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2. Global governance through voluntary sustainability standards: Developments, trends and challenges.

Author

Marx, Axel, Depoorter, Charline, Fernandez de Cordoba, Santiago, Verma, Rupal, Araoz, Mercedes, Auld, Graeme, Bemelmans, Janne, Bennett, Elizabeth A., Boonaert, Eva, Brandi, Clara, Dietz, Thomas, Fouilleux, Eve, Grabs, Janina, Gulbrandsen, Lars H., Harrison, James, Heilmayr, Robert, Hernandez, Ariel, Hoekman, Bernard, Lambert, Siti Rubiah, and Lambin, Eric

Subjects
GLOBAL value chains, SUSTAINABILITY, SUSTAINABLE development, VALUE chains, INTERNATIONAL organization
Abstract

Voluntary Sustainability Standards (VSS) are transnational governance instruments that can be leveraged to pursue sustainable development in global value chains. They have proliferated since the 1990s in terms of their number and the share of global production they govern. This paper shares some key insights arising from the considerable body of literature that has analysed the role of these instruments for sustainable production and trade. First, it introduces VSS, traces the evolution of their adoption and takes stock of the research on their sustainability impacts. Next, some major developments in the VSS realm are discussed, related to public policy and the emergence of national sustainability standards. The paper then zooms in on the challenges and limitations of VSS in transforming value chains towards sustainability, focusing on the shortcomings related to inclusiveness and the problems arising from their proliferation. The paper concludes by distilling recommendations on overcoming these challenges, especially in light of recent policy developments, and outlines what different stakeholders can do to make VSS more effective and inclusive instruments for sustainable value chains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
Full Text
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12. Moving beyond pesticides: Exploring alternatives for a changing food system [Editorial]

Author

Goulet, Frédéric, Aulagnier, Alexis, and Fouilleux, Eve

Abstract

This introductory article to the special issue contributes to ongoing debates on pesticides in agriculture by focusing on their alternatives. Through a literature review, we explore the pluralism of those alternatives and the socio-political processes that support or hinder their expansion. The first section examines the obstacles encountered by public policies aimed at reducing pesticide use. Resistances are both external to public decision-making, i.e. agricultural players, agrochemical firms, and internal, related to the existing regulatory mechanisms, including the scientific expertise used to assess risks. The second section introduces the two main families of alternatives to pesticides, and their respective political and scientific underpinnings. On the one hand, solutions based on substitution through alternative technologies, such as biocontrol. On the other hand, solutions based on the systemic redesign of agricultural systems, such as organic farming or agroecology. The third section presents the contributions that make up this special issue. We highlight the political work carried out at the interface between policies, expertise and markets in order to legitimise one or the other alternative. Beyond a strictly technological approach, the papers stress the importance of considering the diversity of components, stakeholders and processes involved at the whole food system level. Farmers and practitioners make complex production choices and trade-offs. These decisions are influenced by policies and upstream companies, which offer inputs or plant health diagnostic technologies, and by downstream actors, i.e.processors, retailers and policymakers, who shape the markets for pesticide-free food. The approach we propose here calls for a fresh sociological look at policymaking and expertise involved in identifying and dealing with pesticides issues.

Published
2023

14. Moving beyond pesticides: Exploring alternatives for a changing food system.

Author

Goulet, Frédéric, Aulagnier, Alexis, and Fouilleux, Eve

Subjects
PESTICIDES, ALTERNATIVE agriculture, LITERATURE reviews, ORGANIC farming, AGRICULTURE, APPROPRIATE technology, PLANT health
Abstract

