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1. COVID-19-associated Guillain-Barré syndrome in the early pandemic experience in Lombardia (Italy)

Author

Martinelli-Boneschi, Filippo, Colombo, Antonio, Bresolin, Nereo, Sessa, Maria, Bassi, Pietro, Grampa, Giampiero, Magni, Eugenio, Versino, Maurizio, Ferrarese, Carlo, Zarcone, Davide, Albanese, Alberto, Micieli, Giuseppe, Zanferrari, Carla, Cagnana, Antonio, Ferrante, Claudio, Zilioli, Angelo, Locatelli, Davide, Calloni, Maria Vittoria, Delodovici, Maria Luisa, Pozzato, Mattia, Patisso, Valerio, Bortolan, Francesco, Foresti, Camillo, Frigeni, Barbara, Canella, Stefania, Xhani, Rubjona, Crabbio, Massimo, Clemenzi, Alessandro, Mauri, Marco, Beretta, Simone, La Spina, Isidoro, Bernasconi, Simona, De Santis, Tiziana, Cavallini, Anna, Ranieri, Michela, D’Adda, Elisabetta, Fruguglietti, Maria Elisa, Peverelli, Lorenzo, Agosti, Edoardo, Leoni, Olivia, Rigamonti, Andrea, and Salmaggi, Andrea

Published
2023
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2. Correction to: COVID‑19‑associated Guillain‑Barré syndrome in the early pandemic experience in Lombardia (Italy)

Author

Martinelli‑Boneschi, Filippo, Colombo, Antonio, Bresolin, Nereo, Sessa, Maria, Bassi, Pietro, Grampa, Giampiero, Magni, Eugenio, Versino, Maurizio, Ferrarese, Carlo, Zarcone, Davide, Albanese, Alberto, Micieli, Giuseppe, Zanferrari, Carla, Cagnana, Antonio, Ferrante, Claudio, Zilioli, Angelo, Locatelli, Davide, Calloni, Maria Vittoria, Delodovici, Maria Luisa, Pozzato, Mattia, Patisso, Valerio, Bortolan, Francesco, Foresti, Camillo, Frigeni, Barbara, Canella, Stefania, Xhani, Rubjona, Crabbio, Massimo, Clemenzi, Alessandro, Mauri, Marco, Beretta, Simone, La Spina, Isidoro, Bernasconi, Simona, De Santis, Tiziana, Cavallini, Anna, Ranieri, Michela, D’Adda, Elisabetta, Fruguglietti, Maria Elisa, Peverelli, Lorenzo, Agosti, Edoardo, Leoni, Olivia, Rigamonti, Andrea, and Salmaggi, Andrea

Published
2023
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4. Neurologic manifestations in 1760 COVID-19 patients admitted to Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy

Author

Rifino, Nicola, Censori, Bruno, Agazzi, Emanuela, Alimonti, Dario, Bonito, Virginio, Camera, Giorgia, Conti, Marta Zaffira, Foresti, Camillo, Frigeni, Barbara, Gerevini, Simonetta, Grimoldi, Maria, La Gioia, Sara, Partziguian, Tania, Quadri, Stefano, Riva, Riccardo, Servalli, Maria Cristina, Sgarzi, Manlio, Storti, Benedetta, Vedovello, Marcella, Venturelli, Elisabetta, Viganò, Martina, Callegaro, Annapaola, Arosio, Marco, and Sessa, Maria

Published
2021
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7. Correction to: COVID‑19‑associated Guillain‑Barré syndrome in the early pandemic experience in Lombardia (Italy)

Author

Martinelli‑Boneschi, Filippo, primary, Colombo, Antonio, additional, Bresolin, Nereo, additional, Sessa, Maria, additional, Bassi, Pietro, additional, Grampa, Giampiero, additional, Magni, Eugenio, additional, Versino, Maurizio, additional, Ferrarese, Carlo, additional, Zarcone, Davide, additional, Albanese, Alberto, additional, Micieli, Giuseppe, additional, Zanferrari, Carla, additional, Cagnana, Antonio, additional, Ferrante, Claudio, additional, Zilioli, Angelo, additional, Locatelli, Davide, additional, Calloni, Maria Vittoria, additional, Delodovici, Maria Luisa, additional, Pozzato, Mattia, additional, Patisso, Valerio, additional, Bortolan, Francesco, additional, Foresti, Camillo, additional, Frigeni, Barbara, additional, Canella, Stefania, additional, Xhani, Rubjona, additional, Crabbio, Massimo, additional, Clemenzi, Alessandro, additional, Mauri, Marco, additional, Beretta, Simone, additional, La Spina, Isidoro, additional, Bernasconi, Simona, additional, De Santis, Tiziana, additional, Cavallini, Anna, additional, Ranieri, Michela, additional, D’Adda, Elisabetta, additional, Fruguglietti, Maria Elisa, additional, Peverelli, Lorenzo, additional, Agosti, Edoardo, additional, Leoni, Olivia, additional, Rigamonti, Andrea, additional, and Salmaggi, Andrea, additional

