Author: "Foreign Expert" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"Foreign Expert"' showing total 30 results

Start Over Author "Foreign Expert"

30 results on '"Foreign Expert"'

1. A Study on EU Regulatory Regimes concerning the Prevention of Vessel-Source Marine Pollution : What Lessons Can Be Learned ?

Author: Junghwan Choi, Jiancuo Qi, and Foreign Expert
Subjects: Marine pollution, Pollutant, Pollution, Leverage (negotiation), Process (engineering), media_common.quotation_subject, Business, Environmental planning, media_common
Abstract: Sea areas where need special attention for the protection of the marine environment from various pollutants are widely distributed throughout the European Regions. In the meantime, the EU has adopted various directives to implement International Maritime Organization (IMO) instruments effectively and uniformly over foreign vessels in European waters so as to ensure ships’ safety and prevent vessel-source pollution. These EU regulatory regimes are conducive to maximizing the legal effect for the implementation of IMO instruments. In addition, the EU has exerted a great influence on the decision-making process of the IMO in adopting regulatory instruments for the prevention of vessel-source marine pollution due to the region’s strong commercial leverage in the global shipping industry. The study of the EU regulatory instruments over the prevention of vessel-source marine pollution will give the states that needs regional cooperative regimes a good example such as how they can establish regional cooperation to effectively prevent vessel-source pollution in sharing sea areas.
Published: 2021

2. A Class of Modality in the Japanese Adverbs 'kitto' and 'kanarazu' : Similarity with 'Tabun' and 'Taitei'

Author: Yasushi, SUGIMURA and Foreign Expert, The Japanese Department, Beijing Second Foreign Language Institute
Abstract: 本稿は「モダリティ」の観点から日本語副詞「キット」と「カナラズ」の意味分析を試みたものである。従来、「キット」と「カナラズ」は「陳述副詞」あるいは「話し手の主観的態度を表わす副詞」として位置付けられ、その「蓋然性」の違いや「推量的機能」「習慣的機能」について諭じられてきたが、その違いはいまだ明確にはされていない。これに対して、本稿では少し角度を変えて考察し、2語とも蓋然性に関わるが、その呼応する成分のモダリティ階層が異なることを主張する。すなわち、「キット」は話し手の判断と関わり、「カナラズ」は命題内容と関わると考えるのである。そして、この呼応する成分のモダリティ的な階層の違いが、二次的に2語のさまざまな意味的な差となって現われていることを明らかにする。また、こういった現象が「キット」と「カナラズ」との間においてだけではなく、「タブン」と「タイテイ」との間にも並行してみられるものであることを指摘する。, This paper is an investigation of the Japanese adverbs "kitto" and "kanarazu" from the viewpoint of modality. In preceding studies, kitto and kanarazu were categorized in "statement adverbs" or "adverbs of the speaker's subjective attitude." And although a distinction of "possibility" or "functions of conjecture/habit" had been the subject of controversy, little is known about the distinction of these two words. This paper has worked from a slightly different angle. The point I wish to make is that the two words belong to different modality classes; kitto has to do with speaker's judgment and kanarazu has to do with a proposition. It is my assertion that the differences in the meanings of kitto and kanarazu is a result of the modality class to which each word belongs. Furthermore, point out that such phenomena are observed not only in "kitto" and "kanarazu " but in "tabun" and "taitei".
Published: 1997

3. Eyewitness of the Cultural Revolution—.

Author: “Foreign Expert“
Published: 1966
Full Text: View/download PDF

4. Eyewitness of the Cultural Revolution

Author: Foreign Expert
Subjects: Friendship, Cultural revolution, History, Nothing, media_common.quotation_subject, Political Science and International Relations, Geography, Planning and Development, Foreign language, Happening, Media studies, Development, China, media_common
Abstract: Drawing a picture of China on the basis of personal experience alone presents several problems. First, “foreign experts” generally did not have access to much more material or information than did foreign journalists; when the movement began to make itself felt in foreign language institutes, in March or April, we were told categorically that it had nothing whatever to do with foreigners. Second, our outstanding advantage as observers–contact, and on the whole good relations, with students–was in general little exploited, in the beginning because we did not appreciate the importance of what was happening, and later, for fear of provoking our employers. Third, much of the most interesting “news” came as rumour from somewhere within the large body of foreigners living in the Friendship Hostel, and these sources were inevitably imprecise in their dating.
Published: 1966

5. Gut Bacteria Composition Drives Primary Resistance to Cancer Immunotherapy in Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients

Author: Conrad Rauber, Gladys Ferrere, Jean-Eudes Fahrner, Valerio Iebba, Nicolas Pons, Romain Daillère, Emmanuelle Le Chatellier, Hugo Roume, Filippo Pietrantonio, Nicola Segata, Marine Fidelle, Anne-Gaëlle Goubet, Carolina Alves Costa Silva, Bertrand Routy, Connie P.M. Duong, Karim Fizazi, Edoardo Pasolli, Safae Terrisse, Beatrice Casu, Laurence Albiges, Bernard Escudier, Mélodie Bonvalet, Maryam Tidjani Alou, Laurie Alla, Kristina Iribarren, Didier Raoult, Aude Desnoyer, Guido Kroemer, Lisa Derosa, Laura Mondragón, Nathalie Galleron, Anna Reni, Fabien Lemaitre, Laurence Zitvogel, Derosa, L., Routy, B., Fidelle, M., Iebba, V., Alla, L., Pasolli, E., Segata, N., Desnoyer, A., Pietrantonio, F., Ferrere, G., Fahrner, J. -E., Le Chatellier, E., Pons, N., Galleron, N., Roume, H., Duong, C. P. M., Mondragon, L., Iribarren, K., Bonvalet, M., Terrisse, S., Rauber, C., Goubet, A. -G., Daillere, R., Lemaitre, F., Reni, A., Casu, B., Alou, M. T., Alves Costa Silva, C., Raoult, D., Fizazi, K., Escudier, B., Kroemer, G., Albiges, L., Zitvogel, L., Immunologie anti-tumorale et immunothérapie des cancers (ITIC), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de médecine de l'Université Paris-Sud [Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris], Université Paris-Saclay, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Université de Montréal (UdeM), MetaGenoPolis (MGP (US 1367)), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento (CIBIO), University of Trento [Trento], Analyse moléculaire, modélisation et imagerie de la maladie cancéreuse (AMMICa), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori [Milano], Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections (MEPHI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine [Jiangsu, P.R. China], Karolinska University Hospital [Stockholm], Philanthropia Foundation ESMO translational research fellowship Fonds de la Recherche en Sante du Quebec Kidney Cancer Research Network of Canada Ligue nationale contre le cancerFrench National Research Agency (ANR)French National Research Agency (ANR)ERA-Net for Research on Rare Diseases Fondation ARC pour la Recherche sur le CancerRegion Ile-de-France Fondation de FranceFondation pour la Recherche MedicaleEuropean Commission Joint Research CentreEuropean Research Council (ERC)Fondation Carrefour, High-end Foreign Expert Program in China GDW20171100085 GDW20181100051Institut National du Cancer (INCA) FranceInserm (HTE) Institut Universitaire de France Leducq FoundationSearave and Carrefour Foundation SIRIC Stratified Oncology Cell DNA Repair and Tumor Immune Elimination (SOCRATE 2.0) BMS Foundation SIRIC Cancer Research and Personalized Medicine (CARPEM) Paris Alliance of Cancer Research Institutes (PACRI) Mediterranee Infection 10-IAHU-03Region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'AzurNational Research, Development and Innovation Fund of Hungary FIEK_16-1-20160005Research and Technology Innovation Fund NAP2-2017-1.2.1-NKP-0002Breast Cancer Research Foundation BCRF-17-156Novo Nordisk Foundation Interdisciplinary Synergy Program Grant NNF15OC0016584, ANR-16-RHUS-0008,LUMIERE,LUMIERE(2016), European Project: 825410,ONCOBIOME, University of Naples Federico II, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Paris (UP), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud [Le Kremlin-Bicêtre] (Faculté de Médecine), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université de Montréal (UdeM), Centre d’Investigation Clinique en Biothérapies [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière] (CIC-BT), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France, MetaGenoPolis, European Institute of Oncology [Milan] (ESMO), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Partenaires INRAE, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Philanthropia Foundation ESMO translational research fellowship.Fonds de la Recherche en Sante du Quebec Kidney Cancer Research Network of CanadaLigue nationale contre le cancerFrench National Research Agency (ANR) ERA-Net for Research on Rare DiseasesFondation ARC pour la Recherche sur le CancerRegion Ile-de-FranceFondation de FranceFondation pour la Recherche MedicaleEuropean Commission Joint ResearchCentre European Research Council (ERC)Fondation Carrefour, and High-end Foreign Expert Program in China GDW20171100085 GDW20181100051Institut National du Cancer (INCA) France Inserm (HTE) Institut Universitaire de FranceLeducq FoundationSearave and Carrefour Foundation SIRIC Stratified Oncology Cell DNA Repair and Tumor Immune Elimination (SOCRATE 2.0) BMS Foundation SIRIC Cancer Research and Personalized Medicine (CARPEM) Paris Alliance of Cancer Research Institutes (PACRI)Mediterranee Infection 10-IAHU-03Region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'AzurNational Research, Development and Innovation Fund of Hungary FIEK_16-1-20160005Research and Technology Innovation Fund NAP2-2017-1.2.1-NKP-0002Breast Cancer Research Foundation BCRF-17-156Novo Nordisk Foundation Interdisciplinary Synergy Program Grant NNF15OC0016584
Subjects: Oncology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], medicine.medical_treatment, Antibiotics, 030232 urology & nephrology, Tyrosine kinase inhibitor, Immune checkpoint inhibitor, Tyrosine-kinase inhibitor, Feces, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Cancer immunotherapy, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Renal cell carcinoma, Prospective Studies, Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Microbiota, Kidney cancer, Kidney Neoplasms, 3. Good health, Nivolumab, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, Urology, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Predictive Value of Tests, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Carcinoma, Renal Cell, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, business.industry, Antibiotic, Immunotherapy, medicine.disease, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Immune checkpoint, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, business
Abstract: Background: The development of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has revolutionized the clinical outcome of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Nevertheless, improvement of durability and prediction of responses remain unmet medical needs. While it has been recognized that antibiotics (ATBs) decrease the clinical activity of ICB across various malignancies, little is known about the direct impact of distinct intestinal nonpathogenic bacteria (commensals) on therapeutic outcomes of ICB in RCC. Objective: To evaluate the predictive value of stool bacteria composition for ICB efficacy in a cohort of advanced RCC patients. Design, setting, and participants: We prospectively collected fecal samples from 69 advanced RCC patients treated with nivolumab and enrolled in the GETUG-AFU 26 NIVOREN microbiota translational substudy phase 2 trial (NCT03013335) at Gustave Roussy. We recorded patient characteristics including ATB use, prior systemic therapies, and response criteria. We analyzed 2994 samples of feces from healthy volunteers (HVs). In parallel, preclinical studies performed in RCC-bearing mice that received fecal transplant (FMT) from RCC patients resistant to ICB (NR-FMT) allowed us to draw a cause-effect relationship between gut bacteria composition and clinical outcomes for ICB. The influence of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) taken before starting nivolumab on the microbiota composition has also been assessed. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Metagenomic data (MG) from whole genome sequencing (WGS) were analyzed by multivariate and pairwise comparisons/fold ratio to identify bacterial fingerprints related to ATB or prior TKI exposure and patients’ therapeutic response (overall response and progression-free survival), and compared with the data from cancer-free donors. Results and limitations: Recent ATB use (n = 11; 16%) reduced objective response rates (from 28% to 9%, p < 0.03) and markedly affected the composition of the microbiota, facilitating the dominance of distinct species such as Clostridium hathewayi, which were also preferentially over-represented in stools from RCC patients compared with HVs. Importantly, TKIs taken prior to nivolumab had implications in shifting the microbiota composition. To establish a cause-effect relationship between gut bacteria composition and ICB efficacy, NR-FMT mice were successfully compensated with either FMT from responding RCC patients or beneficial commensals identified by WGS-MG (Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides salyersiae). Conclusions: The composition of the microbiota is influenced by TKIs and ATBs, and impacts the success of immunotherapy. Future studies will help sharpen the role of these specific bacteria and their potential as new biomarkers. Patient summary: We used quantitative shotgun DNA sequencing of fecal microbes as well as preclinical models of fecal or bacterial transfer to study the association between stool composition and (pre)clinical outcome to immune checkpoint blockade. Novel insights into the pathophysiological relevance of intestinal dysbiosis in the prognosis of kidney cancer may lead to innovative therapeutic solutions, such as supplementation with probiotics to prevent primary resistance to therapy. Antibiotics prior to immune checkpoint inhibitors have a deleterious clinical impact, reduce the microbiome diversity, and increase Clostridium hathewayi bacteria associated with resistance. Higher baseline microbiome diversity and Akkermansia muciniphila are associated with longer progression-free survival. In murine fecal microbiome transplantation experiments, A. muciniphila can restore the anticancer activity of the combination of anti–PD-1 and CTLA-4.
Published: 2020