This introductory article to the special issue contributes to ongoing debates on pesticides in agriculture by focusing on their alternatives. Through a literature review, we explore the pluralism of those alternatives and the socio-political processes that support or hinder their expansion. The first section examines the obstacles encountered by public policies aimed at reducing pesticide use. Resistances are both external to public decision-making, i.e. agricultural players, agrochemical firms, and internal, related to the existing regulatory mechanisms, including the scientific expertise used to assess risks. The second section introduces the two main families of alternatives to pesticides, and their respective political and scientific underpinnings. On the one hand, solutions based on substitution through alternative technologies, such as biocontrol. On the other hand, solutions based on the systemic redesign of agricultural systems, such as organic farming or agroecology. The third section presents the contributions that make up this special issue. We highlight the political work carried out at the interface between policies, expertise and markets in order to legitimise one or the other alternative. Beyond a strictly technological approach, the papers stress the importance of considering the diversity of components, stakeholders and processes involved at the whole food system level. Farmers and practitioners make complex production choices and trade-offs. These decisions are influenced by policies and upstream companies, which offer inputs or plant health diagnostic technologies, and by downstream actors, i.e.processors, retailers and policymakers, who shape the markets for pesticide-free food. The approach we propose here calls for a fresh sociological look at policymaking and expertise involved in identifying and dealing with pesticides issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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23. A construção das políticas públicas globais

Author

Fouilleux, Eve, Perez, Isabelle, Osmany Porto De Oliveira, Patrick Hassenteufel, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Sciences, Innovations, Sociétés (LISIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Gustave Eiffel, Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) (UMR MoISA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
[SHS.SCIPO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science, [SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021

24. Produire plus pour nourrir le monde. Processus et enjeux politiques de la construction d'un mot d'ordre global

Author

Fouilleux, Eve, Bricas, Nicolas, Alpha, Arlène, Perez, Isabelle, Antoine Bernard De Raymond, Delphine Thivet, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Sciences, Innovations, Sociétés (LISIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Gustave Eiffel, Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) (UMR MoISA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), and Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
[QFIN]Quantitative Finance [q-fin], [SHS.SCIPO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science, [SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [QFIN] Quantitative Finance [q-fin]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021

25. Climat et biodiversité : « Les petits pas de la politique agricole commune ne suffisent plus » [Tribune au journal Le Monde]

Author

Fouilleux, Eve, Baudry, Jacques, Desquilbet, Marion, Sirami, Clélia, Perez, Isabelle, and Le Monde

Subjects
[SHS.ENVIR] Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, [SHS.SCIPO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science
Abstract

Alors que la nouvelle PAC est discutée à Bruxelles, un collectif de plus de 700 scientifiques de la recherche publique alerte, dans une tribune au « Monde », sur les « conséquences catastrophiques » d’un manque d’ambition en matière d’agroécologie.

Published
2021

26. The big waste? The Common Agricultural Policy. Section 9.2. 'The Common Agricultural Policy: an environmental, social and sanitary failure'

Author

Fouilleux, Eve, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Sciences, Innovations, Sociétés (LISIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Gustave Eiffel, Hubert Zimmermann, Andreas Dür, and Perez, Isabelle

Subjects
[SHS.SCIPO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021

27. Une définition politique 'globale'. La FAO et l'agroécologie

Author

Loconto, Allison M., Fouilleux, Eve, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Sciences, Innovations, Sociétés (LISIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Gustave Eiffel, Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) (UMR MoISA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Bernard Hubert, Denis Couvet, Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Perez, Isabelle

Subjects
Agriculture durable, Transition écologique, France, Politique agricole, Agrométéorologie, [SHS.SCIPO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science, [SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science, Ecologie agricole
Abstract

International audience; Le déploiement en France de l'agroécologie est l'une de priorités de la loi d'avenir pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et la forêt de 2014. Les membres de l'Académie d'Agriculture de France et de nombreux collègues s'appuyant sur les premières réflexions d'un groupe de travail se sont interrogés sur les conditions et les solutions pour réussir ce déploiement. Après un rapide tour d'horizon sur le développement de l'agroécologie dans d'autres continents, les réflexions et les propositions rassemblées dans cet ouvrage sont fondées sur la contribution des sciences agronomiques, écologiques, économiques et sociales ainsi que sur des analyses et témoignages issus du terrain. Elles s'adressent aux enseignants, aux étudiants, aux agents de développement, aux professionnels comme aux décideurs politiques, soucieux de la mise en œuvre d'une transition agroécologique mieux à même de faire face au changement climatique, à l'érosion de la biodiversité, ainsi qu'aux attentes des consommateurs pour une alimentation saine et diversifiée.

