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1. Mega‐analysis of the brain‐age gap in substance use disorder: An ENIGMA Addiction working group study.

Author

Scheffler, Freda, Ipser, Jonathan, Pancholi, Devarshi, Murphy, Alistair, Cao, Zhipeng, Ottino‐González, Jonatan, Batalla, A., Brady, K. T., Cousijn, J., Dagher, A., Filbey, F. M., Foxe, J. J., Garza‐Villarreal, E. A., Goudriaan, A. E., Hester, R. H., Hutchison, K. E., Kaag, A. M., Kroon, E., Li, C. R., and London, E. D.

Subjects
BRAIN physiology, SUBSTANCE abuse, CROSS-sectional method, RESEARCH funding, MAGNETIC resonance imaging, AMPHETAMINES, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, WORLD health, ALCOHOL-induced disorders, MACHINE learning, NEURORADIOLOGY, ALGORITHMS, DISEASE complications
Abstract

Background and Aims: The brain age gap (BAG), calculated as the difference between a machine learning model‐based predicted brain age and chronological age, has been increasingly investigated in psychiatric disorders. Tobacco and alcohol use are associated with increased BAG; however, no studies have compared global and regional BAG across substances other than alcohol and tobacco. This study aimed to compare global and regional estimates of brain age in individuals with substance use disorders and healthy controls. Design: This was a cross‐sectional study. Setting: This is an Enhancing Neuro Imaging through Meta‐Analysis Consortium (ENIGMA) Addiction Working Group study including data from 38 global sites. Participants: This study included 2606 participants, of whom 1725 were cases with a substance use disorder and 881 healthy controls. Measurements: This study used the Kaufmann brain age prediction algorithms to generate global and regional brain age estimates using T1 weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. We used linear mixed effects models to compare global and regional (FreeSurfer lobestrict output) BAG (i.e. predicted minus chronological age) between individuals with one of five primary substance use disorders as well as healthy controls. Findings Alcohol use disorder (β = −5.49, t = −5.51, p < 0.001) was associated with higher global BAG, whereas amphetamine‐type stimulant use disorder (β = 3.44, t = 2.42, p = 0.02) was associated with lower global BAG in the separate substance‐specific models. Conclusions: People with alcohol use disorder appear to have a higher brain‐age gap than people without alcohol use disorder, which is consistent with other evidence of the negative impact of alcohol on the brain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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13. Baseline brain function in the preadolescents of the ABCD Study

