292 results on '"Frédéric Grillot"'
Search Results
2. Observation of amplitude squeezing in a constant-current-driven distributed feedback quantum dot laser with optical feedback
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Shihao Ding, Shiyuan Zhao, Heming Huang, and Frédéric Grillot
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Atomic physics. Constitution and properties of matter ,QC170-197 - Abstract
We illustrate the generation of single-mode amplitude squeezing in a distributed feedback quantum dot laser driven by a constant-current pump. Achieving broadband amplitude squeezing of 1.7 dB over a 10 GHz range at room temperature is realized by suppressing carrier noise and implementing optical feedback. The noise-corrected squeezing level reached 5.1 dB. Furthermore, the examination of the zero-delay second-order correlation function demonstrates the robust feedback stability of the amplitude-squeezed state in the quantum dot laser compared to a reference quantum well laser. This investigation lays the groundwork for future advancements in integrated optical quantum chips.
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- 2024
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3. Linewidth narrowing in self-injection-locked on-chip lasers
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Emad Alkhazraji, Weng W. Chow, Frédéric Grillot, John E. Bowers, and Yating Wan
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Applied optics. Photonics ,TA1501-1820 ,Optics. Light ,QC350-467 - Abstract
Abstract Stable laser emission with narrow linewidth is of critical importance in many applications, including coherent communications, LIDAR, and remote sensing. In this work, the physics underlying spectral narrowing of self-injection-locked on-chip lasers to Hz-level lasing linewidth is investigated using a composite-cavity structure. Heterogeneously integrated III–V/SiN lasers operating with quantum-dot and quantum-well active regions are analyzed with a focus on the effects of carrier quantum confinement. The intrinsic differences are associated with gain saturation and carrier-induced refractive index, which are directly connected with 0- and 2-dimensional carrier densities of states. Results from parametric studies are presented for tradeoffs involved with tailoring the linewidth, output power, and injection current for different device configurations. Though both quantum-well and quantum-dot devices show similar linewidth-narrowing capabilities, the former emits at a higher optical power in the self-injection-locked state, while the latter is more energy-efficient. Lastly, a multi-objective optimization analysis is provided to optimize the operation and design parameters. For the quantum-well laser, minimizing the number of quantum-well layers is found to decrease the threshold current without significantly reducing the output power. For the quantum-dot laser, increasing the quantum-dot layers or density in each layer increases the output power without significantly increasing the threshold current. These findings serve to guide more detailed parametric studies to produce timely results for engineering design.
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- 2023
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4. Mid-infrared hyperchaos of interband cascade lasers
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Yu Deng, Zhuo-Fei Fan, Bin-Bin Zhao, Xing-Guang Wang, Shiyuan Zhao, Jiagui Wu, Frédéric Grillot, and Cheng Wang
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Applied optics. Photonics ,TA1501-1820 ,Optics. Light ,QC350-467 - Abstract
Abstract Chaos in nonlinear dynamical systems is featured with irregular appearance and with high sensitivity to initial conditions. Near-infrared light chaos based on semiconductor lasers has been extensively studied and has enabled various applications. Here, we report a fully-developed hyperchaos in the mid-infrared regime, which is produced from interband cascade lasers subject to the external optical feedback. Lyapunov spectrum analysis demonstrates that the chaos exhibits three positive Lyapunov exponents. Particularly, the chaotic signal covers a broad frequency range up to the GHz level, which is two to three orders of magnitude broader than existed mid-infrared chaos solutions. The interband cascade lasers produce either periodic oscillations or low-frequency fluctuations before bifurcating to hyperchaos. This hyperchaos source is valuable for developing long-reach secure optical communication links and remote chaotic Lidar systems, taking advantage of the high-transmission windows of the atmosphere in the mid-infrared regime.
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- 2022
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5. Uncovering recent progress in nanostructured light-emitters for information and communication technologies
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Frédéric Grillot, Jianan Duan, Bozhang Dong, and Heming Huang
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Applied optics. Photonics ,TA1501-1820 ,Optics. Light ,QC350-467 - Abstract
Quantum dot are one of the best practical examples of nanotechnologies. Owing to the discrete energy levels, quantum dot lasers output unique features like thermal stability, feedback insensitivity and spectral purity.
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- 2021
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6. Private communication with quantum cascade laser photonic chaos
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Olivier Spitz, Andreas Herdt, Jiagui Wu, Grégory Maisons, Mathieu Carras, Chee-Wei Wong, Wolfgang Elsäßer, and Frédéric Grillot
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Science - Abstract
Free-space communication in the mid-IR domain has many potential applications, but security is still challenging. Here, the authors use chaos synchronization in a QCL-based free-space link as a way to increase privacy of such transmissions.
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- 2021
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7. Multimode Physics in the Mode Locking of Semiconductor Quantum Dot Lasers
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Frédéric Grillot, Weng W. Chow, Bozhang Dong, Shihao Ding, Heming Huang, and John Bowers
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quantum dot ,semiconductor lasers ,mode locking ,frequency domain ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Quantum dot lasers are an attractive option for light sources in silicon photonic integrated circuits. Thanks to the three-dimensional charge carrier confinement in quantum dots, high material gain, low noise and large temperature stability can be achieved. This paper discusses, both theoretically and experimentally, the advantages of silicon-based quantum dot lasers for passive mode-locking applications. Using a frequency domain approach, i.e., with the laser electric field described in terms of a superposition of passive cavity eigenmodes, a precise quantitative description of the conditions for frequency comb and pulse train formation is supported, along with a concise explanation of the progression to mode locking via Adler’s equation. The path to transform-limited performance is discussed and compared to the experimental beat-note spectrum and mode-locked pulse generation. A theory/experiment comparison is also used to extract the experimental group velocity dispersion, which is a key obstacle to transform-limited performance. Finally, the linewidth enhancement contribution to the group velocity dispersion is investigated. For passively mode-locked quantum dot lasers directly grown on silicon, our experimental and theoretical investigations provide a self-consistent accounting of the multimode interactions giving rise to the locking mechanism, gain saturation, mode competition and carrier-induced refractive index.
