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As the low water solubility of gallic acid (GA), its biological activities such as water-based antioxidant effect may be greatly reduced. Therefore, GA-loaded nanocomposites (F-SiO2@GA) with high water solubility were synthesized via solvent evaporation using food-grade silica (F-SiO2) as carriers in this work. The assessment of antioxidant capacity revealed that F-SiO2@GA exhibited considerably greater free-radical scavenging ability than free GA and the physical mixture of F-SiO2 and GA. In the photooxidation experiment of food-grade gardenia yellow pigment (GYP), F-SiO2@GA showed a notable antioxidant effect on GYP solution. Additionally, in the storage experiment on chilled whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) treated with F-SiO2@GA, pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values were effectively inhibited. In conclusion, the internal encapsulation of GA effectively prevented the self-aggregation phenomenon, thereby facilitating the exposure of its active phenolic hydroxyl group and significantly enhancing its water-based biological activity.

[Display omitted] • Curcumin-loaded food-grade nano-silica hybrid material (F-SiO 2 @Cur) was prepared. • Curcumin in F-SiO 2 @Cur was loaded within the nanopores in a non-aggregate form. • F-SiO 2 @Cur showed remarkable water solubility and photostability. • F-SiO 2 @Cur exhibited enhanced singlet oxygen (1O 2) generation capacity. • F-SiO 2 @Cur had excellent PDI preservation effect on small yellow croaker at 4 °C. Two types of curcumin-loaded food-grade nano-silica (F-SiO 2) hybrid materials were successfully synthesized using the rotary evaporation method (F-SiO 2 @Cur) and the adsorption method (Cur@F-SiO 2). The microstructure and spectral analyses confirmed that the curcumin in F-SiO 2 @Cur was loaded within the nanopores in a non-aggregate form rather than being adsorbed onto the surface (Cur@F-SiO 2). Additionally, F-SiO 2 @Cur exhibited remarkable water solubility (1510 ± 50.33 µg/mL) and photostability (a photodegradation ratio of only 59.22 %). Importantly, F-SiO 2 @Cur obtained a higher capacity for the generation of singlet oxygen (1O 2) compared to control groups. Consequently, F-SiO 2 @Cur-mediated photodynamic inactivation (PDI) group attained the highest score in sensory evaluation and the best color protection effect in PDI experiment of small yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis) at 4 °C. Moreover, F-SiO 2 @Cur could effectively controlled total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) content, pH, and total viable count (TVC), thereby prolonging the shelf life. Therefore, F-SiO 2 @Cur-mediated PDI is an effective fresh-keeping technology for aquatic products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the low water solubility of gallic acid (GA), its biological activities such as water-based antioxidant effect may be greatly reduced. Therefore, GA-loaded nanocomposites (F-SiO 2 @GA) with high water solubility were synthesized via solvent evaporation using food-grade silica (F-SiO 2 ) as carriers in this work. The assessment of antioxidant capacity revealed that F-SiO 2 @GA exhibited considerably greater free-radical scavenging ability than free GA and the physical mixture of F-SiO 2 and GA. In the photooxidation experiment of food-grade gardenia yellow pigment (GYP), F-SiO 2 @GA showed a notable antioxidant effect on GYP solution. Additionally, in the storage experiment on chilled whiteleg shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei ) treated with F-SiO 2 @GA, pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values were effectively inhibited. In conclusion, the internal encapsulation of GA effectively prevented the self-aggregation phenomenon, thereby facilitating the exposure of its active phenolic hydroxyl group and significantly enhancing its water-based biological activity., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 Zhejiang Ocean University.)