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1. Plankton biogeography in the 21st century and impacts of climate change: advances through genomics

Author

Frémont, Paul, Gehlen, Marion, and Jaillon, Olivier

Subjects
Plankton biogeography, Genomics, Climate change, Ocean, 21st century, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

This article summarizes recent advances in our knowledge of plankton biogeography obtained by genomic approaches and the impacts of global warming on it. Large-scale comparison of the genomic content of samples of different plankton size fractions revealed a partitioning of the oceans into genomic provinces and the impact of major oceanic currents on them. By defining ecological niches, these provinces are extrapolated to all oceans, with the exception of the Arctic Ocean. By the end of the 21st century, a major restructuring of these provinces is projected in response to a high emission greenhouse gas scenario over 50% of the surface of the studied oceans. Such a restructuring could lead to a decrease in export production by 4%. Finally, obtaining assembled sequences of a large number of plankton genomes defining this biogeography has allowed to better characterize the genomic content of the provinces and to identify the species structuring them. These genomes similarly enabled a better description of potential future changes of plankton communities under climate change.

Published
2023
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2. Ocean-wide comparisons of mesopelagic planktonic community structures

Author

Rigonato, Janaina, Budinich, Marko, Murillo, Alejandro A., Brandão, Manoela C., Pierella Karlusich, Juan J., Soviadan, Yawouvi Dodji, Gregory, Ann C., Endo, Hisashi, Kokoszka, Florian, Vik, Dean, Henry, Nicolas, Frémont, Paul, Labadie, Karine, Zayed, Ahmed A., Dimier, Céline, Picheral, Marc, Searson, Sarah, Poulain, Julie, Kandels, Stefanie, Pesant, Stéphane, Karsenti, Eric, Bork, Peer, Bowler, Chris, de Vargas, Colomban, Eveillard, Damien, Gehlen, Marion, Iudicone, Daniele, Lombard, Fabien, Ogata, Hiroyuki, Stemmann, Lars, Sullivan, Matthew B., Sunagawa, Shinichi, Wincker, Patrick, Chaffron, Samuel, and Jaillon, Olivier

Published
2023
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3. Universal and idiosyncratic characteristic lengths in bacterial genomes

Author

Junier, Ivan, Frémont, Paul, and Rivoire, Olivier

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Genomics
Abstract

In condensed matter physics, simplified descriptions are obtained by coarse-graining the features of a system at a certain characteristic length, defined as the typical length beyond which some properties are no longer correlated. From a physics standpoint, in vitro DNA has thus a characteristic length of 300 base pairs (bp), the Kuhn length of the molecule beyond which correlations in its orientations are typically lost. From a biology standpoint, in vivo DNA has a characteristic length of 1000 bp, the typical length of genes. Since bacteria live in very different physico-chemical conditions and since their genomes lack translational invariance, whether larger, universal characteristic lengths exist is a non-trivial question. Here, we examine this problem by leveraging the large number of fully sequenced genomes available in public databases. By analyzing GC content correlations and the evolutionary conservation of gene contexts (synteny) in hundreds of bacterial chromosomes, we conclude that a fundamental characteristic length around 10-20 kb can be defined. This characteristic length reflects elementary structures involved in the coordination of gene expression, which are present all along the genome of nearly all bacteria. Technically, reaching this conclusion required us to implement methods that are insensitive to the presence of large idiosyncratic genomic features, which may co-exist along these fundamental universal structures.

Published
2018
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5. Genomic adaptation of the picoeukaryote Pelagomonas calceolata to iron-poor oceans revealed by a chromosome-scale genome sequence

Author

Guérin, Nina, Ciccarella, Marta, Flamant, Elisa, Frémont, Paul, Mangenot, Sophie, Istace, Benjamin, Noel, Benjamin, Belser, Caroline, Bertrand, Laurie, Labadie, Karine, Cruaud, Corinne, Romac, Sarah, Bachy, Charles, Gachenot, Martin, Pelletier, Eric, Alberti, Adriana, Jaillon, Olivier, Wincker, Patrick, Aury, Jean-Marc, and Carradec, Quentin

Published
2022
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6. Functional repertoire convergence of distantly related eukaryotic plankton lineages abundant in the sunlit ocean

Author

Sunagawa, Shinichi, Acinas, Silvia G., Bork, Peer, Karsenti, Eric, Bowler, Chris, Sardet, Christian, Stemmann, Lars, de Vargas, Colomban, Wincker, Patrick, Lescot, Magali, Babin, Marcel, Gorsky, Gabriel, Grimsley, Nigel, Guidi, Lionel, Hingamp, Pascal, Jaillon, Olivier, Kandels, Stefanie, Iudicone, Daniele, Ogata, Hiroyuki, Pesant, Stéphane, Sullivan, Matthew B., Not, Fabrice, Lee, Karp-Boss, Boss, Emmanuel, Cochrane, Guy, Follows, Michael, Poulton, Nicole, Raes, Jeroen, Sieracki, Mike, Speich, Sabrina, Delmont, Tom O., Gaia, Morgan, Hinsinger, Damien D., Frémont, Paul, Vanni, Chiara, Fernandez-Guerra, Antonio, Eren, A. Murat, Kourlaiev, Artem, d'Agata, Leo, Clayssen, Quentin, Villar, Emilie, Labadie, Karine, Cruaud, Corinne, Poulain, Julie, Da Silva, Corinne, Wessner, Marc, Noel, Benjamin, Aury, Jean-Marc, and Pelletier, Eric

Published
2022
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8. Ocean-wide comparisons of mesopelagic planktonic community structures

