10 results on '"Formale Grammatik"'
Search Results
2. Logic, Language, Information and Computation : 16th International Workshop, WoLLIC 2009, Tokyo, Japan, June 21-24, 2009, Proceedings
- Author
-
Hiroakira Ono, Makoto Kanazawa, Ruy de Queiroz, Hiroakira Ono, Makoto Kanazawa, and Ruy de Queiroz
- Subjects
- Kongress, Tokio (2009), Logic, Symbolic and mathematical--Congresses, Berechnungstheorie--Logik--Tokio <2009>--Kon, Formale Methode--Tokio <2009>--Kongress, Natu¨rliche Sprache--Formale Syntax--Formale G, Programmierlogik--Tokio <2009>--Kongress, Berechnungstheorie, Formale Grammatik, Formale Methode
- Abstract
Edited in collaboration with FoLLI, the Association of Logic, Language and Information, this book constitutes the 4th volume of the FoLLI LNAI subline; containing the refereed proceedings of the 16h International Workshop on Logic, Language, Information and Computation, WoLLIC 2009, held in Tokyo, Japan, in June 2009. The 25 revised full papers presented together with six tutorials and invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 57 submissions. The papers cover some of the most active areas of research on the frontiers between computation, logic, and linguistics, with particular interest in cross-disciplinary topics. Typical areas of interest are: foundations of computing and programming; novel computation models and paradigms; broad notions of proof and belief; formal methods in software and hardware development; logical approach to natural language and reasoning; logics of programs, actions and resources; foundational aspects of information organization, search, flow, sharing, and protection.
- Published
- 2009
3. Grammar Inference for Variability Management
- Author
-
Jahn, Michael Sebastian
- Subjects
Syntaxbaum ,Formale Grammatik ,Variante ,Parser - Abstract
eingereicht von Michael Sebastian Jahn, BSc. Kurzfassungen in deutscher und englischer Sprache Universität Linz, Univ., Masterarbeit, 2016
- Published
- 2016
4. Position-and-Length-Dependent Context-Free Grammars - A New Type of Restricted Rewriting
- Author
-
Weinberg, Frank
- Subjects
TheoryofComputation_MATHEMATICALLOGICANDFORMALLANGUAGES ,Endlicher Automat ,Formale Sprache ,Formale Grammatik ,Computer Science::Computation and Language (Computational Linguistics and Natural Language and Speech Processing) ,ddc:004 ,Computer Science::Formal Languages and Automata Theory ,Kellerautomat - Abstract
For many decades, the search for language classes that extend the context-free laguages enough to include various languages that arise in practice, while still keeping as many of the useful properties that context-free grammars have - most notably cubic parsing time - has been one of the major areas of research in formal language theory. In this thesis we add a new family of classes to this field, namely position-and-length-dependent context-free grammars. Our classes use the approach of regulated rewriting, where derivations in a context-free base grammar are allowed or forbidden based on, e.g., the sequence of rules used in a derivation or the sentential forms, each rule is applied to. For our new classes we look at the yield of each rule application, i.e. the subword of the final word that eventually is derived from the symbols introduced by the rule application. The position and length of the yield in the final word define the position and length of the rule application and each rule is associated a set of positions and lengths where it is allowed to be applied. We show that - unless the sets of allowed positions and lengths are really complex - the languages in our classes can be parsed in the same time as context-free grammars, using slight adaptations of well-known parsing algorithms. We also show that they form a proper hierarchy above the context-free languages and examine their relation to language classes defined by other types of regulated rewriting. We complete the treatment of the language classes by introducing pushdown automata with position counter, an extension of traditional pushdown automata that recognizes the languages generated by position-and-length-dependent context-free grammars, and we examine various closure and decidability properties of our classes. Additionally, we gather the corresponding results for the subclasses that use right-linear resp. left-linear base grammars and the corresponding class of automata, finite automata with position counter. Finally, as an application of our idea, we introduce length-dependent stochastic context-free grammars and show how they can be employed to improve the quality of predictions for RNA secondary structures.