Published
2022
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8. COVID-19-associated Guillain-Barré syndrome in the early pandemic experience in Lombardia (Italy)

Author

Martinelli-Boneschi, Filippo, primary, Colombo, Antonio, additional, Bresolin, Nereo, additional, Sessa, Maria, additional, Bassi, Pietro, additional, Grampa, Giampiero, additional, Magni, Eugenio, additional, Versino, Maurizio, additional, Ferrarese, Carlo, additional, Zarcone, Davide, additional, Albanese, Alberto, additional, Micieli, Giuseppe, additional, Zanferrari, Carla, additional, Cagnana, Antonio, additional, Ferrante, Claudio, additional, Zilioli, Angelo, additional, Locatelli, Davide, additional, Calloni, Maria Vittoria, additional, Delodovici, Maria Luisa, additional, Pozzato, Mattia, additional, Patisso, Valerio, additional, Bortolan, Francesco, additional, Foresti, Camillo, additional, Frigeni, Barbara, additional, Canella, Stefania, additional, Xhani, Rubjona, additional, Crabbio, Massimo, additional, Clemenzi, Alessandro, additional, Mauri, Marco, additional, Beretta, Simone, additional, La Spina, Isidoro, additional, Bernasconi, Simona, additional, De Santis, Tiziana, additional, Cavallini, Anna, additional, Ranieri, Michela, additional, D’Adda, Elisabetta, additional, Fruguglietti, Maria Elisa, additional, Peverelli, Lorenzo, additional, Agosti, Edoardo, additional, Leoni, Olivia, additional, Rigamonti, Andrea, additional, and Salmaggi, Andrea, additional

Published
2022
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9. Guillain‐Barré syndrome and COVID ‐19: A 1‐year observational multicenter study

Author

Filosto, Massimiliano, primary, Cotti Piccinelli, Stefano, additional, Gazzina, Stefano, additional, Foresti, Camillo, additional, Frigeni, Barbara, additional, Servalli, Maria Cristina, additional, Sessa, Maria, additional, Cosentino, Giuseppe, additional, Marchioni, Enrico, additional, Ravaglia, Sabrina, additional, Briani, Chiara, additional, Castellani, Francesca, additional, Zara, Gabriella, additional, Bianchi, Francesca, additional, Del Carro, Ubaldo, additional, Fazio, Raffaella, additional, Filippi, Massimo, additional, Magni, Eugenio, additional, Natalini, Giuseppe, additional, Palmerini, Francesco, additional, Perotti, Anna Maria, additional, Bellomo, Andrea, additional, Osio, Maurizio, additional, Nascimbene, Caterina, additional, Carpo, Marinella, additional, Rasera, Andrea, additional, Squintani, Giovanna, additional, Doneddu, Pietro Emiliano, additional, Bertasi, Valeria, additional, Cotelli, Maria Sofia, additional, Bertolasi, Laura, additional, Fabrizi, Gian Maria, additional, Ferrari, Sergio, additional, Ranieri, Federico, additional, Caprioli, Francesca, additional, Grappa, Elena, additional, Manganotti, Paolo, additional, Bellavita, Giulia, additional, Furlanis, Giovanni, additional, De Maria, Giovanni, additional, Leggio, Ugo, additional, Poli, Loris, additional, Rasulo, Frank, additional, Latronico, Nicola, additional, Nobile‐Orazio, Eduardo, additional, Beghi, Ettore, additional, Padovani, Alessandro, additional, and Uncini, Antonino, additional

Published
2022
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10. Guillain-barré syndrome and COVID-19: An observational multicenter study

