42 results on '"Forget, H."'
Search Results
2. OVER-RELIANCE ON THE MOUTH AREA IN THE VISUAL SCANPATHS ARE ALSO OBSERVED WITH OLDER EMOTIONAL FACE
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Forget H, Youna Dion-Marcoux, Blais C, and Fiset D
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Communication ,Abstracts ,Health (social science) ,business.industry ,Face (sociological concept) ,Life-span and Life-course Studies ,Psychology ,business ,Health Professions (miscellaneous) ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Previous studies have shown that aging is associated with a reduced accuracy at recognizing some facial expressions (Calder et al., 2003; West et al., 2012). It has been proposed that this deficit is linked with altered visual scanpaths: elderly fixate more the mouth area than younger participants (Wong et al., 2005). However, these results were obtained using pictures of young individuals’ face instead of individuals of the same age group as the participants. This study therefore compared the visual scanpaths of older (N=31; Mage=71.8) and younger adults (N=31; Mage=22.6) during the recognition of facial emotions displayed by young and older faces (five identities each). The task consisted in categorizing the six basic emotions, while eye movement were recorded. Accuracy scores were calculated for each expression and stimulus age. A repeated-measures ANOVA conducted on participants’ accuracy scores revealed an interaction between participant’s age, stimulus age and emotion [F(5,300)=7.13, p
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- 2017
3. OVER-RELIANCE ON THE MOUTH AREA IN THE VISUAL SCANPATHS ARE ALSO OBSERVED WITH OLDER EMOTIONAL FACE
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Dion-Marcoux, Y., primary, Blais, C., additional, Fiset, D., additional, and Forget, H., additional
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- 2017
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4. AGE-RELATED IMPACT OF ABILITY AT IDENTIFYING FACIAL EXPRESSION ON UTILIZATION OF VISUAL INFORMATION
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Dion-Marcoux, Y., primary, Blais, C., additional, Forget, H., additional, and Fiset, D., additional
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- 2017
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5. Altered diurnal pattern of steroid hormones in relation to various behaviors, external factors and pathologies: A review
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Collomp, K., primary, Baillot, A., additional, Forget, H., additional, Coquerel, A., additional, Rieth, N., additional, and Vibarel-Rebot, N., additional
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- 2016
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6. AGE-RELATED IMPACT OF ABILITY AT IDENTIFYING FACIAL EXPRESSION ON UTILIZATION OF VISUAL INFORMATION
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Blais C, Fiset D, Youna Dion-Marcoux, and Forget H
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Abstracts ,Facial expression ,Health (social science) ,Text mining ,business.industry ,Speech recognition ,Age related ,Pattern recognition ,Artificial intelligence ,Life-span and Life-course Studies ,business ,Psychology ,Health Professions (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Previous studies have shown that aging is associated with difficulties at recognizing some facial expressions (Calder and al., 2003; West and al., 2012). Circelli et al., (2013) showed that this alteration in performance is linked to changes in the older adults’ visual scanpaths. We recently showed that despite displaying different visual scanpaths, older and younger participants use the same facial features on average to accurately categorize the basic facial expressions (Dion-Marcoux et al., 2016). However, we also observed some heterogeneity in the ability of our participant to categorize expressions, and these differences in the ability may be linked to the visual strategies used. This study compared the impact of ability at categorizing expression on the use of visual information of older (N=31; Mage=71.8) and younger adults (N=31; Mage=22.6). The Bubbles method (Gosselin & Schyns, 2001) was used to measure information utilization during a facial expression categorization task of basic emotions displayed by young and elderly faces (five identities each). A separate facial expression categorization task was used to measure ability. Classification images representing the visual information that was correlated with the ability at identifying facial expressions were separately obtained for each facial expression, facial age, and participants’ age group. The results showed that participants’ ability modulate the visual information utilized by older, but not younger, adults. Future analyses will allow verifying if the older participants with the highest performance alteration reveal visual strategies that differ from those of young participants, and if these differences can predict their alteration.
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- 2017
7. The impact of psychological stress on the contrast sensitivity function
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Deschenes, A., primary, Duncan, J., additional, Daudelin-Peltier, C., additional, Dion Marcoux, Y., additional, Blais, C., additional, Fiset, D., additional, and Forget, H., additional
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- 2014
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8. The association between self‐reported daily hassles and cortisol levels in depression and anxiety in community living older adults
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Vasiliadis, H.‐M., primary, Forget, H., additional, and Préville, M., additional
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- 2012
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9. The association between self-reported daily hassles and cortisol levels in depression and anxiety in community living older adults.
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Vasiliadis, H.‐M., Forget, H., and Préville, M.
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DEPRESSION in old age , *ANXIETY in old age , *PSYCHOLOGICAL stress research , *HYDROCORTISONE , *MIND & body - Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to assess whether the association, in a naturalistic setting, between daily hassles and diurnal salivary cortisol differs in the presence of depression and anxiety in older adults. Methods Data were assessed in a large representative community sample of older adults ( n = 1760). A multinomial analysis was used to study as an outcome variable: no disorder, depression only, anxiety only and depression and anxiety, as a function of daily hassles and cortisol levels controlling for age, gender and time of saliva collection. Multivariate regression analyses were also carried out to test the association between daily hassles and cortisol levels stratified by depression and anxiety status. Results A significant positive association was observed between the number of daily hassles reported and cortisol levels in participants with no depression and no anxiety and in participants with anxiety. Participants without depression and anxiety, and those with depression only, had significant lower cortisol levels later in the day. This was not observed in respondents with anxiety. Conclusion Stressors such as daily hassles are associated with cortisol secretion in depression and anxiety in older adults in a large epidemiologic setting. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
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10. Glucocorticoïdes et cognition.
