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1. Effects of Climate and Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition on Early to Mid-Term Stage Litter Decomposition Across Biomes

Author

TaeOh Kwon, Hideaki Shibata, Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, Inger K. Schmidt, Klaus S. Larsen, Claus Beier, Björn Berg, Kris Verheyen, Jean-Francois Lamarque, Frank Hagedorn, Nico Eisenhauer, Ika Djukic, TeaComposition Network, Inger Kappel Schmidt, Klaus Steenberg Larsen, Jean Francois Lamarque, Adriano Caliman, Alain Paquette, Alba Gutiérrez-Girón, Alessandro Petraglia, Algirdas Augustaitis, Amélie Saillard, Ana Carolina Ruiz-Fernández, Ana I. Sousa, Ana I. Lillebø, Anderson da Rocha Gripp, Andrea Lamprecht, Andreas Bohner, André-Jean Francez, Andrey Malyshev, Andrijana Andrić, Angela Stanisci, Anita Zolles, Anna Avila, Anna-Maria Virkkala, Anne Probst, Annie Ouin, Anzar A. Khuroo, Arne Verstraeten, Artur Stefanski, Aurora Gaxiola, Bart Muys, Beatriz Gozalo, Bernd Ahrends, Bo Yang, Brigitta Erschbamer, Carmen Eugenia Rodríguez Ortíz, Casper T. Christiansen, Céline Meredieu, Cendrine Mony, Charles Nock, Chiao-Ping Wang, Christel Baum, Christian Rixen, Christine Delire, Christophe Piscart, Christopher Andrews, Corinna Rebmann, Cristina Branquinho, Dick Jan, Dirk Wundram, Dušanka Vujanović, E. Carol Adair, Eduardo Ordóñez-Regil, Edward R. Crawford, Elena F. Tropina, Elisabeth Hornung, Elli Groner, Eric Lucot, Esperança Gacia, Esther Lévesque, Evanilde Benedito, Evgeny A. Davydov, Fábio Padilha Bolzan, Fernando T. Maestre, Florence Maunoury-Danger, Florian Kitz, Florian Hofhansl, Flurin Sutter, Francisco de Almeida Lobo, Franco Leadro Souza, Franz Zehetner, Fulgence Kouamé Koffi, Georg Wohlfahrt, Giacomo Certini, Gisele Daiane Pinha, Grizelle González, Guylaine Canut, Harald Pauli, Héctor A. Bahamonde, Heike Feldhaar, Heinke Jäger, Helena Cristina Serrano, Hélène Verheyden, Helge Bruelheide, Henning Meesenburg, Hermann Jungkunst, Hervé Jactel, Hiroko Kurokawa, Ian Yesilonis, Inara Melece, Inge van Halder, Inmaculada García Quirós, István Fekete, Ivika Ostonen, Jana Borovská, Javier Roales, Jawad Hasan Shoqeir, Jean-Christophe Lata, Jean-Luc Probst, Jeyanny Vijayanathan, Jiri Dolezal, Joan-Albert Sanchez-Cabeza, Joël Merlet, John Loehr, Jonathan von Oppen, Jörg Löffler, José Luis Benito Alonso, José-Gilberto Cardoso-Mohedano, Josep Peñuelas, Joseph C. Morina, Juan Darío Quinde, Juan J. Jiménez, Juha M. Alatalo, Julia Seeber, Julia Kemppinen, Jutta Stadler, Kaie Kriiska, Karel Van den Meersche, Karibu Fukuzawa, Katalin Szlavecz, Katalin Juhos, Katarína Gerhátová, Kate Lajtha, Katie Jennings, Katja Tielbörger, Kazuhiko Hoshizaki, Ken Green, Klaus Steinbauer, Laryssa Pazianoto, Laura Dienstbach, Laura Yahdjian, Laura J. Williams, Laurel Brigham, Lee Hanna, Liesbeth van den Brink, Lindsey Rustad, Lourdes Morillas, Luciana Silva Carneiro, Luciano Di Martino, Luis Villar, Luísa Alícida Fernandes Tavares, Madison Morley, Manuela Winkler, Marc Lebouvier, Marcello Tomaselli, Marcus Schaub, Maria Glushkova, Maria Guadalupe Almazan Torres, Marie-Anne de Graaff, Marie-Noëlle Pons, Marijn Bauters, Marina Mazón, Mark Frenzel, Markus Wagner, Markus Didion, Maroof Hamid, Marta Lopes, Martha Apple, Martin Weih, Matej Mojses, Matteo Gualmini, Matthew Vadeboncoeur, Michael Bierbaumer, Michael Danger, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Michal Růžek, Michel Isabellon, Michele Di Musciano, Michele Carbognani, Miglena Zhiyanski, Mihai Puşcaş, Milan Barna, Mioko Ataka, Miska Luoto, Mohammed H. Alsafaran, Nadia Barsoum, Naoko Tokuchi, Nathalie Korboulewsky, Nicolas Lecomte, Nina Filippova, Norbert Hölzel, Olga Ferlian, Oscar Romero, Osvaldo Pinto-Jr, Pablo Peri, Pavel Dan Turtureanu, Peter Haase, Peter Macreadie, Peter B. Reich, Petr Petřík, Philippe Choler, Pierre Marmonier, Quentin Ponette, Rafael Dettogni Guariento, Rafaella Canessa, Ralf Kiese, Rebecca Hewitt, Robert Weigel, Róbert Kanka, Roberto Cazzolla Gatti, Rodrigo Lemes Martins, Romà Ogaya, Romain Georges, Rosario G. Gavilán, Sally Wittlinger, Sara Puijalon, Satoshi Suzuki, Schädler Martin, Schmidt Anja, Sébastien Gogo, Silvio Schueler, Simon Drollinger, Simone Mereu, Sonja Wipf, Stacey Trevathan-Tackett, Stefan Stoll, Stefan Löfgren, Stefan Trogisch, Steffen Seitz, Stephan Glatzel, Susanna Venn, Sylvie Dousset, Taiki Mori, Takanori Sato, Takuo Hishi, Tatsuro Nakaji, Theurillat Jean-Paul, Thierry Camboulive, Thomas Spiegelberger, Thomas Scholten, Thomas J. Mozdzer, Till Kleinebecker, Tomáš Rusňák, Tshililo Ramaswiela, Tsutom Hiura, Tsutomu Enoki, Tudor-Mihai Ursu, Umberto Morra di Cella, Ute Hamer, Valentin Klaus, Valter Di Cecco, Vanessa Rego, Veronika Fontana, Veronika Piscová, Vincent Bretagnolle, Vincent Maire, Vinicius Farjalla, Vittoz Pascal, Wenjun Zhou, Wentao Luo, William Parker, Yasuhiro Utsumi, Yuji Kominami, Zsolt Kotroczó, Zsolt Tóth, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen] (IGN), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Department of Forest Sciences [Helsinki], Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry [Helsinki], University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Department of Forest and Water Management, Forest & Nature Lab, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle [LTSER France] (ZAM), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes forestiers (UR EFNO), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Équipe 3 - Écologie, Évolution, Écosystemes Souterrains (E3S), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)-Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)-Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ZABR UMR 5023 VILLEURBANNE CEDEX, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Équipe 2 - Écologie Végétale et Zones Humides (EVZH), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), University of Helsinki (FINLAND), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Hokkaido University (JAPAN), German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research - iDiv (GERMANY), Universität Leipzig (GERMANY), National Center for Atmospheric Research - NCAR (UNITED STATES), Forschungsanstalt für Wald, Schnee und Landschaft - WSL (SWITZERLAND), Tea composition (SWITZERLAND), Universiteit Gent - UGENT (BELGIUM), University of Copenhagen - UCPH (DENMARK), Laboratoire Ecologie fonctionnelle et Environnement - EcoLab (Toulouse, France), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Leipzig University, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Unité de recherche Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), Muys, Bart, Department of Forest Sciences, Lammi Biological Station, Biological stations, Department of Geosciences and Geography, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), BioGeoClimate Modelling Lab, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Kwon T., Shibata H., Kepfer-Rojas S., Schmidt I.K., Larsen K.S., Beier C., Berg B., Verheyen K., Lamarque J.-F., Hagedorn F., Eisenhauer N., Djukic I., Caliman A., Paquette A., Gutierrez-Giron A., Petraglia A., Augustaitis A., Saillard A., Ruiz-Fernandez A.C., Sousa A.I., Lillebo A.I., Da Rocha Gripp A., Lamprecht A., Bohner A., Francez A.-J., Malyshev A., Andric A., Stanisci A., Zolles A., Avila A., Virkkala A.-M., Probst A., Ouin A., Khuroo A.A., Verstraeten A., Stefanski A., Gaxiola A., Muys B., Gozalo B., Ahrends B., Yang B., Erschbamer B., Rodriguez Ortiz C.E., Christiansen C.T., Meredieu C., Mony C., Nock C., Wang C.-P., Baum C., Rixen C., Delire C., Piscart C., Andrews C., Rebmann C., Branquinho C., Jan D., Wundram D., Vujanovic D., Adair E.C., Ordonez-Regil E., Crawford E.R., Tropina E.F., Hornung E., Groner E., Lucot E., Gacia E., Levesque E., Benedito E., Davydov E.A., Bolzan F.P., Maestre F.T., Maunoury-Danger F., Kitz F., Hofhansl F., Hofhansl G., De Almeida Lobo F., Souza F.L., Zehetner F., Koffi F.K., Wohlfahrt G., Certini G., Pinha G.D., Gonzlez G., Canut G., Pauli H., Bahamonde H.A., Feldhaar H., Jger H., Serrano H.C., Verheyden H., Bruelheide H., Meesenburg H., Jungkunst H., Jactel H., Kurokawa H., Yesilonis I., Melece I., Van Halder I., Quiros I.G., Fekete I., Ostonen I., Borovsk J., Roales J., Shoqeir J.H., Jean-Christophe Lata J., Probst J.-L., Vijayanathan J., Dolezal J., Sanchez-Cabeza J.-A., Merlet J., Loehr J., Von Oppen J., Loffler J., Benito Alonso J.L., Cardoso-Mohedano J.-G., Penuelas J., Morina J.C., Quinde J.D., Jimnez J.J., Alatalo J.M., Seeber J., Kemppinen J., Stadler J., Kriiska K., Van Den Meersche K., Fukuzawa K., Szlavecz K., Juhos K., Gerhtov K., Lajtha K., Jennings K., Jennings J., Ecology P., Hoshizaki K., Green K., Steinbauer K., Pazianoto L., Dienstbach L., Yahdjian L., Williams L.J., Brigham L., Hanna L., Hanna H., Rustad L., Morillas L., Silva Carneiro L., Di Martino L., Villar L., Fernandes Tavares L.A., Morley M., Winkler M., Lebouvier M., Tomaselli M., Schaub M., Glushkova M., Torres M.G.A., De Graaff M.-A., Pons M.-N., Bauters M., Mazn M., Frenzel M., Wagner M., Didion M., Hamid M., Lopes M., Apple M., Weih M., Mojses M., Gualmini M., Vadeboncoeur M., Bierbaumer M., Danger M., Scherer-Lorenzen M., Ruek M., Isabellon M., Di Musciano M., Carbognani M., Zhiyanski M., Puca M., Barna M., Ataka M., Luoto M., H. Alsafaran M., Barsoum N., Tokuchi N., Korboulewsky N., Lecomte N., Filippova N., Hlzel N., Ferlian O., Romero O., Pinto-Jr O., Peri P., Dan Turtureanu P., Haase P., Macreadie P., Reich P.B., Petk P., Choler P., Marmonier P., Ponette Q., Dettogni Guariento R., Canessa R., Kiese R., Hewitt R., Weigel R., Kanka R., Cazzolla Gatti R., Martins R.L., Ogaya R., Georges R., Gaviln R.G., Wittlinger S., Puijalon S., Suzuki S., Martin S., Anja S., Gogo S., Schueler S., Drollinger S., Mereu S., Wipf S., Trevathan-Tackett S., Stoll S., Lfgren S., Trogisch S., Seitz S., Glatzel S., Venn S., Dousset S., Mori T., Sato T., Hishi T., Nakaji T., Jean-Paul T., Camboulive T., Spiegelberger T., Scholten T., Mozdzer T.J., Kleinebecker T., Runk T., Ramaswiela T., Hiura T., Enoki T., Ursu T.-M., Di Cella U.M., Hamer U., Klaus V., Di Cecco V., Rego V., Fontana V., Piscov V., Bretagnolle V., Maire V., Farjalla V., Pascal V., Zhou W., Luo W., Parker W., Parker P., Kominam Y., Kotrocz Z., and Utsumi Y.

