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Nitrosamines are carcinogenic agents which can unfavorably affect some male reproductive parameters. Humans are exposed to nitrosamines through various routes, the most important of which is the diet. Crocin is a carotenoid and is accountable for the red color of saffron. Crocin has numerous pharmacological actions, such as antioxidant roles and radical scavenging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Crocin against Nitrosamine - induced damage to the reproductive parameter of male rats. In this experimental study, 48 male rats were randomly assigned to 8 groups: control normal and Nitrosamine control groups (40 mg/kg); Crocin (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg) and Nitrosamine + Crocin (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg). Treatments were administered intraperitoneally and gavaged daily for 28 days. The sperm parameters, total antioxidant capacity, testosterone level, and seminiferous tube diameter were assessed. Nitrosamine significantly decreased sperm parameters (p<0.001). The Crocin and Crocin + Nitrosamine treatments at complete doses significantly improved all parameters (p<0.001). Crocin compensated for the toxic effect of Nitrosamine on reproductive parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Falcaria vulgaris Bernh (FV) is a plant of the Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) family, which is known as Ghaziaghi in the Iranian Azeri language and Paghaza in the west of Iran. This plant is usually consumed in spring as a local vegetable and food. FV is recommended by traditional medicine resources for the treatment of skin diseases, gastrointestinal complaints, liver disease, blood purification, and increasing breast milk. The presence of tannins and saponins and the absence of flavonoids and terpenoids have been shown in FV. As various significant properties and special characteristics of FV have been expressed in numerous studies, this study aimed to collect documents and summarize and classify the properties of this plant through a systematic review method. Materials and Methods: We extracted 304 articles by searching electronic databases using the following keywords: "Paghazeh," "Ghaziaghi," "Falcaria vulgaris Bernh," and "qazayagi." Then, after eliminating duplicates and unrelated studies, finally, 19 studies were entered into a systematic review. Results: Significant therapeutic effects have been reported for FV through studies investigating the medicinal properties of the plant, including antioxidant, antimicrobial and antidiabetic effects, healing properties of skin and stomach ulcers, and protection of the liver and kidney. Most of these effects are related to antioxidant content and the presence of tannins and saponins in the plant. Conclusion: FV has significant effects on treatment of various diseases in animal studies and can be concluded in human clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is regarded as the most important skill of the medical staff who is required to be aware of the latest changes to the CPR guidelines so that they can take the most effective actions in the critical conditions of CPR. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the levels of CPR literacy among the personnel of universities of medical sciences based in Kermanshah and Khuzestan provinces based on the latest 2015 CPR guidelines in 2019., Materials and Methods: In this descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study, 525 subjects were selected as the sample population using the two-stage cluster sampling. For data collection, a researcher-made questionnaire was used, whose content validity and reliability were confirmed ( r = 0.71). The study screened the data received and analyzed valid data set through the ttest and Spearman's correlation coefficient by incorporating SPSS Statistics software version 23.0. In addition, P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant., Results: The 2015 CPR literacy levels of the samples were as follows: excellent (85 subjects or 16.2%), good (404 subjects or 77%), and average (36 subjects or 6.9%). The results of Pearson's correlation coefficient revealed a weak and inverse relationship between the levels of CPR literacy and the age of samples ( r = -0.092) and work experience (-0.029), which were statistically significant. In addition, the results of Mann-Whitney U -test demonstrated that the level of CPR literacy among the personnel of Ahwaz University of Medical Sciences exceeded that among the personnel of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences ( P < 0.001)., Conclusion: It is suggested that in retraining the nursing and paramedical personnel, CPR be carried out with more emphasis on the changes introduced in this guideline compared to that in 2010, including esophageal tracheal airway, reasons for the cessation of CPR, intraosseous infusion, and induced hypothermia., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2021 Journal of Education and Health Promotion.)

Introduction: Over the past decades, the pattern of diseases in human societies had changed from infectious diseases to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), and according to the report by the World Health Organization, the highest burden of disease is attributed to NCDs. The study was conducted to determine the status of hypertension, type-2 diabetes, lipid disorders, and body mass index (BMI) among the patients aged over 30 years admitted to health centers of Karaj, Iran., Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the population included 2947 men and women aged 30 years and above admitted to six health-care centers in Karaj. The questionnaire includes demographic characteristics and had the questions on hypertension, diabetes and their risk factors, like lipid disorders and BMI was administered. The data were analyzed in SPSS, version 23, software using descriptive (frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation) and analytical (Chi-square and analysis of variance) tests ( P < 0.01)., Results: About 10% of the participants had diabetes and 15% of the participants had hypertension. About 32% of the participants had dyslipidemia and 87% of the participants were overweight or obese and over 35% were obese. Furthermore, with the increase in BMI, the prevalence of lipid disorder, hypertension, and type-2 diabetes increased in the studied population ( P < 0.01)., Conclusion: According to the results, a high percentage of people had hypertension, type-2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and BMI in the population. Gender segregation showed that lipid disorders, overweight, and obesity in women were more than in men and percentage of people with hypertension among male were significantly higher than in females. In the case of type-2 diabetes, the results showed no statistically significant differences between men and women. The results may be helpful in developing educational strategies and prevention and control of these diseases., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2020 Journal of Education and Health Promotion.)