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The available literature suggests that the most significant barriers to undergoing colonoscopy in general include#8220;fear of pain and discomfort#8221;,#8220;fear of bowel preparation#8221;, as well as directly unrelated influences such as#8220;lack of support from family and friends#8221;,#8220;busy family and work schedules#8221;,#8220;other health problems#8221; and the current#8220;fear of getting COVID-19 in hospital#8221;. A marital union may play a positive role, previous cancer a negative one. Another important factor is that patients are not used to talking about their barriers spontaneously; a guided conversation is a useful tool. Respondents in this qualitative study addressed these barriers as significant in their answers.

The diploma thesis is focused on the issue of patients experiencing postoperative pain in a Post Anaesthesia Care Unit (PACU). The thesis is aimed at three basic goals. The first one is focused on the analysis of the pain a patient experiences in a PACU. The second goal is the in-depth comparison of the pain the patients experience after various surgeries and the third goal is to get the feedback on the nurses' approach to the pain assessment. The theoretical part of this thesis is focused on the detailed explanation and the division of pain, treatment of pain and the function and the equipment of a PACU. The research part of this thesis was carried out in the form of quantitative research. A form with 22 questions, which was targeted on nurses working at the PACU, was used for the data acquisition. The questions were aimed at obtaining detailed data related to the evaluation of postoperative pain, but also at obtaining the information regarding staffing in particular hospitals. 183 nurses working in 79 hospitals filled out the form. There was also monitoring of pain carried out with 83 patients in the PACU in the Military University Hospital Prague. The patients experienced various types of surgeries. The results could help to find suitable strategies of evaluating and postoperative pain treatment in the PACU. During the research, it became obvious that patients who underwent neurosurgical operations of the spine experience the most intense pain. On the contrary, patients who underwent urological surgeries experience the least intense pain According to nurses'opinion the most important factors in evaluating patient's pain are the verbal expression of the patients and the change of physiological functions. Neither the lenght of practice nor the education has statistically a significant influence on the final evaluation of patient's pain. The experienced nurses with long-term practice predominate in the PACU. Based on the information given by nurses, it is safe to assume that the current treatment of postoperative pain is sufficient. It's rather rare for a patient to have strong pain after running out of options in analgetic treatment. It's worth noting that there are significant differences in the staffing of the PACU across hospitals.

Fertility preservation in cancer patients or oncofertility is a relatively new trend in modern medicine. In patients with unfulfilled reproductive plans, the possibility of starting a family is one of the key parameters of quality of life after overcoming a cancer. Guidelines have existed since 2013 and in 2020 the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology has also published a guideline, but the main problem of their application in clinical practice is the lack of information for both patients and, unfortunately, professionals, as well as the high cost of treatment. From 2022, health insurance companies in the Czech Republic partially cover the expenses for fertility preservation treatment for cancer patients. The possibilities of oncofertility are based, on the one hand, on improving the results of oncological treatment, on the other hand, on the development of reproductive technologies. Thanks to progress in treatment, up to 80% of pediatric oncology patients survive into adulthood, but chemotherapy, especially highly effective alkylating agents, is associated with a high risk of impaired fertility. This article overviewed9 modern global trends of fertility preservation in women undergoing cancer treatment based on an analysis of the English-language literature over the past 5 years.

Učebnica je určená študentom slovakistiky na štúdium v predmete didaktika slovenčiny ako cudzieho jazyka. Jej jadrom sú získané relevantné poznatky z didaktiky slovenčiny ako cudzieho jazyka, s odkazmi na inú odbornú literatúru. Súčasťou učebnice sú aj praktické návody na vyučovanie konkrétnych jazykových javov v podmienkach škôl s vyučovacím jazykom maďarským alebo v školách, v ktorých prevláda žiactvo s iným materinským jazykom ako slovenčina, napríklad rómskym. V podstate ide o transformáciu poznatkov získaných a overených pri vyučovaní dospelých cudzincov prevažne na pôde vysokých škôl do didaktického kontextu druhého stupňa základnej školy a strednej školy s adekvátnym poukázaním na vyučovanie slovenčiny ako cudzieho jazyka na prvom stupni ZŠ ako východisku vzdelávacieho procesu. Učebnica stavia na poznatkoch reálneho výskumu stavu vyučovania slovenčiny ako cudzieho jazyka na základných a stredných školách východného Slovenska realizovaného v projektoch (EXPERT a DiSaC) realizovaných na UPJŠ v Košiciach v rokoch 2012 – 2015. URL: https://unibook.upjs.sk/

