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Aims To assess the effectiveness and safety of administering prophylactic antibiotics in reducing the risk of urinary tract infection (UTI) after urodynamic studies (UDS). Methods The CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHI, LILIACS (up to January 2007), TRIP database, The National Library for Health, the citation lists of review articles, conference abstracts (2004-2006) and hand search of reference lists to identify relevant reviews and articles. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotics with placebo or nothing in reducing bacteriologically proven UTI after invasive cystometry were included. Two reviewers extracted data independently and the results were expressed as peto odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals using fixed effects model in ReV Man 4.2.8 software. Results Eight RCTs with 995 patients were included. The majority of the patients were female. The studies were methodologically poor. The primary outcome in all but one study was newly acquired infection defined as colony count >105/ml in urine tested post UDS. On meta-analysis, there was 40% reduction in the risk of significant bacteriuria with administration of prophylactic antibiotics (Peto odds ratio 0.39; 95% confidence interval 0.24-0.61). The antibiotics used differed in dose, type and duration. One minor skin rash and one major anaphylactic reaction requiring steroid injection therapy was reported in the treatment group. One would need to give prophylactic antibiotics to 13 individuals undergoing UDS to prevent one significant bacteriuria of unknown clinical significance. Conclusion The use of prophylactic antibiotics in urodynamics reduces the risk of significant bacteriuria. Neurourol. Urodynam. 27:167-173, 2008. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the surgical outcome of uterine preservation during anterior colporrhaphy, in women with apparent uterine descent, after the application of validated cervical traction under anaesthesia., Study Design: This study was conducted at a tertiary referral hospital in the United Kingdom. Thirty five patients with symptomatic anterior compartment prolapse (stage 2 or more) with the cervix, pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POPQ) point C, at or higher than -3 cm (stage 1), who had requested surgical repair, were recruited. In all patients there was no evidence of apical descent, with point D at -8 cm or above. All patients had a validated 'cervical traction' force applied intra-operatively to the cervix, and if the cervix, point C, did not come down further than 'stage 2' (+1cm) the uterus was conserved. These patients had an anterior repair, without a vaginal hysterectomy or apical support procedure, and were reviewed 3 months postoperatively. International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-vaginal symptoms (ICIQ-VS) and POP-Q scores were completed pre- and post-operatively, with another POPQ performed intraoperatively during validated cervical traction. The Wilcoxon test was used to look at differences in vaginal descent and also to compare specific items of the ICIQ., Results: In all 35 women, there was cervical descent below -1cm (stage 2) when a validated amount of cervical traction was applied. When examined at follow up, however, the cervix (point C) had returned to its preoperative, asymptomatic level (stage 1) in all except one patient. There was no significant change in the position of point C pre- and 3 months post- operatively. Only one of the 35 women required a subsequent vaginal hysterectomy for prolapse (2.86%, 95% CI 0.07-14.91%). Significant improvements in ICIQ-VS scores were observed following anterior repair with uterine conservation., Conclusion: The degree of uterine descent with cervical traction under anaesthesia has not been shown to be helpful in assessing the need for vaginal hysterectomy at the time of vaginal repair. The 'cervical traction' test is therefore unnecessary, and the decision as to whether to perform a concomitant vaginal hysterectomy should be based on the clinical findings on examination in the clinic., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: The use of quality of life (QoL) instruments in menorrhagia research is increasing but there is concern that not enough emphasis is placed on patient-focus in these measurements, i.e. on issues which are of importance to patients and reflect their experiences and concerns (clinical face validity). The objective was to assess the quality of QoL instruments in studies of menorrhagia., Study Design: A systematic review of published research. Papers were identified through MEDLINE (1966-April 2000), EMBASE (1980-April 2000), Science Citation Index (1981-April 2000), Social Science Citation Index (1981-April 2000), CINAHL (1982-1999) and PsychLIT (1966-1999), and by manual searching of bibliographies of known primary and review articles. Studies were selected if they assessed women with menorrhagia for life quality, either developing QoL instruments or applying them as an outcome measure. Selected studies were assessed for quality of their QoL instruments, using a 17 items checklist including 10 items for clinical face validity (issues of relevance to patients' expectations and concerns) and 7 items for measurement properties (such as reliability, responsiveness, etc.)., Results: A total of 19 articles, 8 on instrument development and 11 on application, were included in the review. The generic Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire (SF36) was used in 12/19 (63%) studies. Only two studies developed new specific QoL instruments for menorrhagia but they complied with 7/17 (41%) and 10/17 (59%) of the quality criteria. Quality assessment showed that only 7/19 (37%) studies complied with more than half the criteria for face validity whereas 17/19 (90%) studies complied with more than half of the criteria for measurement properties (P = 0.0001)., Conclusion: Among existing QoL instruments, there is good compliance with the quality criteria for measurement properties but not with those for clinical face validity. There is a need to develop methodologically sound disease specific QoL instruments in menorrhagia focussing both on face validity and measurement properties., (Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd.)