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, tea bag, Green tea, Rooibos tea, litter decomposition, carbon turnover, nitrogen deposition, TeaComposition initiative, Biome, SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES, tea bag, Green tea, Rooibos tea, litter decomposition, carbon turnover, nitrogen deposition, TeaComposition initiative, Carbon turnover, Nitrogen deposition -TeaComposition initiative, Suelo, Flora Microbiana, 01 natural sciences, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, GE1-350, Ecosistemas Terrestres, Global and Planetary Change, Nutrient Cycling, Té Verde, Nitrogen deposition - TeaComposition initiative, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Forestry, Biomas, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Terrestrial ecosystem, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, Biologie, Nitrogen, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Animal science, LEAF, ORGANIC-CARBON, Carbono, RATES, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, climate, Escala Global, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Nutrientes, forests, Ecologie, Environnement, Science & Technology, 15. Life on land, worldwide experiment, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Carbon, Biology and Microbiology, Agriculture and Soil Science, Precipitación Atmosférica, Cambio Climático, Litter, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Tea Composition initiative, N-deposition, Deposition (chemistry), Global Scale, RESPONSES, Terrestrial Ecosystems, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Precipitation, Biomes, Degradation, Soil, Té Rooibos, FOLIAR LITTER, TEMPERATURE, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Ecology, Nitrógeno, Temperature, Litter decomposition, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Temperatura, Ciclo de Nutrientes, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Nutrient cycle, Climate Change, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), Degradación, Liter Descomposition, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Temperate climate, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Microbial Flora, AVAILABILITY, Chemical process of decomposition, Bolsa de Té, Nutrients, Descomposición de Hojas, SD1-669.5, Decomposition, N DEPOSITION, Environmental sciences, Tea bag, 13. Climate action, Earth and Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, PATTERNS, Environmental science, cavelab, Nitrogen deposition, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