- Published
- 2014
5. Bellman's GAP : a 2nd generation language and system for algebraic dynamic programming
- Author
-
Sauthoff, Georg
- Subjects
Regular Tree Grammars ,Dynamic Programming ,Domänenspezifische Programmiersprache ,Table Design ,Formale Grammatik ,RNA Structure Prediction ,Optimierender Compiler ,Dynamische Optimierung - Abstract
The dissertation describes the new Bellmans GAP which is a programming system for writing dynamic programming algorithms over sequential data. It is the second generation implementation of the algebraic dynamic programming framework (ADP). The system includes the multi-paradigm language (GAP-L), its compiler (GAP-C), functional modules (GAP-M) and a web site (GAP Pages) to experiment with GAP-L programs. GAP-L includes declarative constructs, e.g. tree grammars to model the search space, and imperative constructs for programming advanced scoring functions. The syntax of GAP-L is similar to C/Java to lower usage barriers. GAP-C translates the high-level and index-free GAP-L programs into efficient C++-Code, which is competitive with handwritten code. It includes a novel table design optimization algorithm, support for dynamic programming (DP) over multiple sequences (multi-track DP), sampling, optional top-down evaluation, various backtracing schemes etc. GAP-M includes modules for use in GAP-L programs. Examples are efficient representations of classification data types and sampling as well as filter helper functions. GAP Pages contain web dialogs for selected text book dynamic programming algorithms implemented in GAP-L. The web dialogs allow interactive ad-hoc experiments with different inputs and combinations of algebras. Several benchmarks and examples in the dissertation show the practical efficiency of Bellmans GAP in terms of program runtime and development time.
- Published
- 2010
6. Descriptional complexity of CD grammar systems
- Author
-
Sunckel, Bettina
- Subjects
Formale Grammatik ,ddc:004 ,Beschreibungskomplexität - Abstract
In der klassischen Theorie der formalen Sprachen gehört die Beschreibung von Sprachen durch Grammatiken oder Automaten zu den wichtigen Themen. Im Gegensatz zu diesen Modellen, die aus einer einzelnen Komponente bestehen, beschäftigt sich die Informatik heute aber immer häufiger mit verteilten Systemen, deren Komponenten auf verschiedene Art und Weise zusammenarbeiten. Eine Möglichkeit, dieses Konzept auf die Theorie der formalen Sprachen zu übertragen, ist die Definition von Grammatiksystemen. Ein Grammatiksystem besteht aus mehreren Grammatiken, die nach bestimmten Regeln zusammenarbeiten. Hauptsächlich unterscheidet man dabei zwischen sequentieller und paralleler Kooperation. In dieser Arbeitwerden kontextfreie „cooperating distributed“ (CD) Grammatiksysteme, ein Modell mit sequentieller Kooperation, betrachtet. Zur Erzeugung eines Wortes arbeiten dabei mehrere kontextfreie Grammatiken, die Komponenten, an einer gemeinsamen Satzform. Zu jedem Zeitpunkt ist immer nur eine einzige Komponente aktiv. Der Schwerpunkt der Arbeit liegt auf der Beschreibungskomplexität von CD Grammatiksystemen. Dabei wird zuerst auf die verschiedenen Maße für die Größe oder statische Komplexität eines CD Grammatiksystems eingegangen. Ein wichtiges Ergebnis im ersten Teil der Arbeit ist, daß man für CD Grammatiksysteme und insbesondere hybride CD Grammatiksysteme, eine Verallgemeinerung von kontextfreien CD Grammatiksystemen, einige dieser Maße nach oben beschränken kann. Darunter fallen die Anzahl der Komponenten und die maximale Anzahl von Produktionen in einer Komponente. Hält man einen der beiden Parameter fest, so entsteht eine unendliche Hierarchie über dem anderen Parameter. Der zweite Teil der Arbeit konzentriert sich darauf, Ergebnisse für Größenmaße zu erzielen, die nicht nur einzelne Aspekte der Komplexität, sondern die gesamte Größe oder Länge eines CD Grammatiksystems darstellen. Dafür werden CD Grammatiksysteme geeignet eingeschränkt. Man erhält metalineare Systeme und Systeme von endlichem Index. Im Gegensatz zum unbeschränkten Modell kann hier die generative Mächtigkeit sehr genau charakterisiert werden und es können Hilfsmittel wie Pumpinglemmata gezeigt werden.Weitere Resultate sind eine unendliche Hierarchie über der Breite beziehungsweise dem Index solcher Grammatiksysteme. Das wesentliches Resultat im zweiten Teil dieser Arbeit besteht daraus, daß zwischen zwei Klassen von diesen eingeschränkten CD Grammatiksystemen, deren entsprechende Sprachklassen echt ineinander enthalten sind, nichtrekursive Tradeoffs existieren. Das heißt, daß sich der Größenzuwachs beim Wechsel von der stärkeren Klasse von CD Grammatiksystemen in die schwächere durch keine rekursive Funktion beschränken läßt. Grammar systems are models of distributed systems in terms of formal grammars. They consist of several components where each component is a grammar. Apart from a parallel model in which the components contribute to a derivation simultaneously, there are sequential models, namely the cooperating distributed (CD) grammar systems. At one point of time only one component contributes to the derivation and is called the active component. The derivation mode defines how long productions of a component can be used and when the next component becomes active. When investigating classes of grammars, not only the generative capacity but also the conciseness and the simplicity of the description of the generated language classes are of interest. In case we can describe a class of languages with two