Author

Piccinelli, Stefano Cotti, Gazzina, Stefano, Foresti, Camillo, Frigeni, Barbara, Servalli, Cristina, Sessa, Maria, Cosentino, Giuseppe, Marchioni, Enrico, Ravaglia, Sabrina, Briani, Chiara, Castellani, Francesca, Zara, Gabriella, Bianchi, Francesca, Del Carro, Ubaldo, Fazio, Raffaella, Filippi, Massimo, Magni, Eugenio, Palmerini, Francesco, Natalini, Giuseppe, Perotti, Annamaria, Bellomo, Andrea, Osio, Maurizio, Scopelliti, Giuseppe, Nascimbene, Caterina, Carpo, Marinella, Rasera, Andrea, Squintani, Giovanna, Doneddu, Pietro, Bertasi, Valeria, Cotelli, Maria Sofia, Fabrizi, Gian Maria, Ferrari, Sergio, Bertolasi, Laura, Ranieri, Federico, Caprioli, Francesca, Grappa, Elena, Leggio, Ugo, De Maria, Giovanni, Poli, Loris, Rasulo, Frank, Latronico, Nicola, Nobile-Orazio, Eduardo, Padovani, Alessandro, Uncini, Antonino, and Filosto, Massimiliano

Published
2021
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11. Covid-19-associated Guillain-Barré syndrome in the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Lombardia: Increased incidence or increased seroprevalence?

Author

Boneschi, Filippo Martinelli, Colombo, Antonio, Bresolin, Nereo, Sessa, Maria, Pozzato, Mattia, Grampa, Giampiero, Bassi, Pietro, Magni, Eugenio, Versino, Maurizio, Ferrarese, Carlo, Zarcone, Davide, Albanese, Alberto, Micieli, Giuseppe, Zanferrari, Carla, Cagnana, Antonio, Ferrante, Claudio, Zilioli, Angelo, Locatelli, Davide, Calloni, Maria, Delodovici, Maria Luisa, Foresti, Camillo, Frigeni, Barbara, Canella, Stefania, Xhani, Rubjona, Crabbio, Massimo, Clemenzi, Alessandro, Mauri, Marco, Beretta, Simone, La Spina, Isidoro, Bernasconi, Simona, Cavallini, Anna, Ranieri, Michela, D'Adda, Elisabetta, Fruguglietti, Maria Elisa, Peverelli, Lorenzo, Agosti, Edoardo, Rigamonti, Andrea, and Salmaggi, Andrea

Published
2021
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12. Clinical, neurophysiological and neuroradiological characteristics of 30 cases of SARS-COV-2-associated encephalitis in Lombardia

Author

Boneschi, Filippo Martinelli, Sessa, Maria, Guidetti, Donata, Grampa, Giampiero, Magni, Eugenio, Versino, Maurizio, Ferrarese, Carlo, Zarcone, Davide, Prelle, Alessandro, Micieli, Giuseppe, Zanferrari, Carla, Frediani, Fabio, Cagnana, Antonio, Zilioli, Angelo, Calloni, Maria, Mariani, Emilio, Foresti, Camillo, Crabbio, Massimo, La Spina, Isidoro, Maschio, Vera Pacoova Dal, Giorgetti, Andrea, Cavallini, Anna, Ranieri, Michela, D'Adda, Elisabetta, Salmaggi, Andrea, and Colombo, Antonio

Published
2021
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15. Guillain-Barré syndrome and COVID-19: an observational multicentre study from two Italian hotspot regions