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Lupien, S, primary and Forget, H, additional
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- 1995
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11. Life After Birth: The Influence of Steroid Hormones on Cerebral Structure and Function Is Not Fixed Prenatally
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Forget, H., primary and Cohen, H., additional
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- 1994
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12. Chronic glucocorticoid hypersecretion in Cushing's syndrome exacerbates cognitive aging.
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Michaud K, Forget H, and Cohen H
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Cumulative exposure to glucocorticoid hormones (GC) over the lifespan has been associated with cognitive impairment and may contribute to physical and cognitive degeneration in aging. The objective of the present study was to examine whether the pattern of cognitive deficits in patients with Cushing's syndrome (CS), a disorder characterized by chronic exposure to elevated levels of glucocorticoids (GC), is similar to that observed in older individuals. Ten subjects with CS were compared to sex-, age-, and education-matched healthy controls and older subjects (age of CS subjects+15 yr). All participants were administered tests to assess attention, visuospatial processing, learning and memory, reasoning, concept formation and verbal fluency. MANCOVAs with depression scores as covariate and polynomial contrasts revealed that the age-matched control group performed better than the CS and older subject groups in visual target detection, trail making test, stroop task, digit symbol substitution, block design, object assembly, visual reproduction, spatial memory and similarities. The CS and older subjects performed similarly on these tasks. Further, a principal component analysis revealed two significant factors, representing general cognitive function and verbal memory explaining 39.9% and 10.0% of the variance, respectively. Additional MANCOVAs with depression as a covariate revealed that CS and older control subjects showed impaired performance on general cognitive function compared to age-matched controls. These results suggest that hypersecretion of GCs has 'aging-like' effects on cognitive performance in individuals with CS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2009
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13. Control of Phospholipid Turnover and Prolactin Release in a Dopamine-Sensitive, Prolactin-Secreting Rat Pituitary Adenoma and in Two Dopamine-Resistant, Prolactin-Secreting Rat Pituitary Tumors
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Forget, H., primary, Huot, C., additional, and Collu, R., additional
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- 1990
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14. Regulation of Basal and Stimulated Prolactin Release in Prolactin-Secreting Rat Pituitary Tumors.
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Lafond, J., Bouvier, C., Forget, H., Lagace, G., Kaufman, S., and Collu, R.
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- 1989
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15. Persistent cognitive impairment following surgical treatment of Cushing's syndrome
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Forget, H., Lacroix, A., and Cohen, H.
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- 2002
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16. MMQ cells: a model for evaluating the role of G proteins in the modulation of prolactin release
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Forget, H., Painson, J.-C., Drews, R. T., and Lagace, G.
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- 1993
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17. Stress and emotion recognition predict the relationship between a history of maltreatment and sensitive parenting behaviors: A moderated-moderation.
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Bérubé A, Pearson J, Blais C, and Forget H
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Our study proposes to examine how stress and emotion recognition interact with a history of maltreatment to influence sensitive parenting behaviors. A sample of 58 mothers and their children aged between 2 and 5 years old were recruited. Parents' history of maltreatment was measured using the Child Trauma Questionnaire. An emotion recognition task was performed. Mothers identified the dominant emotion in morphed facial emotion expressions in children. Mothers and children interacted for 15 minutes. Salivary cortisol levels of mothers were collected before and after the interaction. Maternal sensitive behaviors were coded during the interaction using the Coding Interactive Behavior scheme. Results indicate that the severity of childhood maltreatment is related to less sensitive behaviors for mothers with average to good abilities in emotion recognition and lower to average increases in cortisol levels following an interaction with their children. For mothers with higher cortisol levels, there is no association between a history of maltreatment and sensitive behaviors, indicating that higher stress reactivity could act as a protective factor. Our study highlights the complex interaction between individual characteristics and environmental factors when it comes to parenting. These results argue for targeted interventions that address personal trauma.
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- 2024
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18. Pain in the eye of the beholder: Variations in pain visual representations as a function of face ethnicity and culture.
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Gingras F, Fiset D, Plouffe-Demers MP, Deschênes A, Cormier S, Forget H, and Blais C
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- Humans, Emotions, White People, Black People, Face, Ethnicity, Pain psychology
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Pain experienced by Black individuals is systematically underestimated, and recent studies have shown that part of this bias is rooted in perceptual factors. We used Reverse Correlation to estimate visual representations of the pain expression in Black and White faces, in participants originating from both Western and African countries. Groups of raters were then asked to evaluate the presence of pain and other emotions in these representations. A second group of White raters then evaluated those same representations placed over a neutral background face (50% White; 50% Black). Image-based analyses show significant effects of culture and face ethnicity, but no interaction between the two factors. Western representations were more likely to be judged as expressing pain than African representations. For both cultural groups, raters also perceived more pain in White face representations than in Black face representations. However, when changing the background stimulus to the neutral background face, this effect of face ethnic profile disappeared. Overall, these results suggest that individuals have different expectations of how pain is expressed by Black and White individuals, and that cultural factors may explain a part of this phenomenon., (© 2023 The Authors. British Journal of Psychology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The British Psychological Society.)
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- 2023
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19. Childhood abuse/neglect and temporal patterns in late-life anxiety.
