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2. Tiny but Mighty: Vipera ammodytes meridionalis (Eastern Long-Nosed Viper) Ontogenetic Venom Variations in Procoagulant Potency and the Impact on Antivenom Efficacies.

Author

Qiao, Zichen, Jones, Lee, Bourke, Lachlan A., Seneci, Lorenzo, Chowdhury, Abhinandan, Violette, Aude, Fourmy, Rudy, Soria, Raul, Aldridge, Matt, and Fry, Bryan G.

Subjects
POISONOUS snakes, ENZYME activation, ANTIVENINS, ZYMOGENS, ENZYME inhibitors, VENOM
Abstract

The Eastern Long-Nosed Viper (Vipera ammodytes meridionalis) is considered one of the most venomous snakes in Europe. However, it is unknown whether ontogenetic variation in venom effects occurs in this subspecies and how this may impact antivenom efficacy. In this study, we compared the procoagulant activities of V. a. meridionalis venom on human plasma between neonate and adult venom phenotypes. We also examined the efficacy of three antivenoms—Viperfav, ViperaTAb, and Inoserp Europe—across our neonate and adult venom samples. While both neonate and adult V. a. meridionalis venoms produced procoagulant effects, the effects produced by neonate venom were more potent. Consistent with this, neonate venom was a stronger activator of blood-clotting zymogens, converting them into their active forms, with a rank order of Factor X >> Factor VII > Factor XII. Conversely, the less potent adult venom had a rank order of FXII marginally more activated than Factor VII, and both much more so than Factor X. This adds to the growing body of evidence that activation of factors besides FII (prothrombin) and FX are significant variables in reptile venom-induced coagulopathy. Although all three examined antivenoms displayed effective neutralization of both neonate and adult V. a. meridionalis venoms, they generally showed higher efficacy on adult venom than on neonate venom. The ranking of antivenom efficacy against neonate venom, from the most effective to the least effective, were Viperfav, Inoserp Europe, ViperaTAb; for adult venom, the ranking was Inoserp Europe, Viperfav, ViperaTAb. Our data reveal ontogenetic variation in V. a meridionalis, but this difference may not be of clinical concern as antivenom was effective at neutralizing both adult and neonate venom phenotypes. Regardless, our results highlight a previously undocumented ontogenetic shift, likely driven by the documented difference in prey preference observed for this species across age classes [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. A Venomics Approach Coupled to High-Throughput Toxin Production Strategies Identifies the First Venom-Derived Melanocortin Receptor Agonists

Author

Reynaud, Steve, primary, Ciolek, Justyna, additional, Degueldre, Michel, additional, Saez, Natalie J., additional, Sequeira, Ana Filipa, additional, Duhoo, Yoan, additional, Brás, Joana L. A., additional, Meudal, Hervé, additional, Cabo Díez, Miguel, additional, Fernández Pedrosa, Victoria, additional, Verdenaud, Marion, additional, Boeri, Julia, additional, Pereira Ramos, Oscar, additional, Ducancel, Frédéric, additional, Vanden Driessche, Margot, additional, Fourmy, Rudy, additional, Violette, Aude, additional, Upert, Grégory, additional, Mourier, Gilles, additional, Beck-Sickinger, Annette G., additional, Mörl, Karin, additional, Landon, Céline, additional, Fontes, Carlos M. G. A., additional, Miñambres Herráiz, Rebeca, additional, Rodríguez de la Vega, Ricardo C., additional, Peigneur, Steve, additional, Tytgat, Jan, additional, Quinton, Loïc, additional, De Pauw, Edwin, additional, Vincentelli, Renaud, additional, Servent, Denis, additional, and Gilles, Nicolas, additional

Published
2020
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8. Factor X activating Atractaspis snake venoms and the relative coagulotoxicity neutralising efficacy of African antivenoms

Author

Oulion, Brice, primary, Dobson, James S., additional, Zdenek, Christina N., additional, Arbuckle, Kevin, additional, Lister, Callum, additional, Coimbra, Francisco C.P., additional, op den Brouw, Bianca, additional, Debono, Jordan, additional, Rogalski, Aymeric, additional, Violette, Aude, additional, Fourmy, Rudy, additional, Frank, Nathaniel, additional, and Fry, Bryan G., additional

Published
2018
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9. Enter the Dragon: The Dynamic and Multifunctional Evolution of Anguimorpha Lizard Venoms

Author

Koludarov, Ivan, primary, Jackson, Timothy NW, additional, Brouw, Bianca op den, additional, Dobson, James, additional, Dashevsky, Daniel, additional, Arbuckle, Kevin, additional, Clemente, Christofer J., additional, Stockdale, Edward J., additional, Cochran, Chip, additional, Debono, Jordan, additional, Stephens, Carson, additional, Panagides, Nadya, additional, Li, Bin, additional, Manchadi, Mary-Louise Roy, additional, Violette, Aude, additional, Fourmy, Rudy, additional, Hendrikx, Iwan, additional, Nouwens, Amanda, additional, Clements, Judith, additional, Martelli, Paolo, additional, Kwok, Hang Fai, additional, and Fry, Bryan G., additional

Published
2017
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