Published
2021

28. Why do large-scale agricultural investments induce different socio-economic, food security, and environmental impacts? Evidence from Kenya, Madagascar, and Mozambique

Author

Oberlack, Christoph, Giger, Markus, Anseeuw, Ward, Adelle, Camilla, Bourblanc, Magalie, Burnod, Perrine, Eckert, Sandra, Fitawek, Wegayehu, Fouilleux, Eve, Hendriks, Sheryl, Kiteme, Boniface, Masola, Livhuwani, Mawoko, Zaka Diana, Mercandalli, Sara, Reys, Aurélien, Da Silva, Maya, Van Der Laan, Michael, Zaehringer, Julie G., Messerli, Peter, Oberlack, Christoph, Giger, Markus, Anseeuw, Ward, Adelle, Camilla, Bourblanc, Magalie, Burnod, Perrine, Eckert, Sandra, Fitawek, Wegayehu, Fouilleux, Eve, Hendriks, Sheryl, Kiteme, Boniface, Masola, Livhuwani, Mawoko, Zaka Diana, Mercandalli, Sara, Reys, Aurélien, Da Silva, Maya, Van Der Laan, Michael, Zaehringer, Julie G., and Messerli, Peter

Abstract

Large-scale agricultural investments (LAIs) transform land use systems worldwide. There is, however, limited understanding about how the common global drivers of land use change induce different forms of agricultural investment and produce different impacts on the ground. This article provides a cross-country comparative analysis of how differences in business models, land use changes, and governance systems explain differences in socio-economic, food security, and environmental impacts of LAIs in Kenya, Madagascar, and Mozambique. It brings together results on these aspects generated in the AFGROLAND project that collected data in a multi-method approach via household surveys, business model surveys, semi-structured household interviews, life-cycle assessments of farm production, analysis of remote-sensing data, key informant interviews, and document analysis. For the present project synthesis, we combined a collaborative expert workshop with a comparative analysis of 16 LAIs. The results show that the LAIs follow four distinctive impact patterns, ranging from widespread adverse impacts to moderate impacts. Results demonstrate how the following conditions influence how the global drivers of land use change translate into different LAIs and different impacts on the ground: labor intensity, prior land use, utilization of land, farm size, type of production, experience in local agriculture, land tenure security, accountability of state and local elites, the mobilization capacity of civil society, expansion of resource frontiers, agricultural intensification, and indirect land use change. The results indicate that commercial agriculture can be a component in sustainable development strategies under certain conditions, but that these strategies will fail without substantial, sustained increases in the economic viability and inclusiveness of smallholder agriculture, land tenure security, agro-ecological land management, and support for broader patterns of endogenous agra

Published
2021

29. Institutional innovations for organic agriculture in Africa

Author

Loconto, Allison, Fouilleux, Eve, Bendjebbar, Pauline, Lemeilleur, Sylvaine, Alpha, Arlène, Loconto, Allison, Fouilleux, Eve, Bendjebbar, Pauline, Lemeilleur, Sylvaine, and Alpha, Arlène

Abstract

What are the main drivers and bottlenecks that shape the development of the organic sector in Africa? Which factors can support an organic transition in Africa? In this paper, we hypothesize that in order to scale up organic agriculture, food system actors must engage not only in technological innovations in production and processing, but also in institutional innovations. A change in scale means here an increased geographical presence and organizational capacity, distributed and autonomous activities, and a strong movement to share experiences across Africa. By institutional innovations, we mean new rules of exchange for fair and inclusive markets, new technologies and practices to guarantee organic quality, and innovative public policies. Based on three national cases (Uganda, Tanzania, Morocco), we propose a methodology to explore the potential synergies among these three types of institutional innovation

Published
2021

30. Quand les acteurs privés s’emparent de la régulation politique. ONG et industriels dans la globalisation

Author

Fouilleux, Eve, Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs (UMR MOISA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Sciences, Innovations, Sociétés (LISIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Gustave Eiffel, Jacques Commaille, Bruno Jobert, Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
RSPO, huile de palme, RTRS, régulation privée, soja, chaine de valeur globale, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science
Abstract

