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Formicococcus robustus (Ezzat & McConnell) revived combination Planococcoides robustus Ezzat & McConnell, 1956: 59. Indococcus pipalae Ali, 1967: 35. Dysmicoccus cucurbitae Avasthi & Shafee, 1986: 437. Planococcoides bengalensis Ghosh & Ghose, 1988: 604. Ferrisicoccus cucurbitae, Tang, 1992: 286. Change of combination. Ferrisicoccus psidii Mukhopadhyay & Ghose, 1994: 71. Formicococcus robustus Williams, 2004: 307. Change of combination. Paraputo robustus, Danzig & Gavrilov-Zimin 2015: 18. Change of combination. The species was described and illustrated by Ezzat & McConnell (1956) based on a single adult female found on mango, Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae) imported into the U.S.A. from India and intercepted in New York. The four junior synonyms of this species are all based on specimens collected in India; for a full synonymy with collection data and depositories for type specimens, refer to ScaleNet (García Morales et al. 2016). When Williams (2004) revised the genus Formicococcus, he examined many specimens of F. robustus from India, Pakistan and Bangladesh and provided a revised description, two illustrations of the adult females from different collections, and discussed the morphology. Danzig & Gavrilov-Zimin (2015) transferred the species to Paraputo Laing because it has 6 anal ring setae; they restricted the definition of Formicococcus to species with more than 6 anal ring setae, although they transferred only two species of Formicococcus, viz., F. robustus and F. lingnani (known from India) to Paraputo. However, as discussed by Williams (2004) and Zhang & Wu (2017), the number of anal ring setae is not a robust genus-level character, especially as the number of setae can vary between the two sides of the anal ring. Furthermore, in both genera there are 6 basic anal ring setae and, if more are present, the extra setae are usually short and slender and variable in position. Adult females of Formicococcus and Paraputo are morphologically similar and these genera clearly are related, but have been distinguished by the presence (Formicococcus) or absence (Paraputo) of the anal lobe bar (Williams 2004; Zhang & Wu 2017). Formicococcus robustus and the other seven species of this genus known from India each have anal lobe bars. The type species of Formicococcus, F. cinnamomi Takahashi, is from Taiwan (Takahashi 1928; Ezzat & McConnell 1956; Tu et al. 1988), whereas the type species of Paraputo, now called P. anomalus (Newstead), is from Africa (and was redescribed by Williams 1958)., Published as part of Joshi, Sunil, Jose, Bindu K., Gullan, Penny, Sajeev, T. V. & Anoop, E. V., 2020, A new species of mealybug (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) from Tectona grandis L. f. (Lamiaceae) in southern India, pp. 391-400 in Zootaxa 4718 (3) on page 393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4718.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/3602550, {"references":["Ezzat, Y. M. & McConnell, H. S. (1956) A classification of the mealybug tribe Planococcini (Pseudococcidae: Homoptera). Bulletin of the Maryland Agriculture Experiment Station, A- 84, 1 - 108.","Ali, S. M. (1967) Description of a new and records of some known coccids (Homoptera) from Bihar, India. Oriental Insects, 1, 29 - 43. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.1967.10433849","Avasthi, R. K. & Shafee, S. A. (1986) Another new species of mealybug genus Dysmicoccus Ferris (Homoptera, Pseudococcidae) from India. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 59, 435 - 438.","Ghosh, L. C. & Ghose, S. K. (1988) A new species of the genus Planococcoides (Homoptera, Pseudococcidae) with descriptions of all the instars of female and male. Environment & Ecology, 6, 604 - 610.","Tang, F. T. (1992) The Pseudococcidae of China. Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 768 pp.","Mukhopadhyay, A. K. & Ghose, S. K. (1994) A new guava mealybug, Ferrisicoccus psidii n. sp. (Pseudococcidae, Homoptera) from south India. Proceedings of the Zoological Society, Calcutta, 47, 71 - 73.","Williams, D. J. (2004) Mealybugs of southern Asia. The Natural History Museum, London, and Southdene SDN, BHD, Kuala Lumpur, 896 pp.","Danzig, E. M. & Gavrilov-Zimin, I. A. (2015) Palaearctic mealybugs (Homoptera: Coccinea: Pseudococcidae). Part 2. Subfamily Pseudococcinae. Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg, 619 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.31610 / zsr / 2015.24.2.236","Garcia Morales, M., Denno, B. D., Miller, D. R., Miller, G. L., Ben-Dov, Y. & Hardy, N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database, 2016, bav 118. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 20 June 2019) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118","Zhang, J. - T. & Wu, S. A. (2017) A study of the genus Paraputo Laing, 1929 of China, with description of two new species (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccomorpha). ZooKeys, 709, 57 - 70. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 709.15161","Takahashi, R. (1928) Coccidae of Formosa (2). Transactions of the Natural History Society of Formosa, Taihoku, 18, 253 - 261.","Tu, W., Wu, W. & Lee, P. (1988) Planococcini of Taiwan (Homoptera: Pseudoccidae). Annual of Taiwan Museum, 31, 71 - 101.","Williams, D. J. (1958) Mealybugs (Pseudococcidae: Homoptera) described by W. M. Maskell, R. Newstead, T. D. A. Cockerell and E. E. Green from the Ethiopian region. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, 6, 205 - 236."]}

Formicococcus robustus (Ezzat & McConnell) (Fig. 14) Planococcoides robustus Ezzat & McConnell, 1956: 59. Indococcus pipalae Ali, 1967: 35. Planococcoides bengalensis Ghosh & Ghose, 1988: 604. Ferrisicoccus psidii Mukhopadhyay & Ghose, 1994: 71. DIAGNOSIS. Body of adult female broadly oval, membranous. Antennae 8 segmented. Anal lobe bar present forwards from bar seta but sometimes complete. Legs well developed. Translucent pores present on anterior and posterior surfaces of hind coxa and on posterior surface of hind tibia. Cerarii numbering 18 pairs. Anal lobe cerarii each bearing 2���5 conical setae of different sizes, accompanied by a group of trilocular pores and usually 1 or 2 auxiliary setae. Penultimate cerarii (C 17) each with as many as 8 conical setae of different sizes. Cerarii on abdominal segments III���VI each with 8 or fewer conical setae but usually with more than 2. Cerarii anterior to abdominal segment III variable, often with full complement present, each cerarious bearing at least 2 conical setae or sometimes more. Circulus present, divided by an intersegmental line. Ostioles well developed. Dorsal setae short and stiff, some on posterior abdominal segments longer than more anterior setae. Ventral setae flagellate. Ventral multilocular disc pores present posterior to vulva, and in single to double rows in medial areas along posterior edges of abdominal segments V ���VII. Trilocular pores evenly distributed. Discoidal pores minute, scattered. Oral collar ducts present on venter only, of 2 sizes: large type in small groups usually on margins of abdominal segments V���VII, and small type, each narrower than a trilocular pore, medially across abdominal segments V���VII and anterior to large type on abdominal segments V���VII on margins and on anal lobes. DISTRIBUTION. Oriental, Palaearctic: Iran. In Iran, F. robustus occurs in Hormozgan. It is known from 15 plant families worldwide (Ben-Dov et al., 2012). MATERIAL EXAMINED. Hormozgan: Gheshm Island, Band-e Hajali, 3 adult ��, on Prosopis spicigera (Fabaceae), 07.iii. 2001. COMMENTS. At present, F. robutus is known to occur throughout Bangladesh, India and Pakistan, but this species will probably be found over a much wider area (Williams, 2004). This mealybug was probably imported into Iran on agricultural products., Published as part of Moghaddam, Masumeh, 2013, A review of the mealybugs (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae, Putoidae and Rhizoecidae) of Iran, with descriptions of four new species and three new records for the Iranian fauna, pp. 1-107 in Zootaxa 3632 (1) on pages 28-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3632.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/217619

Formicococcus robustus (Ezzat & McConnell) (Fig. 14) Planococcoides robustus Ezzat & McConnell, 1956: 59. Indococcus pipalae Ali, 1967: 35. Planococcoides bengalensis Ghosh & Ghose, 1988: 604. Ferrisicoccus psidii Mukhopadhyay & Ghose, 1994: 71. DIAGNOSIS. Body of adult female broadly oval, membranous. Antennae 8 segmented. Anal lobe bar present forwards from bar seta but sometimes complete. Legs well developed. Translucent pores present on anterior and posterior surfaces of hind coxa and on posterior surface of hind tibia. Cerarii numbering 18 pairs. Anal lobe cerarii each bearing 2–5 conical setae of different sizes, accompanied by a group of trilocular pores and usually 1 or 2 auxiliary setae. Penultimate cerarii (C 17) each with as many as 8 conical setae of different sizes. Cerarii on abdominal segments III–VI each with 8 or fewer conical setae but usually with more than 2. Cerarii anterior to abdominal segment III variable, often with full complement present, each cerarious bearing at least 2 conical setae or sometimes more. Circulus present, divided by an intersegmental line. Ostioles well developed. Dorsal setae short and stiff, some on posterior abdominal segments longer than more anterior setae. Ventral setae flagellate. Ventral multilocular disc pores present posterior to vulva, and in single to double rows in medial areas along posterior edges of abdominal segments V −VII. Trilocular pores evenly distributed. Discoidal pores minute, scattered. Oral collar ducts present on venter only, of 2 sizes: large type in small groups usually on margins of abdominal segments V–VII, and small type, each narrower than a trilocular pore, medially across abdominal segments V–VII and anterior to large type on abdominal segments V–VII on margins and on anal lobes. DISTRIBUTION. Oriental, Palaearctic: Iran. In Iran, F. robustus occurs in Hormozgan. It is known from 15 plant families worldwide (Ben-Dov et al., 2012). MATERIAL EXAMINED. Hormozgan: Gheshm Island, Band-e Hajali, 3 adult Ƥ, on Prosopis spicigera (Fabaceae), 07.iii. 2001. COMMENTS. At present, F. robutus is known to occur throughout Bangladesh, India and Pakistan, but this species will probably be found over a much wider area (Williams, 2004). This mealybug was probably imported into Iran on agricultural products.