Author

Filosto, Massimiliano, Cotti Piccinelli, Stefano, Gazzina, Stefano, Foresti, Camillo, Frigeni, Barbara, Servalli, Maria Cristina, Sessa, Maria, Cosentino, Giuseppe, Marchioni, Enrico, Ravaglia, Sabrina, Briani, Chiara, Castellani, Francesca, Zara, Gabriella, Bianchi, Francesca, Del Carro, Ubaldo, Fazio, Raffaella, Filippi, Massimo, Magni, Eugenio, Natalini, Giuseppe, Palmerini, Francesco, Perotti, Anna Maria, Bellomo, Andrea, Osio, Maurizio, Scopelliti, Giuseppe, Carpo, Marinella, Rasera, Andrea, Squintani, Giovanna, Doneddu, Pietro Emiliano, Bertasi, Valeria, Cotelli, Maria Sofia, Bertolasi, Laura, Fabrizi, Gian Maria, Ferrari, Sergio, Ranieri, Federico, Caprioli, Francesca, Grappa, Elena, Broglio, Laura, De Maria, Giovanni Luigi, Leggio, Ugo, Poli, Lori, Rasulo, Frank, Latronico, Nicola, Nobile-Orazio, Eduardo, Padovani, Alessandro, Uncini, Antonino, Magni, Eugenio (ORCID:0000-0002-2235-2280), De Maria, Giovanni (ORCID:0000-0003-3572-1855), Filosto, Massimiliano, Cotti Piccinelli, Stefano, Gazzina, Stefano, Foresti, Camillo, Frigeni, Barbara, Servalli, Maria Cristina, Sessa, Maria, Cosentino, Giuseppe, Marchioni, Enrico, Ravaglia, Sabrina, Briani, Chiara, Castellani, Francesca, Zara, Gabriella, Bianchi, Francesca, Del Carro, Ubaldo, Fazio, Raffaella, Filippi, Massimo, Magni, Eugenio, Natalini, Giuseppe, Palmerini, Francesco, Perotti, Anna Maria, Bellomo, Andrea, Osio, Maurizio, Scopelliti, Giuseppe, Carpo, Marinella, Rasera, Andrea, Squintani, Giovanna, Doneddu, Pietro Emiliano, Bertasi, Valeria, Cotelli, Maria Sofia, Bertolasi, Laura, Fabrizi, Gian Maria, Ferrari, Sergio, Ranieri, Federico, Caprioli, Francesca, Grappa, Elena, Broglio, Laura, De Maria, Giovanni Luigi, Leggio, Ugo, Poli, Lori, Rasulo, Frank, Latronico, Nicola, Nobile-Orazio, Eduardo, Padovani, Alessandro, Uncini, Antonino, Magni, Eugenio (ORCID:0000-0002-2235-2280), and De Maria, Giovanni (ORCID:0000-0003-3572-1855)

Abstract

Objective: Single cases and small series of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) have been reported during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak worldwide. We evaluated incidence and clinical features of GBS in a cohort of patients from two regions of northern Italy with the highest number of patients with COVID-19. Methods: GBS cases diagnosed in 12 referral hospitals from Lombardy and Veneto in March and April 2020 were retrospectively collected. As a control population, GBS diagnosed in March and April 2019 in the same hospitals were considered. Results: Incidence of GBS in March and April 2020 was 0.202/100 000/month (estimated rate 2.43/100 000/year) vs 0.077/100 000/month (estimated rate 0.93/100 000/year) in the same months of 2019 with a 2.6-fold increase. Estimated incidence of GBS in COVID-19-positive patients was 47.9/100 000 and in the COVID-19-positive hospitalised patients was 236/100 000. COVID-19-positive patients with GBS, when compared with COVID-19-negative subjects, showed lower MRC sum score (26.3±18.3 vs 41.4±14.8, p=0.006), higher frequency of demyelinating subtype (76.6% vs 35.3%, p=0.011), more frequent low blood pressure (50% vs 11.8%, p=0.017) and higher rate of admission to intensive care unit (66.6% vs 17.6%, p=0.002). Conclusions: This study shows an increased incidence of GBS during the COVID-19 outbreak in northern Italy, supporting a pathogenic link. COVID-19-associated GBS is predominantly demyelinating and seems to be more severe than non-COVID-19 GBS, although it is likely that in some patients the systemic impairment due to COVID-19 might have contributed to the severity of the whole clinical picture.

Published
2021

17. Guillain-Barré syndrome and COVID-19: an observational multicentre study from two Italian hotspot regions

Author

Filosto, Massimiliano, primary, Cotti Piccinelli, Stefano, additional, Gazzina, Stefano, additional, Foresti, Camillo, additional, Frigeni, Barbara, additional, Servalli, Maria Cristina, additional, Sessa, Maria, additional, Cosentino, Giuseppe, additional, Marchioni, Enrico, additional, Ravaglia, Sabrina, additional, Briani, Chiara, additional, Castellani, Francesca, additional, Zara, Gabriella, additional, Bianchi, Francesca, additional, Del Carro, Ubaldo, additional, Fazio, Raffaella, additional, Filippi, Massimo, additional, Magni, Eugenio, additional, Natalini, Giuseppe, additional, Palmerini, Francesco, additional, Perotti, Anna Maria, additional, Bellomo, Andrea, additional, Osio, Maurizio, additional, Scopelliti, Giuseppe, additional, Carpo, Marinella, additional, Rasera, Andrea, additional, Squintani, Giovanna, additional, Doneddu, Pietro Emiliano, additional, Bertasi, Valeria, additional, Cotelli, Maria Sofia, additional, Bertolasi, Laura, additional, Fabrizi, Gian Maria, additional, Ferrari, Sergio, additional, Ranieri, Federico, additional, Caprioli, Francesca, additional, Grappa, Elena, additional, Broglio, Laura, additional, De Maria, Giovanni, additional, Leggio, Ugo, additional, Poli, Loris, additional, Rasulo, Frank, additional, Latronico, Nicola, additional, Nobile-Orazio, Eduardo, additional, Padovani, Alessandro, additional, and Uncini, Antonino, additional