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- 2022
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8. Competition between Entrainment Phenomenon and Chaos in a Quantum-Cascade Laser under Strong Optical Reinjection
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Olivier Spitz, Lauréline Durupt, and Frédéric Grillot
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quantum cascade laser ,mid-infrared photonics ,external optical feedback ,non-linear dynamics ,Applied optics. Photonics ,TA1501-1820 - Abstract
The topic of external optical feedback in quantum-cascade lasers is relevant for stability and beam-properties considerations. Albeit less sensitive to external optical feedback than other lasers, quantum-cascade lasers can exhibit several behaviors under such feedback, and those are relevant for a large panel of applications, from communication to ranging and sensing. This work focused on a packaged Fabry–Perot quantum-cascade laser under strong external optical feedback and shows the influence of the beam-splitter characteristics on the optical power properties of this commercially available laser. The packaged quantum-cascade laser showed extended conditions of operation when subject to strong optical feedback, and the maximum power that can be extracted from the external cavity was also increased. When adding a periodic electrical perturbation, various non-linear dynamics were observed, and this complements previous efforts about the entrainment phenomenon in monomode quantum-cascade lasers, with the view of optimizing private communication based on mid-infrared quantum-cascade lasers. Overall, this work is a step forward in understanding the behavior of the complex quantum-cascade-laser structure when it is subjected to external optical feedback.
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- 2022
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9. High-speed transmissions with direct-modulation room-temperature semiconductor lasers emitting in the transparency window around 4 μm.
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Olivier Spitz, Lauréline Durupt, Pierre Didier, Daniel Andres Diaz Thomas, Laurent Cerutti, Alexei N. Baranov, Mathieu Carras, and Frédéric Grillot
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- 2021
10. Uncovering Reflection Insensitive Semiconductor Lasers for Silicon Photonic Integration.
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Frédéric Grillot
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- 2020
11. Design, Fabrication and Characterization of Hybrid III-V/SOI Phase-Shift Free DFB Laser with Tapered Silicon Waveguide.
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Antonin Gallet, Karim Hassan, Christophe Jany, T. Card, J. DaFonseca, V. Rebeyrol, Nils Girard, Alexandre Shen, Dalila Make, Jean-Guy Provost, Jean Decobert, Viviane Muffato, Antoine Coquiard, Stephane Malhouitre, Ségolène Olivier, Helene Debregeas, Guang-Hua Duan, and Frédéric Grillot
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- 2018
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12. Full parameter extraction of a temperature-insensitive quantum well DFB laser using an optical injection technique
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Shihao Ding, Nate Doggett, Daniel J. Herrera, Heming Huang, Vassilios I. Kovanis, Luke F. Lester, and Frédéric Grillot
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- 2023
13. Mid-infrared free-space cryptosystem
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Olivier Spitz, Andreas Herdt, Pierre Didier, Wolfgang Elsäßer, and Frédéric Grillot
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- 2022
14. Dispersion uncompensated IM/DD transmissions of 12GHz-wide multi-band OFDM over 100km with a D-EML.
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Mohamed E. Chaibi, Luiz Anet Neto, Christophe Kazmierski, Frédéric Grillot, and Didier Erasme
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- 2015
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15. Stochastic Model of Sub-Poissonian Quantum Light in an Interband Cascade Laser
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Shiyuan Zhao and Frédéric Grillot
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General Physics and Astronomy - Published
- 2022
16. Optical Feedback Dynamics in Dual-state Quantum Dot Lasers
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Zhiyong Jin, Shiyuan Zhao, Heming Huang, Frédéric Grillot, Xiaochuan Xu, Yong Yao, and Jianan Duan
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- 2022
17. High-capacity free-space optical link in the midinfrared thermal atmospheric windows using unipolar quantum devices
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Pierre Didier, Hamza Dely, Thomas Bonazzi, Olivier Spitz, Elie Awwad, Étienne Rodriguez, Angela Vasanelli, Carlo Sirtori, and Frédéric Grillot
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Biomedical Engineering ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials - Published
- 2022
18. Uncovering recent progress in nanostructured light-emitters for information and communication technologies
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Heming Huang, Jianan Duan, Frédéric Grillot, Bozhang Dong, Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Département Communications & Electronique (COMELEC), Télécom ParisTech, Télécommunications Optiques (GTO), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris
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Materials science ,Physics::Optics ,Review Article ,02 engineering and technology ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,010309 optics ,[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics] ,Condensed Matter::Materials Science ,Quantization (physics) ,0103 physical sciences ,Applied optics. Photonics ,Quantum information ,Quantum ,Spectral purity ,Semiconductor lasers ,Photonic devices ,business.industry ,Macroscopic quantum phenomena ,QC350-467 ,Optics. Light ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect ,Engineering physics ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,TA1501-1820 ,Quantum dot laser ,Quantum dot ,Photonics ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
Semiconductor nanostructures with low dimensionality like quantum dots and quantum dashes are one of the best attractive and heuristic solutions for achieving high performance photonic devices. When one or more spatial dimensions of the nanocrystal approach the de Broglie wavelength, nanoscale size effects create a spatial quantization of carriers leading to a complete discretization of energy levels along with additional quantum phenomena like entangled-photon generation or squeezed states of light among others. This article reviews our recent findings and prospects on nanostructure based light emitters where active region is made with quantum-dot and quantum-dash nanostructures. Many applications ranging from silicon-based integrated technologies to quantum information systems rely on the utilization of such laser sources. Here, we link the material and fundamental properties with the device physics. For this purpose, spectral linewidth, polarization anisotropy, optical nonlinearities as well as microwave, dynamic and nonlinear properties are closely examined. The paper focuses on photonic devices grown on native substrates (InP and GaAs) as well as those heterogeneously and epitaxially grown on silicon substrate. This research pipelines the most exciting recent innovation developed around light emitters using nanostructures as gain media and highlights the importance of nanotechnologies on industry and society especially for shaping the future information and communication society., Quantum dot are one of the best practical examples of nanotechnologies. Owing to the discrete energy levels, quantum dot lasers output unique features like thermal stability, feedback insensitivity and spectral purity.