Author

Fonds Français pour l'Environnement Mondial, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), European Commission, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Ministère de la Recherche et des Technologies (France), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Rigonato, Janaina, Budinich, Marko, Murillo, Alejandro A., Brandão, Manoela C., Pierella Karlusich, Juan J., Soviadan, Yawouvi Dodji, Gregory, Ann C., Endo, Hisashi, Kokoszka, Florian, Vik, Dean, Henry, Nicolas, Frémont, Paul, Labadie, Karine, Zayed, Ahmed A., Dimier, Céline, Picheral, Marc, Searson, Sarah, Poulain, Julie, Kandels‐Lewis, Stefanie, Pesant, Stéphane, Karsenti, Eric, Tara Oceans Coordinators, Acinas, Silvia G., Bork, Peer, Bowler, Chris, Vargas, Colomban de, Eveillard, Damien, Gehlen, Marion, Iudicone, Daniele, Lombard, Fabien, Ogata, Hiroyuki, Stemmann, Lars, Sullivan, Matthew B., Sunagawa, Shinichi, Wincker, Patrick, Chaffron, Samuel, Jaillon, Olivier, Fonds Français pour l'Environnement Mondial, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), European Commission, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Ministère de la Recherche et des Technologies (France), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Rigonato, Janaina, Budinich, Marko, Murillo, Alejandro A., Brandão, Manoela C., Pierella Karlusich, Juan J., Soviadan, Yawouvi Dodji, Gregory, Ann C., Endo, Hisashi, Kokoszka, Florian, Vik, Dean, Henry, Nicolas, Frémont, Paul, Labadie, Karine, Zayed, Ahmed A., Dimier, Céline, Picheral, Marc, Searson, Sarah, Poulain, Julie, Kandels‐Lewis, Stefanie, Pesant, Stéphane, Karsenti, Eric, Tara Oceans Coordinators, Acinas, Silvia G., Bork, Peer, Bowler, Chris, Vargas, Colomban de, Eveillard, Damien, Gehlen, Marion, Iudicone, Daniele, Lombard, Fabien, Ogata, Hiroyuki, Stemmann, Lars, Sullivan, Matthew B., Sunagawa, Shinichi, Wincker, Patrick, Chaffron, Samuel, and Jaillon, Olivier

Abstract

For decades, marine plankton have been investigated for their capacity to modulate biogeochemical cycles and provide fishery resources. Between the sunlit (epipelagic) layer and the deep dark waters, lies a vast and heterogeneous part of the ocean: the mesopelagic zone. How plankton composition is shaped by environment has been well-explored in the epipelagic but much less in the mesopelagic ocean. Here, we conducted comparative analyses of trans-kingdom community assemblages thriving in the mesopelagic oxygen minimum zone (OMZ), mesopelagic oxic, and their epipelagic counterparts. We identified nine distinct types of intermediate water masses that correlate with variation in mesopelagic community composition. Furthermore, oxygen, NO3− and particle flux together appeared as the main drivers governing these communities. Novel taxonomic signatures emerged from OMZ while a global co-occurrence network analysis showed that about 70% of the abundance of mesopelagic plankton groups is organized into three community modules. One module gathers prokaryotes, pico-eukaryotes and Nucleo-Cytoplasmic Large DNA Viruses (NCLDV) from oxic regions, and the two other modules are enriched in OMZ prokaryotes and OMZ pico-eukaryotes, respectively. We hypothesize that OMZ conditions led to a diversification of ecological niches, and thus communities, due to selective pressure from limited resources. Our study further clarifies the interplay between environmental factors in the mesopelagic oxic and OMZ, and the compositional features of communities

Published
2023

9. AtlantECO Deliverable 2.1: AtlantECO-BASE1

Author

Vogt, Meike, Sarmento, Hugo, Benedetti, Fabio, Huber, Paula, Arboleda-Baena, Clara, Bader, Ruby Rose, Eriksson, Dominic, Knecht, Nielja, Chénier, Noémy, Jaillon, Olivier, Frémont, Paul, Lombard, Fabien, Guidi, Lionel, Ricour, Florian, Van Sebille, Erik, Schmiz, Sophie, Manral, Darshika, Clerc, Corentin, Santos, Gleice, Maiorano, Luigi, De Angelis, Daniele, Chaffron, Samuel, Eveillard, Damien, Amaral-Zettler, Linda, Gehlen, Marion, Benard, Germain, and Frölicher, Thomas

Subjects
marine plankton data, plastisphere observations, microplastics observations, optical imaging observations, omics observations, traditional microscopy observations, carbon flux data observations
Abstract

This deliverable reports on Task 2.2 ‘Assembly of observations about microbiomes, plastics, the plastisphere and carbon fluxes’. It used protocols established in task 2.1 ‘Definition of common standards for the assembly of spatially explicit data’ to compile, quality-control and grid existing high-quality observations into a knowledge base of observations (D2.1). Data included into AtlantECO-BASE1 consisted of contributions from the five following data sources and tasks: Task 2.2.1 ‘Microbiome data from traditional microscopy (presence-absence, abundance and biomass)’, Task 2.2.2 ‘Microbiome data from state-of-the-art optical/imaging analysis’, Task 2.2.3 ‘Microbiome and plastisphere data from state-of-the-art genetic analyses’, Task 2.2.4 ‘Nano-, micro and macroplastics data from state-of-the-art sampling methods’, and Task 2.2.5 ‘Carbon flux data from estimated from high resolution bio-optical sensors’. Additional data contributions and mapping efforts from other partners and work packages (Task 2.3) are also included. A comprehensive list and description of all data sets collected can be found in the Appendix Tables to this document.