International audience

Published
2020

31. Quand l’Alimentation se fait Politique(s)

Author

Fouilleux, Eve, Michel, Laura, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Sciences, Innovations, Sociétés (LISIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Gustave Eiffel, Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs (UMR MOISA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'Etudes Politiques de l'Europe Latine (CEPEL), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Avec le soutien de la Chaire UNESCO Alimentations du monde, en collaboration avec le laboratoire LISIS de l’université Gustave-Eiffel et le laboratoire CEPEL de l’université de Montpellier., Chaire UNESCO Alimentation du monde, Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
[SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science
Abstract

International audience; Les crises sanitaires, environnementales et sociales des dernières décennies ont mis en question le modèle industriel de production agricole et alimentaire. Le grand public s’immisce désormais dans les débats sur les façons de fabriquer et distribuer nos aliments, auparavant confinés aux négociations entre pouvoirs publics, profession agricole et industriels. Fait biologique premier, fait social incontestable, l’alimentation s’affirme aujourd’hui comme fait politique. Qui gouverne le système alimentaire et influence les décisions publiques ? Qui innove et expérimente d’autres systèmes alimentaires ? Comment sont pris en compte les enjeux environnementaux et sociaux liés à l’alimentation ? À partir de recherches originales sur la défiance, la gastronomie, le gaspillage, la sécurité alimentaire, la FNSEA, l’agriculture raisonnée, la lutte contre l’antibiorésistance, les politiques locales, l’agriculture biologique, les marchés de gros, les circuits courts, la pêche durable ou encore la pisciculture, cet ouvrage aborde ces questions sous un jour nouveau. Malgré un consensus politique apparent faisant de l’alimentation un enjeu majeur, celui-ci s’avère particulièrement fragile lors de la définition et de la mise en œuvre concrète des politiques alimentaires. Face aux attentes grandissantes des mangeurs, les acteurs du système alimentaire agro-industriel développent des stratégies de canalisation des critiques et de résistance aux potentiels changements. Un éclairage indispensable pour toutes les personnes s’intéressant à l’évolution contemporaine des systèmes alimentaires.

Published
2020

32. Introduction : Politisation de l’alimentation. Vers un changement de système agro-alimentaire ?

Author

Fouilleux, Eve, Michel, Laura, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Sciences, Innovations, Sociétés (LISIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Gustave Eiffel, Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs (UMR MOISA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'Etudes Politiques de l'Europe Latine (CEPEL), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Eve Fouilleux, Laura Michel, and Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science
Abstract

International audience

Published
2020

33. Conclusion : Politiser pour ne rien changer ? L’alimentation entre critiques et canalisation de la critique

Author

Michel, Laura, Fouilleux, Eve, Bricas, Nicolas, Centre d'Etudes Politiques de l'Europe Latine (CEPEL), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Sciences, Innovations, Sociétés (LISIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Gustave Eiffel, Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs (UMR MOISA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Eve Fouilleux, Laura Michel, and Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
Politique alimentaire, Comportement alimentaire, E10 - Economie et politique agricoles, Alimentation humaine, Préférence alimentaire, S01 - Nutrition humaine : considérations générales, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science
Abstract

International audience

Published
2020

34. Why do large-scale agricultural investments induce different socio-economic, food security, and environmental impacts? Evidence from Kenya, Madagascar, and Mozambique

Author

Oberlack, Christoph, primary, Giger, Markus, additional, Anseeuw, Ward, additional, Adelle, Camilla, additional, Bourblanc, Magalie, additional, Burnod, Perrine, additional, Eckert, Sandra, additional, Fitawek, Wegayehu, additional, Fouilleux, Eve, additional, Hendriks, Sheryl L., additional, Kiteme, Boniface, additional, Masola, Livhuwani, additional, Mawoko, Zaka Diana, additional, Mercandalli, Sara, additional, Reys, Aurélien, additional, da Silva, Maya, additional, van der Laan, Michael, additional, Zaehringer, Julie G., additional, and Messerli, Peter, additional

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

35. CAP reforms and multilateral trade negotiations: another view on discourse efficiency

Author

Fouilleux, Eve

Subjects
Agricultural policy -- Forecasts and trends, Indirect discourse, Market trend/market analysis, Political science, Regional focus/area studies, European Union. European Commission -- Agricultural policy
Abstract

