin T, and Granskog MA
Abstract: Arctic sea ice mediates atmosphere-ocean momentum transfer, which drives upper ocean circulation. How Arctic Ocean surface stress and velocity respond to sea ice decline and changing winds under global warming is unclear. Here we show that state-of-the-art climate models consistently predict an increase in future (2015-2100) ocean surface stress in response to increased surface wind speed, declining sea ice area, and a weaker ice pack. While wind speeds increase most during fall (+2.2% per decade), surface stress rises most in winter (+5.1% per decade) being amplified by reduced internal ice stress. This is because, as sea ice concentration decreases in a warming climate, less energy is dissipated by the weaker ice pack, resulting in more momentum transfer to the ocean. The increased momentum transfer accelerates Arctic Ocean surface velocity (+31-47% by 2100), leading to elevated ocean kinetic energy and enhanced vertical mixing. The enhanced surface stress also increases the Beaufort Gyre Ekman convergence and freshwater content, impacting Arctic marine ecosystems and the downstream ocean circulation. The impacts of projected changes are profound, but different and simplified model formulations of atmosphere-ice-ocean momentum transfer introduce considerable uncertainty, highlighting the need for improved coupling in climate models., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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47. Stepping-up accurate quantification of chlorinated paraffins: Successful certification of the first matrix reference material.

Author: Ricci M, de Boer J, Johansen JE, Liu H, Dumas P, Warner NA, Pērkons I, McGrath TJ, Røsrud Borgen A, Bjørneby SM, Tomasko J, Steer H, Lentjes A, van Velzen M, and van Mourik L
Subjects: Animals, Fishes, Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated analysis, Paraffin analysis, Paraffin chemistry, Reference Standards
Abstract: Background: Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are industrial chemicals categorised as persistent organic pollutants because of their toxicity, persistency and tendency to long-range transport, bioaccumulation and biomagnification. Despite having been the subject of environmental attention for decades, analytical methods for CPs still struggle reaching a sufficient degree of accuracy. Among the issues negatively impacting the quantification of CPs, the unavailability of well-characterised standards, both as pure substances and as matrix (certified) reference materials (CRMs), has played a major role. The focus of this study was to provide a matrix CRM as quality control tool to improve the comparability of CPs measurement results., Results: We present the process of certification of ERM®-CE100, the first fish reference material assigned with certified values for the mass fraction of short-chain and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs and MCCPs, respectively). The certification was performed in accordance with ISO 17034:2016 and ISO Guide 35:2017, with the value assignment step carried out via an intercomparison of laboratories of demonstrated competence in CPs analysis and applying procedures based on different analytical principles. After confirmation of the homogeneity and stability of the CRM, two certified values were assigned for SCCPs, depending on the calibrants used: 31 ± 9 μg kg -1 and 23 ± 7 μg kg -1 . The MCCPs certified value was established as 44 ± 17 μg kg -1 . All assigned values are relative to wet weight in the CRM that was produced as a fish paste to enhance similarity to routine biota samples., Significance and Novelty: The fish tissue ERM-CE100 is the first matrix CRM commercially available for the analysis of CPs, enabling analytical laboratories to improve the accuracy and the metrological traceability of their measurements. The certified CPs values are based on results obtained by both gas and liquid chromatography coupled with various mass spectrometric techniques, offering thus a broad validity to laboratories employing different analytical methods and equipment., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 European Union. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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48. Combining Advanced Analytical Methodologies to Uncover Suspect PFAS and Fluorinated Pharmaceutical Contributions to Extractable Organic Fluorine in Human Serum (Tromsø Study).

Author: Cioni L, Nikiforov V, Benskin JP, Coêlho ACMF, Dudášová S, Lauria MZ, Lechtenfeld OJ, Plassmann MM, Reemtsma T, Sandanger TM, and Herzke D
Subjects: Humans, Fluorocarbons blood, Norway, Halogenation, Pharmaceutical Preparations blood, Chromatography, Liquid, Fluorine
Abstract: A growing number of studies have reported that routinely monitored per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are not sufficient to explain the extractable organic fluorine (EOF) measured in human blood. In this study, we address this gap by screening pooled human serum collected over 3 decades (1986-2015) in Tromsø (Norway) for >5000 PFAS and >300 fluorinated pharmaceuticals. We combined multiple analytical techniques (direct infusion Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-Orbitrap-high-resolution mass spectrometry, and total oxidizable precursors assay) in a three-step suspect screening process which aimed at unequivocal suspect identification. This approach uncovered the presence of one PFAS and eight fluorinated pharmaceuticals (including some metabolites) in human serum. While the PFAS suspect only accounted for 2-4% of the EOF, fluorinated pharmaceuticals accounted for 0-63% of the EOF, and their contribution increased in recent years. Although fluorinated pharmaceuticals often contain only 1-3 fluorine atoms, our results indicate that they can contribute significantly to the EOF. Indeed, the contribution from fluorinated pharmaceuticals allowed us to close the organofluorine mass balance in pooled serum from 2015, indicating a good understanding of organofluorine compounds in humans. However, a portion of the EOF in human serum from 1986 and 2007 still remained unexplained.
Published: 2024
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49. Winter Tracking Data Suggest that Migratory Seabirds Transport Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances to Their Arctic Nesting Site.