Published
2023
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10. Réponse à l'échelle génomique des communautés planctoniques au réchauffement climatique et conséquences sur leur biogéographie

Author

Frémont, Paul, Génomique métabolique (UMR 8030), Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay, Olivier Jaillon, and Marion Gehlen

Subjects
Changement climatique, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Plancton, Omiques environnementales, Environmental omics, Modélisation, Modeling, Climate change, Tara Oceans, Tara Océans, Plankton
Abstract

Microscopic marine plankton are organisms ranging from viruses to small metazoans, bacteria and protists. Plankton is transported passively by the currents, thrives in every oceans and plays a crucial role in the Earth system. Through photosynthesis, phytoplankton drives primary production and the resulting flux of organic matter supports the entire oceanic food web. Plankton also participates in the biological carbon pump, a mechanism by which organic matter sediments to the seabed and is stored there. Today it is essential to assess and project the response of plankton to climate change caused by the burning of fossil fuels. In this thesis, I study this issue through the lens of biogeography, a discipline that focuses on the distribution of organisms in and interacting with their environment through time and space. In a first part, I study the distribution of plankton in the global oceans and its response to climate change using omics data from the Tara Oceans expeditions and climate models. A partitioning of the oceans into genomic provinces depending on the size of the organisms is described. These provinces are related to physico-chemical parameters using machine learning techniques and extrapolated to the whole ocean. A set of "signature genomes" for each province is also highlighted. A major reorganization of the provinces in response to climate change is projected over approximately 50% of the oceans by the end of the century. Important changes in plankton composition would result in a decrease by 4% of the global carbon export flux, which would have an aggravating effect on climate change. In a second part, I study the changes in gene expression of eukaryotic plankton along the transition between the North Atlantic Ocean and the Arctic basin. Among the physical variables, temperature is the variable that best explains transcriptional changes. Functional analysis of genes correlating with the strong temperature gradient reveals a common acclimation strategy of eukaryotic algae. This strategy includes important changes in the gene expression machinery but also overexpression of a set of functions related to cold acclimation. At the community level, processes related to the maintenance of the protein pool and the transcriptional machinery seem to be more active in the Arctic. In a third part, I develop a mechanistic individual based model of a size-structured phytoplankton community advected in a velocity field mimicking the North Atlantic Ocean circulation. The model represents the main phytoplankton groups: cyanobacteria, eukaryotic algae and diatoms. Basic ecological characteristics resulting from simulations are presented: α-diversity, biogeography and biomass. Attention is given to the importance of the number of particles modeled and its impact on the maximum diversity represented as well as the influence of currents on the ecological niches of the modeled organisms. This thesis addresses fundamental topics and challenges in contemporary ecology and it contributes to the ongoing omic revolution of the early 21st century. A genomic biogeography of plankton is proposed and its response to global warming is explored. The in situ omics analysis of the physiology of unicellular planktonic algae at the community scale highlights their acclimatization capacities directly in their living environment. Finally, the individual based model of phytoplankton allows to explore theoretically many ecological questions to be linked in the future with the analysis of omic data.; Le plancton marin est constitué d'organismes microscopiques allant des virus jusqu'aux petit métazoaires en passant par les bactéries et les protistes. Il est transporté passivement par les courants, prospère sur l'ensemble des océans et a plusieurs rôles cruciaux au sein du système Terre. Le phytoplancton permet par la photosynthèse la production primaire de matière organique dans les océans soutenant l'ensemble des réseaux trophiques océaniques. Le plancton participe aussi à la pompe à carbone biologique, mécanisme par lequel la matière organique sédimente vers les fonds marins et y est stockée. Il est aujourd'hui primordial d'évaluer et projeter la réponse du plancton au changement climatique provoqué par la combustion des énergies fossiles. Dans cette thèse, j'étudie cette question sous le prisme de la biogéographie, discipline s'intéressant à la distribution des organismes dans et en interaction avec leur milieu à travers le temps et l'espace. Dans une première partie, j'étudie à l'aide des données omiques des expéditions Tara Océans et des modèles climatiques la distribution du plancton dans les océans et sa réponse au changement climatique. Il est mis en évidence un partitionnement des océans en provinces génomiques dépendant de la taille des organismes. Ces provinces sont mises en relation avec les paramètres physico-chimiques à l'aide de techniques de machine learning et extrapolées à l'ensemble des océans. Un ensemble de « génomes signatures » pour chaque province est aussi mis en évidence. Une importante réorganisation des provinces en réponses au changement climatique est projetée sur environ 50% des océans d'ici la fin du siècle. D'importants changements en composition du plancton sont projetés et mis en lien avec une diminution de 4% de la pompe à carbone biologique ce qui aurait un effet aggravant sur le changement climatique. Dans une seconde partie, j'étudie les changements de l'expression des gènes du plancton eucaryote le long de la transition entre l'océan Atlantique Nord et le bassin Arctique. Parmi les variables physiques, la température est la variable expliquant le mieux les changements transcriptionnels. L'analyse fonctionnelle des gènes corrélant avec le gradient fort de température révèle une stratégie commune d'acclimatation des algues eucaryotes. Cette stratégie inclut d'importants changements dans la machinerie d'expression génétique mais aussi la surexpression d'un ensemble de fonctions liées à l'acclimatation au froid. A l'échelle des communautés, des processus liés à la maintenance du pool protéique et de la machinerie transcriptionnelle semblent plus actifs dans l'arctique. Dans une troisième partie, je développe un modèle mécanistique basé individu de communauté de phytoplancton structurée par la taille et advectée dans un champ de vitesse imitant la circulation océanique Nord Atlantique. Le modèle représente les principaux groupes de phytoplancton: les cyanobactéries, les algues eucaryotes et les diatomées. Les caractéristiques écologiques de bases résultant de simulations sont présentées : α-diversité, biogéographie et biomasse. Une attention est apportée à l'importance du nombre de particules modélisées et son impact sur la diversité maximale représentée ainsi que l'influence des courants sur les niches écologiques des organismes modélisés. Cette thèse aborde des sujets et enjeux fondamentaux de l'écologie contemporaine et son apport s'inscrit dans la révolution omique du début du XXIème siècle. Une biogéographie génomique du plancton est proposée et sa réponse au réchauffement climatique est explorée. L'analyse omique in situ de la physiologie des algues unicellulaires du plancton à l'échelle de la communauté permet de mettre en évidence leurs capacités d'acclimatation directement dans leur milieu de vie. Enfin, le modèle basé individu du phytoplancton permet d'explorer théoriquement de nombreuses questions écologiques à mettre en lien dans le futur avec l'analyse des données omiques.