Author

Chaarani, B., Hahn, S., Allgaier, N., Adise, S., Owens, M. M., Juliano, A. C., Yuan, D. K., Loso, H., Ivanciu, A., Albaugh, M. D., Dumas, J., Mackey, S., Laurent, J., Ivanova, M., Hagler, D. J., Cornejo, M. D., Hatton, S., Agrawal, A., Aguinaldo, L., Ahonen, L., Aklin, W., Anokhin, A. P., Arroyo, J., Avenevoli, S., Babcock, D., Bagot, K., Baker, F. C., Banich, M. T., Barch, D. M., Bartsch, H., Baskin-Sommers, A., Bjork, J. M., Blachman-Demner, D., Bloch, M., Bogdan, R., Bookheimer, S. Y., Breslin, F., Brown, S., Calabro, F. J., Calhoun, V., Casey, B. J., Chang, L., Clark, D. B., Cloak, C., Constable, R. T., Constable, K., Corley, R., Cottler, L. B., Coxe, S., Dagher, R. K., Dale, A. M., Dapretto, M., Delcarmen-Wiggins, R., Dick, A. S., Do, E. K., Dosenbach, N. U. F., Dowling, G. J., Edwards, S., Ernst, T. M., Fair, D. A., Fan, C. C., Feczko, E., Feldstein-Ewing, S. W., Florsheim, P., Foxe, J. J., Freedman, E. G., Friedman, N. P., Friedman-Hill, S., Fuemmeler, B. F., Galvan, A., Gee, D. G., Giedd, J., Glantz, M., Glaser, P., Godino, J., Gonzalez, M., Gonzalez, R., Grant, S., Gray, K. M., Haist, F., Harms, M. P., Hawes, S., Heath, A. C., Heeringa, S., Heitzeg, M. M., Hermosillo, R., Herting, M. M., Hettema, J. M., Hewitt, J. K., Heyser, C., Hoffman, E., Howlett, K., Huber, R. S., Huestis, M. A., Hyde, L. W., Iacono, W. G., Infante, M. A., Irfanoglu, O., Isaiah, A., Iyengar, S., Jacobus, J., James, R., Jean-Francois, B., Jernigan, T., Karcher, N. R., Kaufman, A., Kelley, B., Kit, B., Ksinan, A., Kuperman, J., Laird, A. R., Larson, C., LeBlanc, K., Lessov-Schlagger, C., Lever, N., Lewis, D. A., Lisdahl, K., Little, A. R., Lopez, M., Luciana, M., Luna, B., Madden, P. A., Maes, H. H., Makowski, C., Marshall, A. T., Mason, M. J., Matochik, J., McCandliss, B. D., McGlade, E., Montoya, I., Morgan, G., Morris, A., Mulford, C., Murray, P., Nagel, B. J., Neale, M. C., Neigh, G., Nencka, A., Noronha, A., Nixon, S. J., Palmer, C. E., Pariyadath, V., Paulus, M. P., Pelham, W. E., Pfefferbaum, D., Pierpaoli, C., Prescot, A., Prouty, D., Puttler, L. I., Rajapaske, N., Rapuano, K. M., Reeves, G., Renshaw, P. F., Riedel, M. C., Rojas, P., de la Rosa, M., Rosenberg, M. D., Ross, M. J., Sanchez, M., Schirda, C., Schloesser, D., Schulenberg, J., Sher, K. J., Sheth, C., Shilling, P. D., Simmons, W. K., Sowell, E. R., Speer, N., Spittel, M., Squeglia, L. M., Sripada, C., Steinberg, J., Striley, C., Sutherland, M. T., Tanabe, J., Tapert, S. F., Thompson, W., Tomko, R. L., Uban, K. A., Vrieze, S., Wade, N. E., Watts, R., Weiss, S., Wiens, B. A., Williams, O. D., Wilbur, A., Wing, D., Wolff-Hughes, D., Yang, R., Yurgelun-Todd, D. A., Zucker, R. A., Potter, A., and Garavan, H. P.

Abstract

The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study®is a 10-year longitudinal study of children recruited at ages 9 and 10. A battery of neuroimaging tasks are administered biennially to track neurodevelopment and identify individual differences in brain function. This study reports activation patterns from functional MRI (fMRI) tasks completed at baseline, which were designed to measure cognitive impulse control with a stop signal task (SST; N= 5,547), reward anticipation and receipt with a monetary incentive delay (MID) task (N= 6,657) and working memory and emotion reactivity with an emotional N-back (EN-back) task (N= 6,009). Further, we report the spatial reproducibility of activation patterns by assessing between-group vertex/voxelwise correlations of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activation. Analyses reveal robust brain activations that are consistent with the published literature, vary across fMRI tasks/contrasts and slightly correlate with individual behavioral performance on the tasks. These results establish the preadolescent brain function baseline, guide interpretation of cross-sectional analyses and will enable the investigation of longitudinal changes during adolescent development.

Published
2021
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14. Direct and indirect effects of attention and visual function on gait impairment in Parkinson's disease: Influence of task and turning

Author

Stuart, S., Galna, B., Delicato, L.S., Lord, S., Rochester, L., Foxe, J., Stuart, S., Galna, B., Delicato, L.S., Lord, S., Rochester, L., and Foxe, J.