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Bakouni H, Ouimet MC, Desjardins S, Forget H, and Vasiliadis HM
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- Humans, Aged, Child, Anxiety Disorders epidemiology, Anxiety epidemiology, Anxiety psychology, Child Abuse psychology
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Objectives: Anxiety has been associated with childhood abuse/neglect, but this relationship and its mechanisms are poorly documented in older adults. This study examined the association between childhood abuse/neglect and late-life anxiety temporal patterns (i.e. absence, remission, incidence, persistence), testing for mediators., Methods: Data were derived for 724 French-speaking community-living older adults participating in the Étude sur la santé des ainé s - Services study with available information at baseline and 4-year follow-up. Past-month anxiety was based on a cutoff score ≥5 on a French translation of the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder at interviews. Questions on childhood abuse/neglect (e.g. psycho-emotional, physical, sexual) were administered. Adjusted multinomial regression analyses and mediation bootstrapping models were used. Tested mediators included traumatic events (excluding childhood abuse/neglect), daily hassles, psychological resilience, and cortisol activity., Results: The absence, remission, incidence and persistence of anxiety was found in 45.3%, 25.3%, 8.7% and 20.7% of the sample, respectively. Participants with incident and persistent late-life anxiety experienced more childhood abuse/neglect. Participants with persistent anxiety also reported lower psychological resilience. The association between childhood abuse/neglect with anxiety incidence was mediated by daily hassles, while its association with anxiety persistence was mediated by daily hassles and psychological resilience., Conclusion: Past childhood abuse/neglect was associated with late-life anxiety incidence and persistence, with psychological resilience and daily hassles potentially explaining this relationship. Further research should focus on ascertaining the clinical applications of psychosocial and biological profiles in informing the prevention and personalized treatment of anxiety in older adults.
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- 2023
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20. Arguing in Favor of Revising the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire Factor Structure When Assessing Side Effects Induced by Immersions in Virtual Reality.
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Bouchard S, Berthiaume M, Robillard G, Forget H, Daudelin-Peltier C, Renaud P, Blais C, and Fiset D
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Two issues are increasingly of interest in the scientific literature regarding unwanted virtual reality (VR) induced side effects: (1) whether the latent structure of the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire ( SSQ ) is comprised of two or three factors, and (2) if the SSQ measures symptoms of anxiety that can be misattributed to unwanted negative side effects induced by immersions in VR. Study 1 was conducted with a sample of 876 participants. A confirmatory factor analysis clearly supported a two-factor model composed of nausea and oculomotor symptoms instead of the 3-factor structure observed in simulators. To tease-out symptoms of anxiety from unwanted negative side effects induced by immersions in VR, Study 2 was conducted with 88 participants who were administered the Trier Stress Social Test in groups without being immersed in VR. A Spearman correlation showed that 11 out of 16 side effects correlated significantly with anxiety. A factor analysis revealed that items measuring general discomfort, difficulty concentrating, sweating, nausea, and vertigo loaded significantly on the anxiety factor comprised of items from the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory . Finally, a multiple regression indicated that the items measuring general discomfort and difficulty concentrating significantly predicted increases in anxiety. The overall results support the notion that side effects associated with immersions in VR consist mostly of a nausea and an oculomotor latent structure and that a few items are confounding anxiety and cybersickness. The data support the suggestion to revise the scoring procedures of the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire when using this instrument with immersions in VR., Competing Interests: SB is the President of, and owns equity in, Cliniques et Développement In Virtuo, a spin-off from the university that uses virtual reality and distributes virtual environments. In addition, GR is the Vice-President of Corporate Affairs of, and owns equity in, Cliniques et Développement In Virtuo. The terms of these arrangements have been reviewed and approved by the Université du Québec en Outaouais in accordance with its conflict of interest policies. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Bouchard, Berthiaume, Robillard, Forget, Daudelin-Peltier, Renaud, Blais and Fiset.)
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- 2021
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21. Temporal patterns of anxiety disorders and cortisol activity in older adults.
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Bakouni H, Ouimet MC, Forget H, and Vasiliadis HM
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- Aged, Anxiety, Female, Humans, Incidence, Male, Quebec epidemiology, Anxiety Disorders epidemiology, Hydrocortisone
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Introduction: Studies focusing on anxiety temporal patterns and cortisol activity in older adults are scarce. The objectives of this study were to examine in older adults the relationship between anxiety temporal patterns and cortisol activity and ascertain the presence of sex differences., Methods: Data were retrieved from the Étude sur la santé des ainés - Services study in Quebec and included N = 762 community living adults aged ≥ 65 years having participated in interviews at baseline (T
1 ) and at 4 years follow-up (T2 ). A standardized questionnaire, based on DSM-5 criteria, was used to ascertain in the past 6 months the presence of anxiety (absence, remission, incidence, persistence). Cortisol activity during the interview and cortisol concentration on a regular day (at T2 ) were the dependent variables. Adjusted multivariable linear regression models, stratified by sex, were used., Results: Results showed higher cortisol activity during the interview in participants with anxiety in remission (Beta: 2.59; 95% CI: 0.62 , 4.57), specifically in males, and lower activity in participants with persistent anxiety (Beta: -3.97; 95% CI: -7.05, -0.88). Cortisol concentration on a regular day was higher in males reporting incident anxiety (Beta: 8.07; 95% CI: 2.39 , 13.76)., Limitations: The convenience sample with losses to follow-up may have led to a potential selection bias., Conclusion: Anxiety temporal patterns were associated with cortisol activity profiles in older adults with sex being a significant moderator. Future studies are recommended to ascertain the longitudinal changes in cortisol activity and anxiety temporal patterns, which may further inform personalized treatment of anxiety., (Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier B.V.)- Published
- 2020
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22. Childhood maltreatment moderates the relationship between emotion recognition and maternal sensitive behaviors.