Published
2022

11. Changes in functional composition and gene expression in eukaryotic plankton at the Atlantic-Arctic Polar front

Author

Frémont, Paul, primary, Da Silva, Corinne, additional, Campese, Lucia, additional, Villar, Émilie, additional, Rastogi, Achal, additional, Aury, Jean-Marc, additional, Bowler, Chris, additional, Boss, Lee Karp, additional, Wincker, Patrick, additional, Pelletier, Eric, additional, Gehlen, Marion, additional, Iudicone, Daniele, additional, and Jaillon, Olivier, additional

Published
2022
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12. Genomic evidence for global ocean plankton biogeography shaped by large-scale current systems

Author

Richter, Daniel J., Watteaux, Romain, Vannier, Thomas, Leconte, Jade, Frémont, Paul, Reygondeau, Gabriel, Maillet, Nicolas, Henry, Nicolas, Benoit, Gaëtan, da Silva, Ophélie, Delmont, Tom O., Fernández-Guerra, Antonio, Suweis, Samir, Narci, Romain, Berney, Cedric, Eveillard, Damien, Gavory, Frederick, Guidi, Lionel, Labadie, Karine, Mahieu, Eric, Poulain, Julie, Romac, Sarah, Roux, Simon, Dimier, Céline, Kandels‐Lewis, Stefanie, Picheral, Marc, Searson, Sarah, Oceans, Tara, Pesant, Stéphane, Aury, Jean-Marc, Brum, Jennifer R., Lemaitre, Claire, Pelletier, Eric, Bork, Peer, Sunagawa, Shinichi, Lombard, Fabien, Karp-Boss, Lee, Bowler, Chris, Sullivan, Matthew B., Karsenti, Eric, Mariadassou, Mahendra, Probert, Ian, Peterlongo, Pierre, Wincker, Patrick, Vargas, Colomban de, Ribera d’Alcalà, Maurizio, Iudicone, Daniele, Jaillon, Olivier, Tara Oceans Coordinators, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre National de Séquençage (France), National Fund for Scientific Research (Belgium), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Università degli Studi di Milano, Université Paris Sciences & Lettres, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), National Science Foundation (US), Veolia Foundation, Région Bretagne, World Courier, Illumina, Cap L’Orient, Fondation EDF, Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversité, Fondation Prince Albert II de Monaco, Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (France), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (ADMM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Génomique d'Evry (IG), Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), University of British Columbia (UBC), Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HUB, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia 'Galileo Galilei', Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze FIsiche della Materia (CNISM), Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées du Génome à l'Environnement [Jouy-En-Josas] (MaIAGE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Numérique de Nantes (LS2N), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Combinatoire et Bioinformatique (LS2N - équipe COMBI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (IBENS), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Marine Environmental Sciences [Bremen] (MARUM), Universität Bremen, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [Tucson] (EEB), University of Arizona, Scalable, Optimized and Parallel Algorithms for Genomics (GenScale), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-GESTION DES DONNÉES ET DE LA CONNAISSANCE (IRISA-D7), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), European Molecular Biology Laboratory [Heidelberg] (EMBL), University of Maine, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fédération de recherche de Roscoff (FR2424), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), French National Research Agency (ANR)HYDROGEN/ANR-14CE23-0001, National Science Foundation (NSF)OCE-1536989, OCE-1829831, Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Graphene Flagship, European Project: 634486,H2020,H2020-BG-2014-2,INMARE(2015), European Project: 287589,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-OCEAN-2011,MICRO B3(2012), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Combinatoire et Bioinformatique (COMBI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Centre de Mathématiques et de Leurs Applications (CMLA), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Infectiologie Santé Publique (ISP-311), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours, Institut Pprime (PPRIME), Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Nantes Atlantique (LINA), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (UMR 8197/1024) (IBENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CentraleSupélec-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Biogeography, Oceans and Seas, Context (language use), 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, plankton biogeography, genomics, Ecosystem, genetics, 14. Life underwater, microbial oceanography, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Seascape, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 0303 health sciences, metagenomics, General Immunology and Microbiology, Geography, General Neuroscience, Ocean current, fungi, Community structure, General Medicine, 15. Life on land, Plankton, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, Metagenomics, metabarcoding, ecology, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM]
Abstract