Abstract

Gait impairment is a core feature of Parkinson's disease (PD) which has been linked to cognitive and visual deficits, but interactions between these features are poorly understood. Monitoring saccades allows investigation of real-time cognitive and visual processes and their impact on gait when walking. This study explored: (i) saccade frequency when walking under different attentional manipulations of turning and dual-task; and (ii) direct and indirect relationships between saccades, gait impairment, vision and attention. Saccade frequency (number of fast eye movements per-second) was measured during gait in 60 PD and 40 age-matched control participants using a mobile eye-tracker. Saccade frequency was significantly reduced in PD compared to controls during all conditions. However, saccade frequency increased with a turn and decreased under dual-task for both groups. Poorer attention directly related to saccade frequency, visual function and gait impairment in PD, but not controls. Saccade frequency did not directly relate to gait in PD, but did in controls. Instead, saccade frequency and visual function deficit indirectly impacted gait impairment in PD, which was underpinned by their relationship with attention. In conclusion, our results suggest a vital role for attention with direct and indirect influences on gait impairment in PD. Attention directly impacted saccade frequency, visual function and gait impairment in PD, with connotations for falls. It also underpinned indirect impact of visual and saccadic impairment on gait. Attention therefore represents a key therapeutic target that should be considered in future research.

Published
2017

15. Effects of acute tryptophan depletion on central processing of CT-targeted and discriminatory touch in humans

Author

Foxe, J, Trotter, PD, McGlone, F, McKie, S, McFarquhar, M, Elliott, R, Walker, SC, Deakin, JFW, Foxe, J, Trotter, PD, McGlone, F, McKie, S, McFarquhar, M, Elliott, R, Walker, SC, and Deakin, JFW

Abstract

C-tactile afferents (CTs) are slowly conducting nerve fibres, present only in hairy skin. They are optimally activated by slow, gentle stroking touch, such as those experienced during a caress. CT stimulation activates affective processing brain regions, alluding to their role in affective touch perception. We tested a theory that CT-activating touch engages the pro-social functions of serotonin, by determining whether reducing serotonin, through acute tryptophan depletion, diminishes subjective pleasantness and affective brain responses to gentle touch. A tryptophan depleting amino acid drink was administered to 16 healthy females, with a further 14 receiving a control drink. After 4 h, participants underwent an fMRI scan, during which time CT-innervated forearm skin and CT non-innervated finger skin was stroked with three brushes of differing texture, at CT-optimal force and velocity. Pleasantness ratings were obtained post scanning. The control group showed a greater response in ipsilateral orbitofrontal cortex to CT-activating forearm touch compared to touch to the finger where CTs are absent. This differential response was not present in the tryptophan depleted group. This interaction effect was significant. In addition, control participants showed a differential primary somatosensory cortex response to brush texture applied to the finger, a purely discriminatory touch response, which was not observed in the tryptophan depleted group. This interaction effect was also significant. Pleasantness ratings were similar across treatment groups. These results implicate serotonin in the differentiation between CT-activating and purely discriminatory touch responses. Such effects could contribute to some of the social abnormalities seen in psychiatric disorders associated with abnormal serotonin function.

Published
2016

20. Effects of ZNF804A on auditory P300 response in schizophrenia

Author

O'Donoghue, T, primary, Morris, D W, additional, Fahey, C, additional, Da Costa, A, additional, Moore, S, additional, Cummings, E, additional, Leicht, G, additional, Karch, S, additional, Hoerold, D, additional, Tropea, D, additional, Foxe, J J, additional, Gill, M, additional, Corvin, A, additional, and Donohoe, G, additional

Published
2014
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48. Objects Are Highlighted by Spatial Attention

Author

Martínez, A., primary, Teder-Sälejärvi, W., additional, Vazquez, M., additional, Molholm, S., additional, Foxe, J. J., additional, Javitt, D. C., additional, Di Russo, F., additional, Worden, M. S., additional, and Hillyard, S. A., additional

Published
2006
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