Published
2020
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19. Neurologic manifestations in 1760 COVID-19 patients admitted to Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy

Author

Rifino, Nicola, primary, Censori, Bruno, additional, Agazzi, Emanuela, additional, Alimonti, Dario, additional, Bonito, Virginio, additional, Camera, Giorgia, additional, Conti, Marta Zaffira, additional, Foresti, Camillo, additional, Frigeni, Barbara, additional, Gerevini, Simonetta, additional, Grimoldi, Maria, additional, La Gioia, Sara, additional, Partziguian, Tania, additional, Quadri, Stefano, additional, Riva, Riccardo, additional, Servalli, Maria Cristina, additional, Sgarzi, Manlio, additional, Storti, Benedetta, additional, Vedovello, Marcella, additional, Venturelli, Elisabetta, additional, Viganò, Martina, additional, Callegaro, Annapaola, additional, Arosio, Marco, additional, and Sessa, Maria, additional

Published
2020
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22. Neurophysiology of the pelvic floor in clinical practice: a systematic literature review.

Author

Bianchi, Francesca, Squintani, Giovanna Maddalena, Osio, Maurizio, Morini, Alberto, Bana, Cristina, Ardolino, Gianluca, Barbieri, Sergio, Bertolasi, Laura, Caramelli, Riccardo, Cogiamanian, Filippo, Currà, Antonio, Scisciolo, Giuseppe de, Foresti, Camillo, Frasca, Vittorio, Frasson, Emma, Inghilleri, Maurizio, Maderna, Luca, Motti, Luisa, Onesti, Emanuela, and Romano, Marcello Calogero

Published
2017
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23. 213. Multicenter prospective cohort study on patient satisfaction after incobotulinumtoxinA injection in cervical dystonia

Author

Zardoni, Manuela, primary, Bana, Cristina, additional, Nascimbene, Caterina, additional, Mariani, Claudio, additional, Foresti, Camillo, additional, Moja, Mario Coletti, additional, Valzania, Franco, additional, Danni, Maura, additional, Lori, Silvia, additional, Lanzinger, Siglinde, additional, and Osio, Maurizio, additional

Published
2015
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28. COVID‐19 provoking Guillain–Barré syndrome: The Bergamo case series.

Author

Foresti, Camillo, Servalli, Maria Cristina, Frigeni, Barbara, Rifino, Nicola, Storti, Benedetta, Gritti, Paolo, Fabretti, Fabrizio, Grazioli, Lorenzo, and Sessa, Maria

Subjects
*GUILLAIN-Barre syndrome, *COVID-19, *POLYNEUROPATHIES, *LOW-molecular-weight heparin
Abstract

COVID-19 provoking Guillain-Barré syndrome: The Bergamo case series Keywords: COVID-19; critical illness; Guillain-Barré syndrome; mechanical ventilation EN COVID-19 critical illness Guillain-Barré syndrome mechanical ventilation e84 e85 2 09/17/21 20211001 NES 211001 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS No funding was obtained for the present study. Amongst 1832 COVID-19 patients hospitalized between 23 February and 21 May, we diagnosed 17 cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). [Extracted from the article]

Published
2021
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30. Guillain-Barré syndrome and COVID-19: an observational multicentre study from two Italian hotspot regions.