This article focuses on intellectual capabilities as a means of promoting and influencing policy change through producing more efficient discourses. This approach is applied to the study of political strategies developed by the European Commission in order to promote its reformist views of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Two distinct periods are taken into consideration: the 1992 CAP reform, in relation with the GATT Uruguay Round (1986-94); and the 2003 Mid-Term Review and its links with the WTO Doha round. The paper analyses the learning processes that took place between these two periods in the European Commission. It finds that the Commission's political strategies and discourses have considerably improved thanks to better intellectual resources, economic analysis and forward-looking capabilities. This explains a more active and efficient political entrepreneurship behaviour by this action in the agricultural policy field during the recent period, at both international and European levels., The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) was institutionalised in the early 1960s and has gone through various crises since then, which have led to increasingly important policy reforms (1981, 1984, 1988, [...]

Published
2004

38. Definitions, interests and institutions: exploring the circulation of ‘agroecology’ knowledge in FAO’s global dialogue

Author

Loconto, Allison, Fouilleux, Eve, Ollivier, Guillaume, Bellon, Stéphane, Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Sciences, Innovations, Sociétés (LISIS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-ESIEE Paris-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Harvard University [Cambridge], Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs (UMR MOISA), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Unité de recherche d'Écodéveloppement (ECODEVELOPPEMENT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), ProdInra, Migration, and Fouilleux, Eve

Subjects
[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, co-production, agroecology, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, [SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, knowledge, evidence, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, institutionalisation, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

International audience; Historically, agroecology was constructed in specific locales through the articulation of professional, political and intellectual spaces: the ‘agricultural professionals’ space, spaces of scientific research (agronomy, biology, ecology, entomology, social sciences) and social movement spaces that are critical (to varying degrees) of the industrialisation of agriculture (Wezel et al., 2009, Abreu et al., 2009, Lamine and Abreu, 2009, Tomich et al., 2011, Francis et al., 2003). This paper, which is based on an ethnography carried out by the first author since 2013, participant observations by all authors in a series of international events, and lexical analysis of technical reports, traces how ‘agroecology’ is co-produced (Jasanoff, 2004) as a global socio-technical object. The site of co-production is the Global Dialogue, convened by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in different cities around the world between 2014 and 2018 (Rome 2014; Brasilia, Dakar, Bangkok 2015; La Paz, Kunming, Budapest 2016; Tunis, 2017; Rome 2018). We analyze these ‘expert’ symposia by exploring how knowledge about agroecology circulates and frames the terms of debate (Gherardi and Nicolini, 2000, Star, 1999, Callon, 1991). We focus on three key processes that contribute to the stabilization of a global agroecology: 1) the work carried out to define ‘agroecology’, 2) actors’ interests and strategies that are revealed through the politics of circulation, and 3) the emergence of the ‘evidence based’ logic within this dialogue and the ‘experts’ who are legitimized. We argue that the version of ‘agroecology’ that has stabilized through the Global Dialogue is one that has been highly influenced by civil society actors, even though they were not recognized as ‘experts’ in the process. We conclude with reflections upon the politics of ‘agroecological’ knowledge and what this means for the institutionalisations of agroecologies.

Published
2018

39. Commerce International

Author

Fouilleux, Eve, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Sciences, Innovations, Sociétés (LISIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Gustave Eiffel, Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs (UMR MOISA), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Colin Hay et Andy Smith, Fouilleux, Eve, Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM), and Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM)

Subjects
[SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, [SHS.SCIPO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

40. Organic farming in France: an alternative project or conventionalisation?

Author

Poméon, Thomas, Loconto, Allison Marie, Fouilleux, Eve, Lemeilleur, Sylvaine, Observatoire des Programmes Communautaires de Développement Rural (US ODR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Sciences, Innovations, Sociétés (LISIS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-ESIEE Paris-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs (UMR MOISA), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), G. Allaire, B. Daviron, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-ESIEE Paris-Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Fouilleux, Eve, Gilles Allaire, Benoit Daviron, Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM)

Subjects
conventionnalisation, organic farming, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

This chapter analyses the debates and tensions that characterise the field of organic agriculture. 1 These tensions concern the principles, but perhaps more often, the practices and systems put in place to implement organic agriculture, which can lead to an important gap between the discourse and the facts about organic food. We analyse the specifications and the mechanisms of certification and accreditation in organic food and explore the three poles of the ‘tripartite standards regime’ that define organic food. To reflect on these tensions two models are compared: the ‘official’ AB label supported by public policies, and private standards such as Nature & Progrès. Although these private standards are less significant when measured by volume and turnover, they are promoted by very active actors in different social and political forums. The case of organic agriculturee enlightens the relations between market and political rationalities and the synergies and contradictions that they generate.