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- 2021
19. Bridging the 100 GHz-10 THz domain with unipolar quantum optoelectronics
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Frédéric Grillot, Pierre Didier, Olivier Spitz, Livia Del Balzo, Hyunah Kim, Hamza Dely, Thomas Bonazzi, Etienne Rodriguez, Djamal Gacemi, Angela Vasanelli, and Carlo Sirtori
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- 2022
20. Reflection sensitivity of InAs/GaAs epitaxial quantum dot lasers under direct modulation
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Shihao Ding, Bozhang Dong, Heming Huang, John E. Bowers, and Frédéric Grillot
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Electrical and Electronic Engineering - Published
- 2022
21. Influence of the cavity design on the differential gain and linewidth enhancement factor of a QD comb laser
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Thibaut Renaud, Heming Huang, Géza Kurczveil, Raymond G. Beausoleil, Di D. Liang, and Frédéric Grillot
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- 2022
22. Interband cascade technology for energy-efficient mid-infrared free-space communication
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Pierre Didier, Hedwig Knötig, Olivier Spitz, Laurent Cerutti, Anna Lardschneider, Elie Awwad, Daniel Diaz-Thomas, A. N. Baranov, Robert Weih, Johannes Koeth, Benedikt Schwarz, and Frédéric Grillot
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Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials - Abstract
Space-to-ground high-speed transmission is of utmost importance for the development of a worldwide broadband network. Mid-infrared wavelengths offer numerous advantages for building such a system, spanning from low atmospheric attenuation to eye-safe operation and resistance to inclement weather conditions. We demonstrate a full interband cascade system for high-speed transmission around a wavelength of 4.18 µm. The low-power consumption of both the laser and the detector in combination with a large modulation bandwidth and sufficient output power makes this technology ideal for a free-space optical communication application. Our proof-of-concept experiment employs a radio-frequency optimized Fabry–Perot interband cascade laser and an interband cascade infrared photodetector based on a type-II InAs/GaSb superlattice. The bandwidth of the system is evaluated to be around 1.5 GHz. It allows us to achieve data rates of 12 Gbit/s with an on–off keying scheme and 14 Gbit/s with a 4-level pulse amplitude modulation scheme. The quality of the transmission is enhanced by conventional pre- and post-processing in order to be compatible with standard error-code correction.
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- 2023
23. Effects of external optical feedback in InAs/InP quantum dot frequency comb lasers on silicon
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Thibaut Renaud, Heming Huang, Di Liang, Geza Kurczveil, Raymond G. Beausoleil, and Frédéric Grillot
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- 2022
24. High-definition video broadcasting with a room-temperature quantum cascade laser emitting in the long-wave infrared domain
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Pierre Didier, Ke Yang, Olivier Spitz, Alice Guillaume-Manca, Junqi Liu, and Frédéric Grillot
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- 2022
25. Chaos-based mid-infrared communications
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Frédéric Grillot and Olivier Spitz
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- 2022
26. Enhanced four-wave mixing dynamics in epitaxial quantum dot laser on silicon
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Shihao Ding, Bozhang Dong, Weng Chow, John Bowers, and Frédéric Grillot
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The four-wave mixing conversion efficiency of quantum dot laser is much higher than that of quantum well. These results are important for self-mode-locked pulse production and high-bandwidth optical frequency comb generation.
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- 2022
27. Free-Space Communication With Directly Modulated Mid-Infrared Quantum Cascade Devices
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Olivier Spitz, Daniel A. Diaz-Thomas, Alexei N. Baranov, Frédéric Grillot, Pierre Didier, Laurent Cerutti, Laureline Durupt, Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Département Communications & Electronique (COMELEC), Télécom ParisTech, Télécommunications Optiques (GTO), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Institut d’Electronique et des Systèmes (IES), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Composants à Nanostructure pour le moyen infrarouge (NANOMIR), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Physics ,business.industry ,Optical communication ,Physics::Optics ,02 engineering and technology ,Interband cascade laser ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Laser ,01 natural sciences ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,law.invention ,Semiconductor laser theory ,010309 optics ,[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics] ,Optical path ,law ,Cascade ,0103 physical sciences ,Optoelectronics ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Adaptive optics ,Quantum cascade laser - Abstract
International audience; This study deals with the communication capabilities of two kinds of semiconductor lasers emitting in one of the atmosphere transparency windows, around 4 µm. One of these two lasers is a quantum cascade laser and the other one is an interband cascade laser. With the quantum cascade laser, a subsequent attenuation is added to the optical path in order to mimic the attenuation of free-space transmission of several kilometers. Direct electrical modulation is used to transmit the message and two-level formats, non-return-to-zero and return-to-zero, are used and compared in terms of maximum transmission data rate. The sensitivity to optical feedback is also analyzed, as well as the evolution of the error rate when reducing the optical power at the level of the detector. This work provides a novel insight into the development of future secure free-space optical communication links based on midinfrared semiconductor lasers and sheds the light on improvements required to achieve multi-Gbits/s communication with off-the-shelf components. Index Terms-Quantum cascade laser, interband cascade laser, mid-infrared photonics, free-space communication. I. INTRODUCTION T HE development of semiconductor laser technology was considerably boosted with inventing quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) in early 90s [1] and interband cascade lasers (ICLs) shortly afterwards [2]. At the early stages of QCLs, free-space optical transmissions were envisioned [3] alongside Manuscript
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- 2022
28. Interband cascade technology enables high-speed free-space communication in the mid-infrared transparency windows of the atmosphere
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Pierre Didier, Hedwig Knötig, Olivier Spitz, Laurent Cerutti, Anna Lardschneider, D.A. Diaz-Thomas, A.N. Baranov, Robert Weih, Johannes Köth, Benedikt Schwarz, and Frédéric Grillot
- Abstract
Combination of interband cascade laser and interband cascade infrared pho-todetector allows demonstrating free-space transmission at 16 GBit/s in the thermal atmospheric window around 4 µm, paving the way towards energy-efficient mid-infrared communication.