Este artículo contiene 18 páginas, 5 tablas, 4 figuras., Litter decomposition is a key process for carbon and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems and is mainly controlled by environmental conditions, substrate quantity and quality as well as microbial community abundance and composition. In particular, the effects of climate and atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on litter decomposition and its temporal dynamics are of significant importance, since their effects might change over the course of the decomposition process. Within the TeaComposition initiative, we incubated Green and Rooibos teas at 524 sites across nine biomes. We assessed how macroclimate and atmospheric inorganic N deposition under current and predicted scenarios (RCP 2.6, RCP 8.5) might affect litter mass loss measured after 3 and 12 months. Our study shows that the early to mid-term mass loss at the global scale was affected predominantly by litter quality (explaining 73% and 62% of the total variance after 3 and 12 months, respectively) followed by climate and N deposition. The effects of climate were not litter-specific and became increasingly significant as decomposition progressed, with MAP explaining 2% and MAT 4% of the variation after 12 months of incubation. The effect of N deposition was litter-specific, and significant only for 12-month decomposition of Rooibos tea at the global scale. However, in the temperate biome where atmospheric N deposition rates are relatively high, the 12- month mass loss of Green and Rooibos teas decreased significantly with increasing N deposition, explaining 9.5% and 1.1% of the variance, respectively. The expected changes in macroclimate and N deposition at the global scale by the end of this century are estimated to increase the 12-month mass loss of easily decomposable litter by 1.1– 3.5% and of the more stable substrates by 3.8–10.6%, relative to current mass loss.In contrast, expected changes in atmospheric N deposition will decrease the mid-term mass loss of high-quality litter by 1.4–2.2% and that of low-quality litter by 0.9–1.5% in the temperate biome. Our results suggest that projected increases in N deposition may have the capacity to dampen the climate-driven increases in litter decomposition depending on the biome and decomposition stage of substrate., This work was performed within the TeaComposition initiative, carried out by 190 institutions worldwide. We thank for funding support for the workshop and data analysis from the ILTER. We acknowledge support by the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, funded by the German Research Foundation (FZT 118), Scientific Grant Agency VEGA (Grant No. 2/0101/18), as well as by the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (Grant Agreement No. 677232). Thanks are due to FCT/MCTES for the financial support to CESAM (UIDB/50017/2020 + UIDP/50017/2020) and to the project PORBIOTA (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022127). AI Sousa was funded by national funds through the FCTFoundation for Science and Technology, I.P., under the project CEECIND/00962/2017. HS and CB acknowledge FCT support to cE3c through UID/BIA/00329/2013, UID/BIA/00329/2019, and UIDB/00329/2020, and the project PORBIOTA - POCI-01- 0145-FEDER-022127. We are also thankful to UNILEVER for sponsoring the Lipton tea.

Published
2021

2. Facteurs clés de la distribution spatiale des dendromicrohabitats et importance écologique pour la conservation de la biodiversité associée

Author

Laurent Larrieu, Christophe Bouget, Benoit Courbaud, Gouix Nicolas, Michel Goulard, Daniel Kraus, Thibault Lachat, Sylvie Ladet, Yoan Paillet, Olivier Rose, Jonas Stillhard, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecosystèmes forestiers (UR EFNO), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Ecosystèmes montagnards (UR EMGR), CEN MIDI PYRENEES TOULOUSE FRA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG CHAIR OF SILVICULTURE FREIBURG IM BREISGAU DEU, BERN UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES CHE, Office National des Forêts (ONF), Swiss Federal Research Institute, Irstea Publications, Migration, Conservatoire Régional des Espaces Naturels Midi-Pyrénées - CREN (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Institut national de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour l'Environnement et l'Agriculture - IRSTEA (FRANCE), European Forest Institute - EFI (FINLAND), Office National des Forêts - ONF (FRANCE), Forschungsanstalt für Wald, Schnee und Landschaft - WSL (SWITZERLAND), Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Avalanche Research WSL, European Forest Institute = Institut Européen de la Forêt = Euroopan metsäinstituutti (EFI), Conservatoire d'Espaces Naturels Midi-Pyrénées - CEN MP (FRANCE), Centre Régional de la Propriété Forestière de Midi-Pyrénées (CRPF Midi-Pyrénées), Conservatoire d'Espaces Naturels Midi Pyrénées (CEN MP), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Bern University of Applied Sciences (BFH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, Microhabitats, Spatial patterns, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biodiversité et Ecologie, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Tree, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

