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Con questo volume, che fa parte della collana BookMS Manuali (download dal sito www. centromicrozonazionesismica.it), intendiamo raccogliere, organizzare e mettere in condivisione i principali elementi e insegnamentitratti dall'intensa attività svolta in questi ultimi due anni. In particolare, sono riportate indicazioni utili alle attività di raccolta dati e relativa elaborazione per la realizzazione di carte di microzonazione sismica di livello3; si tratta di veri e propri protocolli per delineare procedure operative per la caratterizzazione delle Microzone Omogenee in Prospettiva Sismica (MOPS), la delimitazione delle Zone di Attenzione e la valutazione della Risposta Sismica Locale all'interno delle MOPS. In tal senso, si vuole sottolineare una volta di più il decisivo ruolo svolto dagli studi di microzonazione sismica quale strumento di mitigazione del rischio sismico, non solo nelle fasi post-evento, ma soprattutto nell'ambito di una lungimirante strategia di prevenzione che privilegi l'adozione di corrette scelte in sede di pianificazione e progettazione.

13 pages, 5 figures, supplementary information https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-020-0718-6.-- Data availability: All available metagenomic data, bins and annotations are available through the IMG/M portal (https://img.jgi.doe.gov/). Bulk download for the 52,515 MAGs is available at https://genome.jgi.doe.gov/GEMs and https://portal.nersc.gov/GEM. Genome-scale metabolic models for the nonredundant, high-quality GEMs are summarized at https://doi.org/10.25982/53247.64/1670777 and available in KBase (https://narrative.kbase.us/#org/jgimags). IMG/M identifiers of all metagenomes binned, including detailed information for each metagenome, are available in Supplementary Table 1.-- The pipeline used to generate the metagenome bins is available at https://bitbucket.org/berkeleylab/metabat/src/master/, Publisher Correction: A genomic catalog of Earth’s microbiomes; Nature Biotechnology 39: 520 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-020-00769-4, The reconstruction of bacterial and archaeal genomes from shotgun metagenomes has enabled insights into the ecology and evolution of environmental and host-associated microbiomes. Here we applied this approach to >10,000 metagenomes collected from diverse habitats covering all of Earth’s continents and oceans, including metagenomes from human and animal hosts, engineered environments, and natural and agricultural soils, to capture extant microbial, metabolic and functional potential. This comprehensive catalog includes 52,515 metagenome-assembled genomes representing 12,556 novel candidate species-level operational taxonomic units spanning 135 phyla. The catalog expands the known phylogenetic diversity of bacteria and archaea by 44% and is broadly available for streamlined comparative analyses, interactive exploration, metabolic modeling and bulk download. We demonstrate the utility of this collection for understanding secondary-metabolite biosynthetic potential and for resolving thousands of new host linkages to uncultivated viruses. This resource underscores the value of genome-centric approaches for revealing genomic properties of uncultivated microorganisms that affect ecosystem processes, This work was conducted by the US DOE Joint Genome Institute, a DOE Office of Science User Facility (contract no. DE-AC02–05CH11231), and used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the US DOE (contract no. DE-AC02–05CH11231). This work was also supported as part of the Genomic Sciences Program DOE Systems Biology KBase (award nos. DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-AC05-00OR22725, and DE-AC02-98CH10886).-- With the funding support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excelle

I terreni di copertura rappresentano un'importante porzione superficiale della litosfera, soprattutto in aree caratterizzate da evoluzione geologica neogenico-quaternaria, come il bacino mediterraneo.Tali terreni sono localizzati prevalentemente ai margini di bedrock affioranti, ossia in conche intramontane, fasce pedemontane, piane alluvionali e costiere, aree deltizie. Data la loro origine, sono costituiti da sedimenti sciolti o poco consolidati e da rocce tenere, che spesso fungono da terreni di fondazione per l'edilizia residenziale e industriale. Per loro natura e distribuzione, sono particolarmente soggetti ad hazard naturali, quali frane, inondazioni e allagamenti, amplificazioni sismiche, cedimenti, liquefazioni. Il loro studio riveste quindi notevole importanza per la mitigazione dei rischi naturali.Da anni l'IGAG investiga queste tipologie di terreni (ad esempio, con i Progetti Urbisit), soprattutto per studi di Microzonazione Sismica (MS), con approcci integrati di tipo geologico, geofisico e geotecnico per la definizione dei modelli di sottosuolo. L'approccio geologico è importante non solo per definire la geometria esterna dei depositi in relazione al bedrock, ma anche per ricostruire la struttura interna dei terreni investigati in termini di organizzazione stratigrafica dei litotipi affioranti e sepolti. I metodi utilizzati sono quelli della stratigrafia fisica, in particolare l'analisi di facies e la stratigrafia sequenziale per particolari contesti fluvio-costieri. Tali metodi permettono di definire l'architettura stratigrafica e la dinamica paleo-ambientale delle aree investigate, tramite l'identificazione delle litofacies e delle loro associazioni, l'individuazione e la gerarchizzazione di superfici limite, l'interpretazione di meccanismi e ambienti deposizionali (Miall, 2016). A tali fini, dati di affioramento, cartografici e di perforazione sono correlati tra loro e integrati con dati di letteratura, per investigare aree estense generalmente alcune decine di km2 e per profondità fino a 100 m. I prodotti derivati, elaborati nel Laboratorio GIS dell'IGAG Montelibretti, costituiscono carte geologiche e sezioni a grande scala (>=1:10.000), pannelli di correlazione e schemi di dettaglio dei rapporti stratigrafici. Essi sono alla base di tutte le elaborazioni successive per lo studio dei geohazard, ad esempio per la produzione di carte geo-tematiche (Carte MOPS, Carte MS), per la parametrizzazione geotecnica e idrogeologica del sottosuolo tramite correlazione litofacies-unità geotecniche (Mancini et al., 2014), per il supporto alla modellazione degli effetti di sito, per la pianificazione di campagne di indagine geofisica, geotecnica e idrogeologica. Aree test di applicazione di questo approccio sono il bacino romano e aree recentemente soggette a sismi (L'Aquila, Amatrice, Ischia), con prospettiva di applicazione ad aree urbane di Georgia e Albania (Accordi Bilaterali CNR).