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- 2022
29. Linewidth narrowing in self-injection locked lasers: Effects of quantum confinement
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Artem Prokoshin, Weng W. Chow, Bozhang Dong, Frederic Grillot, John Bowers, and Yating Wan
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Applied optics. Photonics ,TA1501-1820 - Abstract
This paper explores the impact of gain medium on linewidth narrowing in integrated self-injection locked III–V/SiN lasers, theoretically and experimentally. We focus on the effects of carrier densities of states in zero- and two-dimensional structures due to quantum-dot and quantum-well confinement. The theoretical approach includes (a) multimode laser interaction to treat mode competition and wave mixing, (b) quantum-optical contributions from spontaneous emission, and (c) composite laser/free-space eigenmodes to describe outcoupling and coupling among components within an extended cavity. For single-cavity lasers, such as distributed feedback lasers, the model reproduces the experimentally observed better linewidth performance of quantum-dot active regions over quantum-well ones. When applied to integrated III–V/SiN lasers, our analysis indicates Hz-level linewidth performance for both quantum-dot and quantum-well gain media due to overcoming the difference in carrier-induced refractive index by incorporating a high-Q SiN passive resonator. Trade-offs are also explored between linewidth, output power, and threshold current.
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- 2024
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30. Physics and applications of quantum dot lasers for silicon photonics
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Bozhang Dong, Justin Norman, Jianan Duan, Zeyu Zhang, Weng W. Chow, John E. Bowers, Heming Huang, Frédéric Grillot, Télécommunications Optiques (GTO), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Département Communications & Electronique (COMELEC), Télécom ParisTech, Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), University of California, and Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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QC1-999 ,Physics::Optics ,quantum dots ,Nanotechnology ,semiconductor lasers ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,7. Clean energy ,Semiconductor laser theory ,Nanomaterials ,010309 optics ,[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics] ,nanostructures ,0103 physical sciences ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Physics ,Silicon photonics ,silicon photonics ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Quantum dot ,Quantum dot laser ,dynamical instabilities ,0210 nano-technology ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) have enabled numerous high performance, energy efficient, and compact technologies for optical communications, sensing, and metrology. One of the biggest challenges in scaling PICs comes from the parasitic reflections that feed light back into the laser source. These reflections increase noise and may cause laser destabilization. To avoid parasitic reflections, expensive and bulky optical isolators have been placed between the laser and the rest of the PIC leading to large increases in device footprint for on-chip integration schemes and significant increases in packaging complexity and cost for lasers co-packaged with passive PICs. This review article reports new findings on epitaxial quantum dot lasers on silicon and studies both theoretically and experimentally the connection between the material properties and the ultra-low reflection sensitivity that is achieved. Our results show that such quantum dot lasers on silicon exhibit much lower linewidth enhancement factors than any quantum well lasers. Together with the large damping factor, we show that the quantum dot gain medium is fundamentally dependent on dot uniformity, but through careful optimization, even epitaxial lasers on silicon can operate without an optical isolator, which is of paramount importance for the future high-speed silicon photonic systems.
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- 2020
31. Investigation of Chaotic and Spiking Dynamics in Mid-Infrared Quantum Cascade Lasers Operating Continuous-Waves and Under Current Modulation
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Chee Wei Wong, Jiagui Wu, Andreas Herdt, Olivier Spitz, Frédéric Grillot, Mathieu Carras, Wolfgang Elsäßer, MirSense, Télécommunications Optiques (GTO), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Département Communications & Electronique (COMELEC), Télécom ParisTech, University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California, Southwest University [Chongqing], Technische Universität Darmstadt (TU Darmstadt), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris
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Secure communications ,Quantum cascade laser ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,020210 optoelectronics & photonics ,law ,Quantum mechanics ,Mid-infrared photonics ,0103 physical sciences ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Entrainment phenomenon ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,010306 general physics ,Quantum ,Bifurcation ,Physics ,Nonlinear optics ,Order (ring theory) ,External optical feedback ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Modulation ,Cascade ,Index Terms-Nonlinear dynamics ,Nonlinear dynamics ,[SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic ,Continuous wave - Abstract
This study investigates chaotic and spiking dynamics of mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers operating under external optical feedback and emitting at 5.5 $\mu {\text{m}}$ and 9 $\mu {\text{m}}$ . In order to deepen the understanding, the route to chaos is experimentally studied in the case of continuous-wave and current modulation operation. The non-linear dynamics are analyzed with bifurcation diagrams. While for quasi-continuous wave operation, chaos is found to be more complex, pure continuous wave pumping always leads to the generation of a regular spiking induced low-frequency fluctuations dynamics. In the latter, results show that by combining external optical feedback with periodic forcing and further induced current modulation allows a better control of the chaotic dropouts. This work provides a novel insight into the development of future secure free-space communications based on quantum cascade lasers or unpredictable optical countermeasure systems operating within the two transparency atmospheric windows hence between 3 $\mu {\text{m}}$ –5 $\mu {\text{m}}$ and 8.5 $\mu {\text{m}}$ –11 $\mu {\text{m}}$ .
- Published
- 2019
32. Intensity Noise and Pulse Oscillations of an InAs/GaAs Quantum Dot Laser on Germanium
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Yue-Guang Zhou, Xuyi Zhao, Chunfang Cao, Heming Huang, Frédéric Grillot, Cheng Wang, Jianan Duan, and Qian Gong
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Materials science ,business.industry ,Relative intensity noise ,Oscillation ,Physics::Optics ,02 engineering and technology ,Laser ,Q-switching ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Semiconductor laser theory ,law.invention ,020210 optoelectronics & photonics ,Quantum dot laser ,law ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Optoelectronics ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Photonics ,business ,Noise (radio) - Abstract
This paper investigates the intensity noise and pulse oscillation characteristics of an InAs/GaAs quantum dot laser epitaxially grown on germanium. We show that the relative intensity noise of the free-running laser generally decreases with increasing pump current, and the minimum value reaches down to about $-$ 126 dB/Hz. The intensity noise is hardly affected by the optical feedback, unless there is a resonance or pulse oscillation in the noise spectrum. The laser pumped at a high current is more sensitive to the optical feedback. Interestingly, it is found that the free-running Ge-based quantum dot laser generates self-sustained pulse oscillations with one period or two periods upon the pump current, without incorporating saturable absorbers. This behavior is valuable for both self-generation of photonic microwaves and for understanding nonlinear dynamics of semiconductor lasers.
