1. Topical and transdermal delivery of L-carnitine
- Author
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Fox, L.T., Gerber, M., Grobler, A., Du Preez, J.L., Du Plessis, J., 11008857 - Grobler, Anne Frederica, 12815268 - Fox, Lizelle Trifena, 11329025 - Gerber, Minja, 10065318 - Du Plessis, Jeanetta, and 10060510 - Du Preez, Jan Lourens
- Subjects
topical delivery ,integumentary system ,skin aging ,Pheroid™ ,L-carnitine L-tartrate - Abstract
Background: The two types of skin aging (intrinsic and extrinsic) share important molecular features, while having distinct differences on the macromolecular level: both lead to increased production of reactive oxygen species, enhanced matrix metalloproteinase expression and decreased procollagen synthesis. L-Carnitine L-tartrate has been reported to have anti-aging effects. Aim and Methods: The delivery as well as the transport of L-carnitine to the target sites, i.e. stratum corneum and epidermis-dermis of female abdominal skin, with and without the use of Pheroid™ as delivery system, were investigated during this study by use of Franz diffusion cells and analysed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. The presence of endogenous L-carnitine in human skin was also investigated. Results and Conclusion: The Pheroid™ delivery system enhanced the diffusion of L-carnitine through the skin, although the phosphate buffer solution (PBS) showed a higher concentration of the active agent in the skin layers. This could be because Pheroid, being more lipophilic than PBS, improved the diffusion of L-carnitine through the skin layers, consequently leading to a lesser amount of L-carnitine delivered to the target site, i.e. the epidermis-dermis. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000330385 Journal of pharmacological and biophysical research
- Published
- 2011