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Is the potato crop vegetables Home in Egypt, which is cultivated annually in the lugs of the three (Winter, Nile and Summer) total area within the limits of 450 thousand acres and estimated the haulm of potatoes for the area cultivated about 1,575 million tons with an average of about 3.5 tons per acre of haulm potato. Field crop residues have become a heavy problem of the Egyptian farmer. To get rid of this trouble, being resorted out burned in the open field. Where as some farmers use these as heels, as rich get fern it a media for spreading diseases. That causes environmental disaster and dangerous healthy problem. Potatoes haulm around 8 - 9 % of the total residues (18-25 million tons annually). The trails are conducted at Gemmza Research Station, ARC under the four levels of drum speed (1000, 1200, 1400, and 1600 rpm), & (48 and 68) number of knives and three feeding rates (600, 800, and 1000 kg/h), to measure the mean weight length, fuel consumption, power consumed, energy-consuming and machine performance efficiency. The mean length cut weight between (6.608 and 10.627 mm) resulted. This objective of this research is to identify the appropriate mean weight lengths suitable to submission to the different animals, either small animals such as rabbits, medium animal such as goats, sheep or large animals such as cows and buffaloes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this, research was to manufacture and evaluate compatable unit to produce a rabbit feed pellets including mixing and pelleting the formula in one step. The optimum results of this unit were 427.87 kg/h production rate, 37.96kW.h/ton energy, requirements, 88.29% mixing efficiency, 0.671gm /cm³ bulk density, 93.21% pellet durability, 49.01N hardiness, and 566.36 die L/D ratio of 5.5:1, 3.5 min of mixing retention time, and rollers teeth width of 10 mm and LE/ton cost using residues formulation including black seed meal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Searching for suitable biomarkers for diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis is the key for control of Johne's disease. In the current study, two sets of twenty camels each, one infected with paratuberculosis and other normal healthy were executed. The basis for the infection was positive findings of clinical examination, Ziehl Neelsen staining of rectal smear and PCR of extracted bacterial DNA from feces. The present findings revealed significant decrease in total erythrocyte counts (TEC) and hemoglobin concentration (Hb) with significant increase in total leucocytes counts (TLC), packed cell volume (PCV) and neutrophils percentages of infected camels compare to control. A significant decrease in values of total proteins, albumin and glucose with significant elevation of concentration of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and bilirubin and enzyme activities of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyle transferase (GGT) and Glutamic acid dehydrogenase (GLDH) were noted in the serum of infected camels compare to control. Acute phase proteins (APP) namely, haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA) and fibrinogen (Fb) and proinflammatory cytokines namely, interleukins (1α, 1β, 10, 6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interferon gamma (INF-γ) were significantly increased in infected camel compare to control. Significant decrease in the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers namely, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione concentration (GSH) and catalase (CAT) with significant increase in the levels of Malondialdhyde (MDA) were observed in infected camel compare to control. The present study suggests APP, proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress parameters as additional biomarkers for paratuberculosis in camel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of London rocket (Sisymbrium irio) on the general health status of goats from one side and on the blood cellular and biochemical parameters from the other. Six native breed goats, 2-3 years old, weighing 35-40 kg were fed daily on 10 g/kg body weight of fresh whole plant material of London rocket (Sisymbrium irio) for five weeks. Blood samples were obtained from all animals on a weekly basis and were subjected to laboratory evaluation. Two goats were euthanised and post mortem examination was carried out. The obtained results revealed a slight effect on the general health status of the animals and no abnormal macroscopic lesions on post mortem examination. Blood biochemical analysis revealed significant elevations (P<0.05) in the mean values of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, magnesium, total protein and albumin starting from the third week of S. irio supplementation. Also, the results revealed non-significant changes in the mean inorganic phosphate, calcium, glucose, creatinine and uric acid concentrations compared to healthy controls. Haematological evaluation revealed significantly (P<0.05) higher total white blood cell counts and granulocytes starting from the third week of S. irio feeding. Significant (P<0.05) reductions in the mean red blood cell and lymphocyte counts were reported. It could be concluded that Sisymbrium irio altered blood biochemical and haematological parameters which may result in adverse effects on goats' health. However this assumption should be supported by further investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice threshing is one of the important factors affecting grain losses, quality and quantity. The wearing of the secondary threshing drum