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Bérubé A, Blais C, Fournier A, Turgeon J, Forget H, Coutu S, and Dubeau D
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- Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Child Abuse psychology, Emotions physiology, Maternal Behavior psychology, Mother-Child Relations psychology
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Background: Sensitivity is defined as parents ability to perceive, react and respond to children signals. Having a history of childhood maltreatment changes the way adults perceive visual emotions. These perceptual characteristics could have important consequences on how these parents respond to their children., Objective: The current study examines how a history of childhood maltreatment moderates the relationship between maternal emotion recognition in child faces and sensitive behaviors toward their child during free-play and a structured task., Participants and Setting: Participants included 58 mothers and their children aged between 2 and 5 years., Methods: Mothers were exposed to a set of photographs of child faces showing morphed images of the six basic emotional expressions. Mother-child interactions were then coded for sensitive behaviors. Mothers' history of childhood maltreatment was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire., Results: Maltreatment severity was related to poorer abilities in emotion recognition. However, the association between emotion recognition and sensitive behavior was moderate by history of childhood maltreatment. For mothers exposed to a severe form of childhood maltreatment, a better emotion recognition was related to less sensitive behaviors toward the child, both during free-play and the structured task., Conclusion: This relationship is unique to these mothers and is inconsistent with Ainsworth's definition of sensitivity. These results have important implications as they suggest mothers with a history of severe maltreatment would need tailored interventions which take into account their particular reactions to children's emotions., (Crown Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2020
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23. The effect of acute social stress on the recognition of facial expression of emotions.
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Daudelin-Peltier C, Forget H, Blais C, Deschênes A, and Fiset D
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- Adult, Humans, Hydrocortisone analysis, Male, Photic Stimulation, Reaction Time, Stress, Psychological metabolism, Young Adult, Facial Expression, Pattern Recognition, Visual physiology, Stress, Psychological physiopathology
- Abstract
This study investigates the effect of acute social stress on the recognition of facial expression of emotions in healthy young men. Participants underwent both a standardized psychosocial laboratory stressor (TSST-G) and a control condition. Then, they performed a homemade version of the facial expressions megamix. All six basic emotions were included in the task. First, our results show a systematic increase in the intensity threshold for disgust following stress, meaning that the participants' performance with this emotion was impaired. We suggest that this may reflect an adaptive coping mechanism where participants attempt to decrease their anxiety and protect themselves from a socio-evaluative threat. Second, our results show a systematic decrease in the intensity threshold for surprise, therefore positively affecting the participants' performance with that emotion. We suggest that the enhanced perception of surprise following the induction of social stress may be interpreted as an evolutionary adaptation, wherein being in a stressful environment increases the benefits of monitoring signals indicating the presence of a novel or threatening event. An alternative explanation may derive from the opposite nature of the facial expressions of disgust and surprise; the decreased recognition of disgust could therefore have fostered the propensity to perceive surprise.
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- 2017
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24. Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial.
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Bouchard S, Dumoulin S, Robillard G, Guitard T, Klinger É, Forget H, Loranger C, and Roucaut FX
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- Adult, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy instrumentation, Female, Humans, Implosive Therapy instrumentation, Male, Middle Aged, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy methods, Implosive Therapy methods, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Phobia, Social therapy, User-Computer Interface
- Abstract
Background People with social anxiety disorder (SAD) fear social interactions and may be reluctant to seek treatments involving exposure to social situations. Social exposure conducted in virtual reality (VR), embedded in individual cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), could be an answer. Aims To show that conducting VR exposure in CBT for SAD is effective and is more practical for therapists than conducting exposure in vivo Method Participants were randomly assigned to either VR exposure ( n = 17), in vivo exposure ( n = 22) or waiting list ( n = 20). Participants in the active arms received individual CBT for 14 weekly sessions and outcome was assessed with questionnaires and a behaviour avoidance test. (Trial registration number ISRCTN99747069) Results Improvements were found on the primary (Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale) and all five secondary outcome measures in both CBT groups compared with the waiting list. Conducting exposure in VR was more effective at post-treatment than in vivo on the primary outcome measure and on one secondary measure. Improvements were maintained at the 6-month follow-up. VR was significantly more practical for therapists than in vivo exposure. Conclusions Using VR can be advantageous over standard CBT as a potential solution for treatment avoidance and as an efficient, cost-effective and practical medium of exposure., (© The Royal College of Psychiatrists 2017.)
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- 2017
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25. Long-term cognitive effects of glucocorticoid excess in Cushing's syndrome.
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Forget H, Lacroix A, Bourdeau I, and Cohen H
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- Adrenal Cortex metabolism, Adult, Attention physiology, Brain metabolism, Case-Control Studies, Executive Function physiology, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone metabolism, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Memory physiology, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Cognition Disorders metabolism, Cognition Disorders psychology, Cushing Syndrome metabolism, Cushing Syndrome psychology, Glucocorticoids metabolism
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Context and Objective: We previously found that patients with Cushing's syndrome (CS) scored lower than controls in several domains of cognitive function and that correction of hypercortisolism is not necessarily correlated with short-term improvement in intellectual performance. Here, we examined the long-term outcome in patients treated for CS by assessing the extent to which the detrimental effects of glucocorticoid (GC) excess on cognition can be reversed three years after corrective surgery., Design: A battery of neuropsychological tests, including tests of attention, visuospatial processing, learning and memory, and executive functioning were administered pre-treatment and 12, 24 and 36 months post-treatment., Patients and Control Subjects: We included 18 patients with endogenous CS recruited before surgical treatment and 18 controls matched for age, sex and education., Results: CS patients performed worse than controls on tests of attention, executive functioning and nonverbal aspects of memory. Moreover, at 36 months following eucortisolism, executive function performance and, to a lesser extent, attention tasks showed limited change compared to pre-treatment testing., Conclusion: Chronic hypercortisolism is accompanied by a deleterious impact on aspects of cognitive function. This negative effect on attention, executive performance and nonverbal memory seen in patients with CS suggests a differential effect of excess GCs upon different brain areas and networks. This influence persists years after the return to normal cortisol secretion levels., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2016
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26. Using virtual reality to improve the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in the treatment of late-life anxiety: preliminary recommendations for future research.