The aim of this Bachelor's thesis is the analysis of communication between kindergartens and parents in the matter of speech therapy intervention and satisfaction of this communication for parents. The thesis itself is divided into two parts, the theoretical part, and the empiric part. The theoretical part focuses on speech therapy, speech development, speech therapy intervention, speech impairment, the role of a kindergarten in speech therapy intervention. The theoretical part also focuses on the communication between kindergarten and families and on communication platforms. The empiric part contains results of mixed research. It consists of the quantitative part of the research, which is realized by questionnaires, and of qualitative part of research realized by an interview with a speech therapy assistant.

Economic data pertaining to cystic fibrosis (CF), is limited in Europe generally, and completely lacking in Central and Eastern Europe. We performed an analysis of all direct costs associated with CF relative to key disease features and laboratory examinations. A retrospective prevalence-based cost-of-illness (COI) study was performed in a representative cohort of 242 CF patients in the Czech Republic, which represents about 65 % of all Czech CF patients. Medical records and invoices to health insurance companies for reference year 2010 were analyzed. The mean total health care costs were €14,486 per patient, with the majority of the costs going towards medicinal products and devices (€10,321). Medical procedures (€2676) and inpatient care (€1829) represented a much smaller percentage of costs. A generalized linear model showed that the strongest cost drivers, for all cost categories, were associated with patient age and lung disease severity (assessed using the FEV1 spirometric parameter), when compounded by chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa airway infections. Specifically, maximum total costs are around the age 16 years; a FEV1 increase of 1 % point represented a cost decrease of: 0.9 % (medicinal products), 1.7 % (total costs), 2.8 % (procedures) and 7.0 % (inpatient care). COI analysis and regression modeling using the most recent data available can provide a better understanding of the overall economic CF burden. A comparison of our results with other methodologically similar studies demonstrates that although overall costs may differ, FEV1 can nonetheless be utilized as a generally transferrable indicator of the relative economic impact of CF.

The concept of basal stimulation is currently one of the most popular concepts in nursing care. Basal stimulation is intended for people with changes in perception and communication. The aim of this thesis was to map the use of basal stimulation in the surgical department of the district hospital of South Bohemia. Furthermore, I investigated the possibilities of using this concept for restless patients hospitalized in a standard surgical ward. The last goal was to determine whether basal stimulation effects medical treatment. The topic of the thesis was researched using expert sources. The research part uses methods of qualitative research. The research was conducted in four phases. The research showed that respondents have little knowledge of the concept of basal stimulation, but showed interest in it during the implementation its elements. The surgical ward, where the research has been conducted, currently does not use any elements of basal stimulation, nor is it being used in the hospital itself. During the research in the surgical ward, only two elements of the basal stimulation were implemented, the application of which is summarized in the tables showing the results of stimulation in the individual case reports. Patients showed both verbally and nonverbally increased levels of well-being, peacefulness, relief and comfort during stimulation. Nurses who participated in the research and monitored the patients also held this view. The third focus of the research did not provide unambiguous data. I focused only on the treatment of pain, the area in which the data obtained proved to be insufficient. It would be appropriate to expand the scope of the study in this respect, using both qualitative and quantitative methods.

Analysis of one case of vulvar extramammary Paget´s disease (EMPD) and associated well differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma.Desing: A case report.On this case report we present current theoretical knowledge about EMPD, difficulty of diagnostics, treatment and dispensarization the patients with this rare intraepithelial non-squamous neoplasia. We report a rare case of a 62 years old female patient with extramammary Paget´s disease of vulva and associated well differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma.EMPD is a rare intraephitelial non-squamous neoplasia, which represents less then 1% vulvar tumors. Predominantly it affects white women between 60 and 80 years of age. EMPD occurs in cutaneous areas bearing apocrine glands - vulva, perineum, perianal area, axilla, penis, scrotum and rarely region of tights or buttocks. It is characterized microscopically by the presence of specific tumor cells called Paget´s cells - atypical large cells with pale clear cytoplasm and large round nuclei.extramammary Paget´s disease, EMPD, Paget´s cells, vulvectomy, imiquimod 5%, photodynamic therapy, imunotherapy, radiotherapy.