International audience; Tree-related microhabitats (TreMs) are specific, well delineated above-ground tree morphological singularities occurring on living or standing dead trees. As essential elements for species to develop, feed, shelter or breed during at least part of their life cycle (1), TreMs are key features for many taxa and contribute in the complex network of forest resources for biodiversity. Large and broadleaved trees bear most of the TreMs within a forest stand (2). The spatial pattern of TreMs may therefore be similar to the spatial distribution of these trees. However, this logic is impaired by several processes. Firstly, TreM types are generated by a wide range of natural processes, from stochastic, abiotic events such as lightnings to deterministic, biotic events such as the excavation of a woodpecker breeding cavity. Secondly, forest management strongly impacts the distribution of TreMs. Indeed, management always reduces TreM diversity, alters the relative proportion the TreM types and often shrinks TreM density (3). Logging can also locally produce TreMs such as missing barks along the logging tracks. Furthermore, during tree marking before harvesting operations, forest managers impact on both the distribution of TreM bearing trees and the TreM types they bear. A better knowledge of spatial patterns of TreMs in old-growth forests would help us to promote more biodiversity-friendly forest management practices. We therefore explored spatial patterns of several TreM types in temperate old-growth forests and compared them with patterns in managed stands. In order to better understand the effects of TreM spatial patterns on forest biodiversity, we analyzed the response of TreM-associated saproxylic beetle assemblages to variations in spatial patterns of cavities or polypores. The first results of these studies will be presented in this talk. Finally, we discuss deemed consequences for conservation of TreM-associated taxa in managed forests.

Published
2018

3. Catalogue of tree microhabitats : Reference field list

Author

Kraus, Daniel, Bütler, Rita, Krumm, Franck, Lachat, Thibault, Larrieu, Laurent, Mergner, Ulrich, Paillet, Yoan, Schuck, Andreas, Winter, Susanne, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Institut national de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour l'Environnement et l'Agriculture - IRSTEA (FRANCE), Bayerische Staatsforsten - BaySF (GERMANY), Centre Régional de la Propriété Forestière Occitanie - CRPF (FRANCE), European Forest Institute - EFI (FINLAND), Hochschule für nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde - HNEE (GERMANY), Forschungsanstalt für Wald, Schnee und Landschaft - WSL (SWITZERLAND), Dynamiques et Ecologie des Paysages Agriforestiers - DYNAFOR (Castanet-Tolosan, France), Ecosystèmes forestiers - EFNO (Nogent-sur-Vernisson, France), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)

Subjects
Sylviculture, foresterie, Biodiversité et Ecologie, Deadwood
Abstract

The present catalogue is one of the outputs of the demonstration project ‘Establishing a European network of demonstration sites for the integration of biodiversity conservation into forest management ...

Published
2016

4. Combined effects of area, connectivity, history and structural heterogeneity of woodlands on the species richness of hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae)

Author

David Sheeren, Jean-Pierre Sarthou, Pierre-Alexis Herrault, Sophie Cordier, Urs Gimmi, Laurent Larrieu, Thibault Lachat, Annie Ouin, Géographie de l'environnement (GEODE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Propriété Forestière, Université de Liège, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Dynamiques et écologie des paysages agriforestiers (DYNAFOR), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université de Liège (BELGIUM), Centre National de la Propriété Forestière - CNPF (FRANCE), Forschungsanstalt für Wald, Schnee und Landschaft - WSL (SWITZERLAND), AGroécologie, Innovations, TeRritoires - AGIR (Castanet-Tolosan, France), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Generalized linear model, History, Biodiversité et Ecologie, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Geography, Planning and Development, Woodland, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, extinction debt, woodlands, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Extinction debt, Ecosystem, Milieux et Changements globaux, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Connectivity, Ecology, colonization credit, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, hoverflies, 15. Life on land, Habitat, connectivity, Hoverflies, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Colonization credit, Spatial ecology, Species richness, history, Heterogeneity, Landscape ecology, heterogeneity, Woodlands
Abstract