forks and bearing occurs crop blockage inside the threshing housing that lowers the combine harvester field capacity and increases the total grain losses. To overcome this problem, this study aimed to modify the combine harvester rice threshing device by replacing the secondary drum forks with knife blades. The combine harvester was evaluated using the modified drum, compared with the original drum. The tested treatments were rice grain moisture content (20%, 23% and 25% d.b.) and operational time (50, 100, 150 and 200 hrs.). The experiment was established and statistically designed as a factorial completely randomized block design with three replications. The obtained results revealed that modified secondary drum achieved lower values of wearing rate, lower values of rice grain total losses and higher values of threshing efficiency, compared with the original drum. So, it is recommended to use the modified secondary drum, especially at 23% grain moisture content and 50 hrs. operating time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients with end-stage kidney disease on hemodialysis (HD) have an increased risk of death due to the high prevalence of cardiovascular disease. Vascular calcification (VC) is predictive of cardiovascular disease and mortality. We conducted a study to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors for VC in dialysis patients in Qatar., Methods: This is a retrospective nationwide study including all chronic ambulatory dialysis patients in Qatar from 2020 to 2022. We used our national electronic medical record to track demographics, clinical characteristics, comorbidities, laboratory values, and diagnostic data for each patient. Calcifications were assessed by echocardiography (routinely done for all our dialysis population per national protocol), computed tomography, X-ray, and ultrasound. The study protocol was approved by the local medical research ethics committee (MRC-01-20-377)., Results: 842 HD patients were included in this study. Vascular calcifications (VC) were prevalent in 52.6% of patients. The main site of VC was Mitral valve calcifications in 55.5% of patients. Patients with VC were significantly older and had more prevalence of diabetes mellitus ( p = 0.001 and p = 0.006, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference between patients with calcifications and patients without calcifications regarding serum calcium, phosphorus, and PTH level. In multivariate analysis, age and diabetes significantly increased the risk factor for calcification (95% CI 1.033-1.065, p < 0.0001, and 95% CI 1.128-2.272, p < 0001, respectively). Moreover, higher vitamin D levels and higher doses of IV Alfacalcidol were significant risk factors for calcifications (95% CI 1.005-1.030, p < 0.007, and 95% CI 1.092-1.270, p < 0.0001, respectively)., Conclusion: Our study found that vascular calcification was widespread among our dialysis population in Qatar. Implementing the practice of echocardiography in dialysis patients was extremely helpful and the most productive in detecting vascular calcification. Diabetes mellitus almost doubles the risk for vascular calcifications in dialysis patients. These results are beneficial in identifying risk factors for vascular calcification, which can help stratify dialysis patients' risk of cardiovascular disease and optimize prevention efforts., (© 2024 Ghonimi, Hamad, Fouda, Alali, Ezzat, Awad Et Al., Licensee HBKU Press.)

Patients with end-stage renal disease treated with dialysis have poor quality of life (QOL). Improving QOL in these patients with multiple comorbidities is a large challenge. We performed a cross-sectional study to evaluate the prevalence and associated factors of depression and sleep disorders in this population. Our primary aim was to evaluate QOL measures in dialysis patients in Qatar through a series of validated questionnaires mainly concerning depression and sleep disorders. Our secondary aim was to study the associations of age, sex, and comorbid conditions with the QOL measures. We hypothesized that end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on dialysis would have disturbed QOL due to both ESRD and dialysis and comorbidities. This prospective cross-sectional study included adult ESRD patients receiving either hemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD) in the main tertiary dialysis unit in Qatar. We administered two surveys to evaluate depression (the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, http://www.bmedreport.com/archives/7139) and sleep disorders (the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, https://www.sleep.pitt.edu/instruments/). We also reviewed patient demographics, comorbidities, and laboratory test results to evaluate any associated factors. We randomly studied 253 patients (62% on HD and 38% on PD). Overall, 48% of patients had depression, while 83.8% had sleep disorders. The PD had more poor sleepers than the HD group (89.1% versus (vs.) 75%, p =0.003). Most of our dialysis patients had poor sleep, but it was more significant in the elderly group 109 (90%) than in the young group 103 (78%) ( p =0.009). Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) had significantly more prevalence of poor sleep (131 (88.5%)) than those without DM (81 (77.1%), p =0.01). More female patients had depression than male patients (52% vs. 25%, p < 0.0001; odds ratio: 3.27 (95% confidence interval: 1.9-5.6), p < 0.0001). This is the first study in Qatar to evaluate depression and sleep disorders in patients on dialysis therapy., Competing Interests: All authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Fadwa Al-Ali et al.)