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Grenier S, Forget H, Bouchard S, Isere S, Belleville S, Potvin O, Rioux MÈ, and Talbot M
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- Adult, Aged, Anxiety epidemiology, Anxiety Disorders epidemiology, Cognition, Humans, Research trends, Anxiety therapy, Anxiety Disorders therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy methods, Fear psychology, Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy methods
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Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) using traditional exposure techniques (i.e. imaginal and in vivo) seems less effective to treat anxiety in older adults than in younger ones. This is particularly true when imaginal exposure is used to confront the older patient to inaccessible (e.g. fear of flying) or less tangible/controllable anxiety triggers (e.g. fear of illness). Indeed, imaginal exposure may become less effective as the person gets older since normal aging is characterized by the decline in cognitive functions involved in the creation of vivid/detailed mental images. One way to circumvent this difficulty is to expose the older patient to a virtual environment that does not require the ability to imagine the frightening situation. In virtuo exposure has proven to be efficient to treat anxiety in working-age people. In virtuo exposure could be employed to improve the efficacy of CBT with exposure sessions in the treatment of late-life anxiety? The current paper explores this question and suggests new research avenues.
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- 2015
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27. Subjective sleep quality in non-demented older adults with and without cognitive impairment.
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Adam AM, Potvin O, Callahan BL, Bastien C, Lorrain D, Desjardins S, Forget H, Préville M, and Hudon C
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- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Canada, Female, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Sex Factors, Sleep Wake Disorders psychology, Cognition Disorders physiopathology, Sleep physiology
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Objective: Sleep problems are prevalent among older adults who are at risk of developing dementia. Until now, there have been relatively few studies investigating subjective sleep quality in these individuals. The first objective of this study was to compare seniors with cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND) and older adults without cognitive impairment (non-CIND) on several subjective sleep measures. The second objective was to verify whether sleep parameters associated with CIND differ between men and women., Methods: The population sample consisted of 2287 French-speaking older adults from Québec (Canada) aged between 65 and 96 years. Participants were classified as CIND or non-CIND on the basis of their mini mental state examination score using sex, age, and education-stratified normative data. All participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and responses of CIND and non-CIND individuals were compared. A series of confounding variables (age, education, chronic diseases, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and use of psychotropic drugs) were statistically controlled for. Student's t-tests were performed to compare characteristics of CIND and non-CIND individuals; data from male and female participants were analyzed separately. Moreover, the association between each sleep variable and CIND was measured by odds ratios based on logistic regression., Results: On the whole, analyses revealed no significant association between subjective sleep parameters and CIND. Moreover, no difference was observed between men and women regarding subjective sleep quality., Conclusions: Overall, these results suggest that subjective measures of sleep do not allow differentiating cognitively impaired older individuals from those with normal cognition., (Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)
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- 2014
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28. The dual nature of the human face: there is a little Jekyll and a little Hyde in all of us.
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Robinson K, Blais C, Duncan J, Forget H, and Fiset D
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The fact that a mere glance makes it possible to extract a wealth of information about the person being observed is testament to both the salience of the human face and the brain's high efficiency in processing this information. Prior work has revealed that social judgments of faces are determined by facial features that vary on two orthogonal dimensions: trustworthiness and dominance. We conducted two experiments to investigate the visual information subtending trustworthiness and dominance judgments. In Experiment 1, we used the Bubbles technique to identify the facial areas and the spatial frequencies that modulate these two judgments. Our results show that the eye and mouth areas in high-to-medium spatial frequency bands were positively correlated with judgments of trustworthiness; the eyebrows region in medium-to-low frequency bands was positively correlated with judgments of dominance; and the lower left jawbone in medium-to-low frequency bands was negatively correlated with judgments of dominance. In Experiment 2, we used the results of Experiment 1 to induce subtle variations in the relative contrast of different facial areas, and showed that it is possible to rig social perception using such a manipulation.
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- 2014
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29. Usability Assessment of the Virtual Multitasking Test (V-MT) for Elderly People.
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Corno G, Bouchard S, and Forget H
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- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Cognitive Dysfunction diagnosis, Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted methods, Geriatric Assessment methods, Multitasking Behavior, Virtual Reality
- Abstract
In the last decades an increasing number of psychological researches have used Virtual Reality (VR) technology in different fields. Nevertheless, few studies used Virtual Environments (VEs) with a sample of older users. The aim of the present study is to assess the usability of the Virtual Multitasking Test (V-MT), which consists in a virtual apartment created to assess cognitive functions in elderly people. This study reports the preliminary results to support the development of a VE in which elderly people feel present and fully immersed.
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- 2014
30. Relationship between cortisol level and prevalent/incident cognitive impairment and its moderating factors in older adults.