Published
2018
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42. Defining agroecology

Author

Loconto, Allison Marie and Fouilleux, Eve

Subjects
040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

This article traces how ‘agroecology’ is co-produced as a global socio-technical object. The site of co-production, the Global Dialogue on Agroecology, was convened by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in different cities around the world between 2014 and 2018 (Rome 2014; Brasilia, Dakar, Bangkok 2015; La Paz, Kunming, Budapest 2016; Rome 2018). We analyze these ‘expert’ symposia and regional meetings by exploring how knowledge about agroecology circulates and frames the terms of debate. Our analysis is based on an ethnography carried out by the first author since 2013 and participant observations by both authors in the Global Dialogue. We focus on three key processes that contribute to the stabilization of a global agroecology: 1) the work carried out to define ‘agroecology’, 2) actors’ interests and strategies that are revealed through the politics of circulation, and 3) the emergence of the ‘evidence based’ logic within this dialogue and the ‘experts’ who are legitimized. We argue that the version of ‘agroecology’ that was stabilized through the Global Dialogue is one that has been highly influenced by civil society actors, even though they were not recognized as ‘experts’ in the process. We conclude with reflections upon the politics of ‘agroecological’ knowledge and what this means for the institutionalization of agroecology., The International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture and Food, Vol. 25 No. 2 (2019): Regular Issue: Trends in Food and Agriculture

Published
2019
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43. How can we think scaling up agro ecology transition with public policy support. The experience of PP-AL network in LAC

Author

Le Coq, Jean-François, Sabourin, Eric, Fouilleux, Eve, Acteurs, Ressources et Territoires dans le Développement (UMR ART-Dev), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Sciences, Innovations, Sociétés (LISIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Gustave Eiffel, Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs (UMR MOISA), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), SABOURIN, ERIC, Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-ESIEE Paris-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), and Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)

Subjects
[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, [SHS.SOCIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, [SHS.SCIPO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

44. Defining Agroecology: Exploring the Circulation of Knowledge in FAO’s Global Dialogue

Author

Loconto, Allison and Fouilleux, Eve

Subjects
FOS: Social sciences
Abstract

This article traces how ‘agroecology’ is co-produced as a global socio-technical object. The site of co-production, the Global Dialogue on Agroecology, was convened by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in different cities around the world between 2014 and 2018 (Rome 2014; Brasilia, Dakar, Bangkok 2015; La Paz, Kunming, Budapest 2016; Rome 2018). We analyze these ‘expert’ symposia and regional meetings by exploring how knowledge about agroecology circulates and frames the terms of debate. Our analysis is based on an ethnography carried out by the first author since 2013 and participant observations by both authors in the Global Dialogue. We focus on three key processes that contribute to the stabilization of a global agroecology: 1) the work carried out to define ‘agroecology’, 2) actors’ interests and strategies that are revealed through the politics of circulation, and 3) the emergence of the ‘evidence based’ logic within this dialogue and the ‘experts’ who are legitimized. We argue that the version of ‘agroecology’ that was stabilized through the Global Dialogue is one that has been highly influenced by civil society actors, even though they were not recognized as ‘experts’ in the process. We conclude with reflections upon the politics of ‘agroecological’ knowledge and what this means for the institutionalization of agroecology.

