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17. Conclusion

Author

Schröder, Patrick, primary, Anantharaman, Manisha, additional, Anggraeni, Kartika, additional, and Foxon, Timothy J., additional

Published
2019
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18. Introduction

Author

Schröder, Patrick, primary, Anantharaman, Manisha, additional, Anggraeni, Kartika, additional, Foxon, Timothy J., additional, and Barber, Jeffrey, additional

Published
2019
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19. Spin Networks, Turaev-Viro Theory and the Loop Representation

Author

Foxon, Timothy J.

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract

We investigate the Ponzano-Regge and Turaev-Viro topological field theories using spin networks and their $q$-deformed analogues. I propose a new description of the state space for the Turaev-Viro theory in terms of skein space, to which $q$-spin networks belong, and give a similar description of the Ponzano-Regge state space using spin networks. I give a definition of the inner product on the skein space and show that this corresponds to the topological inner product, defined as the manifold invariant for the union of two 3-manifolds. Finally, we look at the relation with the loop representation of quantum general relativity, due to Rovelli and Smolin, and suggest that the above inner product may define an inner product on the loop state space., Comment: 19 pages in Plain TeX, DAMTP-R-94/30

Published
1994
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20. Systems thinking and efficiency under emissions constraints: Addressing rebound effects in digital innovation and policy

Author

Widdicks, Kelly, primary, Lucivero, Federica, additional, Samuel, Gabrielle, additional, Croxatto, Lucas Somavilla, additional, Smith, Marcia Tavares, additional, Holter, Carolyn Ten, additional, Berners-Lee, Mike, additional, Blair, Gordon S., additional, Jirotka, Marina, additional, Knowles, Bran, additional, Sorrell, Steven, additional, Rivera, Miriam Börjesson, additional, Cook, Caroline, additional, Coroamă, Vlad C., additional, Foxon, Timothy J., additional, Hardy, Jeffrey, additional, Hilty, Lorenz M., additional, Hinterholzer, Simon, additional, and Penzenstadler, Birgit, additional

Published
2023
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21. Systems thinking and efficiency under emissions constraints : Addressing rebound effects in digital innovation and policy

Author

Widdicks, Kelly, Lucivero, Federica, Samuel, Gabrielle, Croxatto, Lucas Somavilla, Smith, Marcia Tavares, Ten Holter, Carolyn, Berners-Lee, Mike, Blair, Gordon S., Jirotka, Marina, Knowles, Bran, Sorrell, Steven, Börjesson Rivera, Miriam, Cook, Caroline, Coroama, Vlad C., Foxon, Timothy J., Hardy, Jeffrey, Hilty, Lorenz M., Hinterholzer, Simon, Penzenstadler, Birgit, Widdicks, Kelly, Lucivero, Federica, Samuel, Gabrielle, Croxatto, Lucas Somavilla, Smith, Marcia Tavares, Ten Holter, Carolyn, Berners-Lee, Mike, Blair, Gordon S., Jirotka, Marina, Knowles, Bran, Sorrell, Steven, Börjesson Rivera, Miriam, Cook, Caroline, Coroama, Vlad C., Foxon, Timothy J., Hardy, Jeffrey, Hilty, Lorenz M., Hinterholzer, Simon, and Penzenstadler, Birgit

Abstract

Innovations and efficiencies in digital technology have lately been depicted as paramount in the green transition to enable the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, both in the information and communica-tion technology (ICT) sector and the wider economy. This, however, fails to adequately account for rebound effects that can offset emission savings and, in the worst case, increase emissions. In this perspective, we draw on a transdisciplinary workshop with 19 experts from carbon accounting, digital sustainability research, ethics, sociology, public policy, and sustainable business to expose the chal-lenges of addressing rebound effects in digital innovation processes and associated policy. We utilize a responsible innovation approach to uncover potential ways forward for incorporating rebound effects in these domains, concluding that addressing ICT-related rebound effects ultimately requires a shift from an ICT efficiency-centered perspective to a "systems thinking"model, which aims to understand efficiency as one solution among others that requires constraints on emissions for ICT environmental savings to be realized.