The thesis entitled "Social aspects of gaming on social networks" focuses on the currently much discussed topic of contemporary digital era. The introductory section presents definitions of related terms, explains the vagueness of the concept of the game on the social networks and presents several possible partitions of these games. Finally, it mentions the development of the phenomenon, whose existence is evident only in the 21st century. The middle part reflects the perception of games on social networks in the perspective of current research in the world and displays a range of gaming using the current statistics. The empirical part of the thesis includes the performance of methodology, which was laid down, by studying the available literature, to achieve the set objectives of this work. These goals are firstly, to establish player's features and find his gaming (on social network) style and, secondly, to investigate the influence of motivation on the player's gaming activity. Research is conducted on a sample of Czech population using questionnaires. The results are compared with the results of the international research for the greater complexity of the obtained image of the games on social networks. In the conclusion there are summary of the author's research and then the obvious...

Modern nursing care is characterized by seeking, planning and satisfying needs of a healthy or an ill person. All this is performed by means of the nursing care process. The nursing care process is considered the basic scientific method of advanced nursing care leading to solution of problems. It has already become an inherent form of individual care planning. Thanks to the nursing care process a nurse has a holistic view of a patient and is able to provide quality care. Nursing care is provided in compliance with the nursing care process principles with regard to the specifics of geriatric care in senior homes. A senior home nurse takes into consideration the specifics of the individual phases of nursing care process in seniors. Senior homes provide residential services to people with lower self-sufficiency particularly caused by higher age and to those who need regular care in the field of self-sufficiency and personal care. Unfavourable social situation does not allow these people to live in their domestic environment. Complex care provided in senior homes substitutes for domestic environment. Seniors are also given health care provided by general nurses. The aim of the thesis was to examine nursing care process application in a senior home and the importance of the nursing care process from the point of view of senior home nurses. The following research questions were set: Which nursing care process phases are applied by nurses taking care about seniors in the senior home? How do senior home nurses feel the importance of nursing care process? Qualitative research by means of in-depth interview and questioning of nurses in a selected senior home in South Bohemia was chosen for collection of necessary information. The interviews were recorded and subsequently literally transcribed. The transcribed interviews were deeply analyzed by means of paper and pencil method by open coding. Four categories were created from the data analysis: Nursing care process, Nursing care process in practice, Nursing care process phases and Compilation of nursing care diagnosis and maintenance of nursing care documentation. Subcategories, where the core data are coded, are assigned to the individual categories, everything is illustrated by clear diagrams of the individual categories. The research shows that nurses have general knowledge of nursing care process. They were able to define nursing care process, to name its phases and to express their attitude to this method. They actively apply the process, but they say it is demanding for them from time and administration point of view. The fact that the knowledge of nursing care diagnosis is very poor among nurses is surprising. With regard to the limited awareness of nursing care diagnoses I propose a seminar explaining this issue.

This work focuses on women characters in the poetry of czech poet Viktor Dyk, examines their basic features and symbolism and offers basic summary about their occurrences and relevance in author's poetry and in czech poetry at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. It's based chosen critical reactions on poetry of Viktor Dyk and particular examples from author's poems. It also offers basic material and ideologic starting point for further research of author's poetry and characters. Key words women characters, Viktor Dyk, poetry, decadence, atonement, loyality, Milá sedmi loupežníků

The final thesis deals with the evaluation of nursery schools. The goal of the thesis is the analysis of the current state of several small selected two-classed nursery schools in Prague and to find out what these schools are strong at and what could be improved. The starting point of theoretical part of the bacherol thesis is the available literature on the topic of evaluations as well as literature on nursery schools and their history, conditions of pre-school education, the school culture, the school climate and their effects on parents. The research part is based on the empirical survey carried on the basis of questionnaires for parents whose children attend two-classed nursery schools in Prague. It checks the assertions based on the author's experience. It brings some food for thought about the fact what nursery schools are good at and what can be improved in the future.

Authors in their a short report are presenting possibility of scaphoid reconstruction for nonunion with a modeled tricortical corticocancellous bone graft from the illiac crest after resection of pseudoarthrosis back to the healthy bone in their's own modification. This operation with the possibility of stable osteosyntesis with the use of Herbert screw gives ideal opportunity for restoration of full length and thus also function of navicular bone without use of any postoperative immobilization. Also detailed operation technique is described including a bone graft harvesting and its final modelation. Finally authors are presenting a case of 5 years old pseudoarthrosis of navicular bone in 20 years old women successfully treated by this technique. Key words: pseudoarthrosis of the navicular bone, Herbert screw, tricortical corticocancellous bone graft.