Biogeographical studies have traditionally focused on readily visible organisms, but recent technological advances are enabling analyses of the large-scale distribution of microscopic organisms, whose biogeographical patterns have long been debated. Here we assessed the global structure of plankton geography and its relation to the biological, chemical, and physical context of the ocean (the ‘seascape’) by analyzing metagenomes of plankton communities sampled across oceans during the Tara Oceans expedition, in light of environmental data and ocean current transport. Using a consistent approach across organismal sizes that provides unprecedented resolution to measure changes in genomic composition between communities, we report a pan-ocean, size-dependent plankton biogeography overlying regional heterogeneity. We found robust evidence for a basin-scale impact of transport by ocean currents on plankton biogeography, and on a characteristic timescale of community dynamics going beyond simple seasonality or life history transitions of plankton., We thank the commitment of the following people and sponsors who made this expedition possible: CNRS (in particular Groupement de Recherche GDR3280), European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genoscope/CEA, Fund for Scientific Research – Flanders, VIB, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, UNIMIB, Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University (ANR-11-IDEX-0001–02), the French Government ANR (projects FRANCE GENOMIQUE/ANR-10-INBS-09, MEMO LIFE/ANR-10-LABX-54, POSEIDON/ANR-09-BLAN-0348, PROMETHEUS/ANR-09-PCS-GENM-217, MAPPI/ANR-2010-COSI-004, TARA-GIRUS/ANR-09-PCS-GENM-218), US NSF grant DEB-1031049, FWO, BIO5, Biosphere 2, Agnès b., the Veolia Environment Foundation, Région Bretagne, World Courier, Illumina, Cap L’Orient, the EDF Foundation EDF Diversiterre, FRB, the Prince Albert II de Monaco Foundation, Etienne Bourgois, the Tara schooner and its captain and crew. We thank MERCATOR-CORIOLIS and ACRI-ST for providing daily satellite data during the expedition. The bulk of genomic computations were performed using the Airain HPC machine provided through GENCI- [TGCC/CINES/IDRIS] (grants t2011076389, t2012076389, t2013036389, t2014036389, t2015036389 and t2016036389). We are also grateful to the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs for supporting the expedition and to the countries who granted us sampling permissions.

Published
2022

13. Functional repertoire convergence of distantly related eukaryotic plankton lineages abundant in the sunlit ocean

Author

Delmont, Tom O, Gaia, Morgan, Hinsinger, Damien D, Frémont, Paul, Vanni, Chiara, Fernandez-Guerra, Antonio, Eren, A Murat, Kourlaiev, Artem, d'Agata, Leo, Clayssen, Quentin, Villar, Emilie, Labadie, Karine, Cruaud, Corinne, Poulain, Julie, Da Silva, Corinne, Wessner, Marc, Noel, Benjamin, Aury, Jean-Marc, Coordinators, Tara Oceans, Sunagawa, Shinichi, Acinas, Silvia G, Bork, Peer, Karsenti, Eric, Bowler, Chris, Sardet, Christian, Stemmann, Lars, de Vargas, Colomban, Wincker, Patrick, Lescot, Magali, Babin, Marcel, Gorsky, Gabriel, Grimsley, Nigel, Guidi, Lionel, Hingamp, Pascal, Jaillon, Olivier, Kandels, Stefanie, Iudicone, Daniele, Ogata, Hiroyuki, Pesant, Stéphane, Sullivan, Matthew B, Not, Fabrice, Lee, Karp-Boss, Boss, Emmanuel, Cochrane, Guy, Follows, Michael, Poulton, Nicole, Raes, Jeroen, Sieracki, Mike, Speich, Sabrina, Pelletier, Eric, Delmont, Tom O, Gaia, Morgan, Hinsinger, Damien D, Frémont, Paul, Vanni, Chiara, Fernandez-Guerra, Antonio, Eren, A Murat, Kourlaiev, Artem, d'Agata, Leo, Clayssen, Quentin, Villar, Emilie, Labadie, Karine, Cruaud, Corinne, Poulain, Julie, Da Silva, Corinne, Wessner, Marc, Noel, Benjamin, Aury, Jean-Marc, Coordinators, Tara Oceans, Sunagawa, Shinichi, Acinas, Silvia G, Bork, Peer, Karsenti, Eric, Bowler, Chris, Sardet, Christian, Stemmann, Lars, de Vargas, Colomban, Wincker, Patrick, Lescot, Magali, Babin, Marcel, Gorsky, Gabriel, Grimsley, Nigel, Guidi, Lionel, Hingamp, Pascal, Jaillon, Olivier, Kandels, Stefanie, Iudicone, Daniele, Ogata, Hiroyuki, Pesant, Stéphane, Sullivan, Matthew B, Not, Fabrice, Lee, Karp-Boss, Boss, Emmanuel, Cochrane, Guy, Follows, Michael, Poulton, Nicole, Raes, Jeroen, Sieracki, Mike, Speich, Sabrina, and Pelletier, Eric

Abstract

Marine planktonic eukaryotes play critical roles in global biogeochemical cycles and climate. However, their poor representation in culture collections limits our understanding of the evolutionary history and genomic underpinnings of planktonic ecosystems. Here, we used 280 billion Tara Oceans metagenomic reads from polar, temperate, and tropical sunlit oceans to reconstruct and manually curate more than 700 abundant and widespread eukaryotic environmental genomes ranging from 10 Mbp to 1.3 Gbp. This genomic resource covers a wide range of poorly characterized eukaryotic lineages that complement long-standing contributions from culture collections while better representing plankton in the upper layer of the oceans. We performed the first, to our knowledge, comprehensive genome-wide functional classification of abundant unicellular eukaryotic plankton, revealing four major groups connecting distantly related lineages. Neither trophic modes of plankton nor its vertical evolutionary history could completely explain the functional repertoire convergence of major eukaryotic lineages that coexisted within oceanic currents for millions of years.

