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Additional file 1 : Table A1. Characteristics of ACLR participants who completed the study and those who were lost to follow-up. Table A2. Characteristics of control participants who completed the study and those who were lost to follow-up.

Additional file 2 : Table A3. Median (IQR) baseline and follow-up patellar cartilage defect score with pre-post Wilcoxon test in each group.

La morphologie des os longs est affectée par les charges mécaniques qu'ils subissent, telles celles générées par les comportements locomoteurs. Dans ce mémoire, des images de coupes transversales de fémurs, tibias et humérus obtenues par CT-scan ont été analysées pour déterminer la locomotion de l'enfant de Dikika, un Au. afarensis juvénile, en se basant sur des comparaisons d'humains et de grands singes africains. Les résultats indiquent que le fémur de l'enfant de Dikika montre des signes de bipédie, mais ce n'est pas le cas du tibia. Malgré le fait que la forme de l'humérus est très similaire aux grands singes africains, la résistance de celui-ci aux tensions et torsions laissent supposer que l'enfant de Dikika ne pratiquait pas les locomotions typiques des grands singes comme l'arboricolisme ou encore la quadrupédie terrestre. Malgré tout, certains résultats montrent que la morphologie osseuse dépend aussi des processus ontogéniques et de la génétique de chaque taxon., The morphology of long bones is affected by the mechanical loads they incur, such as those generated by locomotor behaviors. In this thesis, the images of cross sections of femora, tibiae and humeri obtained by CT-scan were analyzed to determine the locomotion of the Dikika child, a juvenile Au. afarensis, based on comparisons of humans and African apes. The results indicate that the Dikika child's femur shows signs of bipedalism, although the tibia does not. Despite the fact that the shape of the humerus is very similar to that of great African apes, its bending and torsional strength suggest that the Dikika's child did not practice locomotion typical of great apes such as arboricolism or terrestrial quadrupedism. Nevertheless, some results show that bone morphology also depends on the ontogenetic processes and the genetics of each taxon.

Table S1. Characteristics of ACLR participants who completed the study and those who were lost to follow-up. Table S2. Characteristics of control participants who completed the study and those who were lost to follow-up. (DOCX 17 kb)

Figure S1. Technical features of the stability and neutral support shoes. The stability shoes (ASICS Kayano-GS, A) featured a (i) heel stack height= 25mm, (ii) forefoot stack height= 12mm, (iii) footwear pitch= 13mm and (iv) shoe mass= 260g. In contrast, the neutral shoes (ASICS Zaraca 3, B) featured a (i) heel stack height= 28mm, (ii) forefoot stack height= 18mm, (iii) footwear pitch= 10mm and (iv) shoe mass= 240g. (DOCX 19 kb)

Table S1. Interactions between footwear condition and predictors from linear mixed models. Results depict the preliminary step testing for interactions between footwear condition and biomechanical predictors for the change in peak KFM (dependant variable). Interactions with p-values

Table S3. Median (IQR) baseline and follow-up cartilage defect score with pre-post Wilcoxon test in each group. (DOCX 16 kb)

Background: Prevention of knee osteoarthritis (OA) following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture and reconstruction is vital. Risk of postreconstruction knee OA is markedly increased by concurrent meniscal injury. It is unclear whether reconstruction results in normal relationships between tibiofemoral contact forces and cartilage morphology and whether meniscal injury modulates these relationships. Hypotheses: Since patients with isolated reconstructions (ie, without meniscal injury) are at lower risk for knee OA, we predicted that relationships between tibiofemoral contact forces and cartilage morphology would be similar to those of normal, healthy knees 2 to 3 years postreconstruction. In knees with meniscal injuries, these relationships would be similar to those reported in patients with knee OA, reflecting early degenerative changes. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Three groups were examined: (1) 62 patients who received single-bundle hamstring reconstruction with an intact, uninjured meniscus (mean age, 29.8 ± 6.4 years; mean weight, 74.9 ± 13.3 kg); (2) 38 patients with similar reconstruction with additional meniscal injury (ie, tear, repair) or partial resection (mean age, 30.6 ± 6.6 years; mean weight, 83.3 ± 14.3 kg); and (3) 30 ligament-normal, healthy individuals (mean age, 28.3 ± 5.2 years; mean weight, 74.9 ± 14.9 kg) serving as controls. All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging to measure the medial and lateral tibial articular cartilage morphology (volumes and thicknesses). An electromyography-driven neuromusculoskeletal model determined medial and lateral tibiofemoral contact forces during walking. General linear models were used to assess relationships between tibiofemoral contact forces and cartilage morphology. Results: In control knees, cartilage was thicker compared with that of isolated and meniscal-injured ACL-reconstructed knees, while greater contact forces were related to both greater tibial cartilage volumes (medial: R2 = 0.43, β = 0.62, P = .000; lateral: R2 = 0.19, β = 0.46, P = .03) and medial thicknesses (R2 = 0.24, β = 0.48, P = .01). In the overall group of ACL-reconstructed knees, greater contact forces were related to greater lateral cartilage volumes (R2 = 0.08, β = 0.28, P = .01). In ACL-reconstructed knees with lateral meniscal injury, greater lateral contact forces were related to greater lateral cartilage volumes (R2 = 0.41, β = 0.64, P = .001) and thicknesses (R2 = 0.20, β = 0.46, P = .04). Conclusion: At 2 to 3 years postsurgery, ACL-reconstructed knees had thinner cartilage compared with healthy knees, and there were no positive relationships between medial contact forces and cartilage morphology. In lateral meniscal-injured reconstructed knees, greater contact forces were related to greater lateral cartilage volumes and thicknesses, although it was unclear whether this was an adaptive response or associated with degeneration. Future clinical studies may seek to establish whether cartilage morphology can be modified through rehabilitation programs targeting contact forces directly in addition to the current rehabilitation foci of restoring passive and dynamic knee range of motion, knee strength, and functional performance.