different types of language generating devices, the question arises, whether there are differences concerning the size of the description. First, we investigate descriptional complexity aspects of hybrid CD grammar systems. In contrast to the general CD grammar system the components of a hybrid CD grammar systeme each have a derivation mode of their own. For some hybrid CD grammar systems it is possible to find equivalent systems that consist of only five components. For these hybrid CD grammar systems we can also construct equivalent systems with at most six productions in a component. If one of the two parameters is fixed, the other one induces an infinite hierarchy of language classes. Metalinear CD grammar systems are context-free CD grammar systems where each component consists of metalinear productions. The maximal number of nonterminals in all starting productions is referred to as the width of a CD grammar system. We show that between the class of CD grammar systems of width m+1 and of width m there are savings concerning the size of the grammar system not bounded by any recursive function. This is called a non-recursive trade-off. Furthermore, it is proven that there are non-recursive trade-offs between the class of metalinear CD grammar systems of width m and the class of (2m-1)-linear context-free grammars. In addition, some decidability results are presented. When we restrict a context-free CD grammar system in such a way that for each word w in the generated language there has to be at least one derivation where only m or less nonterminals are present in each sentential form, we obtain the class of CD grammar systems of index m. It is proven that between the language class generated by CD grammar systems of index m+1 and of index m there are savings concerning the size of the description not bounded by any recursive function. Additionally, it is shown that there are non-recursive trade-offs between the class of languages generated by CD grammar systems of index m and metalinear CD grammar systems of width m.
- Published
- 2007
7. Dependency structures and lexicalized grammars
- Author
-
Kuhlmann, Marco and Smolka, Gert
- Subjects
Dependenzstruktur ,computational linguistics ,Lexikalisierte Grammatik ,Linguistische Datenverarbeitung ,Formale Grammatik ,lexicalized grammar formalism ,ddc:004 ,ddc:620 ,dependency structure - Abstract
In this dissertation, we show that that both the generative capacity and the parsing complexity of lexicalized grammar formalisms are systematically related to structural properties of the dependency structures that these formalisms can induce. Dependency structures model the syntactic dependencies among the words of a sentence. We identify three empirically relevant classes of dependency structures, and show how they can be characterized both in terms of restrictions on the relation between dependency and word-order and within an algebraic framework. In the second part of the dissertation, we develop natural notions of automata and grammars for dependency structures, show how these yield infinite hierarchies of ever more powerful dependency languages, and classify several grammar formalisms with respect to the languages in these hierarchies that they are able to characterize. Our results provide fundamental insights into the relation between dependency structures and lexicalized grammars. In dieser Arbeit zeigen wir, dass sowohl die Ausdrucksmächtigkeit als auch die Verarbeitungskomplexität von lexikalisierten Grammatikformalismen auf systematische Art und Weise von strukturellen Eigenschaften der Dependenzstrukturen abhängen, die diese Formalismen induzieren. Dependenzstrukturen modellieren die syntaktischen Abhängigkeiten zwischen den Wörtern eines Satzes. Wir identifizieren drei empirisch relevante Klassen von Dependenzstrukturen und zeigen, wie sich diese sowohl durch Einschränkungen der Interaktion zwischen Dependenz und Wortstellung, als auch in einem algebraischen Rahmen charakterisieren lassen. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit entwickeln wir natürliche Begriffe von Automaten und Grammatiken für Dependenzstrukturen, zeigen, wie diese zu unendlichen Hierarchien immer ausdrucksmächtigerer Dependenzsprachen führen, und klassifizieren mehrere Grammatikformalismen in Bezug auf die Sprachen in diesen Hierarchien, die von ihnen charakterisiert werden können. Unsere Resultate liefern grundlegende Einsichten in das Verhältnis zwischen Dependenzstrukturen und lexikalisierten Grammatiken.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Beschreibungskomplexität von CD-Grammatiksystemen
- Author
-
Sunckel, Bettina and Sunckel, Bettina
- Abstract
In der klassischen Theorie der formalen Sprachen gehört die Beschreibung von Sprachen durch Grammatiken oder Automaten zu den wichtigen Themen. Im Gegensatz zu diesen Modellen, die aus einer einzelnen Komponente bestehen, beschäftigt sich die Informatik heute aber immer häufiger mit verteilten Systemen, deren Komponenten auf verschiedene Art und Weise zusammenarbeiten. Eine Möglichkeit, dieses Konzept auf die Theorie der formalen Sprachen zu übertragen, ist die Definition von Grammatiksystemen. Ein Grammatiksystem besteht aus mehreren Grammatiken, die nach bestimmten Regeln zusammenarbeiten. Hauptsächlich unterscheidet man dabei zwischen sequentieller und paralleler Kooperation. In dieser Arbeitwerden kontextfreie „cooperating distributed“ (CD) Grammatiksysteme, ein Modell mit sequentieller Kooperation, betrachtet. Zur Erzeugung eines Wortes