Published
2022

14. Functional repertoire convergence of distantly related eukaryotic plankton lineages abundant in the sunlit ocean

Author

Delmont, Tom O., Gaia, Morgan, Hinsinger, Damien D., Frémont, Paul, Vanni, Chiara, Fernandez-Guerra, Antonio, Eren, A. Murat, Kourlaiev, Artem, d'Agata, Leo, Clayssen, Quentin, Villar, Emilie, Labadie, Karine, Cruaud, Corinne, Poulain, Julie, Da Silva, Corinne, Wessner, Marc, Noel, Benjamin, Aury, Jean-Marc, Sunagawa, Shinichi, Acinas, Silvia G., Bork, Peer, Karsenti, Eric, Bowler, Chris, Sardet, Christian, Stemmann, Lars, de Vargas, Colomban, Wincker, Patrick, Lescot, Magali, Babin, Marcel, Gorsky, Gabriel, Grimsley, Nigel, Guidi, Lionel, Hingamp, Pascal, Jaillon, Olivier, Kandels, Stefanie, Iudicone, Daniele, Ogata, Hiroyuki, Pesant, Stéphane, Sullivan, Matthew B., Not, Fabrice, Lee, Karp Boss, Boss, Emmanuel, Cochrane, Guy, Follows, Michael, Poulton, Nicole, Raes, Jeroen, Sieracki, Mike, Speich, Sabrina, Pelletier, Eric, Delmont, Tom O., Gaia, Morgan, Hinsinger, Damien D., Frémont, Paul, Vanni, Chiara, Fernandez-Guerra, Antonio, Eren, A. Murat, Kourlaiev, Artem, d'Agata, Leo, Clayssen, Quentin, Villar, Emilie, Labadie, Karine, Cruaud, Corinne, Poulain, Julie, Da Silva, Corinne, Wessner, Marc, Noel, Benjamin, Aury, Jean-Marc, Sunagawa, Shinichi, Acinas, Silvia G., Bork, Peer, Karsenti, Eric, Bowler, Chris, Sardet, Christian, Stemmann, Lars, de Vargas, Colomban, Wincker, Patrick, Lescot, Magali, Babin, Marcel, Gorsky, Gabriel, Grimsley, Nigel, Guidi, Lionel, Hingamp, Pascal, Jaillon, Olivier, Kandels, Stefanie, Iudicone, Daniele, Ogata, Hiroyuki, Pesant, Stéphane, Sullivan, Matthew B., Not, Fabrice, Lee, Karp Boss, Boss, Emmanuel, Cochrane, Guy, Follows, Michael, Poulton, Nicole, Raes, Jeroen, Sieracki, Mike, Speich, Sabrina, and Pelletier, Eric

Abstract

Marine planktonic eukaryotes play critical roles in global biogeochemical cycles and climate. However, their poor representation in culture collections limits our understanding of the evolutionary history and genomic underpinnings of planktonic ecosystems. Here, we used 280 billion Tara Oceans metagenomic reads from polar, temperate, and tropical sunlit oceans to reconstruct and manually curate more than 700 abundant and widespread eukaryotic environmental genomes ranging from 10 Mbp to 1.3 Gbp. This genomic resource covers a wide range of poorly characterized eukaryotic lineages that complement long-standing contributions from culture collections while better representing plankton in the upper layer of the oceans. We performed the first, to our knowledge, comprehensive genome-wide functional classification of abundant unicellular eukaryotic plankton, revealing four major groups connecting distantly related lineages. Neither trophic modes of plankton nor its vertical evolutionary history could completely explain the functional repertoire convergence of major eukaryotic lineages that coexisted within oceanic currents for millions of years.

Published
2022

15. Genomic evidence for global ocean plankton biogeography shaped by large-scale current systems

Author

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre National de Séquençage (France), National Fund for Scientific Research (Belgium), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Università degli Studi di Milano, Université Paris Sciences & Lettres, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), National Science Foundation (US), Veolia Foundation, Région Bretagne, World Courier, Illumina, Cap L’Orient, Fondation EDF, Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversité, Fondation Prince Albert II de Monaco, Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (France), Richter, Daniel J., Watteaux, Romain, Vannier, Thomas, Leconte, Jade, Frémont, Paul, Reygondeau, Gabriel, Maillet, Nicolas, Henry, Nicolas, Benoit, Gaëtan, da Silva, Ophélie, Delmont, Tom O., Fernández-Guerra, Antonio, Suweis, Samir, Narci, Romain, Berney, Cedric, Eveillard, Damien, Gavory, Frederick, Guidi, Lionel, Labadie, Karine, Mahieu, Eric, Poulain, Julie, Romac, Sarah, Roux, Simon, Dimier, Céline, Kandels‐Lewis, Stefanie, Picheral, Marc, Searson, Sarah, Oceans, Tara, Pesant, Stéphane, Aury, Jean‐Marc, Brum, Jennifer R., Lemaitre, Claire, Pelletier, Eric, Bork, Peer, Sunagawa, Shinichi, Lombard, Fabien, Karp-Boss, Lee, Bowler, Chris, Sullivan, Matthew B., Karsenti, Eric, Mariadassou, Mahendra, Probert, Ian, Peterlongo, Pierre, Wincker, Patrick, Vargas, Colomban de, Ribera d’Alcalà, Maurizio, Iudicone, Daniele, Jaillon, Olivier, Tara Oceans Coordinators, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre National de Séquençage (France), National Fund for Scientific Research (Belgium), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Università degli Studi di Milano, Université Paris Sciences & Lettres, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), National Science Foundation (US), Veolia Foundation, Région Bretagne, World Courier, Illumina, Cap L’Orient, Fondation EDF, Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversité, Fondation Prince Albert II de Monaco, Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (France), Richter, Daniel J., Watteaux, Romain, Vannier, Thomas, Leconte, Jade, Frémont, Paul, Reygondeau, Gabriel, Maillet, Nicolas, Henry, Nicolas, Benoit, Gaëtan, da Silva, Ophélie, Delmont, Tom O., Fernández-Guerra, Antonio, Suweis, Samir, Narci, Romain, Berney, Cedric, Eveillard, Damien, Gavory, Frederick, Guidi, Lionel, Labadie, Karine, Mahieu, Eric, Poulain, Julie, Romac, Sarah, Roux, Simon, Dimier, Céline, Kandels‐Lewis, Stefanie, Picheral, Marc, Searson, Sarah, Oceans, Tara, Pesant, Stéphane, Aury, Jean‐Marc, Brum, Jennifer R., Lemaitre, Claire, Pelletier, Eric, Bork, Peer, Sunagawa, Shinichi, Lombard, Fabien, Karp-Boss, Lee, Bowler, Chris, Sullivan, Matthew B., Karsenti, Eric, Mariadassou, Mahendra, Probert, Ian, Peterlongo, Pierre, Wincker, Patrick, Vargas, Colomban de, Ribera d’Alcalà, Maurizio, Iudicone, Daniele, Jaillon, Olivier, and Tara Oceans Coordinators