6. Digesting the crisis: autophagy and coronaviruses

Author: Katharina Kainz, Maria A. Bauer, Didac Carmona-Gutierrez, Guido Kroemer, Sebastian J. Hofer, Frank Madeo, Andreas Zimmermann, Karl-Franzens-Universität [Graz, Autriche], BioHealth Graz [Graz, Autriche], Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Paris (UP), Plateforme de métabolomique, Direction de la recherche [Gustave Roussy], Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Cell Biology Platform [Villejuif], Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Pôle de biologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences [Suzhou, Chine] (CAMS), Karolinska University Hospital [Stockholm], BioTechMed Graz [Graz, Autriche], The authors are grateful to the Austrian Science Fund FWF (SFBLIPOTOX F3007&F3012, W1226, P29203, P29262, P27893) and the Austrian Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research and the University of Graz for grants 'Unkonventionelle Forschung' and 'flysleep' (BMWFW-80.109/0001-WF/V/3b/2015). The authors also acknowledge the funding of DK Metabolic and Cardiovas-cular Disease (FWF) and the Doctoral College 'Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease' (FWFW1226) as well as support from NAWI Graz and the BioTechMed-Graz flagship project 'EPIAge'. GK is supported by the Ligue contre le Cancer (équipe labellisée), Agence National de la Recherche (ANR) – Projets blancs, ANR under the frame of E-Rare-2, the ERA-Net for Research on Rare Diseases, AMMICa US23/CNRS UMS3655, Association pour la recherche sur le cancer (ARC), Association 'Le Cancer du Sein, Parlons-en!', Cancéropôle Ile-de-France, Chancelerie des universités de Paris (Legs Poix), Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM), a donation by Elior, European Research Area Network on Cardiovascular Diseases (ERA-CVD, MINOTAUR), Gustave Roussy Odyssea, the European Union Horizon 2020 Project Oncobiome, Fondation Carrefour, High-end Foreign Expert Program in China (GDW20171100085), Institut National du Cancer (INCa), Inserm (HTE), Institut Universitaire de France, LeDucq Foundation, the LabEx Immuno-Oncology (ANR-18-IDEX-0001), the RHU Torino Lumière, the Seerave Foundation, the SIRIC Stratified Oncology Cell DNA Repair and Tumor Immune Elimination (SOCRATE), and the SIRIC Cancer Research and Personalized Medicine (CARPEM)., Bodescot, Myriam, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: 0209 industrial biotechnology, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), viruses, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), coronavirus, Cellular homeostasis, Inflammation, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, 02 engineering and technology, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous), Microbiology, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Viewpoint, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Immune system, Immunity, Virology, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Genetics, medicine, [SDV.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Molecular Biology, sars, Coronavirus, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Autophagy, mers, virophagy, Cell Biology, immunity, 3. Good health, Cell biology, sars-cov-2, covid-19, lcsh:Biology (General), inflammation, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Parasitology, medicine.symptom
Abstract: International audience; Autophagy is a catabolic pathway with multifaceted roles in cellular homeostasis. This process is also involved in the antiviral response at multiple levels, including the direct elimination of intruding viruses (virophagy), the presentation of viral antigens, the fitness of immune cells, and the inhibition of excessive inflammatory reactions. In line with its central role in immunity, viruses have evolved mechanisms to interfere with or to evade the autophagic process, and in some cases, even to harness autophagy or constituents of the autophagic machinery for their replication. Given the devastating consequences of the current COVID-19 pandemic, the question arises whether manipulating autophagy might be an expedient approach to fight the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. In this piece, we provide a short overview of the evidence linking autophagy to coronaviruses and discuss whether such links may provide actionable targets for therapeutic interventions.
Published: 2020

7. Zinc isotopic composition of the lower continental crust estimated from lower crustal xenoliths and granulite terrains

Author: Frédéric Moynier, La Zhang, Ming Li, Yangtao Zhu, Zaicong Wang, Zhaochu Hu, Haihong Chen, Ganglan Zhang, Yongsheng Liu, China Univ Geosci, Sch Earth Sci, State Key Lab Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), China Univ Geosci, Sch Earth Sci, State Key Lab Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, Peoples R China, and National Natural Science Foundation of China4153021141927803State Administration of Foreign Expert Affairs of China BP0719022MOST Special Funds of the State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources MSFGPMR01National High-level Personnel of Special Support Program ('Ten Thousand Talents Program')
Subjects: Xenoliths, Basalt, geography, Felsic, geography.geographical_feature_category, Zn isotopes, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Archean, Continental crust, Geochemistry, Lower continental crust, 15. Life on land, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Granulite, 01 natural sciences, Fe-Ti oxides, Craton, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Geochemistry and Petrology, Metasomatism, Mafic, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: This study presents high precision Zn stable isotope analyses for lower crustal rocks (9 granulites from Archean terrains and 30 lower crustal xenoliths) from the north margin of the North China Craton (NCC) to understand the behavior of Zn isotopes during deep crustal processes and the Zn isotopic composition of the lower continental crust (LCC). The lower crustal xenoliths range in composition from mafic to felsic with MgO contents of between 0.4 to 20.2 wt.%. The δ66Zn (the permil deviation of the 66Zn/64Zn ratio from the JMC-Lyon standard) values of lower crustal xenoliths range from −0.17‰ to 0.38‰. The lack of clear correlation of δ66Zn with geochemical indicators (e.g., Al2O3, Cr, Ba/La, 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd) indicates that assimilation of Precambrian lower crust, fluid metasomatism, and accumulation of pyroxene and plagioclase had a limited effect on Zn isotopic compositions of these lower crustal xenoliths. The δ66Zn values (0.18‰ to 0.34‰) of garnet-bearing mafic granulites decrease with increasing FeO(T) and V contents, which are likely results of the accumulation of Fe-Ti oxides. The average δ66Zn of the lower continental crust is estimated to be 0.29 ± 0.02‰ (95% SE) using lower crustal xenoliths from the Neogene Hannuoba basalts. This δ66Zn value is similar to the estimated value (0.28 ± 0.04‰, 95% SE) obtained from the granulites from Archean terrains, suggesting that there is no significant difference in the Zn isotopic composition between the Archean and present-day lower continental crust. Combining the δ66Zn data of the lower crustal xenoliths and granulite terrains and different weighting methods, the Zn isotopic composition of the lower continental crust is estimated to be 0.28 ± 0.04‰ (95% SE).
Published: 2020

8. [Review] Intelligent on-demand design of phononic metamaterials

Author: Jin, Yabin, He, Liangshu, Wen, Zhihui, Mortazavi, Bohayra, Guo, Hongwei, Torrent, Daniel, Djafari-Rouhani, Bahram, Rabczuk, Timon, Zhuang, Xiaoying, Li, Yan, Tongji University, School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie (ICube), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Fujian Province for Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University (HQU), Universitat Jaume I, Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Physique - IEMN (PHYSIQUE - IEMN), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Bauhaus-Universität Weimar, Tongii University (Department of Geotechnical Engineering), Institute of Vegetables and Flowers (IVF), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), This work is supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant Nos. 2020YFA0211402), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11902223), the program for professor of special appointment (Eastern Scholar) at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning, the High-Level Foreign Expert Program, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities. D.T. acknowledges financial support through the 'Ramon y Cajal' fellowship, under Grant No. RYC-2016-21188, from the Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities, through Project No. RTI2018-093921-AC42 and from the Universitat Jaume I through Project No. UJI-A2018-08., test, and IEMN, Collection
Subjects: [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], machine learning, metamaterials, [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], hierarchical structure, inverse design, 2D materials, phononic crystals
Abstract: International audience; With the growing interest in the field of artificial materials, more advanced and sophisticated functionalities are required from phononic crystals and acoustic metamaterials. This implies a high computational effort and cost, and still the efficiency of the designs may be not sufficient. With the help of third-wave artificial intelligence technologies, the design schemes of these materials are undergoing a new revolution. As an important branch of artificial intelligence, machine learning paves the way to new technological innovations by stimulating the exploration of structural design. Machine learning provides a powerful means of achieving an efficient and accurate design process by exploring nonlinear physical patterns in high-dimensional space, based on data sets of candidate structures. Many advanced machine learning algorithms, such as deep neural networks, unsupervised manifold clustering, reinforcement learning and so forth, have been widely and deeply investigated for structural design. In this review, we summarize the recent works on the combination of phononic metamaterials and machine learning. We provide an overview of machine learning on structural design. Then discuss machine learning driven on-demand design of phononic metamaterials for acoustic and elastic waves functions, topological phases and atomic-scale phonon properties. Finally, we summarize the current state of the art and provide a prospective of the future development directions.
Published: 2022

