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Une interrogation reste d’actualite quant a l’elargissement des missions de l’universite dont sa participation a l’essor economique. La question soulevee dans l’etude menee au sein de plusieurs laboratoires de l’universite Louis Pasteur est relative a l’effet du developpement du financement prive de la recherche sur les activites de creation et de diffusion de connaissances au niveau d’equipes de recherche en « sciences dures ». Sont utilises pour atteindre cet objectif, les concepts de communautes epistemiques et de plateforme cognitive.

This article, which draws on recent literature on organizational communities, raises the question of the coherence of the firm through the analysis of the dialectic interaction between hierarchies and Knowledge-Intensive Communities (KnICs) within the firm. Focusing on the cognitive dimension of the firm, we analyze the matching between hierarchies and KnICs and draw conclusions as to the coherence of the firm. Using two key elements (the frequency of interactions and the intensity of communication between communities), we draw a typology allowing a better understanding of the processes of coordination and knowledge creation within the firm.

La creation de la connaissance dans l’entreprise resulte d’une interaction permanente entre les niveaux individuels et organisationnels constitues au niveau intermediaire de toutes sortes de communautes.

This paper explores the different social structures coexisting within a biology laboratory. This work draws upon an empirical study and the results are analysed using the social network analysis toolbox. We evidence that actors form links between them in order to carry out cognitive activities. Depending on the content of this activity, resulting networks can take different shapes. When dealing with scientific knowledge, actors tend to form an epistemic community, whereas they form a community of practice when they seek to enhance their skills in setting experiments. Moreover, these two structures are connected by means of boundary objects and boundary spanners.

On the basis of the recent concepts of epistemic communities and communities of practice, we show that the firm can be defined according to a form of double duality: cognitive and organisational. The interest of this approach is to put ahead the differentiated behavior from the manager and the entrepreneur inside the firm. It also puts in light the important questions concerning the organisational tensions under the vision of the knowledge-based economies., En partant des concepts récents de communautés épistémiques et de communautés de pratique, nous montrons que l'entreprise peut être définie selon une forme de double dualité : cognitive et organisationnelle. L'intérêt de cette approche est de mettre en avant le comportement différencié du manager et de l'entrepreneur dans l'entreprise. Elle met également en perspective les questions importantes des tensions organisation-nelles sous l'angle de l'économie des connaissances., Créplet Frédéric, Dupouët Olivier, Kern Francis, Munier Francis. Dualité cognitive et organisationnelle de l'entreprise : le rôle différencié du manager et de l'entrepreneur. In: Revue d'économie industrielle, vol. 95, 2e trimestre 2001. pp. 9-22.

A growing number of works in the literature consider the process of production and circulation of knowledge within the firm as is the key determinant of the capability of the organisation to innovate Nonaka and Takeuchi, 1995; Leonard-Barton, 1995; von Krogh, Roos and Kleine, 1998, etc…). It is widely agreed that the “cognitive architecture” of knowledge within the firm (the way knowledge is produced, stored, exchanged, transmitted, retrieved) strongly influences the process of organisational learning, and in turn the innovative process. As Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995) emphasised, the process of creation of knowledge within firms relies on two main dimensions; the first one is the “epistemological dimension”: the critical assumption is that human knowledge is created and expanded through social interaction between tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge (“knowledge conversion”); the second one is the “ontological dimension” which is concerned with the levels of knowledge creating entities (individual, group, organisational and inter-organisational). In line with the assumptions initially made by Argyris and Schon (1978), the organisation supports creative individuals or provides contexts for them to create knowledge.“Organizational knowledge creation therefore should be understood as a process that organizationally amplifies the knowledge created by individuals and crystallizes it as a part of the knowledge network of the organization. This process takes place within an ”expanding community of interaction“ which crosses intra and inter-organizational levels and boundaries”Nonaka and Takeuchi, 1995. emphasised, the process of creation of knowledge within f1rms relies on two main dimensions; the first one is the “epistemological dimension”: the critical assumption is that human knowledge is created and expanded through social interaction between tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge (“knowledge conversion”); the second one is the “ontological dimension” which is concerned with the levels of knowledge creating entities (individual, group, organisational and inter-organisational). In line with the assumptions initially made by Argyris and Schon (1978), the organisation supports creative individuals or provides contexts for them to create knowledge.“Organizational knowledge creation, therefore, should be understood as a process that organizationally amplifies the knowledge created by individuals and crystallizes it as a part ofthe knowledge network of the organization. This process takes place within an ”expanding community of

What does a real estate agent expect to get out of a mobile device? We chose a practical example to illustrate an otherwise dry topic: the necessity of adapting techniques to a new form of information utilization. We start with a reminder of some new configurations that must be taken into account when adapting databases to these mobile devices.