Abstract

Biogeographical studies have traditionally focused on readily visible organisms, but recent technological advances are enabling analyses of the large-scale distribution of microscopic organisms, whose biogeographical patterns have long been debated. Here we assessed the global structure of plankton geography and its relation to the biological, chemical, and physical context of the ocean (the ‘seascape’) by analyzing metagenomes of plankton communities sampled across oceans during the Tara Oceans expedition, in light of environmental data and ocean current transport. Using a consistent approach across organismal sizes that provides unprecedented resolution to measure changes in genomic composition between communities, we report a pan-ocean, size-dependent plankton biogeography overlying regional heterogeneity. We found robust evidence for a basin-scale impact of transport by ocean currents on plankton biogeography, and on a characteristic timescale of community dynamics going beyond simple seasonality or life history transitions of plankton.

Published
2022

16. Functional repertoire convergence of distantly related eukaryotic plankton lineages abundant in the sunlit ocean

Author

Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Delmont, Tom O., Gaia, Morgan, Hinsinger, Damien D., Frémont, Paul, Vanni, Chiara, Fernández-Guerra, Antonio, Eren, A. Murat, Kourlaiev, Artem, d'Agata, Leo, Clayssen, Quentin, Villar, Emilie, Labadie, Karine, Cruaud, Corinne, Poulain, Julie, Da Silva, Corinne, Wessner, Marc, Noel, Benjamin, Aury, Jean‐Marc, Tara Oceans Coordinators, Acinas, Silvia G., Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Delmont, Tom O., Gaia, Morgan, Hinsinger, Damien D., Frémont, Paul, Vanni, Chiara, Fernández-Guerra, Antonio, Eren, A. Murat, Kourlaiev, Artem, d'Agata, Leo, Clayssen, Quentin, Villar, Emilie, Labadie, Karine, Cruaud, Corinne, Poulain, Julie, Da Silva, Corinne, Wessner, Marc, Noel, Benjamin, Aury, Jean‐Marc, Tara Oceans Coordinators, and Acinas, Silvia G.

Abstract

Marine planktonic eukaryotes play critical roles in global biogeochemical cycles and climate. However, their poor representation in culture collections limits our understanding of the evolutionary history and genomic underpinnings of planktonic ecosystems. Here, we used 280 billion Tara Oceans metagenomic reads from polar, temperate, and tropical sunlit oceans to reconstruct and manually curate more than 700 abundant and widespread eukaryotic environmental genomes ranging from 10 Mbp to 1.3 Gbp. This genomic resource covers a wide range of poorly characterized eukaryotic lineages that complement long-standing contributions from culture collections while better representing plankton in the upper layer of the oceans. We performed the first, to our knowledge, comprehensive genome-wide functional classification of abundant unicellular eukaryotic plankton, revealing four major groups connecting distantly related lineages. Neither trophic modes of plankton nor its vertical evolutionary history could completely explain the functional repertoire convergence of major eukaryotic lineages that coexisted within oceanic currents for millions of years

Published
2022

17. Functional repertoire convergence of distantly related eukaryotic plankton lineages abundant in the sunlit ocean

Author

Delmont, Tom O., primary, Gaia, Morgan, additional, Hinsinger, Damien D., additional, Frémont, Paul, additional, Vanni, Chiara, additional, Fernandez-Guerra, Antonio, additional, Eren, A. Murat, additional, Kourlaiev, Artem, additional, d'Agata, Leo, additional, Clayssen, Quentin, additional, Villar, Emilie, additional, Labadie, Karine, additional, Cruaud, Corinne, additional, Poulain, Julie, additional, Da Silva, Corinne, additional, Wessner, Marc, additional, Noel, Benjamin, additional, Aury, Jean-Marc, additional, de Vargas, Colomban, additional, Bowler, Chris, additional, Karsenti, Eric, additional, Pelletier, Eric, additional, Wincker, Patrick, additional, Jaillon, Olivier, additional, Sunagawa, Shinichi, additional, Acinas, Silvia G., additional, Bork, Peer, additional, Sardet, Christian, additional, Stemmann, Lars, additional, Lescot, Magali, additional, Babin, Marcel, additional, Gorsky, Gabriel, additional, Grimsley, Nigel, additional, Guidi, Lionel, additional, Hingamp, Pascal, additional, Kandels, Stefanie, additional, Iudicone, Daniele, additional, Ogata, Hiroyuki, additional, Pesant, Stéphane, additional, Sullivan, Matthew B., additional, Not, Fabrice, additional, Lee, Karp-Boss, additional, Boss, Emmanuel, additional, Cochrane, Guy, additional, Follows, Michael, additional, Poulton, Nicole, additional, Raes, Jeroen, additional, Sieracki, Mike, additional, and Speich, Sabrina, additional

Published
2022
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18. Genomic adaptation of the picoeukaryote Pelagomonas calceolata to iron-poor oceans revealed by a chromosome-scale genome sequence

Author

Guérin, Nina, primary, Ciccarella, Marta, additional, Flamant, Elisa, additional, Frémont, Paul, additional, Mangenot, Sophie, additional, Istace, Benjamin, additional, Noel, Benjamin, additional, Romac, Sarah, additional, Bachy, Charles, additional, Gachenot, Martin, additional, Pelletier, Eric, additional, Alberti, Adriana, additional, Jaillon, Olivier, additional, Cruaud, Corinne, additional, Wincker, Patrick, additional, Aury, Jean-Marc, additional, and Carradec, Quentin, additional