9. Autoimmunity affecting the biliary tract fuels the immunosurveillance of cholangiocarcinoma

Author: Franck Letourneur, Jérémy Augustin, Mark J. Kurth, Julie Le Naour, Sylvie Lachkar, Pamela Caudana, Eliane Piaggio, Youra Kim, Sarah Levesque, Jie S. Zhu, Guido Kroemer, Jonathan Pol, Bouchra Lekbaby, Andrea Checcoli, Patrick S.C. Leung, Allan Sauvat, Shashi Gujar, Agathe Delaune, Chantal Housset, Pierre de la Grange, Paule Opolon, Laura Fouassier, Noémie Robil, Laurence Zitvogel, Patrick Soussan, Juliette Paillet, Céleste Plantureux, Jimena Tosello Boari, M. Eric Gershwin, Isabelle Martins, Maria Chiara Maiuri, Cédric Coulouarn, Gautier Stoll, Norma Bloy, Gwennhael Autret, Juliette Hamroune, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Institut Curie [Paris], Immunité et cancer (U932), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Curie [Paris], Cancer et génome: Bioinformatique, biostatistiques et épidémiologie d'un système complexe, Institut Curie [Paris]-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), GenoSplice [Paris], Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC (UMR_S 970/ U970)), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CR Saint-Antoine), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Dalhousie University [Halifax], Chemistry, Oncogenesis, Stress and Signaling (COSS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CRLCC Eugène Marquis (CRLCC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), CRLCC Eugène Marquis (CRLCC), Université Paris-Saclay, Immunologie des tumeurs et immunothérapie (UMR 1015), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre d'Investigation Clinique en Biotherapie des cancers (CIC 1428 , CBT 507 ), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Karolinska University Hospital [Stockholm], Association pour la lutte contre les maladies inflammatoires du foie et des voies biliaires, Dalhousie Medical Research Foundation, Agence National de la Recherche, ERA-Net for Research on Rare Diseases, Association pour la recherche sur le cancer, Cancéropôle Ile-de-France, Chancellerie des universités de Paris, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, Elior, European Research Area Network on Cardiovascular Diseases, Gustave Roussy Odyssea, European Union Horizon 2020, Canadian Cancer Society, Project Oncobiome, Fondation Carrefour, GDW20171100085, High-end Foreign Expert Program in China, Institut National du Cancer, Inserm, Institut Universitaire de France, LeDucq Foundation, LabEx, Recherche Hospitalo-Universitaire Torino Lumière, Seerave Foundation, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Site de Recherche intégrée sur le Cancer Stratified Oncology Cell DNA Repair and Tumor Immune Elimination, Cancer Research and Personalized Medicine, Multi-Organism Institute (ITMO) Aviesan Cancer, Association Française d'Hépatologie, Site de Recherche intégrée sur le Cancer Cancer Research and Personalized Medicine, Ligue contre le Cancer, École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), University of California (UC), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université de Rennes (UR)-CRLCC Eugène Marquis (CRLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Cholangitis, Autoimmunity, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Inbred C57BL, medicine.disease_cause, Medical and Health Sciences, Malignant transformation, Cholangiocarcinoma, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Immunologic, Neoplasms, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Aetiology, Cancer, 0303 health sciences, Tumor, Liver Disease, Forkhead Transcription Factors, 3. Good health, Immunosurveillance, medicine.anatomical_structure, Liver, Biliary tract, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Hepatocellular carcinoma, cardiovascular system, Cytokines, Female, Biotechnology, Liver Cancer, Monitoring, T cell, Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis, Immunology, Context (language use), [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Autoimmune Disease, digestive system, Cell Line, Primary sclerosing cholangitis, Experimental, 03 medical and health sciences, Rare Diseases, Monitoring, Immunologic, Cell Line, Tumor, parasitic diseases, Animals, cardiovascular diseases, Digestive Diseases - (Gallbladder), 030304 developmental biology, business.industry, Neoplasms, Experimental, medicine.disease, digestive system diseases, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Bile Duct Neoplasms, Cancer research, Digestive Diseases, business
Abstract: International audience; Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) results from the malignant transformation of cholangiocytes. Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) are chronic diseases in which cholangiocytes are primarily damaged. Although PSC is an inflammatory condition predisposing to CCA, CCA is almost never found in the autoimmune context of PBC. Here, we hypothesized that PBC might favor CCA immunosurveillance. In preclinical murine models of cholangitis challenged with syngeneic CCA, PBC (but not PSC) reduced the frequency of CCA development and delayed tumor growth kinetics. This PBC-related effect appeared specific to CCA as it was not observed against other cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma. The protective effect of PBC was relying on type 1 and type 2 T cell responses and, to a lesser extent, on B cells. Single-cell TCR/RNA sequencing revealed the existence of TCR clonotypes shared between the liver and CCA tumor of a PBC host. Altogether, these results evidence a mechanistic overlapping between autoimmunity and cancer immunosurveillance in the biliary tract.
Published: 2021

10. Broadband Rayleigh wave attenuation by gradient metamaterials

Author: Bahram Djafari-Rouhani, Zhihui Wen, Xinyue Wu, Timon Rabczuk, Yabin Jin, Xiaoying Zhuang, School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Bauhaus-Universität Weimar, Tongii University (Department of Geotechnical Engineering), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Physique - IEMN (PHYSIQUE - IEMN), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11902223), the Shanghai Pujiang Program (19PJ1410100), the program for professor of special appointment (Eastern Scholar) at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, the High-Level Foreign Expert Program of Tongji University and Shanghai municipal peak discipline program (2019010106)., Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), and Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA)
Subjects: broadband attenuation, Acoustics, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Low frequency, 01 natural sciences, Seismic wave, symbols.namesake, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 0103 physical sciences, Broadband, General Materials Science, Rayleigh wave, 010306 general physics, Dispersion (water waves), Civil and Structural Engineering, Physics, Mechanical Engineering, Attenuation, gradient metamaterial, Metamaterial, Acoustic wave, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Mechanics of Materials, symbols, seismic metamaterial, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; Broadband attenuation of low frequency acoustic waves in compact structure designs is a challenging issue, especially in the application to seismic waves. In this work, we propose a new seismic metamaterial constituted by a combination of two different attenuating structures, namely pillars above the ground and core-shell inclusions embedded in the soil. As compared to the two constituting parts, this structure enables us to broaden the bandgap while shifting it towards lower frequencies. Additionally, the analysis of the symmetry of the excited Rayleigh wave and the eigenmodes in the dispersion curves reveal that the frequency range of efficient wave attenuation in transmission is much wider than that of the corresponding bandgap. Finally, gradient combined metamaterial is designed to achieve wave attenuation in a broadband range of [4.3, 20.0] Ηz while the unit cell size keeps compact, of the order of 2 m. The results show practical and economic applications in ground surface vibration isolation to protect large infrastructures or civil engineering architectures.
Published: 2021

11. Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RNA virus shedding and lymphopenia are hallmarks of COVID-19 in cancer patients with poor prognosis

Author: Goubet, Anne-Gaëlle, Dubuisson, Agathe, Geraud, Arthur, Danlos, François-Xavier, Terrisse, Safae, Silva, Carolina Alves Costa, Drubay, Damien, Touri, Lea, Picard, Marion, Mazzenga, Marine, Silvin, Aymeric, Dunsmore, Garett, Haddad, Yacine, Pizzato, Eugenie, Ly, Pierre, Flament, Caroline, Melenotte, Cléa, Solary, Eric, Fontenay, Michaela, Garcia, Gabriel, Balleyguier, Corinne, Lassau, Nathalie, Maeurer, Markus, Grajeda-Iglesias, Claudia, Nirmalathasan, Nitharsshini, Aprahamian, Fanny, Durand, Sylvère, Kepp, Oliver, Ferrere, Gladys, Thelemaque, Cassandra, Lahmar, Imran, Fahrner, Jean-Eudes, Meziani, Lydia, Ahmed-Belkacem, Abdelhakim, Saïdani, Nadia, La Scola, Bernard, Raoult, Didier, Gentile, Stéphanie, Cortaredona, Sébastien, Ippolito, Giuseppe, Lelouvier, Benjamin, Roulet, Alain, Andre, Fabrice, Barlesi, Fabrice, Soria, Jean-Charles, Pradon, Caroline, Gallois, Emmanuelle, Pommeret, Fanny, Colomba, Emeline, Ginhoux, Florent, Kazandjian, Suzanne, Elkrief, Arielle, Routy, Bertrand, Miyara, Makoto, Gorochov, Guy, Deutsch, Eric, Albiges, Laurence, Stoclin, Annabelle, Gachot, Bertrand, Florin, Anne, Merad, Mansouria, Scotte, Florian, Assaad, Souad, Kroemer, Guido, Blay, Jean-Yves, Marabelle, Aurélien, Griscelli, Frank, Zitvogel, Laurence, Derosa, Lisa, Immunologie des tumeurs et immunothérapie (UMR 1015), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Oncostat (U1018 (Équipe 2)), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Biologie et Génétique de la Paroi bactérienne - Biology and Genetics of Bacterial Cell Wall, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), LaBoratoire d'Imagerie biOmédicale MultimodAle Paris-Saclay (BIOMAPS), Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown [Lisbon], Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Radiothérapie Moléculaire et Innovation Thérapeutique (RaMo-IT), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, IMRB - 'Transfusion et Maladies du Globule Rouge' [Créteil] (U955 Inserm - UPEC), Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Cornouaille (CHIC), Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections (MEPHI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Centre d'études et de recherche sur les services de santé et la qualité de vie (CEReSS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'Lazzaro Spallanzani', Vaiomer, Biomarqueurs prédictifs et nouvelles stratégies moléculaires en thérapeutique anticancéreuse (U981), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Biomedical Sciences Institute (BMSI), E-institute of Shanghai University Immunology Division, Shanghai University, Duke-NUS Medical School [Singapore], McGill University Health Center [Montreal] (MUHC), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CR CHUM), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université de Montréal (UdeM), Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon], Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, UNICANCER, Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences [Suzhou, Chine] (CAMS), Modèles de Cellules Souches Malignes et Thérapeutiques, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, National Infrastructure INGESTEM, Université Paris Sud, A-GG was supported by Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM). LD has received support by the Philanthropia Fondation Gustave Roussy. The Gustave Roussy sponsored clinical study on COVID-19 (ONCOVID, NCT NCT04341207 has been supported by the Fondation Gustave Roussy, the Dassault family, Malakoff Humanis, Agnès b., Izipizi, Ralph Lauren and Sanofi). LZ and GK were supported by RHU Torino Lumière (ANR-16-RHUS-0008), ONCOBIOME H2020 network, the Seerave Foundation, the Ligue contre le Cancer (équipe labelisée), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)—Projets blancs, ANR under the frame of E-Rare-2, the ERA-Net for Research on Rare Diseases, Association pour la recherche sur le cancer (ARC), Cancéropôle Ile-de-France, FRM, a donation by Elior, the European Research Council (ERC), Fondation Carrefour, High-end Foreign Expert Program in China (GDW20171100085 and GDW20181100051), Institut National du Cancer (INCa), Inserm (HTE), Institut Universitaire de France, LeDucq Foundation, the LabEx Immuno-Oncology, the SIRIC Stratified Oncology Cell DNA Repair and Tumor Immune Elimination (SOCRATE), CARE network (directed by Prof. Mariette, Kremlin Bicêtre AP-HP), and the SIRIC Cancer Research and Personalized Medicine (CARPEM). GI was supported by Italian Ministry of Health (grants Ricerca CorrenteLinea 1, 1 'Infezioni Emergenti e Riemergenti', projects COVID-2020-12371675 and COVID‐2020‐12371817). MMy and GG were supported by ANR Flash COVID-19 program and ARS-CoV-2 Program of the Faculty of Medicine from Sorbonne University ICOViD programs (PI: GG)., ANR-16-RHUS-0008,LUMIERE,LUMIERE(2016), European Project: 825410,ONCOBIOME, École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), COMBE, Isabelle, LUMIERE - - LUMIERE2016 - ANR-16-RHUS-0008 - RHUS - VALID, European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement. - ONCOBIOME - 825410 - INCOMING, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Oncostat team [Villejuif], Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Unité BioMaps (BIOMAPS), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Université de Paris (UP), Department of Radiology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and Université Paris Cité (UPC)
Subjects: Adult, DNA, Bacterial, Male, Time Factors, Adolescent, Article, Cohort Studies, Young Adult, Prognostic markers, Medical research, Enterobacteriaceae, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Lymphopenia, Nasopharynx, Neoplasms, Humans, Pandemics, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Middle Aged, Prognosis, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Virus Shedding, Interferon Type I, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, RNA, Viral, Female, [SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Micrococcaceae
Abstract: International audience; Patients with cancer are at higher risk of severe coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19), but the mechanisms underlying virus–host interactions during cancer therapies remain elusive. When comparing nasopharyngeal swabs from cancer and noncancer patients for RT-qPCR cycle thresholds measuring acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 1063 patients (58% with cancer), we found that malignant disease favors the magnitude and duration of viral RNA shedding concomitant with prolonged serum elevations of type 1 IFN that anticorrelated with anti-RBD IgG antibodies. Cancer patients with a prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection exhibited the typical immunopathology of severe COVID-19 at the early phase of infection including circulation of immature neutrophils, depletion of nonconventional monocytes, and a general lymphopenia that, however, was accompanied by a rise in plasmablasts, activated follicular T-helper cells, and non-naive Granzyme B + FasL + , Eomes high TCF-1 high , PD-1 + CD8 + Tc1 cells. Virus-induced lymphopenia worsened cancer-associated lymphocyte loss, and low lymphocyte counts correlated with chronic SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding, COVID-19 severity, and a higher risk of cancer-related death in the first and second surge of the pandemic. Lymphocyte loss correlated with significant changes in metabolites from the polyamine and biliary salt pathways as well as increased blood DNA from Enterobacteriaceae and Micrococcaceae gut family members in long-term viral carriers. We surmise that cancer therapies may exacerbate the paradoxical association between lymphopenia and COVID-19-related immunopathology, and that the prevention of COVID-19-induced lymphocyte loss may reduce cancer-associated death.
Published: 2021