Published
2023
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22. Systems Thinking and Efficiency under Emissions Constraints:Addressing Rebound Effects in Digital Innovation and Policy

Author

Widdicks, Kelly, Lucivero, Federica, Samuel, Gabrielle, Somavilla Croxatto, Lucas, Smith, Marcia Tavares, Ten Holter, Carolyn, Berners-Lee, Mike, Blair, Gordon, Jirotka, Marina, Knowles, Bran, Sorrell, Steven, Börjesson Rivera, Miriam, Cook, Caroline, Coroamă, Vlad C., Foxon, Timothy J., Hardy, Jeffrey, Hilty, Lorenz M., Hinterholzer, Simon, Penzenstadler, Birgit, Widdicks, Kelly, Lucivero, Federica, Samuel, Gabrielle, Somavilla Croxatto, Lucas, Smith, Marcia Tavares, Ten Holter, Carolyn, Berners-Lee, Mike, Blair, Gordon, Jirotka, Marina, Knowles, Bran, Sorrell, Steven, Börjesson Rivera, Miriam, Cook, Caroline, Coroamă, Vlad C., Foxon, Timothy J., Hardy, Jeffrey, Hilty, Lorenz M., Hinterholzer, Simon, and Penzenstadler, Birgit

Abstract

Innovations and efficiencies in digital technology have lately been depicted as paramount in the green transition to enable the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, both in the information and communication technology (ICT) sector and the wider economy. This, however, fails to adequately account for rebound effects that can offset emission savings and, in the worst case, increase emissions. In this perspective, we draw on a transdisciplinary workshop with 19 experts from carbon accounting, digital sustainability research, ethics, sociology, public policy, and sustainable business to expose the challenges of addressing rebound effects in digital innovation processes and associated policy. We utilize a responsible innovation approach to uncover potential ways forward for incorporating rebound effects in these domains, concluding that addressing ICT-related rebound effects ultimately requires a shift from an ICT efficiency-centered perspective to a “systems thinking” model, which aims to understand efficiency as one solution among others that requires constraints on emissions for ICT environmental savings to be realized.

Published
2023

45. Drivers and effects of digitalization on energy demand in low-carbon scenarios.

Author

Bergman, Noam and Foxon, Timothy J.

Subjects
*ENERGY consumption, *HOME energy use, *DIGITAL technology, *INFORMATION & communication technologies, *RENEWABLE energy transition (Government policy)
Abstract

The world is currently facing two socio-technical transitions: shifting to a low-carbon society, and a digital revolution. Despite some claims to the contrary, evidence suggests that spread and adoption of information and communication technology (ICT) does not automatically lead to reduction in energy demand, if this stimulates new energy-using practices or wider economic growth. Despite this policy challenge, the two transitions are often considered separately. This study examines potential drivers of reductions or increases in energy demand due to digitalization identified in recent leading global and UK net-zero transitions scenarios. We analyse the scenarios in terms of effects of digitalization on energy demand by identifying specific direct effects of ICT; indirect and rebound effects in transport and home energy use; and wider effects via economic growth. This analysis implies that the future pathways adopted for digitalization will have a significant impact on future energy demand and hence on the feasibility and acceptability of achieving net-zero goals. We find there are different assumptions and development pathways between scenarios. We also identify a need for better inclusion of behavioural effects and other social science understanding in scenarios on the one hand, and recognition that policy can affect digitalization pathways on the other. Overall, our work suggests opportunities for further research and potential for improving policy interactions between these two transitions, and stimulating greater public debate on the different framings for an ICT-driven low-carbon transition. Key policy insights Modelling and scenario development of low-carbon pathways need to pay more attention to drivers of energy demand, including direct and indirect effects of digitalization. Social science understanding of the behavioural change effects of digitalization needs to be considered in assessing energy demand changes. Different pathways of digitalization result from individual and collective choices, including technology development, business models and data protection. Policy makers should seek to promote pathways that deliver social wellbeing and local environmental benefits, not just economic gains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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