To compare conventional cervical testing (CCT) and liquid-based cytology (LBC) within a randomized trial performed during 2001-2002 in the Abruzzo Region of Italy, including a cost-outcome comparative analysis.Study subjects were recruited in the framework of a controlled, randomized study organized in the Abruzzo Region. Women aged 2 6-64 years were randomized to an active arm (LBC) or control arm (CC1). The particip ating laboratories had no previous ex perience with LBC.The inadequacy rate was 4.3% in CCT and 1.3% in the LBC arm (D0.001). Atypical squamous cells of undetermined sign ifi cance and atypical glands of undetermined significance reports were more frequent at CCT vs. LBC. A small, insignificant excess of low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or high grade squamous epithelial lesions+ reports was observed in the LBC arm. The cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2+ (CIN2+) detection rate was not statistically different in the 2 arms (CCT=0.54%, LBC= 0.66%, p = 0.28). In the overall series positive predictive value was slightly but not significantly higher in the LBC arm. LBC increased costs by 4.2% per both screened women and CIN2+ detected.The study reflects the introductory phase of LBC in laboratories without prior LBC experience. In this setting LBC reduced the inadequacy rate and decreased reading and was at least as sensitive as and more specific than CCT. Utilization of LBC in organized screening programs will be based on local feasibility, considering that the high cost of LBC is only partially compensated for by other benefits, such as residual cellular material, available for molecular testing, including human papillomavirus testing.

The extra-cellular matrix (ECM) related antigens, type IV collagen, laminin, M(r) 68,000 laminin receptor (LR), M(r) 72,000 type IV collagenase (MMP-2), its inhibitor TIMP-2, and alpha 2-macroglobulin expression have been immunohistochemically investigated in 100 cases of human gastric carcinoma with a 5-yr follow up. Basement membranes were inversely related to tumoral differentiation. At the early intramucosal stage of both intestinal and diffuse histological types, TIMP-2 was expressed by the majority of tumor cells (60/63%), whereas MMP-2+ and LR+ cells were in the minority (24/19%, 23/0%, respectively). At the early submucosal stage, TIMP-2+ cells moderately decreased in both histological types (49/49%), whereas a consistently higher number of both MMP-2+ and LR+ cells were detected only in the diffuse carcinomas (72%). In the advanced stage, the expression of TIMP-2 further declined (22/24%), although the other two antigens increased or maintained high levels of expression. AMG+ cells never exceeded 10% in either histological type at any stage. In the liver metastases, both MMP-2+ and LR+ cells were more numerous than in the primary tumor (P < 0.002 and P < 0.01). Patients who died from their primary tumor had higher percentages of LR+, MMP-2+, and AMG+ cells and lower percentages of TIMP-2+ cells with respect to survivors. We believe evaluation of ECM-related antigens, and especially TIMP-2, may help determine a confident prognosis for gastric cancer.

We examined 705 surgical specimens of total and subtotal gastrectomy for gastric cancer, from the Surgical Pathology Department of L'Aquila, Atri and Avezzano, during the period from January 1972 to December 1991. For each case at least 15 samplings were taken, from the tumor itself and from the mucosa which appeared macroscopically normal. The cases were then classified according to the criteria proposed by Lauren and by Ming and the staging of the disease using the UICC's pTNM. Applying Ming's classification, it was evident a clear prevalence of the infiltrative (78.6%), rather than the expansive type (21.4%). Lauren's classification showed a slight prevalence of the diffuse type (56.5%), compared with the intestinal type. Intestinal metaplasia, chronic atrophic gastritis and dysplasia were found more frequently in the intestinal and expansive histotypes. These are the forms having a better prognosis and which in our results represent a minority of cases, therefore identifying the geographic area as a low risk area. With regards to the pTNM staging, T3's resulted the most numerous; T1's, or early gastric cancers (EGC), represented instead 15.7% of the total. Such a percentage is rather high in comparison with the mean percentage in western countries with low risk of disease. In reference to the macroscopic variants, a clear prevalence of the ulcerated forms (66.5%) was noted, in contrast with Ming and other Authors, that declare a slight prevalence of the fungating type. Also considering the histotypes there is a certain discrepancy between the data of Ming and ours; in fact, in our study the infiltrative type prevails, representing 78.6% against 33.6% found by Ming. Such a result can be usefully correlated to the high percentage of the ulcerated forms observed in our study and to the relative scarcity of fungating forms; these variants themselves, according to Ming, are usually related to the expansive type of gastric carcinoma. We also noted, in EGC, a remarkable age difference in regards to the diffuse type; the mean age of the 57 patients with this type classified as T1 was 52.2 years against the 63.0 years of the 341 patients with T1. The patients with T1 diffuse type carcinoma were not only 10.8 years younger than the patients with advanced gastric cancer of corresponding histotype, but were also 10 years younger than patients with EGC of intestinal type. Such data could support the hypothesis that EGC, diffuse type, has a peculiar biologic behavior.