12. The metabolomic signature of extreme longevity: naked mole rats versus mice

Author: Frank Madeo, Sylvère Durand, Deborah Lefevre, Mélanie Viltard, Christine Leroy, Maria Perez-Lanzon, Guido Kroemer, Gérard Friedlander, Fanny Aprahamian, Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université, Fondation pour la Recherche en Physiologie [Brussels, Belgium], Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Paris-Saclay, AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM - UM 111 (UMR 8253 / U1151)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), University of Science & Technology of China [Suzhou], Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Karolinska University Hospital [Stockholm], Plateforme de métabolomique, Direction de la recherche [Gustave Roussy], Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), GK is supported by the Ligue contre le Cancer (équipe labellisée), Agence National de la Recherche (ANR) – Projets blancs, ANR under the frame of E-Rare-2, the ERA-Net for Research on Rare Diseases, Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (ARC), Cancéropôle Ile-de-France, Chancelerie des universités de Paris (Legs Poix), Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM), a donation by Elior, European Research Area Network on Cardiovascular Diseases (ERA-CVD, MINOTAUR), Gustave Roussy Odyssea, the European Union Horizon 2020 Project Oncobiome, Fondation Carrefour, High-end Foreign Expert Program in China (GDW20171100085 and GDW20181100051), Institut National du Cancer (INCa), Inserm (HTE), Institut Universitaire de France, LeDucq Foundation, the LabEx Immuno-Oncology (ANR-18-IDEX-0001), the RHU Torino Lumière, the Seerave Foundation, the SIRIC Stratified Oncology Cell DNA Repair and Tumor Immune Elimination (SOCRATE), and the SIRIC Cancer Research and Personalized Medicine (CARPEM). F.M. is grateful to the Austrian Science Fund FWF (SFB LIPOTOX F3007 & F3012, W1226, P29203, P29262, P27893, P 31727 and the Austrian Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research and the University of Graz for grants 'Unkonventionelle Forschung-InterFast' and 'flysleep' (BMWFW 80.109/0001-WF/V/3b/2015) as well as the field of excellence program BioHealth. We acknowledge support from NAWI Graz and the BioTechMed-Graz flagship project 'EPIAge'. M.V. is grateful to the Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort (EnvA) and the Association De Prévoyance Santé (ADPS) partners of Allianz, for their invaluable help in establishing and funding the animal facility. M.P.L. is supported by Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM FDT201904008383)., Université de Paris (UP), and Karl-Franzens-Universität [Graz, Autriche]
Subjects: autophagy, Aging, Rodent, [SDV.MHEP.PHY] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], medicine.medical_treatment, media_common.quotation_subject, Longevity, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Metabolomics, Species Specificity, biology.animal, spermidine, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], medicine, Metabolome, microbiota, Animals, 030304 developmental biology, media_common, meta-organism, 0303 health sciences, biology, Vitamin E, Mole Rats, catabolism, Laboratory mouse, Cell Biology, Rats, Spermidine, Metabolic pathway, antioxidants, Biochemistry, chemistry, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Priority Research Paper
Abstract: International audience; The naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber) is characterized by a more than tenfold higher life expectancy compared to another rodent species of the same size, namely, the laboratory mouse (Mus musculus). We used mass spectrometric metabolomics to analyze circulating plasma metabolites in both species at different ages. Interspecies differences were much more pronounced than age-associated alterations in the metabolome. Such interspecies divergences affected multiple metabolic pathways involving amino, bile and fatty acids as well as monosaccharides and nucleotides. The most intriguing metabolites were those that had previously been linked to pro-health and antiaging effects in mice and that were significantly increased in the long-lived rodent compared to its short-lived counterpart. This pattern applies to α-tocopherol (also known as vitamin E) and polyamines (in particular cadaverine, N8-acetylspermidine and N1,N8-diacetylspermidine), all of which were more abundant in naked mole-rats than in mice. Moreover, the age-associated decline in spermidine and N1-acetylspermidine levels observed in mice did not occur, or is even reversed (in the case of N1-acetylspermidine) in naked mole-rats. In short, the present metabolomics analysis provides a series of testable hypotheses to explain the exceptional longevity of naked mole-rats.
Published: 2019

13. Multifaceted modes of action of the anticancer probiotic Enterococcus hirae

Author: Marion Leduc, Didier Raoult, Laura Mondragón, Kristina Iribarren, Anne-Gaëlle Goubet, Diane Derrien, Satoru Yonekura, Noélie Bossut, Valerio Iebba, Nicola Segata, Guo Chen, Ivo G. Boneca, Lisa Derosa, Adrien Joseph, Fabrice Andre, Sylvère Durand, Aurélie Fluckiger, Maryam Tidjani Alou, Fanny Aprahamian, Richard J. Wheeler, Maryse Moya-Nilges, Eugenie Pizzato, Bo Qu, Guido Kroemer, Oliver Kepp, Nicolas Pons, Romain Daillère, Fabien Lemaitre, Laurence Zitvogel, Department of Radiology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Saclay, AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre)-Université Paris-Saclay, Immunologie anti-tumorale et immunothérapie des cancers (ITIC), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Biologie et Génétique de la Paroi bactérienne - Biology and Genetics of Bacterial Cell Wall, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Shanghai Jiao Tong University [Shanghai], Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Paris (UP), Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer - Paris, Ligue Nationnale Contre le Cancer, UMR 1015 Immunologie des tumeurs et immunothérapie contre le cancer (ITIC), Plateforme BioImagerie Ultrastructurale – Ultrastructural BioImaging Platform (UTechS UBI), Institut Pasteur [Paris], MetaGenoPolis (MGP (US 1367)), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Trento [Trento], Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections (MEPHI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Paris (UP), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Karolinska University Hospital [Stockholm], Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, Ligue contre le Cancer (équipes labellisées), Leducq Foundation, Seerave Foundation, SIRIC Stratified Oncology Cell DNA Repair and Tumor Immune Elimination (SOCRATE), SIRIC Cancer Research and Personalized Medicine (CARPEM), Fondation ARC pour la Recherche sur le Cancer, Région Ile-de-France, Chancellerie des universités de Paris (Legs Poix), FRM, European Research Area Network on Cardiovascular Diseases (ERA-CVD, MINOTAUR), Gustave Roussy Odyssea, Fondation Carrefour, High-end Foreign Expert Program in China: GDW20171100085 and GDW20181100051, Institut National du Cancer (INCA) France, Inserm (HTE), Institut Universitaire de France, ANR-10-COHO-0004,CANTO,Etude des toxicités chroniques des traitements anticancéreux chez les patientes porteuses cancer(2010), ANR-18-IDEX-0001,Université de Paris,Université de Paris(2018), ANR-16-RHUS-0008,LUMIERE,LUMIERE(2016), European Project: 680969,H2020,H2020-HCO-2015,ERA-CVD(2015), European Project: 825410, H2020-EU.3.1., H2020-EU.3.1.2.,ONCOBIOME (2019), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Goubet, A. -G., Wheeler, R., Fluckiger, A., Qu, B., Lemaitre, F., Iribarren, K., Mondragon, L., Tidjani Alou, M., Pizzato, E., Durand, S., Derosa, L., Aprahamian, F., Bossut, N., Moya-Nilges, M., Derrien, D., Chen, G., Leduc, M., Joseph, A., Pons, N., Le Chatelier, E., Segata, N., Yonekura, S., Iebba, V., Kepp, O., Raoult, D., Andre, F., Kroemer, G., Boneca, I. G., Zitvogel, L., Daillere, R., Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPC), Université Paris Cité (UPC), Immunologie des tumeurs et immunothérapie (UMR 1015), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), and European Project: 825410,ONCOBIOME
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], microbiome, law.invention, Probiotic, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Cancer immunotherapy, Enterococcus hirae, law, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Neoplasms, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, CD137, 3. Good health, Bifidobacterium animalis, Anti-Bacterial Agents, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Female, immunotherapy, Immunotherapy, microbiota, cancer, tumor, probiotic, intratumoral IFNγ, Biology, Article, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Memory T Cells, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, medicine, Animals, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Microbiome, Molecular Biology, Probiotics, Autophagy, Cell Biology, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Mice, Inbred C57BL, 030104 developmental biology, Dysbiosis
Abstract: International audience; A deviated repertoire of the gut microbiome predicts resistance to cancer immunotherapy. Enterococcus hirae compensated cancer-associated dysbiosis in various tumor models. However, the mechanisms by which E. hirae restored the efficacy of cyclophosphamide administered with concomitant antibiotics remain ill defined. Here, we analyzed the multifaceted modes of action of this anticancer probiotic. Firstly, E. hirae elicited emigration of thymocytes and triggered systemic and intratumoral IFN gamma-producing and CD137-expressing effector memory T cell responses. Secondly, E. hirae activated the autophagy machinery in enterocytes and mediated ATG4B-dependent anticancer effects, likely as a consequence of its ability to increase local delivery of polyamines. Thirdly, E. hirae shifted the host microbiome toward a Bifidobacteria-enriched ecosystem. In contrast to the live bacterium, its pasteurized cells or membrane vesicles were devoid of anticancer properties. These pleiotropic functions allow the design of optimal immunotherapies combining E. hirae with CD137 agonistic antibodies, spermidine, or Bifidobacterium animalis. We surmise that immunological, metabolic, epithelial, and microbial modes of action of the live E. hirae cooperate to circumvent primary resistance to therapy.
Published: 2021