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

19. Data from: Genomic evidence for global ocean plankton biogeography shaped by large-scale current systems

Author

Richter, Daniel J., Watteaux, Romain, Vannier, Thomas, Leconte, Jade, Frémont, Paul, Reygondeau, Gabriel, Maillet, Nicolas, Henry, Nicolas, Benoit, Gaëtan, da Silva, Ophélie, Delmont, Tom O., Fernández-Guerra, Antonio, Suweis, Samir, Narci, Romain, Berney, Cedric, Eveillard, Damien, Gavory, Frederick, Guidi, Lionel, Labadie, Karine, Mahieu, Eric, Poulain, Julie, Romac, Sarah, Roux, Simon, Dimier, Céline, Kandels‐Lewis, Stefanie, Picheral, Marc, Searson, Sarah, Oceans, Tara, Pesant, Stéphane, Aury, Jean‐Marc, Brum, Jennifer R., Lemaitre, Claire, Pelletier, Eric, Bork, Peer, Sunagawa, Shinichi, Lombard, Fabien, Karp-Boss, Lee, Bowler, Chris, Sullivan, Matthew B., Karsenti, Eric, Mariadassou, Mahendra, Probert, Ian, Peterlongo, Pierre, Wincker, Patrick, Vargas, Colomban de, Ribera d’Alcalà, Maurizio, Iudicone, Daniele, Jaillon, Olivier, Tara Oceans Coordinators, Richter, Daniel J., Watteaux, Romain, Vannier, Thomas, Leconte, Jade, Frémont, Paul, Reygondeau, Gabriel, Maillet, Nicolas, Henry, Nicolas, Benoit, Gaëtan, da Silva, Ophélie, Delmont, Tom O., Fernández-Guerra, Antonio, Suweis, Samir, Narci, Romain, Berney, Cedric, Eveillard, Damien, Gavory, Frederick, Guidi, Lionel, Labadie, Karine, Mahieu, Eric, Poulain, Julie, Romac, Sarah, Roux, Simon, Dimier, Céline, Kandels‐Lewis, Stefanie, Picheral, Marc, Searson, Sarah, Oceans, Tara, Pesant, Stéphane, Aury, Jean‐Marc, Brum, Jennifer R., Lemaitre, Claire, Pelletier, Eric, Bork, Peer, Sunagawa, Shinichi, Lombard, Fabien, Karp-Boss, Lee, Bowler, Chris, Sullivan, Matthew B., Karsenti, Eric, Mariadassou, Mahendra, Probert, Ian, Peterlongo, Pierre, Wincker, Patrick, Vargas, Colomban de, Ribera d’Alcalà, Maurizio, Iudicone, Daniele, Jaillon, Olivier, and Tara Oceans Coordinators

Abstract

Biogeographical studies have traditionally focused on readily visible organisms, but recent technological advances are enabling analyses of the large-scale distribution of microscopic organisms, whose biogeographical patterns have long been debated. Here we assessed the global structure of plankton geography and its relation to the biological, chemical and physical context of the ocean (the 'seascape') by analyzing metagenomes of plankton communities sampled across oceans during the Tara Oceans expedition, in light of environmental data and ocean current transport. Using a consistent approach across organismal sizes that provides unprecedented resolution to measure changes in genomic composition between communities, we report a pan-ocean, size-dependent plankton biogeography overlying regional heterogeneity. We found robust evidence for a basin-scale impact of transport by ocean currents on plankton biogeography, and on a characteristic timescale of community dynamics going beyond simple seasonality or life history transitions of plankton.

Published
2021

24. Genomic evidence for global ocean plankton biogeography shaped by large-scale current systems.

Author

Richter DJ, Watteaux R, Vannier T, Leconte J, Frémont P, Reygondeau G, Maillet N, Henry N, Benoit G, Da Silva O, Delmont TO, Fernàndez-Guerra A, Suweis S, Narci R, Berney C, Eveillard D, Gavory F, Guidi L, Labadie K, Mahieu E, Poulain J, Romac S, Roux S, Dimier C, Kandels S, Picheral M, Searson S, Pesant S, Aury JM, Brum JR, Lemaitre C, Pelletier E, Bork P, Sunagawa S, Lombard F, Karp-Boss L, Bowler C, Sullivan MB, Karsenti E, Mariadassou M, Probert I, Peterlongo P, Wincker P, de Vargas C, Ribera d'Alcalà M, Iudicone D, and Jaillon O

Subjects
Genomics, Geography, Oceans and Seas, Ecosystem, Plankton genetics
Abstract

Biogeographical studies have traditionally focused on readily visible organisms, but recent technological advances are enabling analyses of the large-scale distribution of microscopic organisms, whose biogeographical patterns have long been debated. Here we assessed the global structure of plankton geography and its relation to the biological, chemical, and physical context of the ocean (the 'seascape') by analyzing metagenomes of plankton communities sampled across oceans during the Tara Oceans expedition, in light of environmental data and ocean current transport. Using a consistent approach across organismal sizes that provides unprecedented resolution to measure changes in genomic composition between communities, we report a pan-ocean, size-dependent plankton biogeography overlying regional heterogeneity. We found robust evidence for a basin-scale impact of transport by ocean currents on plankton biogeography, and on a characteristic timescale of community dynamics going beyond simple seasonality or life history transitions of plankton., Competing Interests: DR, RW, TV, JL, PF, GR, NM, NH, GB, OD, TD, AF, SS, RN, CB, DE, FG, LG, KL, EM, JP, SR, SR, CD, SK, MP, SS, SP, JA, JB, CL, EP, PB, SS, FL, LK, CB, MS, EK, MM, IP, PP, PW, Cd, MR, DI, OJ No competing interests declared, (© 2022, Richter, Watteaux, Vannier et al.)

Published
2022
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