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- 2019
33. Private communication with quantum cascade laser photonic chaos
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Wolfgang Elsäßer, Chee Wei Wong, Olivier Spitz, Mathieu Carras, Andreas Herdt, Gregory Maisons, Frédéric Grillot, Jiagui Wu, Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Département Communications & Electronique (COMELEC), Télécom ParisTech, Télécommunications Optiques (GTO), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Technical University Darmstadt (TU), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California, and Mirsense, Nanno-INNOV
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Fibre optics and optical communications ,Computer science ,Science ,Optical communication ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Data security ,02 engineering and technology ,Encryption ,01 natural sciences ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Electromagnetic interference ,Article ,010309 optics ,[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics] ,0103 physical sciences ,Synchronization (computer science) ,Mid-infrared photonics ,Electronic engineering ,Computer Science::Cryptography and Security ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,Transmitter ,Physical layer ,General Chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Electrical and electronic engineering ,Key (cryptography) ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
Mid-infrared free-space optical communication has a large potential for high speed communication due to its immunity to electromagnetic interference. However, data security against eavesdroppers is among the obstacles for private free-space communication. Here, we show that two uni-directionally coupled quantum cascade lasers operating in the chaotic regime and the synchronization between them allow for the extraction of the information that has been camouflaged in the chaotic emission. This building block represents a key tool to implement a high degree of privacy directly on the physical layer. We realize a proof-of-concept communication at a wavelength of 5.7 μm with a message encryption at a bit rate of 0.5 Mbit/s. Our demonstration of private free-space communication between a transmitter and receiver opens strategies for physical encryption and decryption of a digital message., Free-space communication in the mid-IR domain has many potential applications, but security is still challenging. Here, the authors use chaos synchronization in a QCL-based free-space link as a way to increase privacy of such transmissions.
- Published
- 2021
34. Analysis of the relative intensity noise in a Fabry-Perot interband cascade laser revealing relaxation oscillations
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Laurent Cerutti, Frédéric Grillot, Pierre Didier, Alexei N. Baranov, Daniel A. Diaz-Thomas, and Olivier Spitz
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Materials science ,Condensed matter physics ,business.industry ,law ,Relative intensity noise ,Optoelectronics ,Relaxation (physics) ,Interband cascade laser ,business ,Fabry–Pérot interferometer ,law.invention - Published
- 2021
35. Multi-Gb/s free-space communication with energy-efficient room-temperature quantum cascade laser emitting at $8. 1\ \mu \mathrm{m}$
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Pierre Didier, Junqi Liu, Olivier Spitz, Ke Yang, Frédéric Grillot, and Alice Guillaume-Manca
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Physics ,Work (thermodynamics) ,Transmission (telecommunications) ,business.industry ,law ,Modulation ,Optoelectronics ,Free space ,Photonics ,business ,Quantum cascade laser ,law.invention ,Efficient energy use - Abstract
We demonstrate a free-space transmission with a direct electrical modulation in a quantum cascade laser emitting in one of the transparency windows of the atmosphere, near $8.1\ \mu \mathrm{m}$ . The advantages of the presented work are a room-temperature setup, real-time high-speed operation and low-power consumption.
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- 2021
36. Wave mixing efficiency in InAs/GaAs semiconductor quantum dot optical amplifiers and lasers
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Thibaut Renaud, Heming Huang, Frédéric Grillot, and Dieter Bimberg
- Subjects
Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,Instrumentation - Abstract
The nonlinear features of both semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) and semiconductor lasers, which are made from the same InAs/GaAs quantum dot (QD) wafers, are investigated in detail. By employing pump-probe driven four-wave mixing as an experimental tool, the wave conversion process shows notably different profiles for the two types of devices. Due to the contributions of ultrafast, sub-picosecond mechanisms, such as carrier heating and spectral hole burning, the pump-probe frequency can be easily tuned to the THz range. SOAs generally benefit more from sub-picosecond carrier dynamics, hence exhibiting a higher conversion efficiency (CE) in the THz range, compared to their laser diode counterparts. The discrepancy even exceeds 10 dB. In addition, laser experiments yield some differences from the amplifier ones, hence leading to a higher nonlinear CE at small detuning ranges. These results strongly improve our insight into the fundamental nonlinear properties of InAs/GaAs QD material, and contribute to the conception of novel devices for future on-chip applications in all-optical communication networks, such as signal wavelength conversion, mode-locking, and optical frequency comb generation.
- Published
- 2022
37. Perspectives on Advances in Quantum Dot Lasers and Integration with Si Photonic Integrated Circuits
- Author
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Robert W. Herrick, Kunal Mukherjee, Eamonn T. Hughes, Weng W. Chow, Yating Wan, Jianan Duan, John E. Bowers, Frédéric Grillot, Jennifer Selvidge, Chen Shang, University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), University of California, Intel Corporation [USA], Stanford University, Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Département Communications & Electronique (COMELEC), Télécom ParisTech, Télécommunications Optiques (GTO), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, and Sandia National Laboratories - Corporation
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Materials science ,business.industry ,Photonic integrated circuit ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics] ,020210 optoelectronics & photonics ,Quantum dot laser ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Optoelectronics ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Biotechnology - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2021
38. Chaos synchronization in mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers for private free-space communication
- Author
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M. Carras, Gregory Maisons, Frédéric Grillot, Wolfgang Elsäßer, Olivier Spitz, Andreas Herdt, Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Département Communications & Electronique (COMELEC), Télécom ParisTech, Télécommunications Optiques (GTO), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Technical University Darmstadt (TU), and Mirsense, Nanno-INNOV
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business.industry ,Computer science ,Laser ,law.invention ,CHAOS (operating system) ,[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics] ,Transmission (telecommunications) ,law ,Cascade ,Synchronization (computer science) ,Electronic engineering ,Photonics ,Illegitimate receiver ,business ,Quantum ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
We report on the first experimental chaos synchronization in mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers and subsequently perform private free-space transmission at a bit-rate of 0.5 Mbits/s. The quality of the privacy is assessed with eye diagrams, both at the legitimate receiver side and illegitimate receiver side.