14. Topological surface wave metamaterials for robust vibration attenuation and energy harvesting

Author: Abdelkrim Khelif, Bahram Djafari-Rouhani, Xinyue Wu, Yabin Jin, Timon Rabczuk, Xiaoying Zhuang, Tongji University, Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Bauhaus-Universität Weimar, Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Physique - IEMN (PHYSIQUE - IEMN), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11902223), the Shanghai Pujiang Program (19PJ1410100), the program for professor of special appointment (Eastern Scholar) at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, high-level of foreign expert program of Tongji University and Shanghai municipal peak discipline program (2019010106). This work is also partially supported by the French EIPHI Graduate School (contract 'ANR-17-EURE-0002')., ANR-17-EURE-0002,EIPHI,Ingénierie et Innovation par les sciences physiques, les savoir-faire technologiques et l'interdisciplinarité(2017), and Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA)
Subjects: energy harvesting, General Mathematics, robustness, Topology, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Surface wave metamaterial, Hertz, Honeycomb, General Materials Science, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Quantum, Civil and Structural Engineering, Physics, [SPI.ACOU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], topological insulator, Mechanical Engineering, Metamaterial, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Physics::Classical Physics, Lattice (module), vibration attenuation, Mechanics of Materials, Surface wave, Topological insulator, Energy harvesting
Abstract: International audience; We propose topological metamaterials working in Hertz frequency range, constituted of concrete pillars on the soil ground in a honeycomb lattice. Based on the analog of the quantum valley Hall effect, a non-trivial bandgap is formed by breaking the inversion symmetry of the unit cell. A topological interface is created between two different crystal phases whose robustness against various defects and disorders is quantitatively analyzed. Finally, we take advantage of the robust and compact topological edge state for designing a harvesting energy device. The results demonstrate the functionality of the proposed structure for both robust surface vibration reduction and energy harvesting. © 2021 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
Published: 2021

15. Experimental realization of a pillared metasurface for flexural wave focusing

Author: Julio Iglesias, Abdelkrim Khelif, Wan Wang, Yabin Jin, Bahram Djafari-Rouhani, Tongji University (TGU), Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11902223), the Shanghai Pujiang Program (Grant No. 19PJ1410100), the program for professor of special appointment (Eastern Scholar) at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, and the High-Level Foreign expert Program., EIPHI ANR-17-EURE-0002, ANR-17-EURE-0002,EIPHI,Ingénierie et Innovation par les sciences physiques, les savoir-faire technologiques et l'interdisciplinarité(2017), Tongji University, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Physique - IEMN (PHYSIQUE - IEMN), and Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA)
Subjects: Diffraction, Materials science, Fabrication, QC1-999, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Interference (wave propagation), 01 natural sciences, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Optics, Robustness (computer science), 0103 physical sciences, Phase response, Focal length, General Materials Science, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, 010302 applied physics, [SPI.ACOU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], business.industry, Physics, General Engineering, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Transverse plane, Full width at half maximum, 0210 nano-technology, business, TP248.13-248.65, Biotechnology
Abstract: International audience; A metasurface is an array of subwavelength units with modulated wave responses that show great potential for the control of refractive/reflective properties in compact functional devices. In this work, we propose an elastic metasurface consisting of a line of pillars with gradient heights, erected on a homogeneous plate. The change in the resonant frequencies associated with the height gradient allows us to achieve transmitted phase response covering a range of 2π, while the amplitude response remains at a relatively high level. We employ the pillared units to design a focusing metasurface and compare the properties of the focal spots through simulation and experiment. The subwavelength transverse and lateral full width at half maximum of the focusing intensity profiles are observed in both simulation and experiment, with the underlying mechanism being the interference and diffraction of the scattered waves from the resonant pillars as well as the boundaries (especially for experiment). The good correspondence between the experimental and simulated relative focal lengths shows the robustness of the focusing pillared metasurfaces with respect to fabrication imperfections. This proposed compact, simple, and robust metasurface with unaffected mechanical properties provides a new platform for elastic wave manipulation for energy harvesting, wave communication, sensing, and non-destructive testing among others.
Published: 2021

16. Metabolic and psychiatric effects of acyl coenzyme A binding protein (ACBP)/diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI)

Author: Frank Bellivier, Christine Passerieux, Julien Dubreucq, Isabelle Martins, Antoine Lafarge, Pierre-Michel Llorca, Delphine Capdevielle, Ludovic Samalin, Caroline Dubertret, Franck Oury, Valentina Sica, Stéphanie Moriceau, Fabrice Berna, Raymond Schwan, Guido Kroemer, Face-Sz, Christophe Magnan, Sébastien Gard, José Manuel Bravo-San Pedro, Marion Leboyer, Paul Roux, Bruno Etain, Emilie Olié, Jasmina Mallet, David Misdrahi, Raoul Belzeaux, Maria Chiara Maiuri, Adrien Joseph, Jonathan Pol, Philippe Courtet, Guillaume Fond, Franck Schürhoff, D' Amato Thierry, Joséphine Loftus, Gerasimos Anagnostopoulos, Mircea Polosan, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM - UM 111 (UMR 8253 / U1151)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Fondation FondaMental [Créteil], Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), CHU Henri Mondor, Centre Hospitalier Princesse Grace de Monaco (CHPG), Monaco, Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neuropsychologie Cognitive et Physiopathologie de la Schizophrénie (NCPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Civil de Strasbourg-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Neuropsychiatrie : recherche épidémiologique et clinique (PSNREC), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital Lapeyronie [Montpellier] (CHU), Institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences de Paris (IPNP - U1266 Inserm), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Centre d'études et de recherche sur les services de santé et la qualité de vie (CEReSS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Hôpital Charles Perrens, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, [GIN] Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (GIN), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre Psychothérapique de Nancy (CPN), Imagerie Adaptative Diagnostique et Interventionnelle (IADI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA (UMR_8251 / U1133)), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Service de Biologie [Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, APHP], Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Karolinska University Hospital [Stockholm], Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer, ARC ANR-18-IDEX-0001 Ligue Contre le Cancer Chancellerie des UniversitÃ©s de Paris Fondation pour la Recherche MÃ©dicale, FRM Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR: UMS3655 Institut National Du Cancer, INCa Institut Universitaire de France, IUF Fondation Leducq Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer, ARC GDW20171100085, The authors thank Maxime Perez for establishing contacts among dispersed investigators. The authors thank the CRC Core Facilities for the technical support. G.K. is supported by the Ligue contre le Cancer (équipe labellisée), Agence National de la Recherche (ANR)—Projets blancs, ANR under the frame of E-Rare-2, the ERA-Net for Research on Rare Diseases, AMMICa US23/CNRS UMS3655, Association pour la recherche sur le cancer (ARC), Association 'Le Cancer du Sein, Parlons-en!', Cancéropôle Ile-de-France, Chancelerie des universités de Paris (Legs Poix), Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM), a donation by Elior, European Research Area Network on Cardiovascular Diseases (ERA-CVD, MINOTAUR), Gustave Roussy Odyssea, the European Union Horizon 2020 Project Oncobiome, Fondation Carrefour, High-end Foreign Expert Program in China (GDW20171100085), Institut National du Cancer (INCa), Inserm (HTE), Institut Universitaire de France, LeDucq Foundation, the LabEx Immuno-Oncology (ANR-18-IDEX-0001), the RHU Torino Lumière, the Seerave Foundation, the SIRIC Stratified Oncology Cell DNA Repair and Tumor Immune Elimination (SOCRATE), and the SIRIC Cancer Research and Personalized Medicine (CARPEM). J.M.B-S.P. is supported by a Ramon y Cajal contract funded by the Spanish Government., ANR-18-IDEX-0001,Université de Paris,Université de Paris(2018), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Civil de Strasbourg, Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Joseph, A., Moriceau, S., Sica, V., Anagnostopoulos, G., Pol, J., Martins, I., Lafarge, A., Maiuri, M. C., Leboyer, M., Loftus, J., Bellivier, F., Belzeaux, R., Berna, F., Etain, B., Capdevielle, D., Courtet, P., Dubertret, C., Dubreucq, J., Thierry, D. A., Fond, G., Gard, S., Llorca, P. -M., Mallet, J., Misdrahi, D., Olie, E., Passerieux, C., Polosan, M., Roux, P., Samalin, L., Schurhoff, F., Schwan, R., Magnan, C., Oury, F., Bravo-San Pedro, J. M., Kroemer, G., Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPC), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), CHU Henri Mondor [Créteil], Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre hospitalier Charles Perrens [Bordeaux], and Centre Psychothérapique de Nancy [Laxou] (CPN)
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Immunology, Appetite, Article, Body Mass Index, Immobilization, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Orexigenic, medicine, Extracellular, Animals, lcsh:QH573-671, Psychiatry, Receptor, Swimming, Diazepam Binding Inhibitor, Metabolic Syndrome, 2. Zero hunger, Behavior, Animal, biology, lcsh:Cytology, Chemistry, Mental Disorders, Binding protein, Endocrine system and metabolic diseases, Feeding Behavior, Cell Biology, Darkness, Receptors, GABA-A, 3. Good health, Mice, Inbred C57BL, 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.SP.PHARMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Pharmacology, biology.protein, Antibody, Psychiatric disorders, Diazepam binding inhibitor, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Intracellular, Behavioural despair test, medicine.drug
Abstract: Acyl coenzyme A binding protein (ACBP), also known as diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI) is a multifunctional protein with an intracellular action (as ACBP), as well as with an extracellular role (as DBI). The plasma levels of soluble ACBP/DBI are elevated in human obesity and reduced in anorexia nervosa. Accumulating evidence indicates that genetic or antibody-mediated neutralization of ACBP/DBI has anorexigenic effects, thus inhibiting food intake and inducing lipo-catabolic reactions in mice. A number of anorexiants have been withdrawn from clinical development because of their side effects including an increase in depression and suicide. For this reason, we investigated the psychiatric impact of ACBP/DBI in mouse models and patient cohorts. Intravenously (i.v.) injected ACBP/DBI protein conserved its orexigenic function when the protein was mutated to abolish acyl coenzyme A binding, but lost its appetite-stimulatory effect in mice bearing a mutation in the γ2 subunit of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor (GABAAR). ACBP/DBI neutralization by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of a specific mAb blunted excessive food intake in starved and leptin-deficient mice, but not in ghrelin-treated animals. Neither i.v. nor i.p. injected anti-ACBP/DBI antibody affected the behavior of mice in the dark–light box and open-field test. In contrast, ACBP/DBI increased immobility in the forced swim test, while anti-ACBP/DBI antibody counteracted this sign of depression. In patients diagnosed with therapy-resistant bipolar disorder or schizophrenia, ACBP/DBI similarly correlated with body mass index (BMI), not with the psychiatric diagnosis. Patients with high levels of ACBP/DBI were at risk of dyslipidemia and this effect was independent from BMI, as indicated by multivariate analysis. In summary, it appears that ACBP/DBI neutralization has no negative impact on mood and that human depression is not associated with alterations in ACBP/DBI concentrations.
Published: 2020