International audience; Context Hoverflies are often used as bio-indicators for ecosystem conservation, but only few studies have actually investigated the key factors explaining their richness in woodlands. Objectives In a fragmented landscape in southwest France, we investigated the joint effects of woodland area, structural heterogeneity, connectivity and history on the species richness of forest-specialist hoverflies, and whether there was a time lag in the response of hoverflies to habitat changes, and tested the effect of spatiotemporal changes. Methods Current species richness was sampled in 48 woodlands using 99 Malaise traps. Structural variables were derived from a rapid habitat assessment protocol. Old maps and aerial photographs were used to extract past and present spatial patterns of the woodlands since 1850. Relationships between species richness and explanatory variables were explored using generalized linear models. Results We show that current habitat area, connectivity, historical continuity and the average density of tree-microhabitats explained 35 % of variation in species richness. Species richness was affected differently by changes in patch area between 1979 and 2010, depending on woodland connectivity. In isolated woodlands, extinction debt and colonization credit were revealed, showing that even several decades are not sufficient for hoverflies to adapt to landscape-scale habitat conditions. Conclusions These findings emphasise the importance of maintaining connectedness between woodlands, which facilitates the dispersion in a changing landscape. Our results also highlight the benefits of using a change-oriented approach to explain the current distribution patterns of species, especially when several spatial processes act jointly.

Published
2016

5. Jack-of-all-trades effects drive biodiversity-ecosystem multifunctionality relationships in European forests

Author

Van der Plas, Fons, Manning, Peter, Allan, Eric, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Verheyen, Kris, Wirth, Christian, Zavala, Miguel Angel, Hector, Andy, Ampoorter, Evy, Baeten, Lander, Barbaro, Luc, Bauhus, Jürgen, Benavides, Raquel, Benneter, Adam, Berthold, Felix, Bonal, Damien, Bouriaud, Olivier, Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Carnol, Monique, Castagneyrol, Bastien, Charbonnier, Yohan, Coomes, David, Coppi, Andrea, Bastias, Cristina C., Muhie Dawud, Seid, De Wandeler, Hans, Domisch, Timo, Finér, Leena, Gessler, Arthur, Granier, André, Grossiord, Charlotte, Guyot, Virginie, Hättenschwiler, Stephan, Jactel, Hervé, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Joly, François-Xavier, Jucker, Tommaso, Koricheva, Julia, Milligan, Harriet, Müller, Sandra, Muys, Bart, Nguyen, Diem, Pollastrini, Martina, Raulund-Rasmussen, Karsten, Selvi, Federico, Stenlid, Jan, Valladares, Fernando, Vesterdal, Lars, Zielínski, Dawid, Fischer, Markus, Universidad de Alcalá. Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Bouriaud, Olivier [0000-0002-8046-466X], Nguyen, Diem [0000-0002-9680-5772], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, University of Bern, Senckenberg biodiversität und klima forschungszentrum (BIK-F), Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg (SGN), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), University of Oxford [Oxford], Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Universitatea Stefan cel Mare Suceava (USU), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Université de Liège, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Institut fédéral de recherches WSL, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Uniwersytet Warszawski, Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Universität Leipzig, University of Oxford, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Madrid] (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Universiteit Gent [Ghent], Università degli Studi di Firenze [Firenze], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Biodiversität und Klima Forschungszentrum - BiK-F (GERMANY), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg - MLU (GERMANY), Universidad de Alcalá - UAH (SPAIN), Université de Bordeaux 1 (FRANCE), University of Cambridge (UNITED KINGDOM), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos - URJC (SPAIN), Universitatea Stefan cel Mare Suceava - USU (ROMANIA), Université de Liège (BELGIUM), Royal Holloway University of London - RHUL (UNITED KINGDOM), German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research - iDiv (GERMANY), Los Alamos National Laboratory - LANL (USA), Universität Leipzig (GERMANY), Luonnonvarakeskus - LUKE (FINLAND), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (SPAIN), Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet - SLU (SWEDEN), Forschungsanstalt für Wald, Schnee und Landschaft - WSL (SWITZERLAND), Universiteit Gent - UGENT (BELGIUM), University of Bern (SWITZERLAND), Københavns Universitet - KU (DENMARK), Università degli Studi di Firenze (ITALY), Universität Freiburg (GERMANY), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven - KU LEUVEN (BELGIUM), Université de Lorraine (FRANCE), University of Oxford (UNITED KINGDOM), Uniwersytet Warszawski - UW (POLAND), Biodiversité Gènes et Communautés - BIOGECO (Bordeaux, France), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières - EEF (Champenoux, France), Dynamiques et Ecologie des Paysages Agriforestiers - DYNAFOR (Castanet-Tolosan, France), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Biodiversité et Ecologie, Biodiversity, SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS, General Physics and Astronomy, 580 Plants (Botany), Forests, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, biodiversité, Trees, CARBON, [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, Multidisciplinary, CHALLENGES, Ecology, SPECIES RICHNESS, STATISTICAL INEVITABILITY, Europe, Biological sciences, Ecosystèmes, Multifunctionality, Biodiversité, Science, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, écosystème, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Environmental science, multifonctionalité, Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Sylviculture, foresterie, Species Specificity, Forest ecology, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, PLANT DIVERSITY, Mechanism (biology), Environmental and Society, CURRENT KNOWLEDGE, General Chemistry, 15. Life on land, SERVICES, Models, Theoretical, EXTRACTION METHOD, NITROGEN, Medio Ambiente, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), Chemistry (all), Physics and Astronomy (all), Complementarity (molecular biology), Earth and Environmental Sciences, Spatial ecology, Species richness, Environnement et Société
Abstract