- Published
- 2021
39. Modeling of a quantum dot gain chip in an external cavity laser configuration
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Gang He, Alain Mugnier, Frédéric Grillot, Jannik F. Ehlert, EXFO Optics, Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Département Communications & Electronique (COMELEC), Télécom ParisTech, Télécommunications Optiques (GTO), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris
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External cavity laser ,Materials science ,business.industry ,02 engineering and technology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Chip ,01 natural sciences ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,010309 optics ,[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics] ,020210 optoelectronics & photonics ,Quantum dot ,0103 physical sciences ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Optoelectronics ,business ,Instrumentation ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2021
40. Impact of Spatial Hole Burning and Linewidth Enhancement Factor on Distributed-Feedback Quantum Cascade Lasers: A Comprehensive Design Analysis
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Sara Zaminga, Lorenzo Columbo, Carlo Silvestri, Mariangela Gioannini, and Frederic Grillot
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Coupled-mode theory ,distributed-feedback ,effective semiconductor maxwell-bloch equations ,linewidth enhancement factor ,quantum cascade laser ,spatial hole burning ,Applied optics. Photonics ,TA1501-1820 ,Optics. Light ,QC350-467 - Abstract
In this article, we use a time-domain traveling-wave approach with a coupled-mode theory to describe the dynamics of a mid-Infrared (MIR) Quantum Cascade Laser (QCL) in the Distributed-Feedback (DFB) configuration. We demonstrate that linewidth enhancement factor (LEF) and spatial hole burning (SHB) play a crucial role in influencing the device's single-mode behavior. Neglecting them leads to an overestimation of the interval of pump currents granting single-mode emission and to an inaccurate simulation of the QCLs' multimode dynamics. By taking into account these two mechanisms, we inspect the combined action of the DFB grating's coupling strength and end facets' reflectivity. The purpose is to supply designers with a guideline to achieve the optimal structure for efficient single-mode emission, which is a highly required specification in manifold applications, like free-space optical communication. Numerical simulations are in good agreement with experimental findings relative to a DFB QCL operating at 9.34 $\mu$m.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Effect of Shockley-Read-Hall recombination on the static and dynamical characteristics of epitaxial quantum-dot lasers on silicon
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Shiyuan Zhao, Frédéric Grillot, Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Département Communications & Electronique (COMELEC), Télécom ParisTech, Télécommunications Optiques (GTO), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris
- Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,Hopf bifurcation ,Physics ,Condensed matter physics ,Silicon ,Photonic integrated circuit ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,Rate equation ,Laser ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,symbols.namesake ,020210 optoelectronics & photonics ,chemistry ,law ,Quantum dot laser ,0103 physical sciences ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Damping factor ,symbols ,Sensitivity (control systems) ,010306 general physics ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
We semianalytically and numerically investigate the static and dynamical characteristics of quantum-dot (QD) lasers directly grown on silicon by considering the Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) recombination. The static characteristics are studied through small-signal analysis, including the ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{H}$ factor, damping factor, and modulation dynamics. In addition, the feedback dynamics are analyzed through improved corpuscular rate equations based on the classical Lang-Kobayashi (LK) model with time series, bifurcation diagrams, and phase portraits. We find that a smaller ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{H}$ factor but larger damping factor are obtained by decreasing the nonradiative recombination lifetime. On top of that, in both the short- and long-external-cavity regimes, any decrease of the SRH recombination lifetime obliterates significantly chaotic regions and shifts the first Hopf bifurcation point to higher feedback values. Overall, this work provides insights into the understanding of QD laser physics, hence highlighting the influence of the SRH lifetime on the reflection sensitivity of epitaxial QD lasers on silicon. These results are qualitatively consistent with recent experiments and are therefore helpful for designing feedback-resistant lasers for future photonic integrated circuits operating without optical isolation.
- Published
- 2021
42. Dynamics of epitaxial quantum dot laser on silicon subject to chip-scale back-reflection for isolator-free photonics integrated circuits
- Author
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Jun-Da Chen, Bozhang Dong, John E. Bowers, Frédéric Grillot, Fan-Yi Lin, Justin Norman, Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Département Communications & Electronique (COMELEC), Télécom ParisTech, Télécommunications Optiques (GTO), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, National Tsing Hua University [Hsinchu] (NTHU), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), and University of California
- Subjects
Materials science ,Silicon ,business.industry ,Photonic integrated circuit ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Integrated circuit ,Laser ,law.invention ,Laser linewidth ,[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics] ,chemistry ,Quantum dot laser ,law ,Quantum dot ,Optoelectronics ,Photonics ,business ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
Silicon-based epitaxial quantum dot (QD) lasers with strong tolerance for back-reflections have paved the way for developing isolator-free photonics integrated circuits (PICs). This remarkable feature is attributed to the peculiar benefits of QDs, including a large material gain, a strong damping, and a small linewidth enhancement factor [1] . The laser performance can also be optimized by applying p-modulation doping in the active region [1] . In a previous study, the sensitivity of epitaxial QD lasers on silicon subject to short- and long-delay optical feedback were performed [2] . On the top of that, a further investigation of the feedback dynamics on the intra- and inter-chip scale is of significant importance for photonic integration applications.
- Published
- 2021
43. Chaos Bandwidth in Mid-infrared Quantum Cascade Photonic Devices with Interband and Intersubband Transitions
- Author
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Laurent Cerutti, Mathieu Carras, Gregory Maisons, Frédéric Grillot, Chee Wei Wong, Alexei N. Baranov, Pierre Didier, Olivier Spitz, Daniel A. Diaz-Thomas, Jiagui Wu, Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Département Communications & Electronique (COMELEC), Télécom ParisTech, Télécommunications Optiques (GTO), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California, Institut d’Electronique et des Systèmes (IES), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Composants à Nanostructure pour le moyen infrarouge (NANOMIR), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Mirsense, Nanno-INNOV
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Physics ,business.industry ,Random number generation ,Chaotic ,01 natural sciences ,Semiconductor laser theory ,010309 optics ,[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics] ,Cascade ,0103 physical sciences ,Bandwidth (computing) ,Optoelectronics ,Photonics ,010306 general physics ,business ,Quantum well infrared photodetector ,Quantum - Abstract
International audience; We experimentally display temporal chaotic waveforms in the mid-infrared domain with two different types of semiconductor lasers. The generated high-dimensional non-linear dynamics are of prime interest for private communications and physical random number generation.
- Published
- 2021
44. 1.3- <tex-math notation='LaTeX'>$\mu$ </tex-math> m Reflection Insensitive InAs/GaAs Quantum Dot Lasers Directly Grown on Silicon
- Author
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Bozhang Dong, Daehwan Jung, John E. Bowers, Justin Norman, Jianan Duan, Frédéric Grillot, and Heming Huang
- Subjects
Materials science ,genetic structures ,Silicon ,Optical isolator ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,Integrated circuit ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,010309 optics ,Laser linewidth ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business.industry ,Carrier lifetime ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Reflection (mathematics) ,chemistry ,Quantum dot laser ,Modulation ,Optoelectronics ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
This letter reports on a 1.3- $\mu \text{m}$ reflection insensitive transmission with a quantum dot laser directly grown on silicon in the presence of strong optical feedback. These results show a penalty-free transmission at 10 GHz under external modulation with −7.4-dB optical feedback. The feedback insensitivity results from the low linewidth enhancement factor, the high damping, the absence of off-resonance emission states, and the shorter carrier lifetime. This letter paves the way for future on chip high-speed integrated circuits operating without optical isolators.
- Published
- 2019
45. Analysis of the Spontaneous Emission Limited Linewidth of an Integrated III–V/SiN Laser (Laser Photonics Rev. 16(6)/2022)
- Author
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Weng W. Chow, Yating Wan, John E. Bowers, and Frédéric Grillot
- Subjects
Condensed Matter Physics ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials - Published
- 2022
46. Towards a turnkey private communication system using a quantum cascade laser emitting at 4 microns
- Author
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Olivier Spitz, Frédéric Grillot, Laureline Durupt, Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Département Communications & Electronique (COMELEC), Télécom ParisTech, Télécommunications Optiques (GTO), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, and Mirsense, Nanno-INNOV
- Subjects
Physics ,business.industry ,02 engineering and technology ,Chip ,Laser ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,010309 optics ,Wavelength ,[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics] ,020210 optoelectronics & photonics ,Semiconductor ,Band-pass filter ,law ,Cascade ,0103 physical sciences ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Optoelectronics ,business ,Quantum cascade laser ,Quantum ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are optical sources exploiting radiative intersubband transitions within the conduction band of semiconductor heterostructures.1 Mid-infrared QCLs have been thoroughly considered for applications such as spectroscopy,2 free-space communications3 and countermeasure systems.4 Under self-optical feedback, QCLs have been proven to operate in several non-linear dynamic regimes,5 including low-frequency fluctuations and deterministic chaos, which are suitable for private communications taking advantage of both chaos masking and background stealth. However, the previous experiments focused on distributed feedback (DFB) quantum cascade lasers emitting at 5.7 µm, which is not an optimized wavelength for free-space applications. Indeed the atmosphere is characterized by two transparency windows between 3-4 µm and 8-12 µm, which are called bandpass L and bandpass N, respectively.6 Furthermore, the 5.7 µm lasers were studied at the chip level, which means that end users must own the dedicated mounts, connectors and mid-infrared optics in order to take advantage of these quantum cascade sources. This work extends our knowledge by exploring the non- linear dynamics of a packaged Fabry-Perot (FP) QCL emitting at 4 µm. The advantage of the FP configuration is an increased output-power compared to DFB sources, though the FP configuration is not well-known yet.7 Moreover, this laser comes in a handy environment with embedded focusing optics and high-heat load (HHL) packaging for plug-and-play operation. Consequently, the current findings pave the way for off-the-shelf private s at mid-infrared wavelength where high-power and compact turnkey systems are required.
- Published
- 2021
47. Effects of Shockley-Read-Hall recombination on the reflection sensitivity of quantum dot lasers directly grown on silicon
- Author
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Jianan Duan, Bozhang Dong, Frédéric Grillot, and Shiyuan Zhao
- Subjects
Silicon photonics ,Materials science ,Silicon ,business.industry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Integrated circuit ,Laser ,law.invention ,chemistry ,law ,Quantum dot laser ,Optoelectronics ,Photonics ,business ,Lasing threshold ,Quantum well - Abstract
Photonics integrated circuits on silicon are considered as a key technology for data centers and high-performance computers. Owing to the ultimate carrier confinement and reduced sensitivity to crystalline defects, semiconductor quantum dot lasers directly grown on silicon exhibit remarkable properties such as low threshold current, high temperature stability and robust tolerance to external reflections. This latter property is particularly important for achieving large-scale integrated circuits whereby unintentional back-reflections produced by the various passive/active optoelectronic components can hinder the stability of the lasers. In this context, it is known that quantum dot lasers are more resistant to optical feedback than quantum well ones thanks to the low linewidth enhancement factor, the large damping, and the possible absence of upper lasing states. In this work, we theoretically investigate the reflection sensitivity of quantum dot lasers directly grown on silicon by studying the peculiar role of the epitaxial defects, which induce nonradiative recombination through the Shockley-Read-Hall process. By using the Lang and Kobayashi model, we analyze the nonlinear properties of such quantum dot lasers through the bifurcation diagrams and with respect to the nonradiative lifetime. In particular, we show that the increase of the Shockley-Read-Hall recombination shrinks the chaotic region and shifts the first Hopf bifurcation to higher feedback values. We believe that these results can be useful for designing novel feedback resistant lasers for future photonics integrated circuits operating without optical isolator.