17. Coronavirus infections: Epidemiological, clinical and immunological features and hypotheses

Author: Franco Locatelli, Didier Raoult, Guido Kroemer, Alimuddin Zumla, Giuseppe Ippolito, Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections (MEPHI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), University College of London [London] (UCL), University College London Hospitals (UCLH), IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù [Roma], National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'Lazzaro Spallanzani', Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Paris (UP), Plateforme de métabolomique, Direction de la recherche [Gustave Roussy], Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Cell Biology Platform [Villejuif], Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Pôle de Biologie [Paris], Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences [Suzhou, Chine] (CAMS), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Didier Roult is supported by the French Government under the « Investissements d’avenir » (Investments for the Future) program managed by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR, fr: National Agency for Research), (reference: Méditerranée Infection 10-IAHU-03). Alimuddin Zumla and Giuseppe Ippolito are co-principal investigators of the Pan-African Network on Emerging and Re-emerging Infections (PANDORA-ID-NET), funded by the European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership, supported under Horizon 2020. Sir Zumla is in receipt of a National Institutes of Health Research senior investigator award. Giuseppe Ippolito is supported by the Italian Ministry of Health (Ricerca Corrente Linea 1. GK is supported by the Ligue contre le Cancer (équipe labellisée), Agence National de la Recherche (ANR) – Projets blancs, ANR under the frame of E-Rare-2, the ERA-Net for Research on Rare Diseases, AMMICa US23/CNRS UMS3655, Association pour la recherche sur le cancer (ARC), Association 'Le Cancer du Sein, Parlons-en!', Cancéropôle Ile-de-France, Chancelerie des universités de Paris (Legs Poix), Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM), a donation by Elior, European Research Area Network on Cardiovascular Diseases (ERA-CVD, MINOTAUR), Gustave Roussy Odyssea, the European Union Horizon 2020 Project Oncobiome, Fondation Carrefour, High-end Foreign Expert Program in China (GDW20171100085), Institut National du Cancer (INCa), Inserm (HTE), Institut Universitaire de France, LeDucq Foundation, the LabEx Immuno-Oncology (ANR-18-IDEX-0001), the RHU Torino Lumière, the Seerave Foundation, the SIRIC Stratified Oncology Cell DNA Repair and Tumor Immune Elimination (SOCRATE), and the SIRIC Cancer Research and Personalized Medicine (CARPEM)., ANR-10-IAHU-0003,Méditerranée Infection,I.H.U. Méditerranée Infection(2010), Bodescot, Myriam, Instituts Hospitalo-Universitaires - I.H.U. Méditerranée Infection - - Méditerranée Infection2010 - ANR-10-IAHU-0003 - IAHU - VALID, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)
Subjects: Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Physiology, viruses, lcsh:Medicine, medicine.disease_cause, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous), Virus, immunology, 03 medical and health sciences, MERS-CoV, 0302 clinical medicine, Epidemiology, Pandemic, medicine, sARS-CoV-2, 030212 general & internal medicine, Intensive care medicine, lcsh:QH301-705.5, 030304 developmental biology, Coronavirus, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Respiratory tract infections, business.industry, Public health, lcsh:R, Outbreak, virus diseases, COVID-19, SARS-CoV, 3. Good health, coronavirus, epidemiology, SARS-CoV-2, Editorial, lcsh:Biology (General), Settore MED/38 - PEDIATRIA GENERALE E SPECIALISTICA, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Preparedness, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Molecular Medicine, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business
Abstract: International audience; Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a large family of enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses. Four human CoVs (HCoVs), the non-severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like HCoVs (namely HCoV 229E, NL63, OC43, and HKU1), are globally endemic and account for a substantial fraction of upper respiratory tract infections. Non-SARS-like CoV can occasionally produce severe diseases in frail subjects but do not cause any major (fatal) epidemics. In contrast, SARS like CoVs (namely SARS-CoV and Middle-East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, MERS-CoV) can cause intense short-lived fatal outbreaks. The current epidemic caused by the highly contagious SARS-CoV-2 and its rapid spread globally is of major concern. There is scanty knowledge on the actual pandemic potential of this new SARS-like virus. It might be speculated that SARS-CoV-2 epidemic is grossly underdiagnosed and that the infection is silently spreading across the globe with two consequences: (i) clusters of severe infections among frail subjects could haphazardly occur linked to unrecognized index cases; (ii) the current epidemic could naturally fall into a low-level endemic phase when a significant number of subjects will have developed immunity. Understanding the role of paucisymptomatic subjects and stratifying patients according to the risk of developing severe clinical presentations is pivotal for implementing reasonable measures to contain the infection and to reduce its mortality. Whilst the future evolution of this epidemic remains unpredictable, classic public health strategies must follow rational patterns. The emergence of yet another global epidemic underscores the permanent challenges that infectious diseases pose and underscores the need for global cooperation and preparedness, even during inter-epidemic periods.
Published: 2020

18. Removal of microplastics from the environment. A review

Author: Eric Lichtfouse, Chuanyi Wang, Mohsen Padervand, Didier Robert, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SAFEA of China (High-End Foreign Expert Project)G20190241013scientific research startup fund of Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Lichtfouse, Eric, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Pollution, Microplastics, Environmental remediation, media_common.quotation_subject, water, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, soil, Food chain, Polybrominated diphenyl ethers, remediation, Environmental Chemistry, Ecotoxicology, Organism, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, toxicity, Contamination, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 6. Clean water, [CHIM.OTHE] Chemical Sciences/Other, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Environmental science, [SDE.IE] Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, 0210 nano-technology, [CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other, microplastic, environment
Abstract: International audience; The production of fossil fuel-derived, synthetic plastics is continually increasing, while poor plastic waste management has recently induced severe pollution issues. Microplastics are plastic particles smaller than 5 mm. Microplastics are ubiquitous and slowly-degrading contaminants in waters and soils. Microplastics have long residence time, high stability, high potential of being fragmented and can adsorb other contaminants. Many aquatic species contain microplastics, which are in particular easily accumulated by planktonic and invertebrate organisms. Then, microplastics are transferred along food chains, leading to physical damages, decrease in nutritional diet value and exposure of the living organism to pathogens. Raw plastics contain chemical additives such as phthalates, bisphenol A and polybrominated diphenyl ethers that may induce toxic effects after ingestion by living organisms. Furthermore, the adsorption capability of microplastics makes them prone to carry several contaminants. Methods to remove microplastics from water and other media are actually needed. Here, we review microplastics occurrence, transport, raw polymers and additives, toxicity and methods of removal. Removal methods include physical sorption and filtration, biological removal and ingestion, and chemical treatments. Mechanisms, efficiency, advantages, and drawbacks of various removal methods are discussed.
Published: 2020

19. A perspective on elastic metastructures for energy harvesting

Author: Zhihui Wen, Wan Wang, Abdelkrim Khelif, Bahram Djafari-Rouhani, Yabin Jin, Tongji University, School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Physique - IEMN (PHYSIQUE - IEMN), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), and This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2020YFA0211402), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11902223), the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (Grant No. 21JC1405600), the program for professor of special appointment (Eastern Scholar) at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, and High-Level of Foreign Expert Program of Tongji University.
Subjects: [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)
Abstract: International audience; Rapid advances have been made in the properties of metastructures, including phononic crystals, metamaterials, and metasurfaces, with respect to their robustness, high power density, and broadband behavior. This presents unique advantages for energy harvesting devices to meet the demands for technology upgrades in various applied science and engineering applications such as wireless sensors, MEMS, and wearable devices. We provide a systematic overview of the mechanisms underlying the above properties, considering different configurations of wave localization in elastic metastructures for energy harvesting purposes. The energy localization can result from cavity modes, topologically protected edge/cavity modes, chiral edge mode, focusing effects, among others. Finally, we give the prospects of energy harvesting metastructures such as the introduction of nonlinear design, time-modulation, machine learning inverse design, and nonlocal effects.
Published: 2022

20. Propagation and attenuation of Rayleigh and pseudo surface waves in viscoelastic metamaterials

Author: Xiaoying Zhuang, Yabin Jin, Runcheng Cai, Timon Rabczuk, Bahram Djafari-Rouhani, Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Physique - IEMN (PHYSIQUE - IEMN), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), 19PJ1410100, National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC: 11902223, and This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11902223), the National Ten-Thousand Young Talent Programme, the Shanghai Pujiang Program (No. 19PJ1410100), the program for professor of special appointment (Eastern Scholar) at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, the High-Level Foreign Expert Program of Tongji University, and the Shanghai municipal peak discipline program (No. 2019010106).
Subjects: Surface (mathematics), Acoustics, Theoretical approach, Physics::Optics, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Viscoelasticity, symbols.namesake, 0103 physical sciences, Rayleigh wave, Rayleigh scattering, Complex band structures, Electronic band structure, Seismology, Research interests, [PHYS]Physics [physics], 010302 applied physics, Physics, Viscoelastic effects, Attenuation, Metamaterial, Soft coating, Band structure, Elastic surfaces, Surface waves, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Propagation properties, Surface wave, Metamaterials, symbols, Transmission spectrums, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; The development of seismic metamaterials has attracted much research interest in the past decade. Efforts have been made by using experimental and theoretical approaches to isolate buildings and structures susceptible to elastic surface wave damage. However, most seismic metamaterials were designed without considering the viscoelastic effect that widely exists in nature. In this work, we investigate the propagation and attenuation of the Rayleigh and pseudo surface waves (PSWs) in two types of viscoelastic seismic metamaterials, namely, pillared and inclusion-embedded metamaterials, by analyzing the complex band structures and transmission spectra. The complex band structure developed in this work reveals for the first time the existence of PSWs and their propagation properties in inclusion-embedded metamaterials at the surface. These PSW modes are hidden in the traditional ω(k) technique, therefore showing the usefulness of the complex band structure approach. Introducing viscosity to the substrate of both types of seismic metamaterials will enhance the attenuation of both the Rayleigh wave and PSW. For inclusion-embedded metamaterials, the viscoelastic effect in the soft coating layer can have a specific influence only on the PSW. PSWs show advantages to minimize the relative attenuating effect in general. The results in this work will open up great possibilities for designing and optimizing seismic metamaterials in practice.
Published: 2021