Author

Filosto M, Cotti Piccinelli S, Gazzina S, Foresti C, Frigeni B, Servalli MC, Sessa M, Cosentino G, Marchioni E, Ravaglia S, Briani C, Castellani F, Zara G, Bianchi F, Del Carro U, Fazio R, Filippi M, Magni E, Natalini G, Palmerini F, Perotti AM, Bellomo A, Osio M, Scopelliti G, Carpo M, Rasera A, Squintani G, Doneddu PE, Bertasi V, Cotelli MS, Bertolasi L, Fabrizi GM, Ferrari S, Ranieri F, Caprioli F, Grappa E, Broglio L, De Maria G, Leggio U, Poli L, Rasulo F, Latronico N, Nobile-Orazio E, Padovani A, and Uncini A

Subjects
Adult, Aged, COVID-19 diagnosis, COVID-19 therapy, Female, Guillain-Barre Syndrome diagnosis, Guillain-Barre Syndrome therapy, Hospitalization, Humans, Incidence, Italy, Male, Middle Aged, Referral and Consultation, Retrospective Studies, COVID-19 complications, Guillain-Barre Syndrome epidemiology
Abstract

Objective: Single cases and small series of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) have been reported during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak worldwide. We evaluated incidence and clinical features of GBS in a cohort of patients from two regions of northern Italy with the highest number of patients with COVID-19., Methods: GBS cases diagnosed in 12 referral hospitals from Lombardy and Veneto in March and April 2020 were retrospectively collected. As a control population, GBS diagnosed in March and April 2019 in the same hospitals were considered., Results: Incidence of GBS in March and April 2020 was 0.202/100 000/month (estimated rate 2.43/100 000/year) vs 0.077/100 000/month (estimated rate 0.93/100 000/year) in the same months of 2019 with a 2.6-fold increase. Estimated incidence of GBS in COVID-19-positive patients was 47.9/100 000 and in the COVID-19-positive hospitalised patients was 236/100 000. COVID-19-positive patients with GBS, when compared with COVID-19-negative subjects, showed lower MRC sum score (26.3±18.3 vs 41.4±14.8, p=0.006), higher frequency of demyelinating subtype (76.6% vs 35.3%, p=0.011), more frequent low blood pressure (50% vs 11.8%, p=0.017) and higher rate of admission to intensive care unit (66.6% vs 17.6%, p=0.002)., Conclusions: This study shows an increased incidence of GBS during the COVID-19 outbreak in northern Italy, supporting a pathogenic link. COVID-19-associated GBS is predominantly demyelinating and seems to be more severe than non-COVID-19 GBS, although it is likely that in some patients the systemic impairment due to COVID-19 might have contributed to the severity of the whole clinical picture., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Published
2021
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31. Platinum-iridium subdermal magnetic resonance imaging-compatible needle electrodes are suitable for intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring during image-guided surgery with high-field intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging: an experimental study.

Author

D'Andrea G, Angelini A, Foresti C, Familiari P, Caroli E, and Frati A

Subjects
Female, Humans, Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring methods, Iridium, Male, Neuronavigation methods, Neurosurgical Procedures methods, Phantoms, Imaging, Platinum, Brain Neoplasms surgery, Electrodes adverse effects, Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring instrumentation, Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods, Surgery, Computer-Assisted methods
Abstract

Background: Neurosurgery aims to achieve maximal tumor resection while preserving neurological function. Tools such as neuronavigation, high-field intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI), and intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IOM) have consistently helped to achieve this goal, but integration has often been difficult. Surgery of eloquent areas requires IOM, which in an operating theater equipped with high-field (1.5-T) iMRI could present several issues., Objective: To identify the electrodes types more suitable for IOM in a high-field iMRI operating theater by performing an experimental study on phantoms, to report our experience with platinum-iridium (Pt/Ir) electrodes during surgery, and to prove that integration between IOM with Pt/Ir electrodes and high-field iMRI is safe and reliable., Methods: Electrodes of different materials (gold, Pt/Ir, and stainless steel) were tested on jelly phantom and apples to evaluate their safety and compatibility. Subsequently, electrodes were tested on 5 healthy volunteers before being used on patients., Results: None of the different electrodes presented thermal instability, and no damage to the volunteers' skin occurred. Stainless steel electrodes caused severe imaging distortion. Gold electrodes had no distortion, but their high cost makes their use in routine surgery unaffordable. Pt/Ir electrodes are significantly less expensive than gold electrodes and were completely safe, compatible, and suitable for use in an operating theater with high-field iMRI, providing excellent IOM and mild interference that did not affect the quality of intraoperative imaging., Conclusion: We suggest the use of Pt/Ir electrodes for IOM in 1.5-T iMRI suites., Abbreviations: DTI, diffusion tensor imagingiMRI, intraoperative magnetic resonance imagingIOM, intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring.

Published
2014
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