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Introduction. Chronic pancreatitis is morphologically characterized by ductal dysplasia, breeding grounds for the proliferation of the ductal cells, the degenerative changes in pancreatic acinar cells and fibrosis, and it is defined on the basis of the clinical, morphological and functional criteria.

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Aspiration pneumonia in infants emerges as a result of deglutition disorders, congenital malformations and severe gastroesophageal reflux. Hydrocarbon pneumonitis is caused by the accidental ingestion and aspiration of hydrocarbons into the body. In children, it can be seen as a result of both the lack of monitoring and the tendency for the exploration of the environment. The accidental ingestion of a large quantity is quite rare due to the bad taste of hydrocarbons. Initially, the central nervous system is the one affected, followed by the respiratory system, causing the chemical pneumonia (through direct injury of the lung). Furthermore, we shall present the case of an 18 month infant with severe trauma as a result of the accidental ingestion of diesel, followed by vomiting and who was brought late to the hospital. The pneumothorax that emerged as a complication was remitted after the treatment, but the initially chemical and then mixed pneumonia through bacterial overinfection led to the infant's death after 12 days of medical attention in the Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit. The histopathological examination of the analyzed lung fragments did not point out any lipid or foam cells that are characteristic to this type of pathology, but which are not mentioned by the majority of toxicology textbooks and those of pathological anatomy, through the low rate of mortality and numerous factors that can lead to negative false results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulmonary hypertension (PAH) represents a frequent complication in patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but the impact of accelerated inflammatory status on the pulmonary vascular bed is still insufficiently studied. Objectives: The study of the PAH's prevalence in patients suffering from COPD, its severity compared with lung function and the correlation with certain clinical, biological and functional parameters. Material and method: The study was performed on a group of 64 patients, average age 53 years, 42 of whom were men (65,62%), suffering from COPD who were admitted to the Emergency County Hospital Craiova, on the II-nd Medical Clinic, within a period of 18 months. When assessing the patients their clinical state was stable, without acute exacerbations items. The control group included 61 patients suffering from other diseases without inflammatory background, who were hospitalized in clinic in the same period. All the patients included in the study were evaluated by: physical examination, thoracic radiological examination, spirometry, inflammatory syndrome, echocardiography Doppler and oximetry. Results: The results of the study show a prevalence of 54.6 % PAH and a statistically significant impact of age, duration of the disease, Sa O2, inflammatory status, which was quantified in the study by ESR, serum levels of CRP and serum level of TNF alpha over the risk of developing COPD in patients suffering from PAH. Conclusions: The occurrence and the severity of PAH in patients suffering from COPD seems to be correlated with their age, duration of the disease, Sa O2 and serum levels of inflammatory markers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with metabolic impairments, being a component of metabolic syndrome. Considering the involvement of fat accumulation and insulin resistance in NAFLD, triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index was proposed as a marker of NAFLD progression. The "gold standard" for the evaluation of liver lesions characteristic for NAFLD remains the liver biopsy. The aim of this study was to establish the links between TyG index, assessing insulin resistance, and histopathological lesions of liver samples obtained by liver biopsy in patients with metabolic syndrome., Patients, Materials and Methods: We conducted a study over a period of three years, including 113 adult patients with metabolic syndrome in whom hepatic disorders were assessed by liver biopsy and insulin resistance was evaluated by TyG index., Results and Discussions: In our study, steatosis had a frequency of 92.03%, being identified 26 cases with mild steatosis, 48 with moderate steatosis and 31 with severe steatosis. Regarding non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the frequency of this disorder in our study group was 29.2% in the subjects with liver steatosis, while liver fibrosis had a frequency of 53.09%. When we analyzed the relationships between TyG index and the presence of each type of lesion necessary for NASH diagnosis, we obtained statistically significant differences for the presence of hepatocyte ballooning (p=0.01) and a high statistically significance for the NAFLD activity score (NAS) (p<0.0001)., Conclusions: TyG index is a facile tool that can be used to identify patients at risk for advanced NAFLD lesions evaluated by liver biopsy.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a major health burden, as curative methods only apply to a select small portion of the affected population. Screening programs are ineffective in the absence of established underlying conditions such as viral hepatitis or alcohol abuse resulting in liver cirrhosis. Thus, overweight or obese, diabetic patients as well as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) cases are often overlooked as potential candidates for HCC development. Current diagnostic methods for HCC are restricted to non-invasive imaging tests; however, the need for accurate predictive or therapeutic markers make histological studies a necessity; the latest guidelines and recommendations demand an increased effort in obtaining pertinent data from immunohistochemical investigations. Our aim was to retrospectively evaluate a series of patients with common symptoms and manifestations of metabolic syndrome who underwent liver biopsy after imaging revealed suspicious liver masses. We describe the major findings of both common histological evaluation and microvessel density evaluated by positive CD34 immunostaining.