21. Topological states in twisted pillared phononic plates

Author: Daniel Torrent, Zhihui Wen, Wan Wang, Bahram Djafari-Rouhani, Yabin Jin, School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, GROC, UJI, Institut de Noves Tecnologies de la Imatge, Universitat Jaume I, Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Physique-IEMN (PHYSIQUE-IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Institut de Noves Tecnologies de la Imatge (INIT), Universitat Jaume I, Physique - IEMN (PHYSIQUE - IEMN), 11902223, National Natural Science Foundation of China, 19PJ1410100, Shanghai Pujiang Program, China, Central Universities and the High-Level Foreign Expert Program, China, RYC-2016-21188, Ministry of Science and Technology of P.R.China., and Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, Spain
Subjects: Topological insulator, Physics, Fabrication, Band gap, Mechanical Engineering, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, Phononic plate, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Topology, 01 natural sciences, Displacement ratio, 0104 chemical sciences, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Zigzag, Mechanics of Materials, Robustness (computer science), Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous), Edge states, Robustness, 0210 nano-technology, Valley Chern number, Engineering (miscellaneous)
Abstract: In recent years, the advances in topological insulator in the fields of condensed matter have been extended to classical wave systems such as acoustic and elastic waves. However, the quantitative robustness study of topological states which is indispensable in practical realization is rarely reported. In this work, we proposed topologically protected edge states with zigzag, bridge and armchair interfaces in a new twisted phononic plate. The robustness of non-trivial band gap in bulk structure is clearly presented versus twisted angles, revealing a threshold of 5 degrees which is the key fundamental information for the robustness of topological edge states. We further defined a localized displacement ratio as an efficient parameter to characterize edge states. Due to the different orientation of the three interfaces, zigzag and bridge edge states show higher quantitative robustness in their localized displacement ratio. A map of robustness as a function of both frequency and twisted angle highlights the better performance of the topological zigzag edge state. Robustness is evaluated for twisted angle and for all possible types of interfaces for the first time, which benefits for the design and fabrication of solid functional devices with great potential applications.
Published: 2020

22. Graphite in 90 T: Evidence for Strong-coupling Excitonic Pairing

Author: Zengwei Zhu, Pan Nie, Benoît Fauqué, Baptiste Vignolle, Cyril Proust, Ross D. McDonald, Neil Harrison, Kamran Behnia, Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology [Wuhan] (HUST), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Jeunes Équipes de l'Institut de Physique du Collège de France (JEIPCdF), Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire national des champs magnétiques intenses - Toulouse (LNCMI-T), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux (UMR 8213) (LPEM), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), We acknowledge useful discussions with Ryuichi Shindou. This work in China was supported by the National Science Foundation of China (Grants No. 11574097 and No. 1861135104), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFA0401704). Z. Z. was also supported by the 1000 Youth Talents Plan in China and the directors funding Grant No. 20120772 at LANL. N. H. and R. D. M. acknowledge support from the U.S. DOE BES 'Science of 100T' program. The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory-PFF facility is funded by the National Science Foundation Cooperative Agreements No. DMR-1157490 and No. DMR-1644779, the State of Florida, and the U.S. Department of Energy. In France, this work was part of QUANTUM LIMIT projects funded by Agence Nationale de la Recherche. B. F. acknowledges support from Jeunes Equipes de l’Institut de Physique du Collège de France (JEIP). K. B. was supported by China High-end foreign expert program, 111 Program, and Fonds-ESPCI-Paris. We acknowledge support from the LNCMI, a member of the European Magnetic Field Laboratory (EMFL). We acknowledge the supports from our engineering teams in the three pulsed field facilities., Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, Phase transition, Zeeman effect, Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el), Condensed matter physics, Magnetoresistance, Quantum limit, Cyclotron, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Magnetic field, law.invention, [PHYS.COND.CM-S]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Superconductivity [cond-mat.supr-con], symbols.namesake, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, law, Magnet, Pairing, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, 010306 general physics
Abstract: Strong magnetic field induces at least two phase transitions in graphite beyond the quantum limit where many-body effects are expected. We report on a study using a state-of-the-art non-destructive magnet allowing to attain 90.5 T at 1.4 K, which reveals a new field-induced phase and evidence that the insulating state destroyed at 75 T is an excitonic condensate of electron-hole pairs. By monitoring the angle dependence of in-plane and out-of-plane magnetoresistance, we distinguish between the role of cyclotron and Zeeman energies in driving various phase transitions. We find that, with the notable exception of the transition field separating the two insulating states, the threshold magnetic field for all other transitions display an exact cosine angular dependence. Remarkably, the threshold field for the destruction of the second insulator (phase B) is temperature-independent with no detectable Landau-level crossing nearby. We conclude that the field-induced insulator starts as a weak-coupling spin-density-wave, but ends as a strong-coupling excitonic insulator of spin-polarized electron-hole pairs., Main text: 6 pages, 4 figures. Supplemental Materials included
Published: 2018

23. Innovation in Higher Education: specificity of the microelectronics field

Author: Olivier Bonnaud, Laurent Fesquet, Institut d'Electronique et de Télécommunications de Rennes (IETR), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Techniques of Informatics and Microelectronics for integrated systems Architecture (TIMA), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), French Higher Education Ministry, IDEFI-FINMINA program [ANR-11IDFI-0017], IRT, '1000 Talents' Foreign Expert program of the Chinese Government, ANR: 11-IDFI-0017,FINMINA,Réseau national pour les Formations INnovantes en MIcro et Nanoélectronique(2011), Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Techniques de l'Informatique et de la Microélectronique pour l'Architecture des systèmes intégrés (TIMA), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), ANR-11-IDFI-0017,FINMINA,Réseau national pour les Formations INnovantes en MIcro et Nanoélectronique(2011), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Higher education, Computer science, business.industry, Emerging technologies, 4. Education, [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, Electrical engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Field (computer science), Engineering management, Order (exchange), Multidisciplinary approach, 0103 physical sciences, Key (cryptography), Microelectronics, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Educational systems
Abstract: International audience; The expected development of connected objects appears as a key factor of the future worldwide economy. The field of microelectronics is primarily concerned by this evolution because the connected objects involve the microelectronics industry and related research. In addition, the spectrum of the application domains can be very wide and the multidisciplinary approach appears mandatory. In parallel, the evolution of the microelectronics towards a larger integration implies new designs, and new technologies that must be assimilated by the students. The main challenge, today, is to give to these students and future engineers, the methodology and the know-how that can insure an innovative approach, by changing the educational structures and the behavior of the professorial body, while in the same time, the education systems want to massively introduce numerical tools. As a result, the introduction of new practices and laboratory works becomes increasingly useful, more especially in microelectronics. Indeed, this is a way to give to the students the knowledge and the know-how with an innovative behavior. However, the practice on microelectronic platforms is very expensive and the sharing of this equipment between several institutions is necessary. The French national network, CNFM (National Coordination for Education in Microelectronics and nanotechnologies), which pilots the 12 national platforms, tries to answer to these needs and has set-up a policy deliberately focused on innovative practices on dedicated platforms. Several suggestions are given in order to improve the educational system and create a model which could be duplicated in many other countries.
Published: 2016

24. Sex at the origin: an Asian population of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae reproduces sexually

Author: Saleh, Dounia, Xu, Peng, Shen, Ying, Li, Chenguyn, Adreit, Henri, Milazzo, Joelle, Ravigné, Virginie, Bazin, Eric, Notteghem, Jean-Loup, Fournier, Elisabeth, Tharreau, Didier, Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plante-Parasite (UMR BGPI), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Food Crops Res Inst, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (YAAS), China Natl Rice Res Inst, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), CIRAD, INRA, ANR [ANR 07-BDIV-003], Yunnan State Administration of Foreign Expert Affairs [20085300070, S20095300001], Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Fertilité, sexual reproduction, Oryza sativa, yeast, Génétique des populations, protection des plantes, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, mating type, levure, pathologie végétale, reproduction sexuée, H20 - Maladies des plantes, Comportement sexuel, rice, food and beverages, population genetics, Magnaporthe oryzae, recombination, Recombinaison, Magnaporthe, oryza, Cycle de développement, female fertility, crop protection
Abstract: Bgpi : équipe 5; Sexual reproduction may be cryptic or facultative in fungi and therefore difficult to detect. Magnaporthe oryzae, which causes blast, the most damaging fungal disease of rice, is thought to originate from southeast Asia. It reproduces asexually in all rice-growing regions. Sexual reproduction has been suspected in limited areas of southeast Asia, but has never been demonstrated in contemporary populations. We characterized several M. oryzae populations worldwide both biologically and genetically, to identify candidate populations for sexual reproduction. The sexual cycle of M. oryzae requires two strains of opposite mating types, at least one of which is female-fertile, to come into contact. In one Chinese population, the two mating types were found to be present at similar frequencies and almost all strains were female-fertile. Compatible strains from this population completed the sexual cycle in vitro and produced viable progenies. Genotypic richness and linkage disequilibrium data also supported the existence of sexual reproduction in this population. We resampled this population the following year, and the data obtained confirmed the presence of all the biological and genetic characteristics of sexual reproduction. In particular, a considerable genetic reshuffling of alleles was observed between the 2 years. Computer simulations confirmed that the observed genetic characteristics were unlikely to have arisen in the absence of recombination. We therefore concluded that a contemporary population of M. oryzae, pathogenic on rice, reproduces sexually in natura in southeast Asia. Our findings provide evidence for the loss of sexual reproduction by a fungal plant pathogen outside its centre of origin.
Published: 2012

25. Veratramine inhibits porcine epidemic diarrhea virus entry through macropinocytosis by suppressing PI3K/Akt pathway.

Author: Chen H, Zhao P, Zhang C, Ming X, Zhang C, Jung YS, and Qian Y
Subjects: Animals, Chlorocebus aethiops, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt metabolism, Swine, Vero Cells, Coronavirus Infections drug therapy, Coronavirus Infections veterinary, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases metabolism, Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus drug effects, Swine Diseases drug therapy, Veratrum Alkaloids metabolism, Veratrum Alkaloids pharmacology, Virus Internalization drug effects
Abstract: Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a contagious intestinal disease caused by α-coronavirus porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). At present, no effective vaccine is available to prevent the disease. Therefore, research for novel antivirals is important. This study aimed to identify the antiviral mechanism of Veratramine (VAM), which actively inhibits PEDV replication with a 50 % inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of ∼5 µM. Upon VAM treatment, both PEDV-nucleocapsid (N) protein level and virus titer decreased significantly. The time-of-addition assay results showed that VAM could inhibit PEDV replication by blocking viral entry. Importantly, VAM could inhibit PEDV-induced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) activity and further suppress micropinocytosis, which is required for PEDV entry. In addition, PI3K inhibitor LY294002 showed anti-PEDV activity by blocking viral entry as well. Taken together, VAM possessed anti-PEDV properties against the entry stage of PEDV by inhibiting the macropinocytosis pathway by suppressing the PI3K/Akt pathway. VAM could be considered as a lead compound for the development of anti-PEDV drugs and may be used during the viral entry stage of PEDV infection., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

26. HDAC-Specific Inhibitors Induce the Release of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus via the COPII-Coated Vesicles.