- Published
- 2021
48. Intensity noise and modulation dynamic of epitaxial quantum dot semiconductor lasers on silicon
- Author
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Jianan Duan, Justin Norman, Bozhang Dong, Frédéric Grillot, Heming Huang, Shiyuan Zhao, and John E. Bowers
- Subjects
Materials science ,Silicon photonics ,Relative intensity noise ,Quantum dot laser ,Quantum dot ,business.industry ,Photonic integrated circuit ,Optoelectronics ,Spontaneous emission ,business ,Noise (electronics) ,Semiconductor laser theory - Abstract
Quantum dot lasers directly grown on silicon are excellent candidates to achieve energy and cost-efficient optical transceivers thanks to their outstanding properties such as high temperature stability, low threshold lasing operation, and high feedback tolerance. In order to reach even better performance, p-type doping is used to eliminate gain saturation, gain broadening due to hole thermalization and to further reduce the linewidth enhancement factor. Optical transceivers with low relative intensity noise are also highly desired to carry broadband data with low bit-error rate. Indeed, the intensity noise stemming from intrinsic optical phase and frequency fluctuations caused by spontaneous emission and carrier noise degrades the signal-to-noise ratio and the bit-error rate hence setting a limit of a highspeed communication system. This paper constitutes a comprehensive study of the intensity noise properties of epitaxial quantum dot lasers on silicon. Results show minimal values between - 140 dB/Hz and - 150 dB/Hz for doping level between 0 and 20 holes/dot in the active region. In particular, the intensity noise is insensitive to temperature for p-doped QD laser. Modulation properties such as damping, carrier lifetime, and K-factor are also extracted from the noise characteristics and analyzed with respect to the doping level. We also provide numerical insights based on an excitonic model illustrating the effects of the Shockley-Read-Hall recombination on the intensity noise features. These new findings are meaningful for designing high speed and low noise quantum dot devices to be integrated in future photonic integrated circuits.
- Published
- 2021
49. Temperature tolerance of a hybrid III-V/Si distributed feedback semiconductor laser with a large quality factor
- Author
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Sandra Cadavid, Frédéric Grillot, Heming Huang, Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Département Communications & Electronique (COMELEC), Télécom ParisTech, Télécommunications Optiques (GTO), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris
- Subjects
Materials science ,Silicon ,business.industry ,Photonic integrated circuit ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Laser ,7. Clean energy ,law.invention ,Semiconductor laser theory ,[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics] ,Resonator ,Semiconductor ,Transmission (telecommunications) ,chemistry ,law ,Optoelectronics ,business ,Sensitivity (electronics) ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
The sensitivity of a hybrid distributed feedback semiconductor (DFB) laser heterogeneously integrated onto silicon (Si) is extensively characterized in the presence of external optical feedback at different bias and temperature conditions. The unique modal engineering approach of the device allows the light generated in the III-V material to be stored in the low-loss Si region to significantly enhance the quality (Q) factor of the cavity resonator. This design leads to an increased temperature tolerance of the laser without impacting the transmission efficiency even under the most severe feedback conditions. At a temperature of T = 35◦C, the laser continuous to unveil optimal performance and exhibits feedback insensitivity when externally modulated at 10 Gbps transmission over a 10 km fiber coil. The study presented here demonstrates the ability of a high-Q laser to achieve floor-free transmission at different operating conditions with a power penalty degradation no greater than 1.5 dB. The prolonged transition to the coherence collapse regime at a much higher reflection level evidenced by this device when compared to its III-V counterparts in addition to its ability to withstand perturbations associated with temperature variations and unintentional back-reflections delivers a step forward towards isolator-free applications. This work suggest that this type of semiconductor lasers can serve as a promising solution for the development of compact and reliable photonic integrated circuits (PICs).
- Published
- 2021
50. Dynamic and nonlinear properties of epitaxial quantum-dot lasers on silicon operating under long- and short-cavity feedback conditions for photonic integrated circuits
- Author
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Fan-Yi Lin, Frédéric Grillot, Justin Norman, Bozhang Dong, Jun-Da Chen, John E. Bowers, Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Département Communications & Electronique (COMELEC), Télécom ParisTech, Télécommunications Optiques (GTO), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, National Tsing Hua University [Hsinchu] (NTHU), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), and University of California
- Subjects
Physics ,[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,Silicon ,Optical isolator ,business.industry ,Oscillation ,Photonic integrated circuit ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Laser ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,law.invention ,chemistry ,Quantum dot laser ,law ,Quantum dot ,0103 physical sciences ,Optoelectronics ,Photonics ,010306 general physics ,business ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
This work reports on an investigation of the dynamics of $1.3\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\text{m}$ epitaxial quantum dot (QD) lasers on silicon subject to delayed optical feedback. Operating the device under different feedback conditions, we experimentally identify various dynamical states of periodic oscillations. In the long-cavity feedback regime, the device remains chaos-free up to $\ensuremath{\approx}70% (\ensuremath{-}1.55\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{dB})$ feedback strength. This remarkable result is in agreement with prior studies and is attributed to the particular design and properties of the QD-based active region. Shortening the external cavity length to the short-cavity regime being on the scale of photonics integrated circuits (PICs), the onset of periodic oscillations only takes place under extremely high feedback strength, which is much higher than those in PICs. The devices studied exhibit strong resistance to chip-scale back reflections in absence of any unstable oscillation. Our results also demonstrate that p doping is an efficient technique to further improve the feedback tolerance. These results point out the potential of QD lasers as an on-chip light source not requiring an optical isolator and gives insights for developing ultrastable silicon transmitters for PIC applications.
- Published
- 2021
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