arbeiten dabei mehrere kontextfreie Grammatiken, die Komponenten, an einer gemeinsamen Satzform. Zu jedem Zeitpunkt ist immer nur eine einzige Komponente aktiv. Der Schwerpunkt der Arbeit liegt auf der Beschreibungskomplexität von CD Grammatiksystemen. Dabei wird zuerst auf die verschiedenen Maße für die Größe oder statische Komplexität eines CD Grammatiksystems eingegangen. Ein wichtiges Ergebnis im ersten Teil der Arbeit ist, daß man für CD Grammatiksysteme und insbesondere hybride CD Grammatiksysteme, eine Verallgemeinerung von kontextfreien CD Grammatiksystemen, einige dieser Maße nach oben beschränken kann. Darunter fallen die Anzahl der Komponenten und die maximale Anzahl von Produktionen in einer Komponente. Hält man einen der beiden Parameter fest, so entsteht eine unendliche Hierarchie über dem anderen Parameter. Der zweite Teil der Arbeit konzentriert sich darauf, Ergebnisse für Größenmaße zu erzielen, die nicht nur einzelne Aspekte der Komplexität, sondern die gesamte Größe oder Länge eines CD Grammatiksystems darstellen. Dafür werden CD Grammatiksysteme geeignet eingeschränkt. Man erhält metalineare Systeme und Syste, Grammar systems are models of distributed systems in terms of formal grammars. They consist of several components where each component is a grammar. Apart from a parallel model in which the components contribute to a derivation simultaneously, there are sequential models, namely the cooperating distributed (CD) grammar systems. At one point of time only one component contributes to the derivation and is called the active component. The derivation mode defines how long productions of a component can be used and when the next component becomes active. When investigating classes of grammars, not only the generative capacity but also the conciseness and the simplicity of the description of the generated language classes are of interest. In case we can describe a class of languages with two different types of language generating devices, the question arises, whether there are differences concerning the size of the description. First, we investigate descriptional complexity aspects of hybrid CD grammar systems. In contrast to the general CD grammar system the components of a hybrid CD grammar systeme each have a derivation mode of their own. For some hybrid CD grammar systems it is possible to find equivalent systems that consist of only five components. For these hybrid CD grammar systems we can also construct equivalent systems with at most six productions in a component. If one of the two parameters is fixed, the other one induces an infinite hierarchy of language classes. Metalinear CD grammar systems are context-free CD grammar systems where each component consists of metalinear productions. The maximal number of nonterminals in all starting productions is referred to as the width of a CD grammar system. We show that between the class of CD grammar systems of width m+1 and of width m there are savings concerning the size of the grammar system not bounded by any recursive function. This is called a non-recursive trade-off. Furthermore, it is proven that there are non
- Published
- 2007
9. Position-and-Length-Dependent Context-Free Grammars - A New Type of Restricted Rewriting
- Author
-
Weinberg, Frank and Weinberg, Frank
- Abstract
For many decades, the search for language classes that extend the context-free laguages enough to include various languages that arise in practice, while still keeping as many of the useful properties that context-free grammars have - most notably cubic parsing time - has been one of the major areas of research in formal language theory. In this thesis we add a new family of classes to this field, namely position-and-length-dependent context-free grammars. Our classes use the approach of regulated rewriting, where derivations in a context-free base grammar are allowed or forbidden based on, e.g., the sequence of rules used in a derivation or the sentential forms, each rule is applied to. For our new classes we look at the yield of each rule application, i.e. the subword of the final word that eventually is derived from the symbols introduced by the rule application. The position and length of the yield in the final word define the position and length of the rule application and each rule is associated a set of positions and lengths where it is allowed to be applied. We show that - unless the sets of allowed positions and lengths are really complex - the languages in our classes can be parsed in the same time as context-free grammars, using slight adaptations of well-known parsing algorithms. We also show that they form a proper hierarchy above the context-free languages and examine their relation to language classes defined by other types of regulated rewriting. We complete the treatment of the language classes by introducing pushdown automata with position counter, an extension of traditional pushdown automata that recognizes the languages generated by position-and-length-dependent context-free grammars, and we examine various closure and decidability properties of our classes. Additionally, we gather the corresponding results for the subclasses that use right-linear resp. left-linear base grammars and the corresponding class of automata, finite automata with posit
10. Formale Logik und Grammatik
- Author
-
Hans Jürgen Heringer
- Subjects
Mathematik ,Formale Sprache ,Formale Grammatik ,Mathematische Linguistik - Published
- 1972
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.