Author: Yang Y, Chen H, Zhang C, Shin HJ, Qian Y, and Jung YS
Abstract: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is an alpha-coronavirus causing acute diarrhea and high mortality in neonatal suckling piglets, resulting in huge economic losses for the global swine industry. The replication, assembly and cell egression of PEDV, an enveloped RNA virus, are mediated via altered intracellular trafficking. The underlying mechanisms of PEDV secretion are poorly understood. In this study, we found that the histone deacetylase (HDAC)-specific inhibitors, trichostatin A (TSA) and sodium butyrate (NaB), facilitate the secretion of infectious PEDV particles without interfering with its assembly. We found that PEDV N protein and its replicative intermediate dsRNA colocalize with coat protein complex II (COPII)-coated vesicles. We also showed that the colocalization of PEDV and COPII is enhanced by the HDAC-specific inhibitors. In addition, ultrastructural analysis revealed that the HDAC-specific inhibitors promote COPII-coated vesicles carrying PEDV virions and the secretion of COPII-coated vesicles. Consistently, HDAC-specific inhibitors-induced PEDV particle secretion was abolished by Sec24B knockdown, implying that the HDAC-specific inhibitors-mediated COPII-coated vesicles are required for PEDV secretion. Taken together, our findings provide initial evidence suggesting that PEDV virions can assemble in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and bud off from the ER in the COPII-coated vesicles. HDAC-specific inhibitors promote PEDV release by hijacking the COPII-coated vesicles.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

27. Bis-Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloids Inhibit Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus by Disrupting Virus Entry.

Author: Zhang C, Chen H, Sun L, Zhao P, Qi C, Yang Y, Si A, Qian Y, and Jung YS
Abstract: The porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), belonging to the α-coronavirus, is the causative agent of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED). Presently, protection from the existing PEDV vaccine is not effective. Therefore, anti-PEDV compounds should be studied. Berbamine (BBM), Fangchinoline (FAN), and (+)-Fangchinoline (+FAN), are types of bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloids that are extracted from natural medicinal plants. These bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloids have various biological activities, including antiviral, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we found that BBM, FAN, and +FAN suppressed PEDV activity with a 50% inhibitory concentration of 9.00 µM, 3.54 µM, and 4.68 µM, respectively. Furthermore, these alkaloids can decrease the PEDV-N protein levels and virus titers in vitro. The time-of-addition assay results showed that these alkaloids mainly inhibit PEDV entry. We also found that the inhibitory effects of BBM, FAN, and +FAN on PEDV rely on decreasing the activity of Cathepsin L (CTSL) and Cathepsin B (CTSB) by suppressing lysosome acidification. Taken together, these results indicated that BBM, FAN, and +FAN were effective anti-PEDV natural products that prevented PEDV entry and may be considered novel antiviral drugs.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

28. Pirh2 restricts influenza A virus replication by modulating short-chain ubiquitination of its nucleoprotein.

Author: Chen H, Gao X, Zhao S, Bao C, Ming X, Qian Y, Zhou Y, and Jung YS
Subjects: Arginine metabolism, Host Microbial Interactions, Humans, Influenza, Human virology, Lysine metabolism, RNA, Viral metabolism, Ubiquitination, Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype genetics, Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype physiology, Ribonucleoproteins metabolism, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases metabolism, Virus Replication
Abstract: Influenza A viruses (IAVs) rely on viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) complexes to control transcription and replication. Each vRNP consists of one viral genomic RNA segment associated with multiple nucleoproteins (NP) and a trimeric IAV RNA polymerase complex. Previous studies showed that post-translational modifications of vRNP components, such as NP, by host factors would in turn affect the IAV life cycle or modulate host anti-viral response. In this study, we found host E3 ubiquitin ligase Pirh2 interacted with NP and mediated short-chain ubiquitination of NP at lysine 351, which suppressed NP-PB2 interaction and vRNP formation. In addition, we showed that knockdown of Pirh2 promoted IAV replication, whereas overexpression of Pirh2 inhibited IAV replication. However, Pirh2-ΔRING lacking E3 ligase activity failed to inhibit IAV infection. Moreover, we showed that Pirh2 had no effect on the replication of a rescued virus, WSN-K351R, carrying lysine-to-arginine substitution at residue 351. Interestingly, by analyzing human and avian IAVs from 2011 to 2020 in influenza research databases, we found that 99.18% of 26 977 human IAVs encode lysine, but 95.3% of 9956 avian IAVs encode arginine at residue 351 of NP protein. Consistently, knockdown of Pirh2 failed to promote propagation of two avian-like influenza viruses, H9N2-W1 and H9N2-C1, which naturally encode arginine at residue 351 of NP. Taken together, we demonstrated that Pirh2 is a host factor restricting IAV infection by modulating short-chain ubiquitination of NP. Meanwhile, it is noteworthy that residue 351 of NP targeted by Pirh2 may associate with the evasion of human anti-viral response against avian-like influenza viruses., (© 2022 Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.)
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

29. Structural insight into African swine fever virus I73R protein reveals it as a Z-DNA binding protein.

Author: Sun L, Miao Y, Wang Z, Chen H, Dong P, Zhang H, Wu L, Jiang M, Chen L, Yang W, Lin P, Jing D, Luo Z, Zhang Y, Jung YS, Wu X, Qian Y, and Wu Y
Subjects: Animals, Antiviral Agents pharmacology, DNA, DNA-Binding Proteins chemistry, DNA-Binding Proteins genetics, DNA-Binding Proteins metabolism, Swine, African Swine Fever, African Swine Fever Virus genetics, DNA, Z-Form, Swine Diseases
Abstract: African Swine Fever (ASF) is a highly contagious viral haemorrhagic disease of swine, leading to enormous economic losses in the swine industry. However, vaccines and drugs to treat ASF have yet to be developed. African swine fever virus (ASFV) encodes more than 150 proteins, but 50% of them have unknown functions. Here, we present the crystal structure of the ASFV I73R protein at a resolution of 2.0 Å. Similar search tools based solely on amino acid sequence shows that it has no relationships to any proteins of known function. Interestingly, the overall structure of the I73R protein shares a winged helix-turn-helix fold, structural similarity with the Z-DNA binding domain (Zα). In accordance with this result, the I73R is capable of binding to a CpG repeats DNA duplex, which has a high propensity for forming Z-DNA during the DNA binding assays. In addition, the I73R protein was shown to be expressed at both early and late stages of ASFV post-infection in PAM cells as an 8.9 kDa protein. Immunofluorescence studies revealed that the I73R protein is expressed in the nucleus at early times post-infection and gradually translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Taken together, these data indicate that the I73R could be a member of Zα family that is important in host-pathogen interaction, which paves the way for the design of inhibitors to target this severe pathogen. Further exploring the biological role of I73R during ASFV infection in vitro and in vivo will provide new clues for development of new antiviral strategies., (© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

30. Porcine Enteric Coronavirus PEDV Induces the ROS-ATM and Caspase7-CAD-γH2AX Signaling Pathways to Foster Its Replication.

Author: Ming X, Chen H, Yang Y, Zhao P, Sun L, Zhang C, Shin HJ, Lee JS, Jung YS, and Qian Y
Subjects: Animals, Deoxyribonucleases, Phosphorylation, Reactive Oxygen Species, Signal Transduction, Swine, Coronavirus Infections veterinary, Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus genetics
Abstract: DNA damage response (DDR) is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism by which eukaryotic cells sense DNA lesions caused by intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli, including virus infection. Although interactions between DNA viruses and DDR have been extensively studied, how RNA viruses, especially coronaviruses, regulate DDR remains unknown. A previous study showed that the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a member of the genus Alphacoronavirus in the Coronaviridae family, induces DDR in infected cells. However, the underlying mechanism was unclear. This study showed that PEDV activates the ATM-Chk2 signaling, while inhibition of ATM or Chk2 dampens the early stage of PEDV infection. Additionally, we found that PEDV-activated ATM signaling correlates with intracellular ROS production. Interestingly, we showed that, unlike the typical γH2AX foci, PEDV infection leads to a unique γH2AX staining pattern, including phase I (nuclear ring staining), II (pan-nuclear staining), and III (co-staining with apoptotic bodies), which highly resembles the apoptosis process. Furthermore, we demonstrated that PEDV-induced H2AX phosphorylation depends on the activation of caspase-7 and caspase-activated DNAse (CAD), but not ATM-Chk2. Finally, we showed that the knockdown of H2AX attenuates PEDV replication. Taken together, we conclude that PEDV induces DDR through the ROS-ATM and caspase7-CAD-γH2AX signaling pathways to foster its early replication.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources

Refine your results

30 results on '"Foreign Expert"'

1. A Study on EU Regulatory Regimes concerning the Prevention of Vessel-Source Marine Pollution : What Lessons Can Be Learned ?

2. A Class of Modality in the Japanese Adverbs 'kitto' and 'kanarazu' : Similarity with 'Tabun' and 'Taitei'

3. Eyewitness of the Cultural Revolution—.

4. Eyewitness of the Cultural Revolution

5. Gut Bacteria Composition Drives Primary Resistance to Cancer Immunotherapy in Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients

6. Digesting the crisis: autophagy and coronaviruses

7. Zinc isotopic composition of the lower continental crust estimated from lower crustal xenoliths and granulite terrains

8. [Review] Intelligent on-demand design of phononic metamaterials

9. Autoimmunity affecting the biliary tract fuels the immunosurveillance of cholangiocarcinoma

10. Broadband Rayleigh wave attenuation by gradient metamaterials

11. Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RNA virus shedding and lymphopenia are hallmarks of COVID-19 in cancer patients with poor prognosis

12. The metabolomic signature of extreme longevity: naked mole rats versus mice

13. Multifaceted modes of action of the anticancer probiotic Enterococcus hirae

14. Topological surface wave metamaterials for robust vibration attenuation and energy harvesting

15. Experimental realization of a pillared metasurface for flexural wave focusing

16. Metabolic and psychiatric effects of acyl coenzyme A binding protein (ACBP)/diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI)

17. Coronavirus infections: Epidemiological, clinical and immunological features and hypotheses

18. Removal of microplastics from the environment. A review

19. A perspective on elastic metastructures for energy harvesting

20. Propagation and attenuation of Rayleigh and pseudo surface waves in viscoelastic metamaterials

21. Topological states in twisted pillared phononic plates

22. Graphite in 90 T: Evidence for Strong-coupling Excitonic Pairing

23. Innovation in Higher Education: specificity of the microelectronics field

24. Sex at the origin: an Asian population of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae reproduces sexually

25. Veratramine inhibits porcine epidemic diarrhea virus entry through macropinocytosis by suppressing PI3K/Akt pathway.

26. HDAC-Specific Inhibitors Induce the Release of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus via the COPII-Coated Vesicles.

27. Bis-Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloids Inhibit Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus by Disrupting Virus Entry.

28. Pirh2 restricts influenza A virus replication by modulating short-chain ubiquitination of its nucleoprotein.

29. Structural insight into African swine fever virus I73R protein reveals it as a Z-DNA binding protein.

30. Porcine Enteric Coronavirus PEDV Induces the ROS-ATM and Caspase7-CAD-γH2AX Signaling Pathways to Foster Its Replication.

Catalog

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Publication Type

Journal

Database

Publisher

30 results on '"Foreign Expert"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources