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Scientific Technical Report STR; 17/10, GIPP Experiment and Data Archive, A temporary seismic array of short-period seismometers was installed in the 8-story AHEPA hospital, located in the city of Thessaloniki, N. Greece. The scope of the survey was to assess the dynamic characteristics of the RC-building by processing ambient vibration recordings of more than 40 seismic stations installed at different positions in the building. Part of the instruments was used in a soil experiment, outside of the hospital, to study possible Soil Structure Interaction phenomena. In addition to above experiments, a site-specific survey was performed in the Volvi basin, 30km ENE of the city of Thessaloniki. The scope of this experiment was to investigate the soil properties and the geometry of the subsurface geology.

Loss assessment of critical infrastructures (CIs) subject to natural hazards is fundamental to stress tests. The systemic approach that lifelines require for performance modelling is an open research topic, given their logical and physical complexity. The Work Package 4 (WP4) of STREST focused on the guidelines for the vulnerability assessment of critical infrastructures categorized as: A Individual, single-site infrastructures with high risk and potential for high local impact and regional or global consequences; B Distributed and/or geographically-extended infrastructures with potentially high economic and environmental impact; C Distributed, multiple-site infrastructures with low individual impact but large collective impact or dependencies. This reference report documents and summarizes the results of STREST WP4 via a series of applications and procedures (mostly referring to the seismic hazard case because of the level of advancement of research with respect to other natural hazards). The main attempt was to treat different CIs in a homogeneous framework derived and adapted from the well-known performance-based earthquake engineering developed for individual structures. From this effort it may be concluded that it seems possible to apply a unique logical framework to different CIs exposed to different natural hazards; nevertheless the performance/loss models for the key vulnerable components of each of them are still mostly lacking., JRC.E.4-Safety and Security of Buildings

In the context of the STREST project, an engineering multi-level risk-based methodology to stress test critical non-nuclear infrastructures, named ST@STREST, has been developed. This reference report summarizes ST@STREST framework and its exploratory application to six key representative Critical Infrastructures (CIs) in Europe, exposed to variant hazards, namely: a petrochemical plant in Milazzo, Italy, large dams of the Valais region in Switzerland, hydrocarbon pipelines in Turkey, the Gasunie national gas storage and distribution network in Holland, the port infrastructure of Thessaloniki, Greece and an industrial district in the region of Tuscany, Italy. According to the characteristics of each case study, different stress test levels were applied. The application to the selected CIs is presented following the workflow of ST@STREST, comprised of four phases: Pre-Assessment phase; Assessment phase; Decision phase; and Report phase. First the goals, the method, the time frame, and the appropriate stress test level to apply are defined. Then, the stress test is performed at component and system levels and the outcomes are checked and compared to the acceptance criteria. A stress test grade is assigned and the global outcome is determined by employing a grading system. Finally, critical events and risk mitigation strategies are formulated and reported to stakeholders and authorities., JRC.E.4-Safety and Security of Buildings

This report describes the main conclusions of the STREST project (and associated guidelines) to evaluate hazard of Low-Probability High-Consequences (LP-HC) events used to define stress tests for non-nuclear Critical Infrastructures (CIs). Several new approaches have been developed to assess these extreme hazard scenarios and to evaluate the associated uncertainties. This report presents a summary of the developments, results and products issued from Work Package 3 (WP3) of STREST. It is given as a set of “recommendations” for potential users responsible of the estimation of hazard for a particular non-nuclear CI in the European Union and other countries. The methods and guidelines are dedicated to two different target-users: project managers and hazard experts. It poses the main differences with a traditional Probabilistic Hazard Assessment analysis, the benefits and extra challenges, and the particular information requirements for the three selected infrastructure classes covered in STREST. In a simple and understandable manner, it summarizes the principal available tools, the main references and the application examples issued from the project in order to help the users in the realization of theirs studies., JRC.E.4-Safety and Security of Buildings