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Potvin O, Forget H, Préville M, Berbiche D, Chagnon YC, and Hudon C
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- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anxiety etiology, Canada epidemiology, Depression etiology, Educational Status, Effect Modifier, Epidemiologic, Female, Geriatric Assessment methods, Health Status Disparities, Humans, Intelligence Tests, Interview, Psychological, Male, Models, Statistical, Prevalence, Saliva metabolism, Sex Factors, Anxiety metabolism, Cognition Disorders complications, Cognition Disorders diagnosis, Cognition Disorders epidemiology, Cognition Disorders metabolism, Cognition Disorders psychology, Depression metabolism, Hydrocortisone analysis, Hydrocortisone metabolism
- Abstract
Background: The objectives of this study were to examine the factors modifying the relationship between cortisol level and prevalent/incident cognitive impairment in older adults and to verify whether these relationships were non-linear., Methods: Data were collected from 1,226 individuals aged 65 and older by two in-home interviews separated by 12 months. Cortisol level was measured using saliva samples taken at the beginning of the baseline interview before cognitive, mental, and physical health evaluations. Prevalent and incident cognitive impairment were defined using the Mini-Mental State Examination scores according to normative data for age, education level, and sex., Results: High morning cortisol level increased the risk of incident cognitive impairment in participants with anxiety or depressive episode while low cortisol level increased the risk in participants without anxiety or depressive episode. In high educated participants, but not in low educated participants, high morning cortisol level was associated with prevalent cognitive impairment and high afternoon cortisol level increased the risk of incident cognitive impairment. The results also suggested that lower morning cortisol values could increase the risk of incident cognitive impairment in individuals with few chronic diseases. A curvilinear relationship was observed between morning cortisol and the probability of incident cognitive impairment, but further analyses suggested that it was likely explained by anxiety and depressive episode., Conclusions: These results suggest that cognitive impairment in older adults is linked to higher or lower cortisol level depending on characteristics such as anxiety, depressive episode, education level, and physical health.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Sleep quality and 1-year incident cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults.
- Author
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Potvin O, Lorrain D, Forget H, Dubé M, Grenier S, Préville M, and Hudon C
- Subjects
- Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cognition Disorders diagnosis, Cohort Studies, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Humans, Incidence, Male, Residence Characteristics, Sex Factors, Sleep Wake Disorders diagnosis, Time Factors, Cognition Disorders epidemiology, Sleep Wake Disorders complications, Sleep Wake Disorders psychology
- Abstract
Study Objectives: To examine in cognitively intact older men and women the associations between subjective sleep quality and 1-yr incident cognitive impairment., Design: Prospective cohort study., Setting: General community., Participants: 1,664 cognitively intact individuals age 65 to 96 years., Measurements and Results: Sleep quality at baseline was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Cognitive functioning was assessed at baseline and 12 months later using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Incident general cognitive impairment was defined according to a follow-up MMSE score below the 15(th) percentile according to normative data and of at least 2 points below baseline. General cognitive impairments were also separated into amnestic and nonamnestic subtypes according to MMSE delayed recall performance. Associations between sleep quality indicators at baseline and incident cognitive impairment were assessed by odds ratio (OR) adjusted for age, education, baseline MMSE score, psychotropic drug use, anxiety, depressive episodes, cardiovascular conditions, and chronic diseases. Results revealed that global PSQI score was significantly linked with incident cognitive impairment (OR 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05-1.30) in men, but not in women. In women, sleep disturbance score (OR 2.62, 95% CI 1.41-4.86) and long sleep duration (≥ 9 hr; OR 3.70, 95% CI 1.49-9.17) were associated with nonamnestic and amnestic incident cognitive impairment, respectively. In men, short sleep duration (≤ 5 hr; OR 4.95, 95% CI 1.72-14.27) and habitual sleep efficiency score (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.42-2.66) were associated with amnestic and general incident cognitive impairment, respectively., Conclusions: Sleep quality in older adults should receive particular attention by clinicians because poor sleep quality can be an early sign of cognitive decline.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in community-dwelling older men and women with cognitive impairment no dementia: results from the ESA study.
- Author
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Potvin O, Hudon C, Forget H, Grenier S, Dubé M, Lorrain D, and Préville M
- Subjects
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anxiety Disorders epidemiology, Benzodiazepines, Comorbidity, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Status Schedule, Mood Disorders epidemiology, Prevalence, Quebec epidemiology, Sex Factors, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders epidemiology, Substance-Related Disorders epidemiology, Cognition Disorders epidemiology, Cognition Disorders psychology, Mental Disorders epidemiology
- Abstract
Objectives: To assess the prevalence rate of mood disorders, anxiety disorders, benzodiazepine dependence, and insomnia in older men and women with probable cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND) and to examine the independent associations between each disorder and CIND., Method: Participants were a random sample of community-dwelling individuals aged 65-96 (N = 2414). Semi-structured in-home interviews based on DSM-IV-TR (DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) criteria evaluated the prevalence rates of mood disorders, anxiety disorders, benzodiazepine dependence, and insomnia. Participants were classified as probable CIND based on their Mini-Mental State Examination score using sex, age, and education-stratified cut-offs (lower than the 15th percentile)., Results: In men, 22.7% of individuals with probable CIND and 12.1% of those with normal cognition had at least one psychiatric disorder (crude odds ratio (OR): 2.13, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.23-3.69). More specifically, mood disorders (3.43, 1.74-6.75), benzodiazepine dependence (5.10, 1.23-21.11), and comorbid anxiety and mood disorders (8.67, 2.00-37.68) were significantly associated with probable CIND, but not anxiety disorders alone and insomnia. The prevalence rate of psychiatric disorders was similar in women with probable CIND (23.1%) and in women without CIND (23.9%; 0.95, 0.64-1.42). No specific psychiatric disorder was significantly associated with probable CIND in women. All associations remained unchanged after adjustments for potential confounders., Conclusions: The association between psychiatric disorders and probable CIND appears to be sex-specific. In clinical practice, mood disorders, and benzodiazepine dependence should receive particular attention since these disorders are associated with a condition increasing the risk of dementia.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Anxiety, depression, and 1-year incident cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults.