Existence of free radicals as participants in biological processes, scientists expected at the beginning of the 20th century . Given the characteristics of these substances, their instability and very short half-life , however, was their exploring challenging to impossible , and therefore a deeper learning to occur with the development of relevant research methods. Hand in hand with uncovering secrets and patterns of oxidative damage to biological macromolecules occurred to focus attention also to a system that is capable of this action prevent and maintain a balance in the cell , the antioxidant system . It is formed diverse group of substances of enzymes catalyzing redox reactions through plasma proteins to substances that the human body is not capable of self- produce and must be obtained from food . The subject of the research are now interaction of both systems and applications, primarily acquired knowledge into practice. What is the role of free radicals in the pathogenesis of disease states such as cardiovascular disease or malignancy ? How to participate in prenatal damage to the fetus ? They are involved in the aging process ? Together with obtaining answers to these and many other questions are logically appears another : we can use substances having antioxidant effects in preventing or treating...

An important municipality tool for performing the rescue actions and for removing the disas-ter consequences, as well as, performing the population protection tasks, is a local voluntary fire brigade established and operated by a municipality in accordance with the Fire Protection Act. Municipal expenses designed for operation of these units include the region{\crq}s subsidies, investment and non-investment subsidies of the state and regional budget and municipality funding. This dissertation is aimed to compare the costs incurred by South Bohemian Region municipalities within their own competence to ensure the readiness for action of fire brigades in order to cover the regional fire protection territory in accordance with applicable legisla-tion. The thesis describes legal aspects of establishing the voluntary fire brigades, character-izes individual unit categories, providing details of their principal tasks. It also briefly com-ments on the budget-related rules for territorial regional administrative units and their budget structure, deals with the internal unit organization and informs on how the readiness for action is ensured. It presents results of the questionnaire survey and makes an analysis of the fire protection costs in 2006 and 2007 and of budgeted costs for 2008. The comparison with re-sults of another author dissertation and statistical yearbooks is also provided. The results, re-commendations and legal deficiencies are included at the end of the thesis.

9,10-Dihydroergopeptines modified in position 6 (VII-XXIII) were prepared from 9,10-dihydroergotamine (I) and 9,10-dihydroergocristine (II) which were converted via corresponding 6-demethyl-6-cyano compounds III and IV to 6-demethyl-9,10-dihydroergotamine (V) or 6-demethyl-9,10-dihydroergocristine (VI), respectively, which were then alkylated or acylated in position 6. Methylation of 6-demethyl-6-propyl compounds VIII and IX on N1 gave 1-methyl-6-demethyl-6-propyl-9,10-dihydroergotamine (XXIV) and 1-methyl-6-demethyl-6-propyl-9,10-dihydroergocristine (XXV). In the majority of the compounds their antinidation properties, affinity to α1 adrenergic receptors and D2 receptors of dopamine were studied, and in some of them the protective effect against adrenaline and noradrenaline and dopaminergic activity in vivo were also tested.

The authors present in the submitted paper their initial experience as well as theoretical possibilities of using Herbert's screw. This is a relatively new type of implant developed originally for stable compressive osteosynthesis of small bones. This screw is made from a titanium alloy in sizes of 16-32 mm and is based on the principle of traction screws. It has, however, compared with the latter some advantages and thus makes a reduction of the period of postoperative fixation possible. It is supplied along with the insertion instruments which facilitate peroperative reposition and retention of fragments for easier insertion of the screw. In the authors' department this screw was used in 1988-1991 for osteosynthesis in 18 patients incl. 12 with fractures of the navicular bone, head of the radius, the patella, Bennett's fracture, osteochondral fractures of the femoral condyle and it was also used for osteosynthesis of scapholunatal desis and desis of the interphalangeal articulations of the hand. In the authors' so far not very numerous group Herbert's screw proved useful--only in one patient the X-ray and clinical finding was not satisfactory and called for further surgical operation. It is, of course, essential to respect the surgical principles for its application, in particular in fractures of the navicular bone. The implant is an advance in the treatment of selected recent injuries as well as their late sequelae.