Fons van der Plas [et al.].- Received 8 September 2015, Accepted 19 February 2016, Published 24 March 2016, There is considerable evidence that biodiversity promotes multiple ecosystem functions (multifunctionality), thus ensuring the delivery of ecosystem services important for human well-being. However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship are poorly understood, especially in natural ecosystems. We develop a novel approach to partition biodiversity effects on multifunctionality into three mechanisms and apply this to European forest data. We show that throughout Europe, tree diversity is positively related with multifunctionality when moderate levels of functioning are required, but negatively when very high function levels are desired. For two well-known mechanisms, ‘complementarity’ and ‘selection’, we detect only minor effects on multifunctionality. Instead a third, so far overlooked mechanism, the ‘jack-of-all-trades’ effect, caused by the averaging of individual species effects on function, drives observed patterns. Simulations demonstrate that jack-of-all-trades effects occur whenever species effects on different functions are not perfectly correlated, meaning they may contribute to diversity–multifunctionality relationships in many of the world’s ecosystems.

Published
2016

6. Katalog over mikrohabitater på traeer: Referenceliste til feltbrug

Author

Kraus, Daniel, Bütler, Rita, Krumm, Frank, Lachat, Thibault, Larrieu, Laurent, Mergner, Ulrich, Paillet, Yoan, Rydkvist, Tomas, Schuck, Andreas, Winter, Susanne, Institute of Silviculture/Chair of Silviculture, University of Freiburg, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Haute école des sciences agronomiques, forestières et alimentaires (HAFL), Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre Régional de la Propriété Forestière de Midi-Pyrénées (CRPF Midi-Pyrénées), Bayerische Staatsforsten, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Svenska Cellulosa Aktiebolaget (SCA), European Forest Institute = Institut Européen de la Forêt = Euroopan metsäinstituutti (EFI), Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development (HNE), auto-saisine, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Institut national de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour l'Environnement et l'Agriculture - IRSTEA (FRANCE), Svenska Cellulosa Aktiebolaget - SCA (SWEDEN), Bayerische Staatsforsten - BaySF (GERMANY), Centre Régional de la Propriété Forestière Occitanie - CRPF (FRANCE), European Forest Institute - EFI (FINLAND), Hochschule für nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde - HNEE (GERMANY), Forschungsanstalt für Wald, Schnee und Landschaft - WSL (SWITZERLAND), University of Bern (SWITZERLAND), Universität Freiburg (GERMANY), Dynamiques et Ecologie des Paysages Agriforestiers - DYNAFOR (Castanet-Tolosan, France), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)

Subjects
Sylviculture, foresterie, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biodiversité, Tree microhabitats
Abstract

This Integrate+ Technical Paper (in Danish) is one of several translations of the original published in English language (Catalogue of tree microhabitats – Reference field list).

Published
2016

7. Climate and Peatlands

Author

de Jong, R., Blaauw, M., Chambers, F.M., Christensen, T.R., De Vleeschouwer, F., Finsinger, W., Fronzek, S., Johansson, M., Kokfelt, U., Lamentowicz, M., Le Roux, G., Mauquoy, D., Mitchell, E.A.D., Nichols, J.E., Samaritani, E., van Geel, B., Dodson, J., Brown University (USA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne - EPFL (SWITZERLAND), University of Gloucestershire (UNITED KINGDOM), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Finnish Environment Institute - SYKE (FINLAND), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université de Liège (BELGIUM), Université de Montpellier 2 (FRANCE), Adam Mickiewicz University - AMU (POLAND), Lund University (SWEDEN), Queen's University Belfast - QUB (UNITED KINGDOM), Forschungsanstalt für Wald, Schnee und Landschaft - WSL (SWITZERLAND), University of Aberdeen - ABDN (UNITED KINGDOM), University of Amsterdam - UvA (NETHERLANDS), University of Bern (SWITZERLAND), Université de Neuchâtel (SWITZERLAND), Dodson, John, Laboratoire des Systèmes Ecologiques - ECOS (Lausanne, Switzerland), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), and Paleoecology and Landscape Ecology (IBED, FNWI)