Published
2019
Full Text
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45. How and why large-scale agricultural investments induce different socio-economic, food security, and environmental impacts: Evidence from Kenya, Madagascar, and Mozambique [913]

Author

Giger, Markus, Oberlack, Christoph, Anseeuw, Ward, Adelle, Camilla, Bourblanc, Magalie, Kiteme, Boniface, Burnod, Perrine, Eckert, Sandra, Fouilleux, Eve, Hendriks, Sheryl, Mercandalli, Sara, Reys, Aurélien, Da Silva, Maya, Van Der Laan, Mark, Zahringer, Julie, and Messerli, Peter

Abstract

Changes to the global agro-food-energy system (e.g. changing consumption patterns in the North (SNF, 2012), Europe's Climate and biofuel policies, etc.) over the past few years have led to a renewed interest in agriculture and a rush to acquire land (Cotula, 2012; Anseeuw et al, 2013). The impacts of this rush on sustainability are not always evident as its assessments focus on the short-term and generally remain at a case study level, without considering the broader agrarian and socio-economic transformations it entails (Borras et al. 2012). If a consensus emerges regarding the necessity of additional investment into agriculture (FAO, 2010), it is less evident whether large-scale agricultural investments (LAI) are a vector for broader agrarian and socio-economic transformations in a sustainable manner (Borras et al. 2012, Deininger and Byerlee 2011; Collier and Dercon 2014). Despite a growing literature (World Bank, 2010; White et al., 2012, Cotula 2014 etc.), most assessments of LAI impacts tend to remain local, in the form of specific case-studies, and are often short term without broader contextualization (Fairhead et al., 2012). Efforts to overcome these limitations through different types of meta-analyis have been undertaken (Oberlack et al., 2015, Schoneveld 2014, Schoneveld 2017, Dell'Angelo et al. (2017). However, a more empirical understanding of the diverse changes and impacts at various levels is necessary for reflecting on visions for the planetary land system. Against this backdrop, this paper presents the results of a study aiming, on one hand, at assessing the changes and impacts of LAIs at various (individual, household, regional) levels within target regions, and on the other hand, at a nuanced account of how and why LAIs subsequently induce diverse regional development trajectories in these regions. We focus on LAIs in Kenya, Madagascar and Mozambique. Specifically, this study provides a cross-national comparative analysis of business models, land-use changes, governance dynamics of LAIs and their socio-economic, food security, and environmental impacts in Kenya, Madagascar and Mozambique. It brings together the individual results on these aspects, which were generated in the Afgroland project (www.afgroland.net). The following research question guides this analysis: How do contextual and institutional nuances of large-scale agricultural investments impact on land-use changes, the organization of production and investment processes, socio-economic outcomes, food security, and the environment in LAI target regions in Kenya, Madagascar and Mozambique? Methodologically, this study utilizes a set-theoretic methodology for a case-based comparative analysis. It responds to calls for the use of robust empirical methodologies to provide reliable evidence on the impacts of LAIs and to expand the use of comparative methods to attribute LAI impacts to causal factors. Data were collected in six study areas in the three countries by means of household surveys with more than 1500 households, more than 200 key-informant and in-depth interviews with business managers, policymakers, households, development agencies, and NGOs; remotely sensed data between 2016 and 2018, and complemented with document analysis. Data analysis involved mixed qualitative and quantitative techniques. A first set of tentative results, more conceptual in nature, show that LAIs induce regional development trajectories with sustainability impact patterns that can be characterized as conflictual sustainability trade-offs; employment vs. land access and environment trade-offs; widespread hostility; or moderate impacts. The set-theoretic analysis shows that the operational farm size, labour intensity, experience in local agriculture or domestic origin of investors, and prior land uses have the most significant impact on land-use changes, evolution of business models and adaptation of governance systems:. These transformation patterns are described in detail in the paper. A second set of results shows how the same international drivers can have divergent impacts, with local-level outcomes which can differ significantly in terms of land use change, ecological impacts, food security, and livelihoods. These divergences are determined by national politics and policy frameworks, land tenure rights, business models, land and water resource endowments, and path-dependencies regarding investment and business practices. As such, in Kenya, and more particularly in the Nanyuki region characterised by longstanding LAIs, an agrarian normalisation process has established, based on labour intense production systems mainly in the flower and horticultural sectors. Better established labour rights, technology transfer and an agrarian sector that has developed over time leads presently to a relatively dynamic local economy with subsequent livelihood opportunities. In Mozambique, these regional dynamics are minimal however, albeit indirect through basic infrastructural and service development. On contrary, through land loss and increased land pressures, labour extensive crops and production models, and not well developed labour rights, major fractions of the local populations tend to be affected negatively. Lastly, in Madagascar, for the few investments that are still operational, they tend to function on an enclave model, with very little – if any – interactions and impacts on the regional economy and local populations. The paper concludes by repositioning these results in the broader framework of interactions among sustainable development goals (SDGs), representing a critical, but mostly overlooked aspect in the debate on LAIs. In policy debates, LAIs are frequently justified with the argument that LAIs would create new flows of investments to capital-poor regions; create new employment; enhance agricultural productivity. In other words, this narratives relates LAIs positively to SDG10.B and SDG17.3 (investment flows), SDG8.5 (employment), and SDG2.3 (agricultural productivity), among others. By contrast, a recent review finds that LAIs can affect 14 of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in adverse ways. The results of this study and the analyses in terms of diverging development trajectories induced by LAIs allows to assess how LAIs shapes the interaction between multiple SDGs. These interactions among SDGs in the framework of LAIs can take the forms of trade-offs, co-benefits, and co-damage.