Technological progress in the eighties achieved in the development and implementation of computer technology facilitates new approaches to information processing. Informatics becomes one of the key branches of economy of advanced countries. Under the conditions of the present growth of the volume of information also health care must change the classical form of information processing if it is to fulfil its function properly. The consideration is presented on the possibilities of the introduction of computer technology in our clinics and the problems resulting from it. The experience is described with developing a data base information system of the Orthopaedic clinic of the Institute for In-Service Training of Physicians and Pharmaceutists using ADT 4700 minicomputer.

The classical giant cell tumor represents a problem as the clinical, radiological and histological parameters not always exclude the tendency to local recurrences, rarely also to metastases. Surgical treatment of this tumor is characterized by a relatively high percentage of local recurrences. In the years 1965-1987 patients with 72 giant cell tumors were treated within the Prague Team for Bone Tumors. In 1980 the existing results were revised in 37 patients operated on to that time and the therapeutical scheme was changed by the introduction of new methods mainly the application of bone cement. While in 17 patients we have primarily operated on in the years 1965-1980 recurrence occurred in 36 per cent, in the period 1981-1987 in 32 patients primarily operated on the recurrence amounted to 9.4 per cent, i.e. it occurred in three patients. In these three patients it was the case of excochleation and primary filling by autografts. In 13 cases of the application of bone cement for the filling of the defect after the removal of the tumor there was no recurrence. In the average interval of 1 year since the operation bone cement was substituted by author allografts. In case of an extensive resection of greater part of the joint the application proved right of the massive allografts, fixed by stable osteosynthesis, exclusively in some cases also the application of a special tumorous endoprosthesis in the area of the hip, knee and shoulder.

6-Substituted 1-[(5R,8S,10R)-8-ergolinyl]-3,3-diethylureas II-VII were prepared from hydrazides of (5R,8S,10R)-6-alkyl-8-ergolinecarboxylic acids (VIIIa, VIIIb) via the corresponding azides IXa and IXb and isocyanates Xa and Xb, and/or from 1-[(5R,8S,10R)-6-methyl-8-ergolinyl]-3,3-diethylurea (I) via XI and XII. Two of the by-products arising in the latter route have been identified (XIII, XIV). Some of the ureas prepared, especially II and III, had strong inhibitory effects in vivo on the secretion of prolactin in rats.

Esters of N-[(5R,8S,10R)-6-propyl-8-ergolinyl]carbamic acid I-VI were prepared from (5R,8S,10R)-6-propyl-8-ergolinecarboxylic acid hydrazide (VIII) via the azide IX and isocyanate X or via (5R,8S,10R)-6-propyl-8-aminoergoline (XI). Some of the prepared esters exhibited strong dopaminergic activity in the neuro-endocrine region; some tests indicate possible cancerogenicity and mutagenicity of the ethyl ester II.

The pharmacokinetics of intramuscular terguride (transdihydrolisuride) was evaluated in a single-dose study in cows (doses 100, 62 and 31 micrograms/kg b.w.) and goats (dose 100 micrograms/kg b.w.). A radioreceptor assay was used to quantitative plasma terguride concentrations. The peak plasma concentrations of terguride were attained within 0.6 h of the drug administration and then decreased monoexponentially with half-life of 1.3 h (cows) and 2 h (goats). The pharmacokinetics of terguride in cows is nearly linear. Pharmacodynamics of terguride was expressed as reduction in plasma prolactin levels. Maximal decline in prolactin was observed 3-4 h following terguride administration and the effect lasted for about 24 h.

3H-benfluorone administered orally to rats, persists for a long time in the stomach; it is absorbed only partly and eliminated mostly through the feces (about 80% within 7 days). The maximum levels in the blood and the organs were determined in the 1st and 9th hour after application. Benflurone penetrates through the placentary barrier. Within one week 13% of the administered radioactivity was eliminated through the urine and 8% through the bile within 12 h. It has been demonstrated that benflurone was excreted through the milk, as well. After being administered intravenously, benflurone moves quickly from the blood into the tissues. The high levels were recorded in the heart, the lungs, the kidneys, the brain and the liver. After intravenous application about 70% of the administered radioactivity was eliminated within one week through the feces and about 24% through the urine, almost 54% through the bile within 12 h.