Subjects
Ecologie, Environnement, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Peat, Peatland, Ecology, Earth science, Climate, Macrofossil, Carbon sink, Permafrost, Sink (geography), Sciences de la Terre, Greenhouse gas, Environmental science, Palsa, Testate amoebae
Abstract

Peatlands are an important natural archive for past climatic changes, primarily due to their sensitivity to changes in the water balance and the dating possibilities of peat sediments. In addition, peatlands are an important sink as well as potential source of greenhouse gases. The first part of this chapter discusses a range of well-established and novel proxies studied in peat cores (peat humification, macrofossils, testate amoebae, stomatal records from subfossil leaves, organic biomarkers and stable isotope ratios, aeolian sediment influx and geochemistry) that are used for climatic and environmental reconstructions, as well as recent developments in the dating of these sediments. The second part focuses on the role that peatland ecosystems may play as a source or sink of greenhouse gases. Emphasis is placed on the past and future development of peatlands in the discontinuous permafrost areas of northern Scandinavia, and the role of regenerating mined peatlands in north-western Europe as a carbon sink or source.

Published
2010

8. An overview of atmospheric deposition chemistry over the Alps: present status and long-term trends

Author

Hans Puxbaum, M. Kalina, Maria Cristina Brizzio, Ulrike Nickus, Anne Thimonier, Raflaella Balestrini, Rosario Mosello, Anne Probst, Erwin Ulrich, Alberto Barbieri, Marcel Schmitt, Sylvia Arisci, Michela Rogora, Peter Waldner, Manfred Stähli, Frouvelle, Catherine, CNR Institute of Ecosystem Study (ISE), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Cantonal Agency for Water Protection and Treatment, Department of Hydrobiology Applied to Water Pollution, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Institute of Analytical Chemistry (IAC), Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Meteorology and Geophysics [Innsbruck], University of Innsbruck, Office National des Forêts, OFFICE NATIONAL DES FORETS, Laboratoire des Mécanismes et Transfert en Géologie (LMTG), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales - CNES (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - CNR (ITALY), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IRD (FRANCE), Technische Universität Wien - TU Wien (AUSTRIA), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Office National des Forêts - ONF (FRANCE), Forschungsanstalt für Wald, Schnee und Landschaft - WSL (SWITZERLAND), and University of Innsbruck (AUSTRIA)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Nitrogen, Precipitation chemistry, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, nitrogen, forest, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nutrient, Nitrate, Forest ecology, Trend, wet deposition, Foothills, Forest, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Pollutant, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Aquatic ecosystem, Géochimie, 15. Life on land, Trend analysis, precipitation chemistry, trend, Deposition (aerosol physics), chemistry, 13. Climate action, Wet deposition, Physical geography
Abstract

Several research programs monitoring atmospheric deposition have been launched in the Alpine countries in the last few decades. This paper uses data from previous and ongoing projects to: (i) investigate geographical variability in wet deposition chemistry over the Alps; (ii) assess temporal trends of the major chemical variables in response to changes in the atmospheric emission of pollutants; (iii) discuss the potential relationship between the status of atmospheric deposition and its effects on forest ecosystems in the alpine and subalpine area, focusing particularly on nitrogen input. We also present results of studies performed at a local level on specific topics such as long-term changes in lead deposition and the role of occult deposition in total nitrogen input. The analysis performed here highlights the marked geographical variability of atmospheric deposition in the Alpine region. Apart from some evidence of geographically limited effects, due to local sources, no obvious gradients were identified in the major ion deposition. The highest ionic loads were recorded in areas in the foothills of the Alps, such as the pre-alpine area in North-Western Italy and the area of Canton Ticino, Switzerland. Trend analysis shows a widespread decrease in the acidity of precipitation in the last 15–20 years as a consequence of the reduced emission of S compounds. On the other hand, nitrate concentrations in rain have not changed so much, and ammonium has decreased significantly only at the Austrian sampling sites. The deposition of N is still well above the estimated critical loads of nutrient N at some forest sites in the alpine and subalpine areas, thus confirming the critical situation of both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems regarding N inputs. Existing data highlights the importance of continuously monitoring atmospheric deposition chemistry in the Alpine area, taking account of acidifying elements, nutrients and other pollutants such as heavy metals and organic compounds. There is also a need for unifying sampling and analytical methods in order to obtain comparable data from the different regions of the Alps.

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