Author: Léandri-Breton DJ, Jouanneau W, Legagneux P, Tarroux A, Moe BR, Angelier F, Blévin P, Bråthen VS, Fauchald P, Gabrielsen GW, Herzke D, Nikiforov VA, Elliott KH, and Chastel O
Subjects: Animals, Arctic Regions, Environmental Monitoring, Nesting Behavior, Norway, Birds metabolism, Female, Animal Migration, Seasons, Fluorocarbons blood, Fluorocarbons metabolism, Charadriiformes metabolism
Abstract: Seabirds are often considered sentinel species of marine ecosystems, and their blood and eggs utilized to monitor local environmental contaminations. Most seabirds breeding in the Arctic are migratory and thus are exposed to geographically distinct sources of contamination throughout the year, including per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Despite the abundance and high toxicity of PFAS, little is known about whether blood concentrations at breeding sites reliably reflect local contamination or exposure in distant wintering areas. We tested this by combining movement tracking data and PFAS analysis (nine compounds) from the blood of prelaying black-legged kittiwakes ( Rissa tridactyla ) nesting in Arctic Norway (Svalbard). PFAS burden before egg laying varied with the latitude of the wintering area and was negatively associated with time upon return of individuals at the Arctic nesting site. Kittiwakes ( n = 64) wintering farther south carried lighter burdens of shorter-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs, C 9 -C 12 ) and heavier burdens of longer chain PFCAs (C 13 -C 14 ) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid compared to those wintering farther north. Thus, blood concentrations prior to egg laying still reflected the uptake during the previous wintering stage, suggesting that migratory seabirds can act as biovectors of PFAS to Arctic nesting sites.
Published: 2024
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50. High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for Human Exposomics: Expanding Chemical Space Coverage.

Author: Lai Y, Koelmel JP, Walker DI, Price EJ, Papazian S, Manz KE, Castilla-Fernández D, Bowden JA, Nikiforov V, David A, Bessonneau V, Amer B, Seethapathy S, Hu X, Lin EZ, Jbebli A, McNeil BR, Barupal D, Cerasa M, Xie H, Kalia V, Nandakumar R, Singh R, Tian Z, Gao P, Zhao Y, Froment J, Rostkowski P, Dubey S, Coufalíková K, Seličová H, Hecht H, Liu S, Udhani HH, Restituito S, Tchou-Wong KM, Lu K, Martin JW, Warth B, Godri Pollitt KJ, Klánová J, Fiehn O, Metz TO, Pennell KD, Jones DP, and Miller GW
Subjects: Humans, Exposome, Metabolomics, Proteomics methods, Environmental Exposure, Mass Spectrometry methods
Abstract: In the modern "omics" era, measurement of the human exposome is a critical missing link between genetic drivers and disease outcomes. High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), routinely used in proteomics and metabolomics, has emerged as a leading technology to broadly profile chemical exposure agents and related biomolecules for accurate mass measurement, high sensitivity, rapid data acquisition, and increased resolution of chemical space. Non-targeted approaches are increasingly accessible, supporting a shift from conventional hypothesis-driven, quantitation-centric targeted analyses toward data-driven, hypothesis-generating chemical exposome-wide profiling. However, HRMS-based exposomics encounters unique challenges. New analytical and computational infrastructures are needed to expand the analysis coverage through streamlined, scalable, and harmonized workflows and data pipelines that permit longitudinal chemical exposome tracking, retrospective validation, and multi-omics integration for meaningful health-oriented inferences. In this article, we survey the literature on state-of-the-art HRMS-based technologies, review current analytical workflows and informatic pipelines, and provide an up-to-date reference on exposomic approaches for chemists, toxicologists, epidemiologists, care providers, and stakeholders in health sciences and medicine. We propose efforts to benchmark fit-for-purpose platforms for expanding coverage of chemical space, including gas/liquid chromatography-HRMS (GC-HRMS and LC-HRMS), and discuss opportunities, challenges, and strategies to advance the burgeoning field of the exposome.
Published: 2024
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