- Author
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Potvin O, Forget H, Grenier S, Préville M, and Hudon C
- Subjects
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anxiety Disorders diagnosis, Anxiety Disorders psychology, Cognition Disorders diagnosis, Cognition Disorders psychology, Comorbidity, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depressive Disorder diagnosis, Depressive Disorder psychology, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Female, Geriatric Assessment statistics & numerical data, Health Surveys, Humans, Incidence, Male, Mental Status Schedule statistics & numerical data, Psychometrics, Quebec, Anxiety Disorders epidemiology, Cognition Disorders epidemiology, Depressive Disorder epidemiology, Independent Living psychology
- Abstract
Objectives: To examine in men and women the independent associations between anxiety and depression and 1-year incident cognitive impairment and to examine the association of cognitive impairment, no dementia (CIND) and incident cognitive impairment with 1-year incident anxiety or depression., Design: Prospective cohort study., Setting: General community., Participants: Population-based sample of 1,942 individuals aged 65 to 96., Measurements: Two structured interviews 12 months apart evaluated anxiety and mood symptoms and disorders according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, criteria. Incident cognitive impairment was defined as no CIND at baseline and a follow-up Mini-Mental State Examination score at least 2 points below baseline and below the 15th percentile according to normative data. The associations between cognitive impairment and anxiety or depression were assessed using logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders., Results: Incident cognitive impairment was, independently of depression, associated with baseline anxiety disorders in men (odds ratio (OR)=6.27, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.39-28.29) and anxiety symptoms in women (OR=2.14, 95%=1.06-4.34). Moreover, the results indicated that depression disorders in men (OR=8.87, 95%=2.13-36.96) and anxiety symptoms in women (OR=4.31, 95%=1.74-10.67) were particularly linked to incident amnestic cognitive impairment, whereas anxiety disorders in men (OR=12.01, 95%=1.73-83.26) were especially associated with incident nonamnestic cognitive impairment. CIND at baseline and incident cognitive impairment were not associated with incident anxiety or depression., Conclusion: Anxiety and depression appear to have different relationships with incident cognitive impairment according to sex and the nature of cognitive impairment. Clinicians should pay particular attention to anxiety in older adults because it may shortly be followed by incident cognitive treatment., (© 2011, Copyright the Authors. Journal compilation © 2011, The American Geriatrics Society.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Cognitive function and cerebral assessment in patients who have Cushing's syndrome.
- Author
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Bourdeau I, Bard C, Forget H, Boulanger Y, Cohen H, and Lacroix A
- Subjects
- Cognition Disorders physiopathology, Cushing Syndrome physiopathology, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cognition, Cognition Disorders etiology, Cognition Disorders pathology, Cushing Syndrome complications, Cushing Syndrome pathology
- Abstract
Cushing's syndrome (CS) is a relevant model to better understand the effects of glucocorticoid (GC) excess on the human brain. The importance of GC excess on the central nervous system is highlighted by the high prevalence of neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression and cognitive impairment in patients who have CS. In addition, there is a high incidence of apparent diffuse loss of brain volume in patients who have CS. Recent studies indicate at least partial reversibility of these abnormalities following correction of hypercortisolism.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Cognitive decline in patients with Cushing's syndrome.
- Author
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Forget H, Lacroix A, Somma M, and Cohen H
- Subjects
- Adult, Case-Control Studies, Chronic Disease, Cushing Syndrome blood, Female, Glucocorticoids metabolism, Humans, Hydrocortisone blood, Intelligence, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Neuropsychological Tests, Cognition, Cushing Syndrome complications, Cushing Syndrome psychology, Glucocorticoids adverse effects, Psychomotor Performance
- Abstract
Chronic exposure to elevated glucocorticoid levels in Cushing's syndrome (CS), is associated with deficits in cognitive function and in emotion. The hippocampus plays a crucial role in the behavioral manifestations of the syndrome as it is richest in glucocorticoid receptors and is thus particularly vulnerable to glucocorticoid excess. The wide distribution of glucocorticoid receptors throughout the cerebral cortex, however, suggests that several cognitive functions can also be affected by the dysregulation of glucocorticoids. In this study, we investigated how an excess of glucocorticoid hormones affects cognitive processes. Nineteen patients with chronic hypercortisolemia due to CS were compared to healthy controls matched for age, sex, education, and occupation in tests of processing of visual and spatial information, memory, reasoning and concept formation, language and verbal functions, and attention. Multivariate and univariate analyses revealed overall differences in tests of treatment of visual and spatial information, reasoning and concept formation as well as in verbal and language performance, with poorer performance from CS patients. Differences were also observed in nonverbal aspects of memory and in attention tasks. The results suggest that chronic exposure to elevated levels of cortisol is associated with deficits in several areas of cognition, particularly those involving processing of selective attention and visual components. This study also shows that hormones play an important role in the modulation of cognitive function and that their influence on cerebral structure and function merits closer scrutiny.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Auditory cerebral lateralization following cross-gender hormone therapy.
- Author
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Cohen H and Forget H
- Subjects
- Adult, Auditory Perception physiology, Cerebral Cortex drug effects, Cerebral Cortex physiopathology, Dichotic Listening Tests, Dominance, Cerebral physiology, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Reference Values, Speech Perception drug effects, Speech Perception physiology, Transsexualism physiopathology, Auditory Perception drug effects, Dominance, Cerebral drug effects, Estradiol Congeners therapeutic use, Progesterone Congeners therapeutic use, Transsexualism drug therapy
- Abstract
In this study, 10 men, 10 women, and 13 genetic male transsexuals, all of them righthanded, were tested on two verbal (CV and nonsense polysyllables) and two nonverbal (melodies and triple tone [3T]) dichotic tasks to investigate relations between hormone therapy and auditory cerebral specialization for speech and non speech stimuli in adults. At time of testing, all transsexuals had been made under hormonal treatment for at least one year and eight had had corrective surgery. ANOVA results showed a right ear advantage and similar pattern of performance for the three groups in the treatment of speech. In nonverbal tasks, interactions revealed a left ear advantage in the processing of melodies and 3T for men only: women and transsexuals exhibited similar performance in both nonverbal tasks. In accord with generalization from the animal literature, cautious interpretation of the data is some possible hormonal involvement, in adults, in the modulation of right hemispheric cognitive processing.