Published
2019

46. Defining agroecology: Exploring the circulation of knowledge in FAO's Global Dialogue 1

Author

Loconto, Allison, Fouilleux, Eve, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Sciences, Innovations, Sociétés (LISIS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-ESIEE Paris-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs (UMR MOISA), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Gustave Eiffel (UNIV GUSTAVE EIFFEL), John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University [Cambridge], Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)

Subjects
co-production, [SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences, knowledge, [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, evidence, institutionalization, [SDV.SA.AEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agriculture, economy and politics, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Agroecology, [SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science
Abstract

This article traces how 'agroecology' is co-produced as a global socio-technical object. The site of co-production, the Global Dialogue on Agroecology, was convened by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in different cities around the world between 2014 and 2018 (Rome 2014; Brasilia, Dakar, Bangkok 2015; La Paz, Kunming, Budapest 2016; Rome 2018). We analyze these 'expert' symposia and regional meetings by exploring how knowledge about agroecology circulates and frames the terms of debate. Our analysis is based on an ethnography carried out by the first author since 2013 and participant observations by both authors in the Global Dialogue. We focus on three key processes that contribute to the stabilization of a global agroecology: 1) the work carried out to define 'agroecology', 2) actors' interests and strategies that are revealed through the politics of circulation, and 3) the emergence of the 'evidence based' logic within this dialogue and the 'experts' who are legitimized. We argue that the version of 'agroecology' that was stabilized through the Global Dialogue is one that has been highly influenced by civil society actors, even though they were not recognized as 'experts' in the process. We conclude with reflections upon the politics of 'agroecological' knowledge and what this means for the institutionalization of agroecology.

Published
2019

47. Organic agriculture in France: alternative project or conventionalisation?

Author

Poméon, Thomas, Loconto, Allison, Fouilleux, Eve, and Lemeilleur, Sylvaine

Subjects
F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, A01 - Agriculture - Considérations générales, Agriculture durable, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, Agriculture biologique
Published
2019

48. Sur l’impact des pesticides, la recherche scientifique doit éclairer la décision publique [Tribune au Journal Le Monde]

Author

Desquilbet, Marion, Huc, Laurence, Humbert, Jean-François, Fouilleux, Eve, Perez, Isabelle, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Sciences, Innovations, Sociétés (LISIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Gustave Eiffel, Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) (UMR MoISA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs (UMR MOISA), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM)

Subjects
[SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, [SHS.SCIPO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science, [SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

L’appel à projets annoncé par le gouvernement le 9 mai 2019 ne suffira pas à couvrir l’ensemble des problématiques liées à l’utilisation de ces produits, déplore un collectif de près de 260 scientifiques, qui prônent une gestion plus ambitieuse « au nom du bien commun".

Published
2019

49. Behind the scenes of quality labels: Tripartite regulation and overlapping markets From the Europeanization to the globalization of organic agriculture

Author

Fouilleux, Eve, Loconto, Allison Marie, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Sciences, Innovations, Sociétés (LISIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Gustave Eiffel, Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs (UMR MOISA), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), and Fouilleux, Eve

Subjects
[SHS.SCIPO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science
Abstract

International audience

Published
2017

50. Feeding 9 billion people. Global food security debates and the productionnist trap

Author

Fouilleux, Eve, Centre de Recherches sur l'Action Politique en Europe (ARENES), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Rennes-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Rennes-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

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