The physical vulnerability of roads to debris flow is expressed through fragility functions that relate flow volume to damage probabilities. Fragility relationships are essential components of quantitative risk assessments (QRA) as they allow for the estimation of risk within a consequence-based framework. To the best of the Authors’ knowledge this is the first time that fragility curves have been produced in order to provide the conditional probability for a road to be in, or to exceed, a certain damage state for a given debris flow volume. Preliminary assessments were undertaken by means of a detailed questionnaire. A total of 47 returns were received from experts in 17 countries: 32% academia, 51% the commercial sector and 17% governments. Fragility curves have been defined for three damage states (limited damage, serious damage and destroyed) for each of low speed and high speed roads in order to cover the typical characteristics of roads vulnerable to debris flow. The probability of any given damage state being met or exceeded by a debris flow of a given volume (10 to 100,000m3) was derived from the mean of the responses received. Inevitably there was a degree of scatter in the results and the treatment of such variation, or ‘experimental errors’, was crucial to understanding the data and to developing the fragility curves. Both qualitative and quantitative methods of arriving at these preliminary fragility curves were utilised. The nature of the data is such that unless all respondents return that value the average probability at the largest flow volume cannot reach unity; as a result the upper ends of each curve were forced to unity and in order to account for larger potential volumes manual extrapolation was undertaken to 1,000,000m3. In addition to an assessment of the probabilities of given damage states being exceeded respondents to the questionnaire were polled as to their level of experience and confidence in their ability to provide a valid and coherent set of answers to the questions posed.

Recent natural disasters that seriously affected critical infrastructure (CI) with significant socio-economic losses and impact revealed the need for the development of reliable methodologies for vulnerability and risk assessment. In this paper, a risk-based multi-level stress test method that has been recently proposed, aimed at enhancing procedures for evaluation of the risk of critical non-nuclear infrastructure systems against natural hazards, is specified and applied to six key representative CIs in Europe, exposed to variant hazards. The following CIs are considered: an oil refinery and petrochemical plant in Milazzo, Italy, a conceptual alpine earth-fill dam in Switzerland, the Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline in Turkey, part of the Gasunie national gas storage and distribution network in the Netherlands, the port infrastructure of Thessaloniki, Greece, and an industrial district in the region of Tuscany, Italy. The six case studies are presented following the workflow of the stress test framework comprised of four phases: pre-assessment phase, assessment phase, decision phase and report phase. First, the goals, the method, the time frame and the appropriate stress test level to apply are defined. Then, the stress test is performed at component and system levels and the outcomes are checked and compared to risk acceptance criteria. A stress test grade is assigned, and the global outcome is determined by employing a grading system. Finally, critical components and events and risk mitigation strategies are formulated and reported to stakeholders and authorities. © 2019, Springer Nature B.V.

Catalogue publication of the Biennale of Western Balkans (2018). Published by the: History of Art Laboratory School of Fine Arts Department of Fine Arts and Art Sciences University of Ioannina PO 1186, 45110 Ioannina, Greece Citation Dermentzopoulos, C. & Ziku, M. (eds.) (2020). Tradition anew! Biennale of Western Balkans. History of Art Laboratory, School of Fine Arts, University of Ioannina. ISBN 978-960-233-251-1. DOI: doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4019939 Essay citation in catalogue (e.g.) Vourvou, A. (2020). BoWB Reflections. In Dermentzopoulos, C. & Ziku, M. (eds.), Tradition anew! Biennale of Western Balkans (pp.120-121). History of Art Laboratory, School of Fine Arts, University of Ioannina. ISBN 978-960-233-251-1. DOI: doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4019939 Contributions Christos Dermentzopoulos, Lia Dimou, Victoria Ferentinou, Dimitra Gousi, The Ground Tour, Efi Kyprianidou, Elli Leventaki, Vasilis Ntouros, Ioannis Papadimitriou, Artemis Papageorgiou, Irene Rapti, Ilias Toliadis, Katerina Zachou, Mariana Ziku. Copy editing Elli Leventaki Graphic design & illustrations Markos Karellas, Christos Kotsinis Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) ISBN 978-960-233-251-1