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Inhibition of prolactin release by gonadotropin-releasing hormone-associated Peptide in benign, dopamine-sensitive and in malignant, dopamine-resistant pituitary tumors.
- Author
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Forget H, Lafond J, and Collu R
- Abstract
Since the gonadotropin-releasing hormone-associated peptide (GAP) has been reported to be capable of inhibiting prolactin release from normal lactotrophs, with the present study we have examined the in vitro effects of GAP on prolactin release in an estrone-induced, dopamine-sensitive rat pituitary adenoma and two malignant, transplantable and dopamine-resistant rat pituitary tumors, 7315a and MtTW15. Enzymatically dispersed cells obtained from the three types of tumor were cultured in multiwell dishes for 4 days. On the fifth day, the cells were exposed for 4 h to human GAP 1-56 or to the analog GAP 42-56 or to rat GAP 1-53, at various concentrations. In some experiments, the effect of a pretreatment of the cells for 16 h with pertussis toxin before exposure to human GAP was also evaluated. In the three tissues, rat GAP was able to inhibit prolactin release in a dose-dependent manner. Human GAP 1-56 and GAP 42-56 were able to inhibit prolactin release in a dose-dependent manner in all cells except those of the MtTW15 tumor. Furthermore, in adenomatous cells, the inhibitory effects of these peptides were suppressed by pretreatment of the cells with pertussis toxin. These findings indicate that GAP is capable of inhibiting prolactin release even in dopamine-resistant pituitary tumors. This inhibition is exerted through a pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein-dependent signaling mechanism in adenomatous cells.
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. G proteins in normal rat pituitaries and in prolactin-secreting rat pituitary tumors.
- Author
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Bouvier C, Forget H, Lagacé G, Drews R, Sinnett D, Labuda D, and Collu R
- Subjects
- Adenoma chemically induced, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone metabolism, Animals, Cyclic AMP biosynthesis, Cyclic AMP physiology, Depression, Chemical, Dopamine pharmacology, Drug Resistance, Estrone toxicity, Female, GTP-Binding Proteins biosynthesis, GTP-Binding Proteins genetics, Growth Hormone metabolism, Neoplasm Proteins genetics, Neoplasm Proteins metabolism, Ovariectomy, Pituitary Neoplasms chemically induced, Pituitary Neoplasms metabolism, Prolactinoma metabolism, RNA, Messenger analysis, RNA, Neoplasm analysis, Rats, Rats, Inbred BUF, Rats, Inbred F344, Rats, Inbred WF, Receptors, Dopamine drug effects, Receptors, Dopamine metabolism, Secretory Rate drug effects, Signal Transduction physiology, Adenoma chemistry, GTP-Binding Proteins isolation & purification, Neoplasm Proteins isolation & purification, Pituitary Gland, Anterior chemistry, Pituitary Neoplasms chemistry, Prolactin metabolism, Prolactinoma chemistry
- Abstract
It is still undetermined which GTP-binding (G) protein is involved in the regulation of prolactin (PRL) release and through which effector. This study shows that, when compared to normal pituitary tissue, the levels of alpha o protein were very low in dopamine (DA)-resistant, PRL-secreting pituitary tumors 7315a and MtTW15, while alpha o mRNA was present in the two tumors. In the MtTW15 tumor alpha i1, alpha i2 and alpha i3 levels were decreased while those of alpha s42 and alpha s47 were increased, and in the 7315a tumor alpha i2, alpha i3 and beta levels were decreased and those of alpha s47 increased. In an estrone-induced, DA-sensitive prolactinoma the levels of alpha i3 were greatly reduced. DA was unable to inhibit basal PRL release by 7315a and MtTW15 and basal cAMP accumulation by adenomatous and MtTW15 cells. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) increased both cAMP accumulation and PRL release by all cell preparations which could be suppressed by DA with adenomatous and 7315a but not with MtTW15 cells. These and previously published results provide circumstantial evidence that alpha o, alpha i1 and alpha i3 are all involved in the transduction of the DA inhibitory message while alpha s47 transduces cAMP activating messages and alpha s42 is responsible for the constitutive activation of L-type Ca2+ channels, adenylate cyclase and baseline PRL release.
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
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39. [DOUBLE COLONIC ULCERATED TUBERCULOMA].
- Author
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GASTARD J, FORGET H, and VIVIEN P
- Subjects
- Humans, Colonic Diseases, Radiography, Surgical Procedures, Operative, Tuberculoma, Tuberculosis, Tuberculosis, Gastrointestinal
- Published
- 1964
40. [A case of acute distension of the stomach with spontaneous perforation and hemorrhagic syndrome].
- Author
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GASTARD J and FORGET H
- Subjects
- Humans, Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage, Hemorrhage, Medical Records, Stomach Diseases
- Published
- 1961
41. [FREQUENCY OF MALFORMATIONS OF THE URINARY TRACT DURING TURNER'S SYNDROME].
- Author
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JEUNE M, BERTRAND J, FORGET H, and DEFFRENNE P
- Subjects
- Child, Humans, Congenital Abnormalities, Turner Syndrome, Urinary Tract, Urography, Urology
- Published
- 1964
42. [Frequency of malformations of the urinary tract in Turner's syndrome. Study of 24 cases].
- Author
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JEUNE M, BERTRAND J, DEFFRENNE P, and FORGET H
- Subjects
- Humans, Turner Syndrome, Urinary Tract, Urogenital System
- Published
- 1962
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